Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PRELIMINARY
In the Government Regulation No. 35 of 1991 on the river is mentioned
that the rivers are the places and containers as well as water drainage networks
ranging from the spring to the estuary with restricted right and left and
pengalirannya along the demarcation line. Each river has the potential to
experience water pollution. Water pollution, according to Government
Regulation No. 82 of 2001 is the introduction of living creatures, substances,
energy, and other components into the water or changing the order of water by
human activities, so the quality of the water changed as a result of human
activities, causing water quality decreases to a certain level so that water can
not function again for this purpose (Mulia in Sutriyana, 2005). Contaminated
or failure of a river can be seen from the quality of the river water According
Efendi (in Sutriyana, 2003) the quantity of water can be expressed by physical
parameters (temperature, turbidity, dissolved solids, etc.), chemical parameters
(pH, dissolved oxygen, COD, BOD , levels of metals and others) as well as
biological parameters (where plankton, bacteria, fish and so on).
Gandong river is one of the eight largest rivers in Magetan which has a
length of 180.10 km which stretches along six districts, namely of districts
Plaosan, Poncol, Magetan, Sukomoro, Bendo, Jiwan until Mangunharjo.
Gandong river is one of the rivers in Magetan classified as polluted rivers. The
river was polluted because the river has become a dumping ground of liquid
Water Quality
0.00 to 3.75
Excellent
3.76 to 4.25
Very kind
4.26 to 5.00
Kind
5.01 to 5.75
5.76 to 6.50
polluted
Somewhat worse
6.51 to 7.25
Poor
7.26 to 10.00
once polluted
Pollution Levels
Not polluted
Organic materials
Slightly polluted
Organic materials
some organic
materials
Quite a bit much
polluted many
polluted very
much
Poor weight
organic materials
Station I
(Upstrem)
Station II
(Central)
Station III
(Downstream)
0,19 m/s
0,16 m/s
0,29 m/s
29,5 cm
6,1 mg/L
25 0C
7
27,38 cm
5,8 mg/L
26 0C
7
28,4 cm
5,9 mg/L
25 0C
7
Average
0,21 m/s
28,42 cm
6 mg/L
260C
7
deviation
deviation
deviat
deviatio
Temperature
ion 3
n3
Organic
Chemistry
If naturally
outside of that
pH
mg/
L
6-9
6-9
6-9
5-9
range, it is
determined by
natural
conditions
BOD
COD
DO
mg/
L
mg/
L
12
10
25
50
100
Numeral
minimum limit
grouping the waste of the characteristics of adjacent, in this process the waste
is channeled into one channel towards the well waste collection to perform pretreatment (to remove the content of chromium, solids, fats or oil and for
neutralization of waste). (2) the process of pumping wastewater to the pat-pit
for the separation of fats and oils contained in the waste, separate oil removed
from the system, while the wastewater still contains chromium will be
separated using klafier, and the latter is (3) control characteristics waste. After
going through three processes, wastewater into the WWTP. In WWTP effluent
is processed again through several stages of sewerage into the integrated
WWTP. In the first stage of waste put into equalization tank in this tank waste
will be stabilized its characteristics.
Based on Astutis research conducted in the River Gandong Magetan in
2009 obtained haasil pH of 7.5, BOD amounted to 115.6 mg / l, COD is 274.1
mg / l, TSS of 58 mg / l, amounting to 0.432 Sulfide mg / l, ammonia amounted
to 1,872 mg / l, Krom of 0.314 mg / l, oils and fats of 5.1 mg / l ", based on
these studies we can conclude that the levels of BOD5, COD, oils and fats and
ammonia levels still exceed the limit threshold set by the Government of East
Java through the Java Guvernor Rule No.52 2014. Improprieties results of this
liquid waste is also supported by laboratory tests conducted by the
Environment Agency (BLH) Magetan on February 24, 2015 which confirmed
that the quality of effluent WWTP LIK District Magetan does not comply with
existing standards.
Table 4. Tabel Astutis research in Gandong Research
Parameter
BOD5
COD
TSS
The total of
chromium (Cr)
Oils & Fats
NH3-N(Amonia
Total)
Sulfida (sbg S)
pH
Measurements on the
results of WWTP
effluent LIK
(mg / L)
115,6
274,1
58
0,314
0,60
5,1
5,0
1,872
0,5
0,432
7,5
0,8
6,0 - 9,0
bonding between the CO and NH 3 of each amide bond. PGA is water soluble
and highly hygroscopic, it can lead to concentrations in solution although at
low concentrations. PGA is known to have a high affinity for metal ions as
electrons silence has. Basically, the PGA is used as a flocculant, the water
cleaning method called flocculation.
Flocculation is a combination of mixing and stirring or agitation that
produces aggregation will settle after the addition of flocculants. Flocculation
included in the physical processes that lead to increased interparticle collisions
that trigger the formation of large particles, in this process polluted water be
stirred and within 1 to 2 hours of large particles will settle. This process occurs
slowly, but occurs continuously during particles suspended in the water mix, so
that larger particles will move towards the process of sedimentation. Efforts to
reduce the pollutants contained in the water can be achieved by flocculation.
The basic idea of flocculation is to precipitate floc - floc with the addition of
flocculants.
Flocculation cause an increase in the size and density of the coagulated
particles,so it is resulting the deposition of particles floc faster. The rate may
be further accelerated by the addition of flocculants. Flocculant is a compound
that is used to form a compound of pollutants that easily settles or compounds
which have a larger size with a chemical reaction. Flocculants are typically
used in the process of flocculation is alum (Al2 (SO4) 3, lime (CaO), and
polyaluminium chloride (PAC). Flocculants can also be a polyelectrolyte such
as polysaccharides and sour poliamino produced or excreted by bacteria during
the growth of the bacteria. Roles PGA as bioflokulan also be able to bind
pollutants in the water (BOD and COD) resulting in water with good quality.
The use of alum, lime and PAC as flocculants has several drawbacks, namely:
(1) the use of alum and PAC, causing the water to become acidic due to the
formation of sulfate in water of 550 mg / L which can impair human health if
consumed. acids can also result in corrosion of objects of metal, (2) the
formation of acid resulting in the need neutralizing, ie NaOH, becoming more
so as uneconomic, (3) chalk can make the water hardness due to calcium ions.