KPDS Yds

KPDS, YDS
Sorular
Turkish State Foreign Language Exam
Questions in English
2006 2013
www.englishinturkey.com
2006
May
A
NGLZCE
5. Solar heating never ---- in the US because of the
cost and limited winter sunlight in most areas.
1. 15. sorularda, cmlede bo braklan yerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) caught on
D) waited on
1. The laws concerning the breeding of animals for

research could turn out to be to the ---- of medical
research.
A) admission
B) detriment
D) preference
B) played up
C) turned over
E) looked back
C) exclusion
E) cohesion
6. Having read so many contemporary American

writers, I ---- to feel impatient with the kind of
fiction that ---- in England.
2. At present, interest rates are comparatively ----;

lets hope they remain that way.
A) frequent
B) uneasy
C) consecutive
D) comprehensive
A) was beginning / will have been written

B) had begun / has been written
C) have begun / would have been written
E) steady
D) would begin / is being written

E) began / was being written
3. In some parts of Western Europe, ---- in France,

Denmark and Sweden, cohabitation has become
almost as common as marriage.
A) completely
B) deceptively
D) voluntarily
C) notably
E) relatively
7. Cross-border shopping is a fundamental right
under EU law and ---- as a form of tax evasion.
A) must not have been regarded
B) had not been regarded
C) should not be regarded
4. What are some of the things that differentially

affect siblings and help ---- their success or
failure?
A) pursue
B) recognize
D) determine
D) would not have been regarded

E) was not being regarded
C) recreate
E) reinstate
Dier sayfaya geiniz.
A
NGLZCE
12. ---- little respect the British people may feel for
the monarchy, they are still not likely to change
to a republic.
8. He certainly ---- party members last weekend

when he announced that he ---- to regain his
party chairmanship.
A) As far as
A) has shocked / had not sought
B) Whatever
D) However
B) would have shocked / will not seek
C) Such a
E) Just as
C) had shocked / would not have sought

D) was to shock / is not seeking
E) shocked / would not seek
13. All of the worlds major national parks are

included on the map, ---- are most of the
important reserves of lesser status.
9. The 1980s ---- a surge of new interest ---- the

definition of intelligence.
A) have brought / to be expanding
A) as
B) had brought / having expanded
B) as well
D) which
C) were bringing / to have expanded
C) such
E) that
D) brought / in expanding
E) would have brought / to expand
14. His latest novel is about people who take their

work seriously, ---- thats being a mother, a nurse
or a soldier.
10. For decades presidents have been coming ---plans to deal with the fact that one day the world
will run ---- its key source of energy: oil.
A) up with / out of
B) out of / up against
C) down to / away from
D) up for / through
A) even so
B) as if
D) besides
C) unless
E) whether
E) over to / into
15. Hviz is Europes largest warm-water lake and

visitors can swim there even in winter, ---- helps
extend the tourist season.
11. Philosophers have debated the relation ---thought and emotions ---- at least two millennia.
A) from / over
B) over / in
C) between / for
D) in / by
A) thus
B) which
D) too
C) nor
E) so
E) through / to
A
NGLZCE
16. 20. sorularda, aadaki parada numaralanm yerlere uygun den szck ya da
ifadeyi bulunuz.
ifadeyi bulunuz.
The term emotional intelligence was probably first

used in an unpublished dissertation in 1986. In 1990
it (16) ---- into the field of scientific psychology,
defined as the ability to monitor (17) ---- and others
feelings, to (18) ---- among them and to use this
information to guide ones thinking and action. The
concept developed (19) ---- a growing emphasis on
research into the (20) ---- of emotion and thought.
Should a vote in Los Angeles count more than a vote

in Montana? Thats one question raised (21) ---- an
analysis of Census Bureau data conducted by
researchers at the Centre for Immigration Studies
(22) ---- found that nine congressional seats (23) ---to different states in 2000, if noncitizens, (24) ---illegal aliens, had been excluded from the counts
Congress uses to (25) ---- seats.
16.
21.
A) was being introduced
B) had been introduced
C) would be introduced
D) has been introduced
A) by
B) to
C) at
D) onto
E) off
E) was introduced
22.
A) whose
17.
B) which
D) thus
A) ones own
B) one anothers
D) the self
C) what
E) whether
C) oneself
E) each others
23.
A) would be allotted
18.
B) have been allotted

