Name: Titan

Name: Harry
Name:Kha
Name:Noah
Biology
Mr. Bill Pham
Period 3, 10/15/2016

Using
Compound
Microscopes
Honor Code: On my honor, I have neither received nor given any
unauthorized aid on this assignment.

Introduction:
Compound microscopes is an instrument that scientist use for observing a compound or cell
structure .This instrument can forming magnified image of a very small side object. The
microscope has two type of lens. The first also known as ocular lens is the lens that closes to our
eyes. The second lens also known as objective lens serving close to the object to be viewed.
Science believes that the first microscope was discovered by Cornelis Drebbel in 1620s in
Netherlands. But the first evidence about interior cell constructing does not occur until 1644.
There are many type of microscope but the three main types are electron, optical also known as
compound microscope, scanning probe. Electron microscopes can use to see tinier than cells.
Electron microscope can magnify object up to 2 million. Finally is Scanning Probe Microscope
is used to scanning tunnels at atom scales.

Material:
-Compound Microscope

-Onion root cell

-Microscope slide vs slip cover

-Methylene blue

-Lab Coat

-Yogurt

-Gloves

-Distilled water

-Cheek cell

-A lab knife

-Onion cell

Procedure:

Onion Cell:
Step 1: Prepare an onion, a microscope, a slide and slip cover, a lab coat and gloves and finally
and lab knife.
Step 2: Put on your lab coat and lab gloves.
Step 3: Use the lab knife and cuts a thin small piece of the onion.
Step 4: Put the piece of onion that you cut on to the microscope slide and then use the slip to
cover.
Step 5: Input the onion cells to the microscope then place your eyes to ocular lens to observe the
onion cells.
Step 6: Change the objective lens to look closer and better qualities.
Onion Root Cell:
Step 1: Prepare an onion root, a microscope, a slide and slip cover, a lab coat and gloves and
finally and lab knife.
Step 2: Put on your lab coat and lab gloves.
Step 3: Use the lab knife and cuts a thin small piece of the onion root.
Step 4: Put the piece of onion root that you cut on to the microscope slide and then use the slip to
cover.
Step 5: Input the onion root cells to the microscope then place your eyes to ocular lens to observe
the onion cells.
Step 6: Change the objective lens to look closer and better qualities.
Cheek Cell:
Step 1: Prepare a toothpick, a microscope, a slide, a lab coat, and gloves, methylene blue.
Step 2: Put on your lab coat and lab gloves.
Step 3: Use the toothpick and put in your inside your cheek and move around for 30 seconds.
Step 4: Use the toothpick with cheek cell and mere it on the microscope slide then let it dry for 3
minutes.
Step 5: After let the cheek cell dry for 3 minutes. Carefully slide it over fire for 3 to 4 times.
Step 6: Wash the cells with methylene blue.
Step 7: Input the cheek cells to the microscope then place your eyes to ocular lens to observe the
cheek cells.
Step 8: Change the objective lens to look closer and better qualities.

Yogurt Diluted:
Step 1: Prepare a toothpick, a microscope, a slide, a lab coat, and gloves, a box of yogurt,
methylene blue, distilled water.
Step 2: Put on your lab coat and lab gloves.
Step 3: Use the toothpick and dive it in to the yogurt box and take it out.
Step 4: Mixed the yogurt that stick on the toothpick with distilled water.
Step 5: Take a new toothpick and dive it into the mixture of distilled water and yogurt.
Step 6: Take the toothpick out and mere on the microscope slide.
Step 7: Let it dry for 3 minutes, then carefully slide it over fire for 3 to 4 times.
Step 8: Wash the cells with methylene blue.
Step 9: Input the yogurt diluted to the microscope then place your eyes to ocular lens to observe
the yogurt diluted.
Step 10: Change the objective lens to look closer and better qualities.
Yogurt Undiluted:
Step 1: Prepare a toothpick, a microscope, a slide, a lab coat, and gloves, a box of yogurt,
methylene blue.
Step 2: Put on your lab coat and lab gloves.
Step 3: Use the toothpick and dive it in to the yogurt box and take it out.
Step 4: Take the toothpick out and mere on the microscope slide.
Step 5: Let it dry for 3 minutes, then carefully slide it over fire for 3 to 4 times.
Step 6: Wash the cells with methylene blue.
Step 7: Input the yogurt undiluted to the microscope then place your eyes to ocular lens to
observe the yogurt undiluted.
Step 8: Change the objective lens to look closer and better qualities.

Data & Results:

Onion Cells:

This is Onion Cell x4

This is Onion Cell x10

As you can see the onion cell at objective lens of 4 look have a dark purple and inside it there are
many bubbles shape and strike on the cell. But as you focus closer to objective lens 10, you can
see that the color has change and became lighter but still have many strikes and bubbles.

Onion Root Cell:

This is Onion Root Cell x4

This is Onion Root Cell x10

The structure of an onion root cell does not very different from the onion cell accept the color of
the onion root cell is green. There are still many bubbles and strikes. As you can see, when we
focus the objective lens to x10 it still looks similar to the objective lens x4.

Cheek Cell:

This is Cheek Cell x4

This is Cheek Cell x10

As you can see the image of Cheek Cell at the objective lens x4 look white or colorless. The blue
part of the cell is from the methylene blue that uses to wash the Cheek Cell. The Cheek Cell has
many dark blue dots. As you focus to the objective lens of x10, it remain the structure remain the
same but it help you to look closer.

