Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
12
IMPACT TEST
22 NOVEMBER 2016
01 P
4
GROUP MEMBERS
NAME
NUR SYAMIZA BINTI ZAMRI
SAMSIAH BINTI SUAILY
NIK NURHARYANTIE BINTI NIK MOHD KAMIL
LAB INSTRUCTOR
MR AIDIL SHAFIZA
ID
FA 14030
FA 14031
FA 14115
TABLE OF CONTENTS
No.
Contents
Page
Aim
Objectives
Introduction
4-5
4.1 Apparatus
4.2 Procedure
5-9
Discussion
10
Conclusion
10
References
10
Rubrics
11
1.0
AIM
To gather convincing evidence that total system momentum is conserved in an
elastic collision between two carts and describe how the evidence support the
2.0
OBJECTIVE
To calculate the elastic and inelastic qualities of collision as well as conserved
3.0
law of momentum.
Demonstration of collision behavior for elastic and inelastic type.
energy.
The momentum of the carts would be conserved before and after collision.
INTRODUCTION
The abrupt change in path of a moving body (or bodies) due to its interaction with
other body (or bodies) is called collision. The magnitude and direction of the velocity of the
colliding bodies may change in a collision. The force involved in collision acts only for a
very short period of time. We come across many examples of collision daily. The coins of a
carom game colliding with one another or collision between vehicles in road are examples of
collision. The Conservation Laws that are applied here are the Law of Conservation of Linear
Momentum which is total linear momentum of a system of a particle is conserved if there is
no external force acting on the system. Besides, the total linear momentum before collision is
equal to total linear momentum after collision, if no external force acts on the system. In
physics, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system
remains constantit is said to be conserved over time.[1] Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; rather, it transforms from one form to another. There are two types of collision
which are elastic collision and inelastic collision. So that, elastic collision can be defined that
the type of collision in which both momentum and kinetic energy of the system are
conserved. The collision between subatomic particles is generally elastic. The collision
between two steel or glass balls is nearly elastic. In elastic collision, the forces involving are
conservative in nature. Inelastic collisions may not conserve kinetic energy, but they do obey
conservation of momentum.[2]Most of the collisions in our daily life are application of
inelastic nature.
3
4.0
APPARATUS
1 Sensor-CASSY
1 CASSY Lab 2
1 Timer box or Timer S
1 Track
2 Trolleys
1 Pair of additional weights
1 Impact spring for trolley
2 Combination light barriers
2 Multi-core cables, 6 pole, 1.5m
1 PC with Windows XP/Vista/7
Alternatively (with linear air track)
1 Sensor-CASSY
1 CASSY Lab 2
1 Timer box or Timer S
1 Linear air track
1 Track support
1 Air supply
1 Power controller
2 Forked light barriers
2 Multi-core cables, 6 pole, 1.5m
1 PC with Windows XP/Vista/7
4.2 PROCEDURE
Load settings
1. Enter masses
m1
and
m2
m1
and
m2
2. Enter the trolley arrangement before collision in relation to light barriers E and F (settings
v 1, v 2, v 1' v 2' . There are four different arrangement.
'
'
3. Enter the flag width (also in settings v 1, v 2, v 1 v 2
4. Initiate the collision (if velocities are displayed before the collision, you can clear these
with 0 ) and watch to make sure that the light barriers do not register any extra pulses
(e.g due to reflection of a trolley at the end of the track).
5. Terminate the measurement with End of Collision (the measurement is terminated
automatically after four measured velocities).
6. Transfer the measured values to the table for evaluation with timer or initialize the next
measurement with 0 .
