Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Final Exam
May 12, 2014, 7-10pm, 4 LeConte
6 problems 180minutes 100points
m
2
h2
30points
from a one-dimensional -function potentials.
A Find the reflection coefficient from a single -function spike at the origin: V (x) = (x), with > 0. What
m
does the condition E 2
imply?
h2
B Now two more -functions are added to the potential, one to the left and one to the right of the origin:
V (x) = [(x + a) + (x) + (x b)] , with > 0.
Find the the relative positions of the potential spikes (a and b) that maximize the reflection coefficient from
this triple spike potential.
C How does the reflection coefficient in the arrangement of part B compare to the reflection coefficient from a
single -function potential?
Problem 4 orbital angular momentum two
15points
A quantum particle is known to be in an orbital with l = 2. You can use the eigenstates of Lz , the z-component of
orbital angular momentum, as a basis of this l = 2 subspace and denote them |2 ml i.
A What are allowed values of ml ?
2, L
z, L
+, L
, L
x , and L
y in this basis.
B Find matrix representation of the operators L
15points
A What are the possible values of the total angular momentum quantum number j?
B If the electron is in a state with the lowest j (among those which you found in part A), what are the possible
results of a measurement of Jz , the z-component of the total angular momentum?
z , the z-component
C Suppose that your measurement of Jz in part B resulted in mj = j. If you now measure L
of the orbital part of angular momentum, what are the possible outcomes?
Problem 6 noncommuting operators
10points
A Prove that two noncommuting operators cannot have a complete set of common eigenfunctions.
B Derive the upper limit of the the expectation value of a commutator of two operators, i.e. derive the the
generalized uncertainty principle.
You may need to use the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality:
hf | f i hg | gi | hf | gi |2 ,
which holds for any |f i and |gi in a inner product space.
Mathematical Formulas
Trigonometry:
sin(a b) = sin a cos b cos a sin b
cos(a b) = cos a cos b sin a sin b
Law of cosines:
c2 = a2 + b2 2ab cos
Gradient operator:
1
1
~ = x
+
y +
z =
r +
+
x
y
z
r
r
r sin
Laplace operator:
2 =
2
2
2
1
+ 2+ 2 = 2
2
x
y
z
r r
r2
+
r2 sin
2
sin
+ 2 2
r sin 2
Integrals:
Z
1
x
sin(ax) cos(ax)
2
a
a
Z
1
x
x cos(ax) dx = 2 cos(ax) + sin(ax)
a
a
x sin(ax) dx =
Exponential integrals:
xn ex/a dx = n! an+1
Gaussian integrals:
Z
x2n ex
/a2
dx =
x2n+1 ex
/a2
(2n)! a 2n+1
n!
2
dx =
n! 2n+2
a
2
Integration by parts:
Z
f
a
dg
dx =
dx
Z
a
b
df
g dx + f g
dx
a
Fundamental Equations
Schr
odinger equation:
ih
|i
|i
=H
t
Time-independent Schr
odinger equation:
|i = E |i , |i = |i eiEt/h
H
Hamiltonian operator:
2
2
= p + V = h 2 + V
H
2m
2m
1 exp( ipx ),
h
2
h
(x) = hx | i ,
d
(p) = hp | i , hx | p | i = ih dx
(x)
Momentum operator:
px = ih x
, py = ih y
, pz = ih z
dhQi
i D E
=
[H, Q] +
dt
h
Q
t
[A, B]
A B
2i
Canonical commutator:
[
x, px ] = ih, [
y , py ] = ih, [
z , pz ] = ih
Angular momentum:
x, L
y ] = i
z , [L
y, L
z ] = ihL
x , [L
z, L
x ] = ihL
y
[L
hL
Raising and lowering operator for angular momentum:
p
= L
x iL
y , [L
+, L
] = 2
z, L
|l, mi = h
L
hL
l(l + 1) m(m 1) |l, m 1i
Raising and lowering operator for harmonic oscillator:
a
=
1
(m
x
2
hm
i
p), [
a , a
+ ] = 1, a
+ n =
n + 1n+1 , a
n =
0
1
1
0
,
y =
0
i
i
0
,
z =
1
0
0
1
nn1
1/sqrt(4!) x
1/sqrt(4!)x