Yogurt Diluted:

This is Yogurt Diluted x4

This is Yogurt Diluted x10

From the pictures we can see that the Yogurt Cell is colorless and the has a circle shape that look
like bacteria. When you focus the objective lens to 10 it still look the same. Accept it look closer
and larger than the objective lens of 4.

Yogurt Undiluted:

This is Yogurt Undiluted x4

This is Yogurt Undiluted x10

The Yogurt Undiluted with objective lens of x4 has a dark blue color. And some yellow bacteria
and many other bacteria that have black color and look like a big dot. As you focus the objective
lens to 10, you can see that the Yogurt Undiluted change to a light blue color and the yellow
bacteria fade away.

Discussion:
Online Onion Cells Image:

This is an online onion cell image

This is an online onion root cell image

This is an online yogurt cell image

There are five main types of bacteria found in yogurt.
-Lactobacillus bulgaricus

-Lactobacillus casei

- Streptococcus thermophiles

-Bifidobacteria

- Lactobacillus acidophilus

Onion Cells Online Research:

Quoting from amrita, An onion is a multicellular (consisting of many cells) plant organism. As
in all plant cells, the cell of an onion peel consists of a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm,
nucleus and a large vacuole. The nucleus is present at the periphery of the cytoplasm. The
vacuole is prominent and present at the centre of the cell. It is surrounded by cytoplasm. The
presence of a cell wall and a large vacuole are indicators that help identify plant cells, such as
seen in the onion peel.(MeitY)
Onion Root Cell Online Research:
Quoting from schoolworkhelper, When observing the onion root tip cells for the stage of
prophase, the cells took on a brick-like structure and within the cells, small dots (the nuclei) can
be seen. In one particular cells nucleus, the chromatin has condensed so much that it can be seen
using a light microscope. The stage that the cell is currently in is prophase. Also, the cell walls in
the onion root were barely visible, but the nuclei were very clear.(St. Rosemary Educational
Institution)
Yogurt Cell Online Research:
Quoting from microbewiki, Yogurt is made from the fermentation of a generic milk mix and
forms a gel made up of a network of casein micelles. In this network structure, there are empty

spaces that are filled with a liquid phase. This liquid phase, known as whey, is the liquid part of
the milk left after fermentation. There are also slightly larger spaces that are occupied by starter
bacteria. Trapped starter bacteria and whey within the casein network provide the viscoelastic
properties.

Compare:
Onion Cell:

This is an online onion cell

This is our lab image

There are not many different between the colors. The structure is the main different. Our lab
image has a bubble look like structure but the image from the internet has a strong wall structure.
This is the different from our image and the online onion cell image.
Onion Root Cell:

This is an online onion root cell

This is our lab image

There are a big different between hour lab image and the online onion root cell. There are a big
different in colors. The online onion root cell has a purple colors, meanwhile our lab image has a
green colors. Moreover, there are also different in the structure too. Our lab image has a bubble
look like structure but the image from the internet has a strong wall structure. This is the
different from our image and the online onion root cell image.
Yogurt Cell:

This is an online yogurt cell

This is our lab image

There are slight different in color. The online yogurt cell has a dark blue color, in contrast our lab
image has a lighter blue color. There are no different in cell structure. In addition our lab image
has more bacteria than the online yogurt cell.

Experience:
I can learn from this lab class many new techniques. From this lab class a can learn how to write
a lab report. I also learn how to use a microscope and how to use it correctly. In this lab class, I
can also observe the many different types of cell structure. I learn how to take of a lab gloves the
right way. I also learn many ways to handle lab instruments. I could improve my experiment
with the skill that I learn from this first lab class.

Research Question:
Methylene blue purpose is to make an animal cell more visible on the microscope. This is the
reason why we need to add methylene blue on to the human cheek cell. This is the reason that we
need to put methylene blue on to the human cheek cell. It helps us to observe the cheek cell

sample easier. You have to be careful when handle the methylene blue, you need to wear lab
gloves to protect you from the methylene blue poison.
You need to put the immersion oil when you focus the objective lens to x100 because the light
will refract in many different ways. This make the image produce from the microscope look
much unfocused. The immersion oil helps to prevent the like to refract and allow us to focus the
image and see it at very high magnification.

Works Cited
"Our Objective." Onion and Cheek Cells (Theory) : Class 9 : Biology : Amrita Online Lab. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.
<http://amrita.olabs.edu.in/?sub=79&brch=15&sim=125&cnt=1>

"Mrs. Canfield." Mrs. Canfield. St. Martin De Porres School Laboratory, n.d. Web. 16 Oct.
2016.
<http://www.teacherweb.com/NY/StMartindePorres/MrsCanfield/gallery2.aspx>

Garg, Saurabh. "Onion Cells under Microscope - Saurabh Garg." Saurabh Garg. Saurabh Garg,
27 July 2015. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.
<http://saurabhg.com/microscopy/onion-cells-under-microscope/>

Huguelet, M.C., and Heather Bailey. "What Are the Different Types of Bacteria in Yogurt?"
WiseGeek. Conjecture, n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.
<http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-bacteria-in-yogurt.htm>

St. Rosemary Educational Institution. "Onion Root Cell Cycle Lab Answers."
http://schoolworkhelper.net/. St. Rosemary Educational Institution, Last Update: 2016. Web.
<http://schoolworkhelper.net/onion-root-cell-cycle-lab-answers/>

"Yogurt." Microbewiki. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.

<https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Yogurt>

"Onion Root Cell." Onion Root Cell. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.
<http://cscwtalkto.us/pages/o/onion-root-cell/>