Database Management Systems

Analysis of database related techniques and trends

and non-conventional applications

By
Vishal Sharma

Abstract:A Database Management Software or DBMS is greatly significant in many fields because it manages data efficiently
and allows users to perform multiple tasks providing data consistency and integrity and prevention from redundancy
and loss of data with ease. A database management system is able to store, organize and manage a large amount of
information across many systems or a Network within a single software application. Computers store a tremendous
amount of information, for predicting future trends and maintaining trade and official records hence the amount of
data computers store continue to increase in such situations Databases are the forefront tool of making information
available for programs and other users who need to access the database. Most companies and corporate giants rely on
databases for storing, managing and updating customer information and various product and services details. Use of
databases to store accounting information is also common and even Researchers enable the services of databases for
its ease of managing and comparing results from various sources.

Introduction:Databases use has been extended to many non-conventional branches such as data mining. Data mining is discoverydriven as it provides insights into corporate data by finding hidden patterns and relationships in large databases of
structured or unstructured data and provided inference rules to predict future behaviour. These predictions are used to
guide decision making and forecast the effect of those decisions. Whereas Data warehousing provides a database that
stores current and historical data of potential interest to its users. These data are combined with data from external
sources and transformed by correcting inaccurate and incomplete data and restructuring the data for management
reporting and analysis before being loaded into the data warehouse. The data warehouse makes the data available for
anyone to access as needed, a data warehouse system also provides a range of ad hoc and standardized query tools,
analytical tools, and graphical reporting facilities.
However the increase in amount of data generated per user has increased exponentially and this has led to the rise of
Big Data. The term big data is used to describe the datasets with volumes so huge that they are beyond the ability of
typical DBMS to capture, store, and analyze. Hence tools like Hadoop make it possible to maintain operation at high
data dependencies that was not feasible before. We also therefore have entered into an era of Non-relational database
management systems or NoSQL, which uses a more flexible data model and is designed for managing large data sets
across many distributed machines and for simplicity and efficiency. They accelerate simple queries against large
volumes of structured and unstructured data, including Web, social media, graphics, that are difficult to analyze with
traditional SQL-based tools.

1.Data mining techniques in social media

Methodology:Today, the use of social networks is growing ceaselessly and rapidly, making these networks a substantial pool for
unstructured data that belong to a host of domains, including business, governments and health. Situations like these
call for data mining techniques that will facilitate reforming the unstructured data and place it within a systematic
pattern.
In this review the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) proposed by Kitchenham and Charters methodology is used
which consists of namely planning, conducting, and re- porting phases and the several stages involved in these phases.
The planning phase can be expressed as a review protocol which consists of six stages: specifying research questions,
designing the search strategy, identifying the study selection procedures, specifying the quality assessment rules,
detailing the data extraction strategy, and synthesizing the extracted data. The following figure describes it:-

The search and selection strategy that is followed in this survey can
be divided in:1. Search terms
2. Survey resources
3. Search phase
4. Study selection

As explained in the shown figure:-

The following data regarding the proposed methodology is obtained from various popular form of social networks as
shown in following pie chart representation :-

Result and future scopes:We identified 19 data mining techniques that had been applied by researchers in the area of social media such as:AdaBoost, Artificial Neural Network (ANN),Apriori, Bayesian Networks (BN), Decision Trees (DT), Fuzzy, K-beam
etc. Which helps us to discover various scopes in the increased use of Data Mining in Social Networks like:1.

Identifying key individuals, teams, and units.

2.

Discern information breakdowns to crack bottlenecks and structural holes.

3.

Accelerating knowledge flows across functional and organizational boundaries by creating out opportunities.

4.

Strengthen the efficiency and effectiveness of existing, formal communication channels.

5.

Leverage peer support by capturing people feedback and popularity of certain trends.

6.
Helps in improving innovation, learning and refining strategies to create an efficient domain of ideas and
knowledge sharing on a global scale.

