4.

Ovary
Crassulaceae

of

several

free

or

nearly

free

carpels;

succulent

herbs

4. Ovary of a singlecarpel or of several united ones.

5. Ovary 1 -celled.
6. Erect, normally unbranched trees with milky juice, largepalmately lobed
leaves,
dioecious
flowers,
and
large,fleshy,
many-seeded
fruits
Caricaceae
6. Shrubs, trees, or woody vines with watery juice;small,usually perfect
flowers;
undivided
leaves;
and
small
1-seeded
fruits.
Myrsinaccae
5. Ovary several-celled; trees.
6. Styles
Ebenaceae

or

stigmas

6.
Stylesand
Sapotaceae

stigmas

distinct;flowers
united;

mostly

flowers

unisexual;

mostly

juice

water

perfect;juicemilky.

3. Stamens fewer than the lobes of the regular corolla and alternate with them;
woody
shrubs
or
vines
Oleaceae
3. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla in regular flowers and alternate
with the lobes, or sometimes fewer in irregular flowers.
4. Carpels distinct,at least below, sometimes united at the apex by the
styles;plants with milky juice.
5. Styles united; stamens distinct; pollen of loose grains; shrubs,
trees,
Apocynaceae

or

woody

vines

5. Styles distinct, united by the stigma only; stamens usually united; pollen
united in waxy masses or the grains in groups of four; herbs or vines
Asclepiadaceae
4. Carpels entirelyunited.
5. Ovary 1-celled.
6. Flowers irregular.

7. Aquatic submerged herbs with inflated bladder-like leaves, or

delicate,unbranched, leafless or nearly leafless herbs growing in damp places
Lentihulariaceae
7.
Terrestrial
Gesneriaceae

herbs

or

shrubs

with

broad

leaves.

6. Flowers regular or nearly so; erect unbranched herbs with

Oppositeleaves
Gentianaceae
5. Ovary 2- or falsely4-celled.
6.
Loganiaceae

Leaves

with

stipulesor

stipularscars

6. Stipulesnone.
7. Flowers regular.
8. Herbs with radical leaves and small scarious flowers in dense elongated
spikes;capsules
small.
Plantaginaceae
8. Flowers not scarious nor in dense spikes;
9.

Fruit

berry

Solanaceae
9. Fruit capsular.
10. Ovules and seeds few 1 or 2 in each cell;mostly
twining-vines
Convolvulaceae
10. Ovules many; erect, herbaceous or woody plants,rarely vines.
11.
Scrophulariaceae

Stamens

11. Stamens 5.
12.
Hydrophyllaceae
12.
Solanaceae

Styles

2,
Styles

distinct
united

9. Fruit drupaceous or on achene, or of 2 or 4 nutlets.

Boraginaceae
7. Flowers irregular; stamens 4, in 2 pairs, or sometimes 2 only.
8. Fruit drupaceous or an achene, or of two to four 1-seeded nutlets.
9.
Verbenaceae

Style

apical;ovary

not

lobe

9. Style arising between the four lobes of the ovary;

plants often aromatic and frequently with 4-angled
stems
Labiatae
8. Fruit capsular, dehiscent or indehiscent.
9. Ovary with axile placentae.
10. Capsules opening elasticallyfrom the apex; seeds
usually supported on a curved hook (retinacula);
leaves
Acanthaceae

mostly

opposite.

10. Capsules not opening elastically;retinacula none.

11.

Leaves

always

alternate;

capsule

fleshy.

Solanaceae
11. Leaves mostly opposite,sometimes whorled;
12.

Seeds

without

endosperm

with

endosperm.

Pedaliaceae
12.
Scrophulariaceae

Seeds

9. Ovary with parietalplacentae.

10.
Gesneriaceae

Seeds

minute;

leaves

always

10. Seeds large, often winged, in dehiscent capsules,or

if indehiscent then wingless and imbedded in pulp;

simple.

leaves
Bignoniaceae

mostly

compound.

2. Flowers not in dense heads.

3. Stamens attached to the corolla.
6.
Loranthaceae

Parasitic

6.
Cucurbitaceae

shrubs;

stipulesnone

Tendril-bearing

vines

6. Herbs, shrubs, vines, or trees with opposite leaves, watery

juice,the
Rubiaceae
6.
Herbs
Campanulaceae

stipulesalways
without

present;

stipulesor

tendrils,usually

tendrils

none.

with

juice.

milky

3. Stamens free from the corolla.

4. Stamens and pistildistinct.
5.
Cavipanulaceae

Corolla

5.
Goodeniaccae
4.
Stamens
Stylidiaceae

regular

Corolla
and

pistilunited

into

irregrular
a

column;

small

herbs.

2. Flowers crowded in dense heads.

3. Heads not involucrate; leaves opposite, stipulate;flowers regular;
anthers
Rubiaceae

free

3. Heads surrounded by an involucre composed of many bracts; leaves

various; flowers regular or irregular; anthers united; fruit an achene
Compositae