A) identify
B) distribute
D) discredit
C) justify
C) will have been allotted
E) discriminate
D) would have been allotted

E) were being allotted
19.
A) off
B) against
D) out of
24.
C) without
A) regardless of
E) under
B) concerning
D) excelling
C) pertaining to
E) including
20.
A) alternation
B) participation
D) obstruction
25.
C) interaction
A) select
E) complication
B) exchange
D) circulate
C) allocate
E) classify
A
NGLZCE
29. The Bermuda Triangle, ----, is noted for a high
incidence of unexplained losses of ships, small
boats and aircraft.
26. 35. sorularda, verilen cmleyi uygun

ekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) that an entire squadron of planes vanished

shortly after takeoff
26. There is a general agreement among car

manufacturing companies that, ----, hydrogen is
likely to be the fuel of choice.
A) if sulphur emissions had been checked
B) as local environmental conditions could be the

cause
B) when oil runs out
C) since the sea here is particularly fast moving
C) as it could have been stored as a gas
D) when there is an almost unique magnetic effect

on compasses
D) as if no mechanical energy was required
E) which is off the southeastern Atlantic coast of the

US
E) unless there were giant fuel cells
27. He has focused on moving the complexity of

computing from the desktop to the network, ----.
30. The stereotype of woman as the more

emotional sex is the one ----.
A) where it can be managed more easily
A) that still persists today
B) if computers could communicate more easily

with one another
B) as emotions are so unpredictable
C) that his improvements actually caught the eye of

the Pentagon
C) but it had been encouraged by the Stoics

D) until overruled by 20th century psychology
D) though it became the most widely used

operating system of its day
E) which a more sophisticated mode of thinking will

have denied
E) which would have been the greatest challenge of

his career
28. Salmon farms are prohibited in Alaska ----.
31. ---- who will become schizophrenic.
A) unless salmon actually does protect against

cancer
A) There seems to be a genetic predisposition

B) A cure is nowhere in sight
B) because fishermen blame the farms for

undercutting their price
C) Neither doctors nor scientists can accurately

predict
C) since farmed salmon used to be fattier than wild

salmon
D) They confuse the real and the imaginary
D) but they say salmon farms are bad for the

environment
E) Treatment of the disorder is improving
E) once the industry begins to attack some of the

problems
A
NGLZCE
34. ---- that engineers do not restrict themselves to
technical matters.
32. In general, when credit demand is low, ----.

A) it is not sensible to take out loans during
deflation
A) The engineering curriculum has long required

B) Many potential leaders were of the opinion
B) following the wrong guideline could have been

catastrophic
C) The courses involved substantial reading and

writing assignments
C) interest rates measure the cost of credit, not the

price of money
D) The aim was to attract a wider audience
D) interest rates are correspondingly low
E) He acquired a sophisticated knowledge of

scientific and technical matters
E) precautionary savings were rising at this time
35. ---- even though shes still not prepared to forgive

herself.
33. ---- since it has been described as among the

most terrifying works of history ever penned.
A) The wrong person got blamed

B) After all, she committed an error, not a crime
A) The story focuses on Hitlers end in his

underground banker
C) Others were also involved in the affair
B) I want to get hold of this new account of World

War II
D) A lot of people have forgiven her

E) She was wrongly accused
C) The story is well told by one of Germanys

renowned historians
D) Ive read all I want to read about World War II
E) In particular the bombing of Dresden is
objectively presented
A
NGLZCE
38. The Pentagon has estimated that about 25 per
cent of the military facilities in the country are
unnecessary.
36. 40. sorularda, verilen ngilizce cmleye

anlamca en yakn Trke cmleyi bulunuz.
A) Pentagona gre, lke iinde bulunan askeri

tesislerin yzde 25i gereksizdir.
36. Last fall, Tony Blair announced that he would

serve a full five-year term if the Labour Party
won.
B) Pentagon, lke iindeki askeri tesislerin hemen

hemen yzde 25ine gereksinim duymadn
belirtmitir.
A) Geen sonbaharda, Tony Blair, i Partisi kazand takdirde, be yl tam dnem hizmet edeceini ilan etti.
C) Pentagonun hesaplarna gre, lkedeki askeri

tesislerin yzde 25ine hi gereksinim yoktur.
B) Tony Blair, eer i Partisi kazanrsa, be yl

daha hizmet edeceini geen sonbaharda aklamt.
D) Pentagon, lkedeki askeri tesislerin yaklak

yzde 25inin gereksiz olduunu hesaplamtr.
C) Geen sonbaharda i Partisinin kazanmas

zerine, Tony Blair grevini be yl daha srdreceini ifade etti.
E) lkedeki askeri tesislerin aa yukar yzde

