MP3 JOB

AID
(Primary)

evsjv
Lecture
Sheet -02
AvjvP welq t
evsjv mvwnZ (jvK mvwnZ,Aeq hyM
I AvaywbK hyM)
wecixZv_K k

Head Office :DC Banglow Road,Bogra

Braches: Rangpur,Dinajpur,Mymensingh,Comilla
Contact : 01911517174
jvKmvwnZ t
jvKmvwnZ ejZ RbmvaviYi gyL gyL cPwjZ Mv_vKvwnbx, Mvb, Qov, cev`
BZvw`K eySvbv nq| mvaviYZ Kvb m`vq ev RbMvxi AwjwLZ mvwnZB
jvKmvwnZ| WvK I Lbvi ePb K jvKmwnZi Avw` wb`kb wnmve weePbv Kiv
nq|

jvKMxwZ: jvKmgvRi gyL gyL h MxZ Pj GmQ| GZ Kvb Kvwnbx _vK bv |wekl
wekl fve Aejb GB kYxi Mvb iwPZ|
nvivgwY :weLvZ cvPxb jvKMxwZ msKjb| gyn` gbmyi Dxb wQjb Gi cavb
mv`K|

MxwZKv : GK kYxi AvLvbg~jK jvKMxwZ mvwnZ MxwZKv bvg cwiwPZ|

BsiwRZ ZvK ejv nq evjvW| Ballad kwU divwm Ballet ev bZ k _K GmQ|
Divc cvPxbKvj bvPi mv_ h KweZv MxZ nZ ZvKB Ballad ev MxwZKv ejv nZ|
evsjv`k _K msMwnZ jvKMxwZjvK wZb fvM fvM Kiv nqQ:
K) bv_ MxwZKv : mvi RR Mxqvmb iscyi Rjvi gymjgvb KlK`i KvQ nZ
msMn Ki gvwbKP` ivRvi Mvb bvg cKvk Kib|
L) ggbwmsn MxwZKv : eni gqgbwmsni ecy b`i c~evsk bKvbv,
wKkviM Rjvi nvIi, wej, b`-b`x cvweZ fvwU Aj h MxwZKv weKwkZ nqwQj Zv
ggbwmsn MxwZKv bvg cwiwPZ| Wt `xbkP` mb MxwZKvjv msMn KI
ggbwmsn MxwZKv bvg cKvk Kib | gqgbwmsn MxwZKv weki 23 wU fvlvq
Ab~w`Z nq| DjLhvM MxwZKvi ga iqQ :
K. gqv cvjv : gqgbwmsn MxwZKvi k cvjv|
GwU GKwU

cYq AvLvb| iPwqZv wR KvbvB|

L. `Iqvbv gw`bv : iPwqZv gbmyi e

M. KvRj iLv
M) c~ee MxwZKv : c~ee MxwZKv bvg cwiwPZ MxwZKvjv wKQy c~e
gqgbwmsn _K Ges Aewk MxwZKv bvqvLvjx, PMvg Aj _K msMwnZ| Wt

`xbkP` mb MxwZKvjv msMn Ki c~ee MxwZKv bvg cKvk Kib |

DjLhvM MxwZKvi ga iqQ: wbRvg WvKvZi cvjv,Kvdb Pviv, Kgj mI`vMi|
------------------------------------------------------------------

wewfb cwZhvwMZvg~jK cixvi ckvi t

1.
2.

jvKmvwnZ KvK ej? [28Zg wewmGm]

Di: jvKi gyL gyL cPwjZ Kvwnbx, Mvb, Qov BZvw`K
ggbwmsn MxwZKvi gqv cvjvi iPwqZv K? [26 Zg wewmGm]
Di: wR KvbvB

3.

Ballad wK? [26 Zg wewmGm]

Di: MxwZKv

4.

gqgbwmsn MxwZKv msMn Kib- [cvewjK mvwfm Kwgkb mwPevjq mnKvix mwPet 05]
Di: `xbkP` mb

5.

jvKmvwnZ ejZ wK eySvq? [kg cwi`ii RbmsLv I cwievi KjvY KgKZvt 09]
Di:Qov, Mvb, auvav, cev`cePb

6.

`Iqvbv gw`bv Kvb Kvei AMZ?

Di: gqgbwmsn MxwZKv

7.

gqgbwmsn MxwZKv KZwU fvlvq Ab~w`Z?

8.

Di: 23
nvivgwY wK? msKjK K? [Bmjvgx evsKi mnKvix Awdmvit 03]
Di:cvPxb jvKMxwZ, gyn` gbmyi Dxb

g~jM
/Drm
e`evm
iwPZ
fMeZ
evjxwK
iwPZ
ivgvqY
e`evm
iwPZ
gnvfviZ

Abyev`
mvwnZ
Abye
Abyev`K
v`
M
msZ _K
kxK gvjvai emy
weRq
ivgvqY

gnvfvi
Z

Kwevm
t
c_g
Abyev`K
P`veZxt c_g gwnjv
Abyev`K
Kex` cigki (c_g
Abyev`K),
kxKi b`x, Kvkxivg
`vm (k Abyev`K)

BDmyd
RvjLv

dviwm _K
kvn gyn` mMxi,
Ave`yj
nvwKg,
Mixeyjvn

jvqjx`jZ DRxi evnivg

gRby
Lvb, gyn` Lvqi
Rbvg
Mixeyjvn
v
b~ibvg
Ave`yj nvwKg
v
jeKvIj bIqvwRm Lvb, gn`
x
gyKxg
nvZg
mv`Zzjvn,
mq`
ZvB
nvgRv
AvjvIj t m cqKi, wmKv`i
bvgv,Zvndv,
mqdzjgyjK- ew`Dvgvb
wnw`
cYqvcvLvb _K
Kwe mvab
mZxgq c_g I wZxq L:
iwPZ
bv I
`jZ KvRx

jviP` ZZxq L : AvjvIj

gbvmZ vbx
gvwjK
cve AvjvIj
gyn`
Zx
Rvqmx
iwPZ
c`ygveZ
gyn` Kexi, mq`
gaygvj nvgRv,
gyn`
Zx
Pzni, kvKi gyn`