5.0
ELASTIC COLLISION
Using the formula below to find the theoretical velocity after collision :
[3]
M2
Velocity Before
Collision, m/s
V1
V2
From
5
From
From theoretical
0.137
0.193
0.005
-0.688
experiment
V1
-0.010
theoretical
V1
-0.807
experiment
V2
0.455
V2
-0.114
Calculation :
V1= [2(0.193)(-0.688)+ (0.137-0.193)(0.005)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = -0.807 m/s
V2= [2(0.137)(0.005)+ (0.193-0.137)(-0.688)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = -0.114 m/s
Velocity
Before
M1
0.137
M2
0.193
Collision, m/s
V1
V2
-0.951
From
From
From
From theoretical
experiment
V1
-0.758
theoretical
V1
-1.112
experiment
V2
-0.226
V2
-0.161
Calculation :
V1= [2(0.193)(-0.951)+ (0.137-0.193)(0)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = -1.112m/s
V2= [2(0.137)(0)+ (0.193-0.137)(-0.951)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = -0.161 m/s
Velocity
Before
M1
0.137
M2
0.193
Collision, m/s
V1
V2
2.159
From
From
From
From theoretical
experiment
V1
0.138
theoretical
V1
-0.366
experiment
V2
1.441
V2
1.793
Calculation :
V1= [2(0.193)(0)+ (0.137-0.193)(2.159)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = -0.366m/s
V2= [2(0.137)(2.159)+ (0.193-0.137)(0)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = 1.793 m/s
TABLE 4 : EXPLOSION
Mass,kg
M1
Collision, m/s
V1
V2
From
From
From
From theoritical
experiment
V1
-0.084
theoritical
V1
0
experiment
V2
0.073
V2
0
M2
0.137
0.193
Calculation :
V1= [2(0.193)(0)+ (0.137-0.193)(0)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = 0 m/s
V2= [2(0.137)(0)+ (0.193-0.137)(0)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = 0 m/s
5.2
INELASTIC COLLISION
Using the formula below to find the theoretical velocity after collision
M1
Collision, m/s
V1
V2
From
From
From
From theoritical
1.861
experiment
V1
-0.742
theoretical
V1
0.124
experiment
V2
-0.401
V2
0.124
0.137
M2
0.193
-1.107
Calculation :
V1= V2 = [(0.137)(1.861)+ (0.193)(-1.107)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = 0.124 m/s
Velocity Before
Collision, m/s
V1
V2
M2
0.137
0.193
-1.3
From
From
From
From theoritical
experiment
V1
-0.796
theoritical
V1
-0.760
experiment
V2
-0.204
V2
-0.760
Calculation :
V1= V2 = [(0.137)(0)+ (0.193)(-1.3)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = -0.760 m/s
Velocity
Before
M1
M2
0.137
0.193
Collision, m/s
V1
V2
0.841
From
From
From
From theoretical
experiment
V1
0.232
theoretical
V1
0.349
experiment
V2
0.593
V2
0.349
Calculation :
V1= V2 = [(0.137)(0.841)+ (0.193)(0)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = 0.349 m/s
TABLE 8 : EXPLOSION
Mass,kg
Velocity
Before
8
M1
0.137
M2
0.193
Collision, m/s
V1
V2
From
From
From
From theoretical
experiment
V1
-0.050
theoretical
V1
0
experiment
V2
0.306
V2
0
Calculation :
V1= V2 = [(0.137)(0)+ (0.193)(0)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = 0 m/s
6.0
DISCUSSION
-Equipment error occur due to the old equipment in our lab , the track is not balance and
cause the different in velocity for each trial even we use the same mass and speed of air .
- Besides , should be the block is in the air due to the blowing of air , but it still move in the
track and cause the friction on the block .
- Other than that , during the experiment , the block is not perfect enough because some of the
part are broke , so that we use alternative by connect it with maskintape to make it become
normal even there will be shaking , but it is in control .
7.0
CONCLUSION
From this experiment , we can conclude that elastic collision conserved momentum and
kinetic energy . This is because , velocity before and after almost same , but a little bit
difference due to the error state in discussion . Besides , inelastic collision not conserve
kinetic energy but conserve the momentum . The velocity before and after is diferent .
8.0
REFERENCES
2) Ferdinand Beer, Jr. and E. Russell Johnston (1996). Vector equations for
engineers:
Dynamics
(Sixth
ed.).
McGraw
Hill.
pp. 794797.
ISBN 978-
0070053663.
9.0
RUBRICS
Report
Elements
MARKS
GIVEN
RATINGS (MARK)
3
Openended lab
elements
practice
Design own
method of
experiments to
achieve the
objectives
(independent of
lab sheet)
Show one or
more elements
of open-ended
method but still
dependent on
lab sheet
Totally
dependent on
lab sheet
methods
Result
and
findings
Results are
correct and
presented in
appropriate
tools with
elements of lab
sheet
independence
Results are
correct and
presented
totally as
guided by lab
sheet
Results are
partially
correct
Comprehensive
analysis on the
results and
theory by
Discussion
points only
focusing on
question in lab
Discussio
n
10
An incomplete
discussion and
poor analysis
adding
additional
discussion
points other
than specified
in lab sheet
Conclusio
n&
Reference
Report
Presentat
ion
sheet
Conclude with
the relation of
experiment to
the objectives
and clearly
state the
reference
Conclusion not
accurately
relate with the
objective.
Reference
stated
Conclusion not
accurately
relate with the
objective. No
Reference
stated
Beyond ordinary
presentation
with additional
material from
multiple sources
of reference,
consistent
formatting, and
well structured.
Ordinary
presentation
report with
most of
materials
depends on lab
sheet.
Poor
presentation
format and
structure. Very
less effort in
preparing the
report
TOTAL:
11