25ine gereksinim olmad konusunda Pentagon
kararldr.
D) Tony Blair, i Partisinin kazanmasnn kendisine be yl tam dnem hizmet olana salayaca yolundaki aklamasn geen sonbaharda
yapt.
E) Geen sonbaharda Tony Blair, eer i Partisi
kazanrsa, bir be yl daha hizmet etmek istediini syledi.
39. Germanys far-right National Democratic Party

upset the other parties by winning nearly 10 per
cent of the votes in the economically depressed
state of Saxony last year.
37. Minority representatives in any political
establishment must be made to feel that their
interests are sufficiently protected.
A) Almanyann ar sa Ulusal Demokratik Partisi,

geen yl, ekonomik olarak geri kalm Saksonya
eyaletinde, oylarn hemen hemen yzde onunu
kazanarak dier partilerin cann skt.
A) Herhangi bir siyasal kuruluta, aznlk temsilcileri, karlarnn tam olarak korunduunu hissetmelidirler.
B) Geen yl, daha byk ekonomik skntlar iinde

olan Saksonya eyaletinde, oylarn yzde onunu
alan ar sa Ulusal Demokratik Partisi,
Almanyadaki dier partileri telalandrmtr.
B) Herhangi bir siyasal kurulutaki aznlk temsilcilerine, karlarnn yeterince korunduu hissettirilmelidir.
C) Almanyann ar sa Ulusal Demokratik Partisi,

geen yl, ekonomik skntlar iinde olan Saksonya eyaletinde oylarn aa yukar yzde
onunu kazanm ve dier partilerin ounu skntya sokmutur.
C) Herhangi bir siyasal kuruluun aznlk temsilcileri, karlarnn olabildiince korunduunu hissedebilmelidirler.
D) Aznlk temsilcileri, bir siyasal kurulutaki karlarnn tamamen korunduunu hissetmelidirler.
D) Almanyadaki dier partilerin cann skan ar

sa Ulusal Demokratik Partisi, geen yl, ekonomik durgunluk iinde olan Saksonya eyaletindeki oylarn yzde onunu kazanmtr.
E) Bir siyasal kurulu, aznlk temsilcilerine, karlarnn tamamen korunduunu hissettirmelidir.
E) Almanyann ar sa Ulusal Demokratik Partisi,

geen yl, ekonomik sknt iindeki Saksonya
eyaletindeki oylarn yzde onunu alnca, dier
partiler telaa kaplmtr.
A
NGLZCE
42. Ortaa haritalar Hollandann neredeyse yarsn
su altnda gsterir, ama o zamandan beri denizden geni alanlar kazanlmtr.
40. The European Union is engaged in a variety of

programmes all around the world to promote and
protect the rights of children, particularly in
countries where children are affected by war.
A) In medieval maps nearly half of the Netherlands

is under water, but since then the sea has
withdrawn from large areas.
A) Tm dnyada zellikle savaan lkelerdeki

ocuklar iin ocuk haklarn desteklemek ve
korumak iin Avrupa Birlii birok programa izin
veriyor.
B) Large areas of what is now the Netherlands

have often been claimed from the sea, but in
medieval maps they were under water.
B) Avrupa Birlii dnyada savaan lkelerin ocuklarnn haklarn desteklemek ve korumak iin
eitli programlar destekliyor.
C) Nearly half of the Netherlands does not exist on

medieval maps but later large areas were
recovered from the sea.
C) Avrupa Birlii tm dnyada, zellikle ocuklarn

savatan etkilendii lkelerde, ocuk haklarn
desteklemek ve korumak iin eitli programlarla
ilgileniyor.
D) Medieval maps show that large areas of the

Netherlands used to be under the sea, but they
have since been reclaimed.
D) Avrupa Birlii zellikle savatan etkilenen lkelerin ocuklarn desteklemek ve korumak iin
tm dnyada eitli programlar dzenliyor.
E) Medieval maps show nearly half of the