ivgvwUK cYqvcvLvb t
gahyMi evsjv mvwnZi gymjgvb KweMYi mePq DjLhvM Ae`vb ivgvwUK
cYqvcvLvb| dviwm ev wnw` mvwnZi Drm _K DcKiY wbq iwPZ Abyev`g~jK
cYq KvejvZ c_gevii gZ gvbexq ewk cwZdwjZ nqQ|
kvn gyn` mMxi PZz`k kZKi kl ev c`k kZKi c_g BDmyd RvjLv
Kve iPbv Kivi gvag GB avivi ceZb Kib| wZwb wQjb c_g evOvjx gymjgvb
Kwe| GLvb DjL, BDmyd RyjLv Kvwnbxi cUf~wg wQj Bivb| Kwe `jZ DwRi evnivg
Lvb iwPZ jvqjx-gRby GB avivi Kve| jvqjx I gRbyi cgKvwnbx mviv wek Ryo
cwiwPZ| GB Kvwnbxi g~j Drm Aviwe jvKMuv_v|
AvivKvb ivRmfvq evsjv mvwnZ t
AvivKvbK evsjv mvwnZ ivmvs ev ivmv bvg
DjL Kiv nqQ| evgvi Di-cwg mxgvq Ges PMvgi
`wY mgy`i Zxi Gi Aevb wQj| AvivKvbi Awaevmxiv
mvaviYfve evsjv`k gM bvg cwiwPZ|
`jZ
ivRmfvi Avw` Kwe| AvivKvb ivRmfvi c_g
KvRx
evvwj Kwe| jwKK Kvwnbxi Avw` iPwqZv|
AvjvIj
ivRmfvi mek Kwe| gahyMi mePq DjLhvM gymjgvb Kwe|

Kvikx
gvMb
VvKzi

ivmvivRi cavbgx Ges AvjvIji ccvlK|

P`veZx Kvikx gvMb VvKzi iwPZ GKwU
KveM|

wewfb cwZhvwMZvg~jK cixvi ckvi t

1. AvjvIji Zvndv Kvb aibi Kve? [31Zg wewmGm]
Di: bxwZKve
2. civMjx gnvfviZ LvZ Mi Abyev`Ki bvg wK? [31Zg wewmGm]
Di: Kex` cigki
3. Kwe AvjvIji Rbvb KvbwU? [29Zg wewmGm]
4.

Di: PMvgi Rveiv

evsjv mvwnZi BwZnvm cvPxbZg gymjgvb Kwe- [12Zg wewmGm]
A_ev,

5.

cvPxbZg evvjx gymjgvb Kwe K? [29Zg wewmGm]

Di:kvn gvnv` mMxi
jwKK Kvwnbxi c_g iPwqZv K ? [27Zg wewmGm]
Di:`jZ KvRx

6.

BDmyd-RvjLv cYqKve Abyev` KiQb- [23Zg wewmGm]

7.

Di:kvn gyn` mMxi

wnw` c`ygver Gi Aej^b cveZx Kvei iPwqZv-[17Zg wewmGm]
Di: AvjvIj

8.

gymjgvb Kwe iwPZ cvPxbZg evsjv Kve-- [12Zg wewmGm]

Di: BDmyd RyjLv

evsjv Abyev` Kvei m~Pbv Kvb hyM nq? [Z_ gYvjqi Aaxb Z_ Awdmvit 05]
Di: gahyM
10. ivgvqYi c_g gwnjv Abyev`Ki bvg wK? [Rjv wbevPb Awdmvit 04]
Di: P`veZx
11. ivgvwUK cYqvcvLvb avivi c_g Kwe- [kg gYvjqi Aaxb mnKvix cwiPvjK t 05]
Di: kvn gyn` mMxi
9.

12. BDmyd RyjLv wK RvZxq iPbv? [cvmcvU G BwgMkb Awaaii mnKvix cwiPvjKt 07]
Di: ivgvwUK cYqKve
13. jvBjx-gRby Kvei Abyev`K njb-[`ybxwZ `gb eyivi cwi`kKt 04]
Di: `jZ DwRi evnivg Lvb

14. jvBjx-gRby Kvei DcvLvb Kvb `ki?

Di: Bivb
15. j-B-eKvIjx Mi iPwqZv K?[_vbv mnKvix wkv Awdmvit 04]
Di: gynv` gywKg
16. AvivKvb ivRmfvi c_g evvwj Kwe- [_vbv mnKvix wkv Awdmvi t 05]
Di: `jZ KvRx
17. mZx gqbv I jviP`vbx KvewUi iPwqZv- [mve-iwRvi t 03]
Di:`jZ KvRx
18. gnvKwe AvjvIj Kvb hyMi Kwe? [cwiek eb gYvjqi Aaxb cwiek Awa`ii mnKvix cwiPvjKt 07]
Di: gahyMi
19. AvivKvb ivRmfvi Kwe`i ga k njb- [`ybxwZ `gb eyiv cwi`kKt 04]
Di:AvjvIj
20. gahyMi mePq DjLhvM gymjgvb Kwe K?
Di: AvjvIj

Aeq hyM (1760-1860

wL:)
gahyMi cwiwa 1201 _K 1800 wLv ch weZ ej weePbv Kiv njI
cKZc 1760 wLv GB hyMi mekl Kwe ivqYvKi fviZP`i wZivavbi m
m evsjv Kvei BwZnvm gahyMi Aemvb NU| 1760 wLv fviZP`i gZzi ci
_K 1860 mvj AvaywbKZvi h_v_ weKvki c~e ch GB GKk eQi evsjv
Kvei DrKlc~Y Kvb wb`kb we`gvb bB| gahyMi kl Avi AvaywbK
hyMi ii GB mgqUzKzK Aeq hyM ejv nqQ|

KweMvb
KweMvb `yB ci weZKi gvag AbywZ nZ| KweIqvjv`i ga DjLhvM nQb t
MuvRjv uB : wZwb KweMvbi Avw`i ej cwiwPZ|
fevbx eb, fvjv gqiv, niVvKzi, Kv gywP, GUwb wdwiw, ivgemy, ivmybwmsn, wbZvBeivMx, kxai K_K, bxjgwY cvUbx, ejivg ee, ivgmy`i mvKiv bvgI
weklfve DjLhvM|

cyuw_mvwnZ t

Av`k kZKi wZxqva Aviwe-dviwm kwgwkZ GK aibi wekl fvlvixwZZ h me

Kve iwPZ nqwQj Zv evsjv mvwnZi BwZnvm cuyw_ mvwnZ bvg wPwZ|
KjKvZvi mv QvcvLvbv _K gyw`Z nq GB avivi Kve `kgq cPvwiZ nqwQj ej

eUZjvi cuyw_ bvgI GK wPwZ Kivi cPv PjQ| kvqi`i ga DjLhvM nQb
t
Kwe Kivg `vm : GB avivq c_g Kve iPbv Kib| ivqgj Zuvi Kvei bvg|
dwKi Mixeyjvn : cuyw_ mvwnZi c_g mv_K I Rbwcq Kwe wQjb dwKi
Mixeyjvn| wgk fvlvixwZZ Zuvi iwPZ Kvejv nQ t Avgxi nvgRv (c_g Ask),
Rbvgv, BDmyd-RvjLv, mvbvfvb, mZcxii cuyw_|
mq` nvgRv: wgk fvlvixwZZ Zuvi iwPZ Kvejv nQ t Avgxi nvgRv (2q
Ask),Rbi cyw_, nvZg ZvB| Zvi gaygvjZx KvewU cuyw_ mvwnZi
avivi Abymvix bq, Kwe meZ dviwm Kve _K evbyev` Ki G Kvei ic `b|
gvj gyn`, gyn` LvZi, Avyi iwng bvgI wekl fve DjLhvM|
cuyw_ mvwnZ I KweMvbi mgmvgwqK wewfb KweZv I Mvbi cwiPq gj Zv`i ga Dj LhvM:

UvMvb t

evsjv UvMvbi RbK wQjb wbay evey ev ivgwbwa | Uv _KB AvaywbK evsjv
MxwZKweZvi m~cvZ ej AbKi aviYv|

cvPvjx Mvb t

Dbwesk kZvxi c_gw`K cvPvjx Mvb G`k Rbwcq nqwQj| cvPvjx iPwqZv`i ga
kwkvjx Kwe wQjb `vkiw_ ivq|
------------------------------------------------------------------wewfb cwZhvwMZvg~jK cixvi ckvit
1.
2.
3.

KweIqvjv I kvqii De NU KLb? [33Zg wewmGm]

Dit AvVviv kZKi klva I Dwbk kZKi c_gva
Kwe Mvbi c_g Kwe K? [33Zg wewmGm]
Dit MuvRjv cyU
`vfvlx cyuw_ ejZ wK eySvq? [22Zg wewmGm]
Dit KqKwU fvlvi k eenvi Ki wgwkZ fvlvq iwPZ cyuw_

4.

Avgxi nvgRv Kve iPbv Kib K? [14Zg wewmGm ]

5.

Dit dKxi Mixeyjvn

Kwe Mvb iPwqZv Ges MvqK wnme Giv DfqB cwiwPZ[12Zg wewmGm]
Dit ivg emy Ges fvjv gqiv

6.

eUZjvi cyuw_ ejZ wK eySvq- [12Zg wewmGm]

Dit `vfvlx evsjvq iwPZ cyuw_ mvwnZ

7.

cyuw_ mvwnZi cvPxbZg jLK --[11Zg wewmGm]

Dit mq` nvgRv

8.

`v-fvlx cyuw_ mvwnZi c_g I mv_K KweDit dwKi Mixeyjvn

AvaywbK hyM
evsjv M`i Drcwt
1555 wLv AvmvgivRK jLv KvPwenvii ivRvi GKwU cK evsjv M`i cv
cvPxbZg wb`kb ej gb Kiv nq|
m`k kZvxi klfvM XvKvi f~lYvi Rwg`vicy `vg AvwbI bvgK GKRb `kxq
cvw` iwPZ evY-ivgvb-Kv_wjK-msev` MwU
evsjv M`i cv_wgK
cPvi wb`kb wnmve aiv nq|MwU cZzMvji ivRavbx wjmeb 1743
wLv ivgvb Ai gyw`Z nq| GwU evOvjx jLv c_g gyw`Z M|
ivgvb Kv_wjK cZzwMR cvw` gvbvGj `v AvmmymuvI KZK iwPZ evOjv
cZywMR Awfavb Ges Kcvi kvi A_ f` M `ywU evsjv M`i
cv_wgK cPvi wb`kb wnme DjLhvM| 1743 wLv M `ywU wjmeb
ivgvb nid gyw`Z nq|
1800 wLv kxivgcyi wgkb cm _K g_x iwPZ wgkb mgvPvi MwU
gyw`Z nq| GwU evsjv fvlvq gyw`Z c_g M`M|
evsjv M`ixwZi it
Wt myKzgvi mb evsjv M`ixwZi PviwU i wb`k KiQbc_g i t m~Pbv - lvok kZvx _K 1800 wLvi c~e ch|
wZxq i t Dbl - 1800 (kxivgcyi wgkb) _K 1847 wLvi
(we`vmvMii) c~e ch |
ZZxq i t Afy`q-1847(we`vmvMi) _K 1865 wLvi
(ewgP`i) c~e ch |
PZz_ i t cwibwZ - 1865 (ewgP`) _K eZgvb Kvj ch |
------------------------------------------------------------------

gb ivLv fvj t
ckt

evsjv M`ixwZi m~Pbv nq KLb ?

Dit lvok kZK| (1555 wLv AvmvgivRK jLv KvPwenvii ivRvi GKwU cK
evsjv M`i cv cvPxbZg wb`kb ej gb Kiv nq)|
ckt

evsjv mvwnZ KLb M`i m~Pbv nq??

Di t Dwbk kZK|

wewfb cwZhvwMZvg~jK cixvi ckvi

1.
2.

evsjv mvwnZ KLb M`i m~Pbv nq? [28Zg wewmGm]

Di: Dwbk kZK
evOvwji jLv c_g gyw`Z M evY-ivgvb-Kv_wjK msev`-Gi
iPwqZv K? [kg I Kgmsvb gYvjqi Aaxb mnKvix kg Awdmvi t 03]
Di: `vg Avvwbqv

dvU DBwjqvg
KjR
evsjv`k KgiZ B Bwqv Kvvwbi BsiR KgPvix`i `kxq fvlvq wkv`vbi Rb
ZrKvjxb BsiR kvwmZ fviZi Mfbi Rbvij jW Iqjmwj KZK 1800 wLv 4 g
KjKvZvq dvU DBwjqvg KjR cwZwZ nq| evsjv M` mvwnZ weKvk dvU
DBwjqvg KjRi Ae`vb weklfve DjLhvM| GB KjR 1801 wLv evsjv wefvM
Lvjv nj Aa wnme Avmb kxivgcyi wgkbi cvw` Ges evBeji Abyev`K evsjvq
Awf DBwjqvg Kwi| KjRi Abvb cwZ`i ga wQjb ivgivg emy, gZzq
we`vjvi, MvjKbv_ kgv, ivRxejvPb gyLvcvavq, nicmv` ivq, PxPiY gyb&wk,
ZvwiYxPiY wg|
dvU DBwjqvg KjR
cwZi Ae`vb
gZzq

ewk
wmsnvmb
we`vjvi
wnZvc`k

cevaPw`Kv
e`vPw`Kv
ivRvejx
ivRxejvPb
gnvivR KP` ivqm
gyLvcvavq
Pwis
PxPiY
ZvZv BwZnvm
gyb&wk
ZvwiYxPiY wg IwiqUvj deywj
nicmv` ivq
cyil cixv
MvjKbv_
wnZvc`k
kgv