2.Application of Data Warehouse in Real Life

METHODOLOGY:
Lately, because of increment in data complexity what's more, reasonability issues, data warehousing has pulled in an
awesome arrangement of enthusiasm for genuine applications particularly in business, back, social insurance and
enterprises. As the significance of recovering the data from learning base can't be denied, data warehousing is about
making the data accessible for basic leadership. Data distribution centre is acknowledged as the heart of the most
recent choice emotionally supportive networks. Because of the excitement of data distribution centre, in actuality, the
requirement for the plan and usage of data distribution centre in various applications is getting to be urgent. Data from
operational data sources are coordinated by data warehousing into a focal vault to begin the procedure of examination
and mining of incorporated data and basically utilized as a part of key basic leadership by method for on the web
systematic handling methods (OLAP). In spite of the uses of data warehousing strategies in number of regions, there is
no exhaustive writing survey for it. This overview paper is a push to exhibit the uses of data stockroom all things
considered. It centres to help the researchers knowing the examination of data stockroom applications in number of
spaces. This study gives applications, contextual investigations and examination of data stockroom utilized as a part of
different spaces in view of client inclinations.

Figure 1 demonstrates a general perspective of data distribution centre design worthy over every one of the uses of
data distribution centre, all things considered. Each use of data warehousing incorporate extraction of the informatics
data from the key framework with utilizing as minor assets as it can, change of that data by applying an arrangement
of principles from source to the objective and bringing (stacking) the related data into a DW (called ETL handle). A
portion of the zones DW design holds it significance are specialized related outline, data related plan, furthermore,
equipment and programming related plan.

Significance of DW can't be denied because of its advantages since choices at administration level will no longer need
to be gone up against the restricted and wrong data and it likewise helps the organizations to stay away from various
difficulties. So it turns into the need of each individual organization to actualize data distribution centre. It is evaluated
that by 2020 around 200% more gadgets will join the Internet and share data. DW unequivocally relies on gadgets and
buries connected data. The more interlinked gadgets are, the all the more intense and valuable DW. As indicated by the
estimate by numerous association by 2016 around 6.4 billion associated companions will join the room
comprehensively, an expansion of 30% from 2015. Cisco and other research organizations feel that roughly 20 - 50
billion gadgets will be associated by 2020, (see Figure 2). Opposite side of the photo is that cost will increment as
well. In the event that we discuss spending on equipment, the applications identified with customer will hit to $546
billion before the end of 2016; separated from that the use of associated things in the association will be some place
around $868 billion before the end of 2016.

FUTURE SCOPES:
The data warehousing concepts can be used in Medical, Finance, Banking, Manufacturing sector.
It can also be used in Education, Marketing and Social Media sectors.

3.Next-generation plant science: putting big data to work

Methodology: Availability of genomic data has enabled scholars and researchers to go a further step and integrate big data from
different kinds of omics analyses to address fundamental problems. While the multi-omics approach has many
advantages, it could also present itself as overwhelm in both data quantity and complexity. This illustrated way to
approach big data to answers both general and detail question in plant biology. Indeed, it can be said that the questions
that can be tackled using omics approaches are different from characterizing a single gene in specific developmental
or immune pathway. Rather, omics approaches facilitate understanding particular biological processes as part of a
larger picture: the plant and its connection with the environment. It offered fresh insights from applying omics to
discovery, in the field of biotic stress response, epigenetic and genetics, hormone signalling, growth and development,
biodiversity and adaptation to the environment and synthetic and network biology. Some of the most thought
provoking uses of multi-omics techniques presented include the characterization of inter genes regions, defining genes
and pathways involved in specific processes and measuring dynamic response in tissue, whole plants or plant
populations.

Result and future scopes: One of the main objectives of plant biology is to predict plant response given genomic information and environmental
situation. The huge amount of data derived from multi-omics studies has the prospective to contribute to the goal.
Plant modelling tools are available and multi-omics techniques are already used to speed up plant breeding. However,
there is much to be discovered. The nature of omics analyses shifts research time from taking measurement to analyse
big data and finding trends. Big data also expand the question we can ask to include processes that have been too
complex to study in depth. A great example is classification of the ecology of the root bacterium through soil

condition. While the learning of these systems still requires wide-ranging wet lab analysis, thus, cautiously produced
big data can lead biological discovery and counterpart targeted approaches in dividing plant processes. Multi-omics
approaches unify knowledge on the purpose and regulation of discrete genes/pathways with contextual information in
short; it is a step forward toward apprehending the essence of a plant.