Netherlands under water, but since then large
areas have been claimed from the sea.
E) zellikle ocuklarn savatan etkilendii

lkelerdeki ocuk haklarn destekleyen ve
koruyan Avrupa Birlii tm dnyada eitli
programlarla ilgilidir.
43. Geen yzyln balarnda, nyargy, baz rklara

kar doutan ve igdsel bir tepki olarak dnmek yaygnd.
A) At the turn of the last century, prejudice was
generally regarded more as an innate or
instinctive reaction to certain races.
41. 45. sorularda, verilen Trke cmleye

anlamca en yakn ngilizce cmleyi bulunuz.
B) At the turn of the last century, it was common to

consider prejudice to be an innate and instinctive
reaction to certain races.
41. Yaklak olarak M.. 8. yzylda Homer tarafndan

kaleme alnan Truva Sava hakkndaki destanlar,
birka yzyl boyunca szl olarak korunmu olabilir.
C) By the turn of the last century people were

prejudiced against certain races and this was
regarded as an innate and instinctive reaction.
A) Homers epics about the Trojan War were written

down, probably in the 8th century B.C., but may
have been around for centuries in oral form.
D) By the turn of the last century this innate and

instinctive reaction against race was commonly
seen as prejudice.
B) Homer apparently wrote down the epics of the

Trojan War sometime in the 8th century B.C., but
they had already existed in oral form for
centuries.
E) With the turn of the last century people grew

more prejudiced against certain races and this
was regarded as an innate and instinctive
reaction.
C) The Trojan War epics had probably existed for

centuries in oral form before they were finally
transcribed by Homer sometime in the 8th
century B.C.
D) The epics about the Trojan War written down by
Homer in about the 8th century B.C. may have
been preserved orally for several centuries.
E) Homer transcribed the Trojan War epics
sometime during the 8th century B.C., but their
origins go back to an earlier oral tradition.
A
NGLZCE
44. ocuklar daha fazla bamszlk kazandka, onlarn genleri kendilerine uyan evreler yaratmak
iin daha aktif bir tarzda ileyebilir.
46. 51. sorularda, bo braklan yere, parann anlam btnln salamak iin getirilebilecek cmleyi bulunuz.
A) Once children start to grow more independent,

their genes operate in a more positive manner to
create environments that suit them better.
46. Mollusks can be found in virtually every habitat

on Earth and range in size from microscopic to
more than 10 m long. ----. But others, the octopus
for instance, are considered to be delicacies.
B) As children get more independence their genes

start to operate more forcefully to create what is
for them a more congenial environment.
A) They are indeed an extremely fascinating group

of creatures
C) As children gain more independence, their

genes can operate in a more active manner to
produce environments that suit them.
B) Not all of them, however, are encased in a shell

C) All the mollusks are invertebrate animals
D) When they attain more independence, children

start to desire a more congenial environment
and their genes work with them to attain it.
D) Some, like the snails in our gardens, are

regarded as pests
E) Once children have attained a greater degree of

independence, their genes prompt them to
desire a more congenial environment.
E) The octopus even has problem-solving abilities
47. Archaeologists have a duty, both to colleagues

and to the general public, to explain what they
are doing and why. ----. Further, their work can
also be enjoyed by the wider public which, after
all, has usually paid the bill for the work, however
indirectly.
45. Katherine Mansfield, zellikle Rus yazar

Chekhovun ksa hikyelerinden etkilenmi ve
onun gibi, konudan ok evre ve karaktere dayal
hikyeler yazmtr.
A) The Russian writer Chekhovs short stories
depend more on atmosphere and character than
on plot, and this impressed Katherine Mansfield
and influenced the way she wrote.
A) Up to 60 per cent of modern excavations

apparently remain unpublished
B) Archaeologists often prefer to dig new sites
rather than devote time to laborious postexcavation analysis
B) Katherine Mansfield was a great admirer of the

Russian writer Chekhov, and her short stories,
like his, are centred around character and
atmosphere rather than action.
C) Many projects depend upon the willing hands of

amateur enthusiasts
C) Like the Russian short-story writer, Chekhov,

Katherine Mansfield wrote short stories that
depend for their effect more on character and
atmosphere than upon action.
D) Unfortunately, some archaeologists hoard their

finds and prevent colleagues from gaining
access to them
E) Basically, this means publishing the discoveries
so that the results are available to other scholars
D) Katherine Mansfield greatly admired the style of

