MIMO

Global Service Delivery Unit

09. 12. 2013

Contents

MIMO Overview

Transmission Modes in LTE

Reality in MIMO

MIMO Overview

Transmission Modes in LTE

Reality in MIMO

Why MIMO
Improve capacity(Spectral Efficiency)
Extended Coverage

16
14

bps/Hz

No allocation of extra
spectrum
High peak data rates

18

12
10
8
6
4
2

R6

LTE SIMO

LTE 2x2

LTE 4x4

<Spectral Efficiency(DL)>

Multiple Antenna Concept

Antenna Configurations

<SISO>

<SIMO>

<MISO>

<MIMO>

Diversity
Applications

Same data on all the pipes

Increased coverage
Improve link quality
- Frequency

- Time

- Space

Spatial Multiplexing
Basic concept

h11
Data stream 1

Data stream 1

x1(t)

y1(t)

h22

Data stream 2

Data stream 2
y2(t)

x2(t)

Invert

-1

Beamforming
Conventional Propagation

Beamforming

UE1

UE1

UE2

UE3

UE2

UE3

Entity relations
Add
CRC
(24bit)

Upper
Layer

Divide
Turbo
into
Coding
Code
(1/3)
Blocks

Transport
Block

MAC layer

Modula
Scramble
tion
(C-RNTI,
(QPSK
PCI)
16QAM
64QAM)

Codewords
Codewords
(1~2)
(1~2)

Precoding to
Modulation
symbol in
each layer

Layer
Layer
(1~4)
Layer
(1~4)
Layers
(1~4)
(1~4)

PHY layer

Map to Assign
the
the
Antenna Symbol
ports
to RBs

Antenna
Ports

Generati
ng
OFDM
signal

Air

Physical Channel Processing

3GPP TS 36.211
Overview of Physical Channel Processing

Scrambling

Modulation
Mapper

Resource Ele,
Mapper
Layer
Mapper

Codewords

Scrambling

Precoding

ANT ports

Resource Ele,
Mapper

Modulation
Mapper

Modulation
Mapper

Resource Ele,
Mapper
Layer
Mapper

Codewords

Scrambling

Modulation
Mapper

OFDM signal
Generator

Data Stream

Single Input Single Output(SISO)

Scrambling

OFDM signal
Generator

OFDM signal
Generator

Precoding

ANT ports

Resource Ele,
Mapper

OFDM signal
Generator

Physical Channel Processing

Data Stream

Tx Diversity
Scrambling

Modulation
Mapper

Resource Ele,
Mapper
Layer
Mapper

Codewords

Scrambling

OFDM signal
Generator

Precoding

ANT ports

Modulation
Mapper

Resource Ele,
Mapper

OFDM signal
Generator

Modulation
Mapper

Resource Ele,
Mapper

OFDM signal
Generator

MIMO(2X2)
Scrambling

Layer
Mapper

Codewords

Scrambling

Modulation
Mapper

Precoding

ANT ports

Resource Ele,
Mapper

OFDM signal
Generator

Physical Channels and Signals for MIMO

Reference Signals

<Downlink>

Channel

Description

DL

PDSCH

Reference Signal

UL

PUCCH

CQI, PMI, RI

Periodic

UL

PUSCH

CQI, PMI, RI

Aperiodic

CQI(Channel Quality Indicator)

: Modulation of Coding Scheme
Rank Index
: Number of transmission layers
PMI(Precoding Matrix Indicator)
: Preferred coding matrix
DMRS(PUCCH/PUSCH)
: Channel estimation/demodulation

<Uplink>

SRS(Last symbol of a sub frame)

: Uplink channel quality evaluation

Remark

DCI Format
Format

Description

Scheduling a PDSCH codeword. Only a single transport block can be

scheduled

1A

Used for scheduling a PDSCH codeword. Only a single transport block can
be scheduled

