CONFIDENTIAL* MALAYSIAN UNIVERSITY ENGLISH TEST \. NMA I Seer NMALAYS MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA (MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL) Instructions to candida DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. There are forty-five questions in this test. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer. Indicate your answer on the separate answer sheet given. a Read the instructions on the answer sheet carefully. Attempt all questions. This question paper consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages. © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2016 MUET 2016 - 800/3/M [Turn over *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 2 Questions 1 10 7 are based on the following passage. 4 People everywhere are living longer, according to the World Health Statistics 2014 Published by World Health Organisation (WHO). Based on global averages, a girl who was born in 2012 can expect to live to around 73 years, and a boy to the age of 68. This is six years longer than the average global life expectancy for a child bom in 1990, WHO's annual statistics report shows that low-income countries have made the greatest progress, with an average increase in life expectancy by nine years from 1990 to 2012. The top six countries where life expectancy increased the ‘most were Liberia which saw a 20-year increase (from 42 years in 1990 to 62 years in 2012) followed by Ethiopia (from 45 to 64 years), Maldives (58 to 77 years), Cambodia (54 to 72 years), Timor-Leste (50 to 66 years) and Rwanda (48 to 65 years). “An important reason why global life expectancy has improved so much is that fewer children are dying before their fifth birthday,” stys Dr Margaret Chan, WHO Director-General. “But there is still a major rich-poor divide: People in high-income countries continue to have a much better chance of living longer than people in low-income countries.” Figure 1: Life expectancy at birth for men and women in 2012, by country income group 35 0 804 758 a9 70 wo 50 40 30 20 10 o+ 762 és 5 Male Female [7 High-income countries EEEd Upper-middle-income countries Lower-middle-income countries Low-income countries ‘Wherever they live in the world, women live longer than men. The gap between male and female life expectancy is greater in high-income countries where women live around six years longer than men. In low-income countries, the difference is around three years. “In high-income countries, much of the gain in life expectancy is due to success in tackling non-communicable diseases.” says Dr Ties Boerma, Director of the Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems at WHO. “Fewer ‘men and women are dying before they get to their 60th birthday from heart disease and stroke. Richer countries have become better at monitoring and managing high blood pressure for example.” Declining tobacco use is also a key factor in helping people live longer in several countries. 10 (Adapted from World Health Statistics, 2014) MUET 2016 - 800/3/M “This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 3 1 According to WHO, a boy bom in 1990 can expect to live until the age of 62. A True B False © Notstated 2 From 1990 to 2012, Cambodia showed an increase of life expectancy by nine years. A True B False C Notstated 3. There is a major gap between rich and poor countries in terms of life expectancy since parents in richer countries have fewer children. A True 7 B False © Not stated 4 Fewer children under the age of five are dying because parents’ income has increased. A True B False © Notstated 5 Figure I shows that a boy bom in 2012 in a high-income country can expect to live to the age of about 72. A True B False C Not stated 6 Women live longer because fewer of them smoke. A Tre B False C Not stated 7 In low-income countries, it is more difficult to control communicable than non-communicable diseases, A True B False C Not stated MUET 2016 - 800/3/M [Turn over * This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 4 Questions 8 to 14 are based on the following passage. 1 Could nature tourism be bad for wild animals’ health? It is an idea that has been suggested in a recent report that tested for stress hormones in orangutan excrement. Researchers from the University of Indiana and eco-tourism group Red Ape Encounters spent 14 years studying two apes in Sabah, Malaysia, which were used to seeing humans. By testing the animals’ faeces they found that the orangutans’ stress levels were higher than normal the day after coming into contact with humans. “As for the unknown wild orangutans that we were also able to gather samples from, we found numerically, but not statistically, higher stress hormone levels in these animals following contact with researchers than in the rehabilitated animals,” said Michael Muehlenbein, of the University of Indiana and one of the authors of the report. Muehlenbein is keen to point out that there was no indication from the study of any long term changes in behaviour of the orangutans, as Red Ape Encounters limits the number of people on their tours to seven and the visits to one hour. Yet Pathological effects like impaired cognition, growth and reproduction could be a consequence of less sensitive wildlife tours, believes Muehlenbein. As the value of eco-tourism increases each year, so too do the chances of money being more important than animal welfare. However Liz Macfie, gorilla coordinator for the Wildlife Conservation Society and co-author ofthe Intemational Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) “Best