Chekhov in his short stories and, like him, wrote
short stories in which character and atmosphere,
not action, come to the fore.
E) Katherine Mansfield was particularly impressed
by the short stories of the Russian writer
Chekhov, and, like him, she wrote stories which
depend more on atmosphere and character than
on plot.
A
NGLZCE
50. Most Western industrialized nations have an
individualistic orientation, which values
independence and self-assertiveness. ----. They
stress the interdependence of people within the
community.
48. Well into the 1860s the American West remained

divided from the East by the harsh nature of the
countrys interior. ----. Their aim was to build a
railroad across the formidable mountainous
lands of the Sierra Nevada. They were ridiculed
on all sides, but the ambitious enterprise
eventually succeeded.
A) There is no internal evidence to suggest this
A) Their high-flying goal comes with similarly steep

challenges
B) Individuals in collectivist Asian cultures are even

less likely to commit such errors
B) Top engineers had agreed that the Sierra

Nevada could not be crossed by road or rail
C) In contrast, many non-Western cultures have a

more collectivist orientation
C) Naturally, politicians were not in favour of uniting

East and West
D) This is why Americans tend to use psychological

traits to describe themselves
D) Then four merchants began raising money to

fund a seemingly impossible project
E) Actually, situational factors also play quite an

important role
E) The high peaks of the Sierra Nevada were

acknowledged as being impassable
51. How common are other civilizations in the

universe? This question has fascinated humanity
for centuries, but so far no definitive answer has
been found. ----. Chief among these is the
confirmation, after a long wait and several false
starts, that planets exist outside our solar
system.
49. In the annals of computing, nothing has caused

as much disappointment as putting ideas on
paper. ----. However, with the coming of the inkjet
printer it was soon possible to print really highquality images.
A) For decades, printing computer files was a
thankless task for users seeking to reproduce
precisely what they saw on their screens
A) Most surprising of all is the speed with which life

was established on this planet
B) A number of recent developments have brought
the question once again to the fore
B) To start with, thermal inkjets were no match for

the costlier laser printers that had just been
introduced
C) For all its originality the idea behind the inkjet is
far from new
C) So far, astronomers have found no Earth-like

planets, but we can be fairly confident that they
will do so
D) The first inkjet printers were slow, messy

machines, but they gradually got better and
better
D) In spite of all this activity, researchers have

made no positive detections of extraterrestrial
signals
E) Designers of printers grew more ambitious and

they started to want colour, speed and low costs
E) The lack of success to date cannot be used to

infer that Earth is the only planet with life
A
NGLZCE
54. A friend hates to say no when asked to do
something. As a result she often agrees to help
or join in, even when she knows she probably
wont be able to do so. This morning she has
announced that she wont be able to help at the
afternoons fund-raising tea, though last week
she said she would. You are very angry and say:
52. 57. sorularda, verilen durumda sylenmi

olabilecek sz bulunuz.
52. A colleague is going to check someone out on
the Internet for you. Its his life that you are
interested in, not his works, so you say:
A) Hes rather an obscure person. Im not surprised
you couldnt find out anything about him.
A) Cant you change your mind? It will be difficult to

find someone to take your place.
B) Get me something about his life and check who

has written his biography.
B) Youre always letting us down like this. Learn to

say no from the start!
C) I believe hes written an autobiography; can you

check if thats so? But its other publications that
Im really interested in.
C) Why didnt you say so before? Can you find

someone to take your place?
D) Cant you come even for a short time?
D) Hes rather a controversial figure, and that

interests me.
E) We counted on you. Youre always so reliable.
E) I know so little about him; I cant tell you what to

look for.
55. You are being interviewed by a rather aggressive

reporter, who seems intent on stirring up trouble.
You are determined to be as non-committal as
possible in your answers. So, when asked for
your opinion of a highly controversial law that
has recently been enforced, you say:
53. You are planning to retire at the end of the

month. This means closing your office which
means that the secretary will be unemployed.
Youd like to know that this secretary has a good
job to go to as she has given you good service.
So when you run into a friend you say:
A) Its sure to be revoked before long.
A) Its not easy to get a good secretary these days.

