Energy Resources and management

Lecture : Overview & Introduction

Dr. Muhammad Asim

Motivation
Energy is the largest component of the global economy.
Patterns of energy use are a fingerprint of society, and of our
impact on the environment. Dramatic differences exist.
Science & technology matters: energy resources and technologies
shape cultures, economies, and international relations.

Policy and society matters: vastly different ways exist to use energy
to achieve economic, industrial, and household goals. [Same
energy policy, when applied, makes a huge difference.]
Energy issues require a new form of interdisciplinary thinking
and analysis.
We are in a unique era in the history of energy use & impact on
society and on the planet.
First, the entire course in one slide (for your fast learners)

Course Outline
Energy and Power: Forms of energy: Mechanical energy, electrical
energy, chemical energy, nuclear and thermal energy.
Perspectives of world & local energy production and consumption,
types of energy resources (Renewable & Non-renewable,
conventional & non-conventional, commercial & Non-commercial).
Theory and application of different energy resources (Biomass,
solar energy, wind energy technology, energy from hydropower, v.
geothermal and other natural sources, fossil fuels
Environmental impacts of energy production and utilization.
Economic incentives of energy resources.
Importance of energy conservation.

What is energy?

What is energy?
Energy is the ability to do work, and work is moving
something against a force, like gravity.

Unit:
Joule

What is power?

Forms of Energy
Mechanical energy
Electrical energy
Chemical energy
Nuclear energy
Thermal energy

 Mechanical energy
Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic and potential
energy in an object that is used to do work. In other
words, it is energy in an object due to its motion or
position, or both.

 Mechanical energy
The iron hammer on its own has no kinetic energy,
but it has some potential energy (because of its
weight).
To drive a nail into the piece of wood (which is
work), he has to lift the iron hammer up, (this
increases its potential energy because if its high
position).
And force it to move at great speed downwards
(now has kinetic energy) to hit the nail.
The sum of the potential and kinetic energy that the
hammer acquired to drive in the nail is called the
Mechanical energy, which resulted in the work done.

 Electrical energy

 Chemical energy

 Chemical energy

 Nuclear energy

 Nuclear energy

 Thermal energy

 Thermal energy

Summary: Forms of Energy

Energy Stocks & Flows for the Earth

ER100 Lecture 1: page 20

ER100 - Lecture #3 - Page 20

World Energy (155,000 TWh/year)

World Energy Consumption (By Source, 145000TWh)

World Electricity generation (25000TWh)

Pakistan Energy Consumption

Primary Energy Consumption by Source(2015)

593TWh/year

GAS

2%
6%

OIL

10%
50%

HYDRO
ELECTRIC

32%
COAL

NUCLEAR

Pakistan Energy Consumption

Oil and Gas

Pakistan crude oil reserves = 342 million barrels

With current R/P = 15 years

Oil and liquids consumption annual = 105 million barrels

66% of total demand Oil is imported
Natural gas reserves = 803 billion m3
With current R/P = 27 years
Daily Gas Supply (Demand) =113(170-225) million m3

66% of total demand Gas is imported

Pakistan Energy Consumption

Coal

Pakistan Coal reserves = 186 billion tons

Coal consumption (Annual) = 9 million tons

45% of total demand Coal is imported

Pakistan Energy Consumption

Electricity generation (100 TWh/year ) by fuel type (2015)
1%
3%
Hydel
33%

Fossil fuels

Nuclear

Wind

63%

Pakistan Energy Consumption

Actual (2010-14) & projected (2015-19) Electricity peak
demand & supply (2014)
30000
Supply (MW)
Demand (MW)
25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0
2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Pakistan Energy Consumption

Upcoming electricity generation projects by fuel type
Completion Year

Fuel

Capacity (MW)

2014-2018

Gas

6747

Oil

425

Solar

1000

Hydroelectric

4222

Coal

3960

Nuclear

600

Wind

650

Total/ Fossil fuels

17604/11132

Pakistan Energy Consumption

Electricity consumption by economic group 2013-14
Others, 5.5%
Public Lighting,
0.5%
Agriculture, 11.4%

Domestic, 46.9%

Industrial, 28.9%

Commercial, 6.7%

Pakistan Energy Consumption

Activities most affected by power outage
Cooling/Heating
2% 2%
Studies (home work )of childern
8%
25%

Preparation for work/school

Regular household
work(cooking,cleaning)

13%

water shortage

income generating activities (home

based)

15%

18%

Social activities

Entertainment, Leisure

17%

Energy Poverty:
Forecasts of Little Improvement
There are 1.4 billion people lacking access to electricity today
Based on current trends, 1.2 billion people will still lack access in 2030
Another 1+ billion have intermittent/unreliable access

October 2011
ER100 Lecture 1: page 32

rael.berkeley.edu
UN General
Assembly resolution 65/151

ER100 Lecture 1: page 33

United Nations Secretary Generals High Level Commission on

Sustainable Energy for All
(SE4All, http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org/)

Universal Access to Modern Energy Services

Doubling the Rate of Improvement in Energy Efficiency
Doubling the Share of Renewable Energy in Global
Energy Mix

China Racing Ahead of U.S. in the Drive to Go Solar

Major U.S. Public R&D programs

red=defense, black=space, orange=health, blue=energy

Energy Resources
Renewable
Non-renewable
Conventional
Non-conventional
Commercial
Non-commercial

Energy Resources
Renewable

Energy Resources
Non-renewable

Energy Resources
Conventional

Energy Resources
Non-conventional

Energy Resources
Commercial

Energy Resources
Non-commercial