AvjvPbvi mvimsc t
ckt evOvjx iwPZ c_g gyw`Z M KvbwU ?
Dit `vg AvwbI iwPZ evY-ivgvb-Kv_wjK-msev`
(ivgvb Ai
gyw`Z)|
ckt evi gyw`Z c_g M`M KvbwU ?
Dit g_x iwPZ wgkb mgvPvi|
ckt evOvjx iwPZ evi gyw`Z c_g gwjK M KvbwU ?
Dit ivgivg emy iwPZ ivRv cZvcvw`Z Pwi |

wewfb cwZhvwMZvg~jK cixvi ckvi t

1.
2.
3.
4.

dvU DBwjqvg KjR evsjv wefvM Lvjv nq? [26 Zg wewmGm]

Di: 1801 mvj
ewk wmsnvmb Kvi iPbv? [26 Zg wewmGm]
Di: gZzq we`vjvi
evsjv M` mvwnZ weKvk Kvb cwZvbwUi wekl Ae`vb iqQ?
Di: dvU DBwjqvg KjR
KjKvZvq dvU DBwjqvg KjR cwZwZ nq Di: 1800 mvj

5.

dvU DBwjqvg KjR KZ mvji Kvb ZvwiL vwcZ nq?

Di: 1800, 4 g

6.

Kvb `yBRb dvU DBwjqvg KjRi evsjv M cYqbKvix cwZ?

Di: gZzq we`vjvi I ivgivg emy

7.

dvU DBwjqvg KjR evsjv fvlvi PPv KiZbDi: ivgivg emy

8.

dvU DBwjqvg KjR evsjv wefvMi wkK bq- [

Di: ivggvnb ivq

wn`y KjR I
Bqsej

evsjv mvwnZi weKvk hme wkv-cwZvbi f~wgKv wekl iZc~Y Zvi ga

1817 wLv cwZwZ KjKvZvi wn`y KjR DjLhvM|GB KjRi gvag KjKvZvi
gawe mgvRi mvbiv AvaywbK wkv MnYi h_v_ myhvM jvf Ki| nbwi jyB
wfwfqvb wWivwRI wQjb wn`y KjRi wkK| wWivwRI wkv wQj AvwKZv
nvK, bvwKZv nvK, Kvb wRwbmK c~e _K MnY bv Kiv; wRvmv I wePvi-|
wWivwRIi wklivB Bqs ej bvg cwiwPZ|

wewfb cwZhvwMZvg~jK cixvi ckvit

Bqsej wK? [28 Zg wewmGm]

Di: BsiwR fveavivcy evOvwj hyeK

gnvgWvb wjUviwi
mvmvBwU
Ave`yj jwZd gnvgWvb wjUviwi mvmvBwU bvg 1863 wLv GKwU mvwnZ
mwgwZ MVb Kib| gymjgvbiv BsiwR wkvq wkwZ nvK, ^vaxb wPvavivi
weKvk I ^Kxq Aevi chvjvPbvi gvag RvZxq Rxebi DbwZ mvab KiK --GB
wQj mwgwZi Dk| GB mg cPvi djB `Lv hvq, gymjgvbiv evsjv mvwnZi
mvabvq AvZwbqvM Ki wbR^ ewk cKvk GKvB Zrci nq IV Ges AvaywbK
evsjv mvwnZ cwZv jvf KiZ mg nq|
exq gymjgvb

mvwnZ mwgwZ
evOvwj gawei mvwnZPPv I mvabvi cxVf~wg exq mvwnZ cwil`
cwZwZ nqwQj 1895 mvj| mLvb gymjgvb`i iZ DcwZ
nIqvq 1911 mvj cwZwZ nq exq gymjgvb mvwnZ mwgwZ| Gi cwZvZv`i
ga AbZg wQjb Wt gyn` knx`yjvn, gyn` gvRvj nK, KvRx Bg`v`yj nK,
gIjvbv AvKivg Luv, KgiW gyRvd&di Avng` cgyL| GB mwgwZi cwKv wQj exq
gymwjg mvwnZ cwKv| GB mwgwZi Awdm wQj KjKvZvi 32 bs KjR wU|
XvKv gymwjg
mvwnZ mgvR
1926 wLv XvKvq cwZwZ G msMVbwUi gvag eywi gyw Av`vjbi
mycvZ nq|msMVbwUi cavb jLK wQjb: Ave`yj Kvw`i, KvRx Ave`yj I`y`, Aveyj
mb, Aveyj dRj, KvRx gvZvni nvmb cgyL| XvKv gymwjg mvwnZ mgvRi
gyLcv wnmve 1927 mvj Aveyj nvmbi mv`bvq wkLv cwKv cKvwkZ nq |
cwKvi cwiPvjKiv gb KiZb,vbhLvb mxgve, eyw mLvb Avo, gyw mLvb
Ame| ZvB cwKvwUi cwZ msLvq GK_vwU jLv _vKZ|
KvRx Avyj
I`y`

b`x e
cbv
m
ce

kvkZ e

KvRx
gvZvnvi
nvmb

1974 mvj XvKv wekwe`vjq nZ wWwjU Dcvw` cvb|

1976 mvj RvZxq AavcKi
ghv`vq f~wlZ nb|
miY
ce

Aveyj dRj

ce

mvwnZ mswZ I
Rxeb
mvwnZ I mswZ
mvabv

MM

w`bw
jwc

gvwUi cw_ex

Dcb
vm

Rxeb c_i hvx

ivv cfvZ

iLvwP : MwUi Rb
Av`gwR cyivi cvb|

PwPi
c`xc I cZ

wewfb cwZhvwMZvg~jK cixvi ckvi t

1.

XvKv gymwjg mvwnZ mgvR Gi cwZv Kvb wLv?

Di: 1926

[evwZjKZ 24Zg wewmGm]

2.

kvkZ e MwUi iPwqZv K? [evwZjKZ 24Zg wewmGm]

Di: KvRx Ave`yj I`y`

3.

vb hLvb mxgve, eyw mLvb Avo, gyw mLvb Ame| GB DwwU

Kvb cwKvi cwZ msLvq jLv _vKZ? [16Zg wewmGm]
Di: wkLv

4.

