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BLDC Motor
DC motors - highly efficient - Only drawback commutator and brushes - subjected to wear and tear require maintenance.
Brushless DC motors - When the functions of commutator
and brushes implemented by means of solid state switches maintenance free motors realized.
Mechanical commutator
When a commutator segment comes in contact with the brush,
current flows through the section of the winding connected to
the DC supply through commutator and brushes.
Commutator serves the purpose of switching current from one
section of the armature winding to the other at correct instant.
Electronic commutator
In BLDC Motor, PM field rotating, stationary armature
supplied by an inverter controlled by shaft position
sensing signals.
Static inverter Solid state switches does the function of
Commutator - Electronic commutator.
This facilitates operation of a BLDC motor as a versatile
variable speed DC motor having no mechanical
commutator and brushes.
Maintenance free motor - BLDC motor.
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Principle of operation
The stator windings are fed from a three phase inverter. When
the stator windings are energized, a rotating magnetic field is
created, which will attract the rotor poles. So, for continuous
rotation of rotor, the windings must be energized in a particular
sequence based on the rotor position.
Rotor position is sensed using Hall sensors. Based on the
combination of these three Hall sensor signals, the exact
sequence of commutation can be determined.
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Table 1
Rotor
position
HA
HB
HC
IA
IB
IC
Switches
00 - 600
Q1 & Q4
600 - 1200
Q1 & Q2
1200
1800
Q5 & Q2
2400
Q5 & Q0
2400 - 3000
Q3 & Q0
3000
Q3 & Q4
1800
3600
HA
HB
HC
IA
IB
IC
Switche
s
00 - 600
Q1 & Q4
1200
Q1 & Q2
1200 - 1800
Q5 & Q2
1800 - 2400
Q5 & Q0
2400
3000
Q3 & Q0
3000 - 3600
Q3 & Q4
600
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Rotor
position
HA
HB
HC
IA
IB
IC
Switche
s
00 - 600
Q5 & Q2
1200
Q1 & Q2
1200 - 1800
Q1 & Q4
1800 - 2400
Q3 & Q4
2400
3000
Q3 & Q0
3000 - 3600
Q5 & Q0
600
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Torque-Speed Characteristics
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