Computers

1. Define computers?
A computer is a programmable machine or device that performs pre-defined or
programmed computations or controls operations that are expressible in
numerical or logical
terms at high speed and with great accuracy.
(Or)
Computer is a fast operating electronic device, which automatically accepts and
store
input data, processes them and produces results under the direction of step by
step program.
2. Why computer is known as data processing system?
Any process that uses a computer program will enter data and summarize,
analyze or
otherwise convert data into usable information. The process may be automated
and run on a
computer. It involves recording, analyzing, sorting, summarizing, calculating,
disseminating
and storing data. Thus Computer is known as data processing system.
3. What is Data and Information?
Data - Data is the fact or raw material for the information processing.
Information The processed data is called information.
4. What are the basic operations of Computer?
1) It accepts data or instructions by way of input.
2) It stores data.
3) It can process data as required by the user.
4) It gives results in the form of output.
5) It controls all operations inside a computer.
5. Give the applications computer?

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1. Define modulation?
Modulation is a process by which some characteristics of high frequency carrier
signal is varied in accordance with the instantaneous value of the modulating signal.
2.What are the types of analog modulation?
Amplitude modulation.
Angle Modulation
1. Frequency modulation
2. Phase modulation.
3.Define depth of modulation.
It is defined as the ratio between message amplitude to that of carrier amplitude.
m=Em/Ec

4. What are the degrees of modulation?

Under modulation. m<1
Critical modulation m=1
Over modulation m>1
5.What is the need for modulation?
Needs for modulation:
Ease of transmission
Multiplexing
Reduced noise
Narrow bandwidth
Frequency assignment
Reduce the equipments limitations.
6.What are the types of AM modulators?
There are two types of AM modulators. They are
Linear modulators
Non-linear modulators
Linear modulators are classified as follows
Transistor modulator
There are three types of transistor modulator.
Collector modulator
Emitter modulator
Base modulator
Switching modulators
Non-linear modulators are classified as follows
Square law modulator
Product modulator
Balanced modulator
7.Give the classification of modulation.
There are two types of modulation. They are
Analog modulation
Digital modulation
Analog modulation is classified as follows
Continuous wave modulation
Pulse modulation
Continuous wave modulation is classified as follows
Amplitude modulation
Double side band suppressed carrier
Single side band suppressed carrier
Vestigial side band suppressed carrier
Angle modulation
Frequency modulation
Phase modulation
Pulse modulation is classified as follows
Pulse amplitude modulation
Pulse position modulation
Pulse duration modulation
Pulse code modulation

Digital modulation is classified as follows

Amplitude shift keying
Phase shift keying
Frequency shift keying
8.What is single tone and multi tone modulation?
If modulation is performed for a message signal with more than one frequency
component then
the modulation is called multi tone modulation.
If modulation is performed for a message signal with one frequency component then
the
modulation is called single tone modulation.
Reference: http://seminarprojects.com/Thread-computers-2-marks-questionsanswers#ixzz3jXAGcWc1

1. Define Network.
A network is a set of devices connected by physical media links. A network is
recursively is a connection of two or more nodes by a physical link or two or more
networks
connected by one or more nodes.
2. What is a Link?
At the lowest level, a network can consist of two or more computers directly
connected
by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical
medium is called as
Link.
3. What is a node?
A network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some
physical medium
such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Links and
the computer it
connects is called as Nodes.
4. What is a gateway or Router?
A node that is connected to two or more networks is commonly called as router or
Gateway. It
generally forwards message from one network to another.
5. What is point-point link?
If the physical links are limited to a pair of nodes it is said to be point-point link.
6. What is Multiple Access?
If the physical links are shared by more than two nodes, it is said to be Multiple
Access.
7. What are the advantages of Distributed Processing?
a. Security/Encapsulation
b. Distributed database
c. Faster Problem solving
d. Security through redundancy
e. Collaborative Processing

8. What are the criteria necessary for an effective and efficient network?
a. Performance
It can be measured in many ways, including transmit time and response time.
b. Reliability
It is measured by frequency of failure, the time it takes a link to recover from a
failure,
and the networks robustness.
c. Security
Security issues includes protecting data from unauthorized access and virues.
Reference: http://seminarprojects.com/Thread-computers-2-marks-questionsanswers#ixzz3jXAR605d