XvKv gymwjg mvwnZ mgvR-Gi cavb jLK wQjb- [15Zg wewmGm]

Di: KvRx Ave`yj I`y`, Aveyj mb cgyL

5.

gymwjg mvwnZ mgvR Gi gyLc wQj-[wegvb I chUb gYvjqi mnKvix cwiPvjKt 05]
Di: wkLv

6.

gyeywi jLK wnmve wekl DjLhvM

Di: KvRx Avyj I`y`

7.

iLvwP Kvi iPbv? [MYgvag BbwwUDUi mnKvix cwiPvjK (eZvi cKkj cwkY)t 03]
Di: Aveyj dRj
8. iLvwP Kvb RvZxq iPbv? [wegvb I chUb gYvqi mnKvi cwiPvjKt 05]
Di: AvZRxebx
ckt mswZi K_v, mvwnZ mswZ Rxeb ,mvwnZ I mswZ
mvabv, mswZi PovB DrivB, mswZi fvv mZy ,
mvwnZ mswZ wPv ,mswZi msKU , mvswZK
mv`vwqKZv, AviY mswZ Mjvi iPwqZv Kuviv?
Dit

mvwnZ mswZ wPv

t Avng` kixd

mvwnZ mswZ Rxeb

t Aveyj dRj

mvwnZ I mswZ mvabv

t Aveyj dRj

mvswZK mvvwqKZv

t e`iwb Igi

mswZi msKU

t e`iwb Igi

mswZ K_v

t gvZvni nvmb Payix

mswZi PovB DrivB

t kIKZ Imgvb

t AvLZvivgvb Bwjqvm

AviY mswZ

t Ave`yi mvvi

cwZvKvj

mswZi fvv mZy

evsjv`k GwkqvwUK mvmvBwU

GwkqvwUK mvmvBwU cwZwZ nq
1784 mvj KjKvZvq|
fviZ wefvMi ci 3 Rvbyhvwi, 1952
cwZwZ nq cvwKvb GwkqvwUK
mvmvBwU| ^vaxbZvi ci Gi bvgKiY Kiv
nq evsjv`k GwkqvwUK mvmvBwU|

Ae`vb

cwZvZv t mvi DBwjqvg Rv

Dk t DbZZi MelYv, gvbyl I cKwZ
m^ Mfxi vb BZvw` Abymvb
2003 mvj evsjv wcwWqv bvg `kLi
GKwU GbmvBKvwcwWqv ei Ki| GZ
my`~i AZxZKvj nZ eZgvb ch
evsjv`ki BwZnvm, HwZn, mgvR,
`kb, A_bxwZ cfwZ welq vb
cqQ| evsjv wcwWqv Gi mv`K
wmivRyj Bmjvg|

wewfb cwZhvwMZvg~jK cixvi ckvi t

1. evsjv`k GwkqvwUK mvmvBwU cwZwZ nq[Zzjv Dbqb evWi KgKZvt 97]
2.

Di: 1952
evsjv wcwWqvi cavb mv`K K? [cavbgxi Kvhvjq cvmvbvj Awdmvit 04]
Di: wmivRyj Bmjvg

3.

Kvb cwZvbi D`vM evsjv wcwWqv cKvwkZ nqwQj?

Di: evsjv`k GwkqvwUK mvmvBwU

evsjv GKvWgx
Aevb
XvKv
wekwe`vjq
PZi
cwZvKvj
3 wWm^i,
1955
cwZvi cvcU
fvlv Av`vjb
evsjv GKvWgx febi
eagvb nvDm
cyivZb bvg
evsjv GKvWgxi c_g
gIjvbv AvKivg Luv

mfvcwZ
evsjv GKvWgxi c_g
cwiPvjK
evsjv GKvWgxi c_g
gnvcwiPvjK

Wt gyn` Gbvgyj
nK
Wt ghnvij Bmjvg

evsjv
Dcbvm
K_v mvwnZ:K_v mvwnZ ejZ Dcbvm I
QvUMK evSvq| Dcbvm I QvUMi AvK
wZ I cKwZMZ ekwKQy cv_K we`gvb|
Dcbvm hLvb eni cwimi Rxebi
c~Yv cwiPq icjvf Ki,mLvb QvUM
_vK Kvb Pwii GKwUgv w`Ki cwZdjb|

evsjv Dcbvmi cwb I cwZ hyM

DcbvmjvZ mgmvgwqK mvgvwRK Rxebi
wP eim mnhvM cwiewkZ nqQ|
Dcbvm Zwii cPv :

KwjKvZv Kgjvjq(1823), beevey

wejvm (1825), bewewe wejvm (1832):
fevbxPiY e`vcvavq iwPZ GB MjvK
Dcbvm Zwii cv_wgK cPv wnmve aiv
nq|
dzjgwb I KiYvi weeiY (1852 mvj) Dcbvm Zwii AviKwU cPv| nvbv
Kv_vwib gvj Gi iPwqZv| GB M wKQy
AvwjK fvlvi cqvM j Kiv hvq|GBRb GB
MK evsjv K_ fvlvi Avw` M ejv nq|
Avjvji Nii `yjvj : evsjv mvwnZi
c_g Dcbvm| cvixPuv` wg GwU iPbv Kib|
GRb ZuvK evsjv mvwnZi Dcbvm avivi
Lv`Kvi kvgmywb gyn` wmwKx
cwZvZv
cyil
ejv
nq|
DcbvmwUi
19 kZKi mvwnwZK|
cKvkKvj-1858| gvwmK cwKvq GwU
c_g gymjgvb M` jLK|
avivewnKfve
cKvwkZ
nq|
ewgP`
Mi bvg DwPZ keY (1860)|
Pvcvavq DcbvmwUi wekl cksmv Kib|
`yMk bw`bx - evsjv mvwnZi
c_g mv_K Dcbvm| ewg Pvcvavq
GwU iPbv Kib| GRb ZvK c_g mv_K
JcbvwmK ejv nq| DcbvmwUi cKvkKvj1865|
AvaywbK evsjv mvwnZi c_g gwnjv
JcbvwmK ^YKzgvix `ex|
Di: L`Kvi kvgmywb wmwKx

wewfb
cwZhvwMZvg~jK
cixvi ckvi t
1.