Practice Guidelines for Great Ape Tourism” believes that most eco-tour companies are trying to do the right thing. “More and more sites are trying hard to minimise the impact on the animals,” she said, pointing out the success of conservation and tourism projects with mountain gorillas in central Africa. “Mountain gorilla tourism is one of the reasons they have continued to flourish. They are the only sub-species of gorilla whose number is actually growing and they are visited by tourists on a daily basis. “The gorillas are worth more to Rwanda, Uganda and Congo because of the tourism. Not just the value of the tour, but the money the tourists then put into the local economy. So they have a monetary value.” Yet Mactie is aware that only a limited number of sites could have the success seen with mountain gorillas. As long as travellers are aware of the environmental impact of the tours they take, and operators are adhering to the principles of the TUCN guidelines, Macfie believes that the growth in eco-tourism is generally positive. “Tourists don’t all want to drive around a savannah park with hundreds of other vehicles, and I think that's the same with ape tourism,” she said. Sometimes there can be over one hundred people crowded around feeding stations, looking at two or three orangutans that have come in. In that situation there's great potential for disease transmission and interaction between humans and orangutans.” (Adapted from Orangutans stressed by ec MUET 2016 - 800/3/M *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. 10 15 28 30 35 40 yurists, CNN, March 26, 2012) CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 5 8 Stress hormones can be found in animal faeces. A True B False C Notstated 9 There are many wildlife tours that consider the impact of human contact on orangutans. A True B False C Not stated 10 Not many visitors are interested to go on wildlife tours. A True B False C Not stated 11 Eco-tourism companies are considered ethical although A. there appears to be an impact on the animal welfare B_ monetary considerations seem to outweigh the welfare of the animals The Best Practice Guidelines for Great Ape Tourism are not strictly followed 12 Paragraph 5 illustrates the success story of A. conservation efforts and tourism B_ inter-government efforts and wildlife conservation C the breeding of animals and growing number of tourist sites, 13. An increased number of tourists to savannah parks could lead to A. overfeeding of the apes B_ too much interaction between humans and apes C the spread of diseases between humans and apes 14 What is Macfie’s attitude towards eco-tourism in general? A. She is optimistic about the development of eco-tourism, B_ She is apprehensive of tour operators’ commitment to the IUCN guidelines. She is sceptical about the awareness of eco-tourists regarding the environment. MUET 2016 - 800/3/M {Turn over *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 6 Questions 18 to 21 are based on the following passage. 1 Take a close look at your fingertips. Use a magnifying glass if you have to. Look at the whorls, loops and arches. If you have a concentric whorl, high chances are that you have high levels of initiative, enthusiasm and determination. You may also be independent, competitive and bossy. A tented-arch is a sign of a good leamer but it may also indicate impulsiveness. A loop pointing towards the thumb signifies ‘an easy-going personality but at the same time, you could also be one sensitive soul. If youhave a combination of all three, there is a high chance that you possess ‘multiple characteristics and may even be volatile. Welcome to the world of “dermatoglyphics” or, in short, the business of self-discovery through the study of one’s fingerprints. Explaining how it all works is Marcus Leng, 29, from GeneCode Intemational, which makes use of totell a lie to make a guess to describe in detail vow to make up a reason e advice given in the last paragraph is for all to keep away from influences Th A B_ identify others trying to influence you C__be aware of influences and to try to resist them D be conscious of the existence of influences and tactics used The intention of the writer is A. tocentertain B_ to motivate C to persuade D to enlighten MUET 2016 - 800/3/M This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the testis over. CONFIDENTIAL*con FIDENTIAL* 15 Questions 38 to 48 are based on the following passage. MUET 2016 - 800/3/M “This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. It is easy to see why economists would embrace cities, warts and all, as engines of prosperity. It has taken longer for environmentalists. By increasing income, cities increase consumption and pollution too. If what you value most is nature, cities look like concentrated piles of damage — until you consider the alternative, which is spreading the damage. From an ecological standpoint, says Stewart Brand, founder of the Whole Earth Catalog and now a champion of urbanisation, a back-to-the- land ethic would be disastrous. Cities allow half of humanity to live on around four per cent of the arable land, leaving more space for open country. Per capita, city dwellers tread more lightly in other ways as well, as David Owen explains in Green Metropolis. Their roads, sewers, and power lines are shorter and so use fewer resources. Their apartments take less energy to heat, cool, and light than do houses. Most important, people in dense cities drive less. Their destinations are close enough to walk to, and enough people are going to