1B

Used for scheduling a PDSCH codeword with Rank-1 assignment

1C

Compact scheduling of a PDSCH codeword. A single transport block can be

scheduled using resource allocation type2 distributed always

1D

Used for scheduling Multi-user MIMO cases

Used for scheduling of PDSCH in closed loop spatial multiplexing

2A

Used for scheduling of PDSCH in open loop spatial multiplexing

2B

Dual layer transmission, port7, 8 or single antenna port 7, 8

2C

Eight layer transmission, port 7 + n

MIMO Overview

Transmission Modes in LTE

Reality in MIMO

Transmission Mode
Uplink Feedback

DCI format
(C-RNTI)

SISO, SIMO

CQI

1/1A

R8

Transmit Diversity(OL), MISO,MIMO

CQI

1/1A

R8

Spatial Multiplexing(OL) with Large Delay

CDD

CQI, RI

1A/2A

R8

Spatial Multiplexing(CL), SU-MIMO

CQI, RI, PMI

1A/2

R8

Spatial Multiplexing(CL), MU-MIMO

CQI, PMI

1A/1D

R8

Spatial Multiplexing(CL), Single layer

CQI, PMI

1A/1B

R8

Single Layer Beamforming(SISO, SIMO)

CQI

1/1A

R9

Dual Layer Beamforming

CQI, Configurable

1A/2B

R10

Eight Layer Spatial Multiplexing

CQI, Configurable

1A/2C

Mode

Release

R8

Description

Transmission Mode
Mode #1

Mode #2

ABC

ABC

ABC

ABC

CQI

Single Antenna Transmission

(SISO, SIMO)

CQI

Transmit Diversity

Transmission Mode
Mode #3

ABCDEF

DEF

ABC

ABC

Mode #4

ABCDEF

DEF
CQI, RI

Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing

(CDD, SU-MIMO)

CQI, RI, PMI

Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing

(SU-MIMO)

Transmission Mode
Mode #5

Mode #6

Layer 1
Layer n

Single Layer
(Rank 1)
CQI, PMI

Multiple User MIMO

(Single Layer per UE)

CQI, PMI

Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing

Transmission Mode
Mode #7

Mode #8#9

CQI

Single Layer Beamforming

ABC
DEF

UE Beam weighting

DEF

UE Beam weighting

ABC

2/8 layers

CQI

Multi Layer Beamforming

Utilization of TM

High

Mobility

TM#1/#2/#7

Low

TM#3
(OL)
TM#5
(CL)
TM#4
(CL)
Small Cell
(urban)

TM#6
(CL)
TM#8/#9
(High Usage)

Distance

Large Cell
(Rural)

TM
#

Cell Size

Mobility

Line of sight

Large

Diversity

Small/Medium

CDD

Small

Fixed Internet/
In-building

Small/Medium

(Low data)
M2M

Large

Line of sight

Large

High Usage

Large

High Usage

Remark

MIMO Overview

Transmission Modes in LTE

Reality in MIMO

Antenna type

Tx Rx1/2
Receive Diversity

2x2 MIMO

4x4 MIMO

MIMO Test
At low speed
OL MIMO 2x2
CL MIMO 2x2
Tx Diversity 2x2
SISO

BLER

Throughput

100

10-1

10
SNR[dB]

20

10-2

10
SNR[dB]

20

International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol: 12 No: 03

MIMO Test
At high speed

OL MIMO 2x2
CL MIMO 2x2
Tx Diversity 2x2
SISO

BLER

Throughput

100

10-1

10
SNR[dB]

20

10-2

10
SNR[dB]

20

International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol: 12 No: 03

MIMO Constraints

Power Assumption

Pilot Overhead

High SNR Needed

High Complexity on Scheduler/Receiver

Conclusion

Many options for MIMO applications

MIMO is one of the key enablers for broadband
wireless system
TM Customization depending on Operator
environment and vendor
Consideration of antenna reuse