2.

evsjv GKvWgx cwZwZ

nq KLb? [29Zg wewmGm/ 26Zg wewmGm /16Zg
wewmGm/]
Di: 3 wWm^i, 1955
evsjv GKvWgxi g~j febi
bvg wK wQj? [22Zg wewmGm]
Di: eagvb nvDR

3. fvlv Av`vjbi dj Kvb

cwZvb mw nqwQj?
Di: Bangla Academy (evsjv
GKvWgx)

gymjgvb M`
jLKt

wewfb
cwZhvwMZvg~jK
cixvi ckvit
1. 19 kZKi c_g gymwjg jLKi
bvg-

RxebPwiZ (mxivZ M): nhiZi

Rxebx
wMwikP`
gnvcyilPwiZ : nhiZi Rxebx
mb
msv c_gM|
gvIjvbv
AvKivg Luv
kL Avyi
iwng
BqvKze
Avjx
Payix
Mvjvg gv
dv
gvt IqvR`
Avjx
KvRx bRij
Bmjvg
gvRvj
nK
kL dRjyj
Kwig
Avyi ingvb
Lvu

gvdv PwiZ: k iPbv|

c
e

nhiZ gyn`i RxebPwiZ I

agbxwZ
gvbe gyKzU, b~ibex
(QvU`i Rb)
wekbex
gifvi

Kv
e
M

gifvi (Am~Y Rxebx)

nhiZ gvnv`
cwivY Kve
klbex

wewfb cwZhvwMZvg~jK cixvi ckvi t

1.

Kvb MwU GqvKze Avjx Payix cYxZ? [evwZjKZ 24 Zg wewmGm]

K. gvdv PwiZ
M. wekbex

2.

L. bqv RvwZi mv nRiZ gvnv`

N. gvbe-gyKzU

Di: N

KvbwU nhiZ gyn` (mt) Gi Rxebx M? [22 Zg wewmGm]

Di: gi fvi

3.

gvdv PwiZ Mi iPwqZv- [11 Zg wewmGm]

Di: gvt eiKZDjv

4.

AvKivg Luv iwPZ gvdv PwiZ MwU- [Bmjvgx evsK cekbvix Awdmvit 05]
Di: mxivZ M

5.
6.

gvbe gyKzU MwUi iPwqZv K? [Z_ gYvjqi Aaxb Uwjwfkb cKkjx MW-2t 04]
Di:GqvKze Avjx Payix
wekbex MwUi iPwqZv--[ WvK I UwjhvMvhvM gYvjqi wnmveiY KgKZvt 03]
Di: Mvjvg gvdv

wewfb cwZhvwMZvg~jK cixvi ckvi t

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

evsjv K_ fvlvi Avw` M KvbwU? [29 Zg wewmGm]

Di: dzjgwY I KiYvi weeiY
K_v mvwnZ ejZ KvbwU evSvq? [Rwic Awa`ii mnKvix mycvwibUbWUt05]
Di:QvUM I Dcbvm
Kvb MwU evsjv mvwnZ Dcbvm iPbvi c_g cqvm?
Di: KjKvZv Kgjvjq
evsjv fvlvi c_g JcbvwmK K? [Z_ gYvjqi Aaxb mnKvix cwiPvjKt 04]
Di: cvixPvu` wg
evsjv Dcbvm avivi cwZvZv cyil njbDi: cvixPuv` wg

6.

evsjv fvlvi c_g Dcbvm KvbwU? [kg cwi`ii RbmsLv I cwievi KjvY KgKZvt 09]
Di: Avjvji Nii `yjvj

7.

Avjvji Nii `yjvj-Gi jLK K? [`~hvM eevcbv eyivi mnKvix cwiPvjKt 01]
Di: cvixPuv` wg

8.

evsjv mvwnZi c_g gwnjv JcbvwmK K?

Di: ^YKzgvix `ex

Kvwjc
mb
wmsn
f~`e
gyLvcva
vq
B`bv_
e`vcva
vq
Zvivki
e`vcva
vq

KvRx
Bg`v`yj
nK
gvRv
j nK

bwRei
ingvb

c_gbv_
wewk
bIqve
dqRyb
mv
PayivYx
AZ
gjegb
Avey
Rvdi
kvgmyw
b
gvq~b
Kwei
Avyi
ivvK
w`jviv

weLvZ Dcbvm
Kvwjcmb AbymZ fvlv ixwZK

Zvgx evsjv ej|

Zzg cvPvi bKkv
HwZnvwmK Dcbvm
KZit evsjv mvwnZi c_g e
Dcbvm|
qx Dcbvmt MY`eZv , avx`eZv,
cMvg |
GKwU Kvjv gqi K_v :
gywhywfwK|
Kwe AiY ew nuvmyjx
euvKi DcK_v
Ave`yjvn :(1933) agxq Mvovgx I
Kymsvi AvQb ZrKvjxb gymwjg
gawe mgvR GK Kymsvigy hyeKi
jovB wP| gvmjg fviZ cwKvq c_g
cKvwkZ nq|
Rvniv : ZrKvjxb gymwjg mgvRi
Abvq
AbvPvii wP|Kbvi gZvgZ
AMvn Ki weq w`Z wMq h
`yfvMi mw ZvB DcbvmwUi
DcRxe|
Avbvqviv (1914): MvgxY Rxebi
cUf~wgKvq iwPZ G Dcbvm evOvwj
gymjgvb m`vqi cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK
wP dzU DVQ|
Kix mvnei gyw
Zvi `vbkxjZvi Rb ewUk miKvi
ZvKbIqve Dcvwa `q|
i~cRvjvj : AvZRxebxgjK Dcbvm|
wZZvm GKwU b`xi bvg
c`v gNbv hgybv

b`x I bvix
Kbv Kygvix
Ni gb I Rvbvjv

nvmg
L`Kvi gvnv` Bwjqvm t KZ Qwe KZ Mvb
cg`
cvK
wg
ikx`
Dg cyil
Kwig
kIKZ
Iqvwik c`vl cvKZRb
Avjx
Kzjvq KjvmvZ
Lvb
Abvw_bx: jLKi c_g Dcbvm|
gynv`
gvCbyw
b
nvQb
jvK wmy
ivRv
igk `
eweRZv

gvaexKb
Rxeb cfvZ

Rxeb mv
PviwU DcbvmB wQj HwZnvwmK|
PviwUiB NUbv NUQ gyNj kvmbi
GKkZ eQii ga| GRb PviwU GKmv_
msKwjZ nqwQj kZel bvg|
Bg`v`yj
eviv iKgi gvbyl icbMi
nK wgjb
mvivejv
mZb
cvci mvb

mb
Awfm bMix
mi`vi
AbK m~hi Avkv
RqbDw wea iv`i XD
b
YKyg
wgevi ivR
vix `ex
Ab`vk
mZvmZ
i ivq
Zvivbv_ Mvcvavq t YjZv
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK t AvbcvwL
gvq~b
cvK mvi Rwgb mv` ev`
AvRv`
Rivm
jnKcvU

Rb ivLv fvj t
ckt

Kvb wZbwU DcbvmK GK qx Dcbvm ejv nq?