the same places to make Public transit practical. In cities like New York, per capita energy use and carbon emissions are much lower than the national average. Cities in developing countries are even denser and use fewer resources. But that is mostly because poor people do not consume a lot. Dharav, Mumbai's largest slum, may be a “model of low emissions,” says David Satterthwaite of London's International Institute for Environment and Development, but its residents lack safe water, toilets and garbage collection. So do perhaps a billion other city dwellers in developing countries. And it is such cities the United Nations (UN) projects, that will absorb most of the world’s population increase between now and 2050 ~ more than two billion people. How their governments respond will affect us all. Many are responding the way Britain did to the growth of London in the 19° century By trying to stop it. A UN survey reports that 72 per cent of developing countries have adopted policies designed to stem the tide of migration to their cities. But it is a mistake to see urbanisation itself as evil rather than as an inevitable part of development, says Satterthwaite, who advises govemmments and associations of slum dwellers around the world. “I don’t get scared by rapid growth,” he says. “I meet African mayors who tell me, “There are too many people moving here!” I tell them, “No, the problem is your inability to govern them.” The fear of urbanisation has not been good for cities, or for their countries, or for the planet. In 1971, as Seout’s population was skyrocketing past five million, its leader surrounded the city with a wide greenbelt to halt further development, just as London had in 1947. Both greenbelts preserved open space, but neither stopped the growth of the city; people now commute from suburbs that leapfrogged the restraints. “Greenbelts have had the effect of pushing people farther out, sometimes absurdly far,” says Peter Hall, a planner and historian at University College London. Brasilia, the planned capital of Brazil, was designed for 500 000 people; two million more now live beyond the lake and park that were supposed to block the city’s expansion. When you try to stop urban growth, it seems, you just amplify sprawl. 10 15 30 35 40 (Turn over CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 16 38 39 40 ‘Sprawl preoccupies urban planners today, as its antithesis, density, did a century ago. London is no longer decried as a tumour. Greenbelts are hardly the cause of sprawl; most cities do not have them. Other government policies, such as subsidies 45 for highways and home ownership, have coaxed the suburbs outward. So has that other great shaper of the destiny of cities — the choices made by individual residents, Sprawl is not just a Westem phenomenon. By consulting satellite images, cold maps, and census data, Shalom Angel, an urban planning professor at New York University, has tracked how 120 cities changed in shape and population density 50 between 1990 and 2000. Even in developing countries most cities are spreading out faster than people pour into them. What is driving the expansion? Rising incomes and cheap transportation. “When income rises, people have money to buy more space,” Angel explains. Developing cities will inevitably expand, says Angel. Somewhere between the 55 anarchy that prevails in many today and the utopianism that has often characterised urban planning lies a modest kind of planning that couldsmake a big difference, It requires looking decades ahead, Angel says, and reserving land, before the city ‘grows over it, for parks and a dense grid of public-transit corridors. It starts looking at growing cites in a positive way ~ not as diseases, but as concentrations ofhuman 60 energy to be organised and tapped. (Adapted from National Geographic, December 2011) ‘The main idea of paragraph 1 is A. the benefits of cities cities lifting people out of poverty city dwellers require fewer resources coe city dwelling being the solution to the population boom Which of the statements is true of paragraph 2? Curbing urban migration is an effective policy. ‘Mumbai is a model city of environmental conservation. London has been successful in managing the inflow of migrants. caw Most cities in developing countries are overcrowded because of poor planning. In paragraph 2, the main concern is the > lack of basic facilities in the cities creation of more slums in the cities increasing flow of migration into the cities vow authority’s response to the rapid growth of the cities MUET 2016 - 800/3/M *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 7 41 Which of the following is Satterthwaite’s opinion? A. Growth of cities is an essential part of development. B_ There are too many people moving into the cities. C Urbanisation is bad for developing countri D_ There is a need to supervise city dwellers. 42. The following are the effects of greenbelts except A. expanding sprawls B_ preserving open spaces C restricting city development D increasing commuting into the cities 43. antithesis (Line 43) can best be replaced by A’ comparison B characteristic € direct opposite D clear distinction 44 Which of the following has the least impact on sprawl? A. Greenbelts B_ Rising income © Personal choice D_ Home ownership subsidy 45. The article ends with ‘A. a suggestion to plan ahead B_ awaming of overcrowding C arecommendation for more parks D a justification for developing more public transportation MUET 2016 - 800/3/M. [Turn over “This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*