Di t Zvivki e`vcvavqi qx Dcbvm : MY`eZv, avx`eZv I cMvg|

ewgP` Pvcvavqi qx Dcbvm : mxZvivg , `ex PayivYx I Avb`gV|
ckt
Di t

gevi ivR I gevi cZb Mjvi iPwqZv Kuviv?

gevi ivR (Dcbvm)
gevi cZb (bvUK)

ckt

t YKygvix `ex

t wR`jvj ivq|

AwfhvwK Mi iPwqZv K?

Dit

AwfhvwK (Kve) t eMg mywdqv Kvgvj

AwfhvwK (Dcbvm) t wef~wZf~lY e`vcvavq|

ckt
Dit

Rbbx Dcbvmi iPwqZv K?

Rbbx (Dcbvm) t gvwbK e`vcvavq
Rbbx (Dcbvm)

t kIKZ Imgvb|

------------------------------------------------------------------

wewfb cwZhvwMZvg~jK cixvi ckvi t

1.

Ave`yjvn DcbvmwUi jLK K? [29Zg wewmGm]

Di: KvRx Bg`v`yj nK

2.

KvbwU Dcbvm? [27Zg wewmGm]

K. bZzb Puv`
M. MwjKv

3.

L. Kbv Kzgvix
N. bgwmm

Di: L

Dg cyil Dcbvmi iPwqZv K? [25Zg wewmGm]

Di: ikx` Kwig

4.

b`x I bvix Kvi iPbv? [20Zg wewmGm]

Di: gvq~b Kwei
Zvg cuvPvi bKkvi iPwqZv K? [mve-iwRvit01]
Di: Kvjxcmb wmsn

5.

Zvgx M`i jLKi bvg wK? [mnKvix _vbv wkv Awdmvit 09]
Di: Kvjxcmb wmsn

6.
7.
8.

nuvmyjx euvKi DcK_v DcbvmwU Kvi jLv?

Di: Zvivki e`vcvavq
beve dqRybmv Payix iwPZ eBwUi bvgDi: icRvjvj
icRvjvj bvg AvZRxebx K wjLwVjb? [_vbv mnKvix wkv Awdmvit 95]
Di: bIqve dqRybmv PayivYx

9.

Avbvqviv Kvb aibi M? [we Avi wU G mnKvix cwiPvjKt 05]

Di: Dcbvm

10. Avbvqviv Dcbvmi iPwqZv K? [gvawgK we`vjq mnKvix wkKt 06]

Di: bwRei ingvb mvwnZiZ

11. Avbvqviv DcbvmwU wLxq KZ mvj c_g cKvwkZ nq?
Di: 1914 mvj
12. wZZvm GKwU b`xi bvg Kvb aibi wkKg?
Di: Dcbvm
13. wZZvm GKwU b`xi bvg DcbvmwUi iPwqZv K?
Di: AZgj egY
14. Rvniv Dcbvmi iPwqZv njb - [DcRjv wbevPb Awdmvit 08]
Di: gvRvj nK
15. KZ Qwe, KZ Mvb Gi jLK
Di: L`Kvi gvt Bwjqvm
16. fvmvbx hLb BDivc eBwUi jLK- [XvKv wekt N BDwbU: 08-09]
Di: L`Kvi gvnv` Bwjqvm
17. Kix mvnei gywi jLK njbDi:cg_bv_ wewk
18. Abvw_bx Kvb jLKi c_g Dcbvm? [_vbv mnKvix wkv Awdmvit 99]
Di: Lvb gynv` gCbywb
19. jvK wmz DcbvmwUi iPwqZv K? [_vbv mnKvix wkv Awdmvit 99]
Di: nvQb ivRv
20. Iqvwik DcbvmwUi jLK nQb-Di: kIKZ Avjx
wecixZv_K
k
A
AKg
AM
Y
AMR
APj
A
Avb
AvZ
AwZe
AwZK
w
vq

KgV
cvr
AbyR
mPj
we /
vb
cv
wew`Z
/vbx
Abvew
y`Kvq

Ab
Abyi
AbyivM
AbyM
Abyjvc
n
AbyKj
Awbe
AcPq
vY
AcY

mv
wei
weivM
wbMn
cwZjvc
cwZK~j
wbevY
DcPq/
cZcY
mq
/ MnY

A_
A_x
AwaZ
AwaK
Kv
A
A
Ai
i
Abkb
Av
Avuw
AvKl
V
AvKz
Y
AvgY
b
AvMv
AvM
AvMg
AvPvi
b
AvUK
AvZx
Avw`
q
Av`
Av`vb
Av`i
AvbK
Avcb
viv
B
BZi
B
BQv
Bw`
C
q
Clr
Clv
D
DM
DwPZ
DP
DRvb
DRvi
DZiv
Dg
bv
DgY
D

Dvb

Ab_
cZ_x
DcZKv
A
Pzvb
ewni
evwni
Akb

AevP
AeZiY
xb
Awf
Afq
AgZ
Akvw
AjxK

Ajm

kuvm
weKlY
cmviY
cwZiv
Mvov
/
wcQ
Mgb
AbvPvi
Qvo
AbvZxq
wbwl

`vb
Abv`i
/c`vb
cyivbv
ci

Avwef
AvekK
ve
Avwej
Avevnb
Ave
Avg`vw
Avq
b
Avjm
Avjv
Avkq
Avkv
Avmw
Avv
Avw
AvivnY
K
Avnvi

cvPxb
DiY
Abwf
fq
Mij
ckvw
eve/
cwikgx/
mZ
KgV
wZivfve
AbvekK
Abvwej
wemRb
gy/
ivwb
Dby
eq
PUcU
AKvi
wbivkq
(wZwgi)
wbivkv
eivM/
Abvv
wbivmw
bvwK
AeivnY
Abvnvi

f`
Awb
AwbQv
AZxw`
q
AwaK
cxwZ

B`vwbs
B`vbx
BnjvK
b
Bnv

Z`vwbs
Z`vbx
cijvK
b
Dnv

Cv
C`k

Abxv
Zv`k

mg
AbywPZ
bxP
fvwU
ficyi
Zjvbv
Aag
AagY
kxZj
cZb

Da
DbZ
DbwZ
DbxZ
DcKvi
DcwPK
DcwZ
xlv
Dei
Dxjb
D

Aat
AbybZ/
AebwZ
bZ/AebZ
AebwgZ
AcKvi
AcwPKxl
AbycwZ
v
Abyei/
wbgxjb
Eli
kxZj

D`q
D`vi
DZ
D`xqg
F
vb
FRy
G
Guo
H
HwnK
I
Iv`
K
KKk
KRv
KzwU
KZ
j
K
Kwb
wg
KcU
Kvjv
L
qvZ
LuvR
Luvw
LuyZ
U
LvZK
M
Mu
MnY
qv
i
i
Mie
N
NvZ
Nb
P
Pvjy
PvjK
PZb
wPb
R
q
RvM
Rb
Z

A
msKxY
webxZ /
Acm~qg
bg
vb
e /
ewg
eKbv

DrK
DrKl
Drmvn
Drcw

AcK
AcKl
wbirmvn
webvk

cviwK

Gjvg
jv
HK

kvMi`

IVv

MvQvb
v
wef` / A
bK
bvgv

Kvgj
AKRv
mij
K
^vfvweK
ZN
R
AcKU
ZvjKvbv

Kjv
Kzjxb
wi
K
Kzo
Kwo
wqz
xqgvb
wc

mybvg
AR
K /
KzwV
Kvgj
ewaz
eagvb
gi

wbLuvR
f~qv
wbLuyZ
/fRvj
gnvRb

L`
Liv
LqiLu
wLowK
v

cmbZv
QvIqv
`vkgb
wmsnvi

ki
eRb
wkl
jNy
jv

Mnx
Mvg

MjMn
MwZ

mbvm
eb
x
e
cwZcvj
wwZ

cwZNvZ
Zij

Ni
NvUwZ

evi
evowZ

APj
PvwjZ
APZb/ Ro
gbq

Pcj
Pj
Pwiev
wPivqZ
b

Mxi
wbj
Pwinxb
K`vwPr

wbw`Z
gZz

Rq
Rvqvi

civRq
fvUv

Rxwe
Rxeb
Z
RbvK
Rvr
xY
Rvw
mv
S
Z
Svby
U
UvUK
Uvb
v
Uvbv
V
wVK
W
Wve
WvMi
v
Z
Zvc
Z
Zzwn
Zvj
b
ZviY
ZRx

wZi
ZzLv
vi
ZwiZ
o
`
`viK
`xN
(cy)
`~i
`yi
`qvjy
`Iqv
`vZv
`vb
`bv
a
abx
abev
b
big
bZzb
bvw
bKj
K

gZ
giY
Rbweij
Agvemv
AKvi

RZv
Riv
wR`ve
Rvwjqv
v`
Rg
Z

VKv
heb
gy`vev`
mb
vei

Avbvwo

Szbv

KwP

evwm
wXjv
cvob

UMeM
wUjv
wUgw
Ug
VybKv

g`v
L`
RjRj

Wvbwc
V

kv

Zbq
Z`c
wZ
Zi
wZhR
wZwgi
Z`v
Zvgwm
Zivw
K
^Z
`yej
`yjf
`vl
`vlx
`wY/
`y
Wvb
`y
`my
wZ

gbq
h`c
gayi
mvay
FRy / mij
AvjvK
RvMiY
(cfv)
ivRwmK
wejw^Z

wbab/`
abnxb
wi`/

ag

Aag

k
cyivZb
AvwK
Avmj

bki
wbivKv
bvq
i
wbgj

kvkZ/
mvKvi
Awebki
Abvq
cwj

ewVK
fvmv
QvU/
euU
kZ
kxZj
D
eZvj
evaK
g`v/g`v
cyivi
/wbR
fuvZv
k_
`ywnZv
n^
wbKU
kv
wb`q
bIqv
MnxZv/
MnY/
KcY
cvIbv
cwZ`vb

gReyZ

cej/ mej
myjf
Y
wb`vl
evg/ Di
wk
myKwZ
Fwl

bmw
c
MK
cvc
cvcx
cvBK
cvBK
vi
cvjK
vwi
c_
cUz
cyiv
e
i
eb
e
e`v
evPvj
e
ev`x
wev
weR
b
wewa
Zv
f
f~Z
fuvZ
f~^v
v
g
gx
gbxlv
gvb
gvbx
gmY
gnr
wgj
h
hk
hy
i
iMY
ivM
j
jvj
jvf
jwN
jvNe
k
kv
kvmK

Kwg

bw`Z

wbw`Z

cyY
wbvc
dwoqv
LyPiv
cvwjZ
wec_
AcUz
wZivi

c~RK
cksm
cek
v
cwZf
cfy
vkxj
cKZ
cew
cmb

weiZ
enkZ
evKv
e_
eywg
webxZ
vb
evj

c~R
Kzrmv/
cvb
wb`v
cwZfvnx
fZ
b
weKZ
wbew
welb

fvex
Avivj/PvL
/fwelr
f~wgnxb
v

fxi
fxZz
fq

wbfxK
mvnmx
mvnm

wbeva
Acgvb
gvbnxb
ezi
bxP
Miwgj

wgjb
g~L
g`y
gNjv
gayi
gmY

wein
MY
cej
dimv
wZ
ezi

Achk
wehy

hvRK
hRgvb

cYvjx
cyivwnZ

my
bxivM/^
v
Kvj
wZ/
Mwi
jvKmvb
Mie

ivM
ivgQv
Mj
jNy
jx
jvqK
jvRyK

weivM
cvwZQvMj

Akv
kvwmZ

wk
kxhy

Awk
kxnxb

gyw
gy
ee`ve
^fvlx

weev`x
gyL
wewRZ
wbla

iZ / wbiZ
`vhL
PvjvK
mv_K
eywnxb
AwebxZ
cqvRbx
q

i
Ajx
bvjvqK
wXU,VUv

kv
k
k~b
m
mP
mdj
mej
mij
m^j
mgw
miKvi
kvjx
mw
x
mvay
mvKv
mykxj
i
mybR
n
i
niY
uk
nvev
nvwm

Akv
wg /ez
c~Y

kxN
kxZ

wej^
Mx

wb
wedj
`yej
KzwUj
wbtm^j
mgwnx
emiKvix
b
asm
Zi/Pvi
wbivKvi
`ytkxj
KzbRi

m`q
mim
m`
mnhv
mgw
M
mykx
my
my`i
msKxY
msw

mzw
mskq
PZ

wb`q
bxim
wec`
AmnhvM
/Avc`
ew
wekx
RvMZ
KzrwmZ
D`vi/ ck
weZ

cmvwiZ
cZq

c~iY
euk
mqvb
Kvbv

nvj
nvjKv
wnZ
nvm

envj
fvwi
AwnZ
ew

wi
yj
vei

^bv
veK
^M
gx

Pj
Kk
Avei /
Z
Rg
ebvgx
biK

^Kxq
^Z
^vaxb
wZ
q
z`

ciKxq
ciZ
civaxb
we
weq
wZ
enr