How did you find yours?
B) I refuse to answer your question.
B) Ive had my secretary for 10 years now and Ill

be sorry to see her go.
C) Dont misunderstand me; but Im all in favour of

it. Youll see. It will work out fine.
C) Shes quite the best secretary Ive ever had; so

she wont be out-of-work for long.
D) Circumstances being as they are it was probably

necessary.
D) Some secretaries are too efficient for my liking.

They make you feel theyre the boss!
E) Its too early to say. Theres a lot to be said on

both sides. Lets just wait a while.
E) Im job-hunting for my secretary! Do you happen

to need a really reliable one?
10
A
NGLZCE
56. A friend has been having a really tough time for
several weeks. Everything has been going wrong
for her and shes really very depressed. Theres
nothing anyone can do to help except offer a little
understanding and sympathy. You say:
58. 63. sorularda, cmleler srasyla okunduunda parann anlam btnln bozan
cmleyi bulunuz.
58. (I) It used to be argued that, once there were just two
major companies involved in civil-aircraft
manufacturing, aircraft prices would rise. (II) There
are few engineering tricks left that could give one or
other a technological edge. (III) That theory has been
thoroughly discredited. (IV) The best indicator of
new-aircraft prices the average price per seat on
flights has been declining for several years.
(V) This is due, of course, to the brutal competition
between the two rivals.
A) Try to keep smiling. Itll pass. We all have to go

through these hard times.
B) Stop worrying and stop complaining.
C) Were all here to help you. Just let us know what
you want us to do.
D) Its time to forget all about it and make a new
start.
A) I
E) Take a firm stand and dont let things upset you

like this.
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
59. (I) The most popular talk show on Arab TV is The

Opposite Direction. (II) The show is hosted by Faisal
al-Kasim, a forty-two-year-old with glasses. (III) The
chance to take part in the regions first experiment
with free journalism was one that could not be
missed. (IV) Al-Kasim moderates while two guests
debate a topic of his choosing; viewers join in by
telephone, fax and e-mail. (V) No other Arab
television personality is as controversial, as despised
or as revered as al-Kasim.
57. A colleague has just had an article accepted for

publication. You are as pleased as he is about
this as it has been unfairly turned down by
several editors. You congratulate him very
warmly and say:
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
A) Good for you! Its not too good a magazine, but

at least its getting published.
B) I told you to keep on trying. In the end one
usually finds a publisher!
C) Now get on with the next article and, mind you,
dont make the same mistakes!
60. (I) In the past century US life-expectancy climbed

from forty-seven to seventy-seven. (II) Similar rises
happened in almost every country. (III) And this
process shows no sign of stopping. (IV) Such a pill
could give us an extra twenty years of life.
(V) According to the United Nations, by 2050 global
life expectancy will have increased by another ten
years.
D) Thats great news! Congratulations. Im so

pleased someone has finally recognized its
worth.
E) I suppose the subject of the article isnt a very
popular one.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
11
A
NGLZCE
61. (I) Beginning about age 5, the child develops a sense
of obligation to follow rules. (II) Indeed, young
children change the rules frequently and arbitrarily.
(III) He treats them as absolute moral imperatives
handed down by some powerful authority. (IV) For
him, rules are permanent, sacred and not subject to
modification. (V) Obeying them to the letter is more
important than any human reason for changing them.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
64. 69. sorularda, verilen cmleye anlamca

en yakn olan cmleyi bulunuz.
64. I find the way he habitually orders people about
quite objectionable.
A) If he persists in giving orders in this manner, I
will be forced to show my resentment.
B) If he ordered me about like that, Id certainly
object on every occasion.
C) Im always on the offensive when he starts giving
orders to everyone.
D) He persistently orders people around which I find
really offensive.
E) I always get upset when he starts giving orders
to the people around him.
62. (I) The eruption of Nevada del Ruiz in Columbia in

1985 illustrates how a lack of monitoring and poor
evacuation can lead to loss of life. (II) The eruption
itself was a small one and didnt kill anyone.
(III) Disaster came later when molten rock melted the
ice cap. (IV) This caused mudflows which wiped out
230,000 people. (V) Sometimes there are early signs
that an eruption is imminent.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
65. At first glance, Chinese students appear as eager

as ever to study in the US.
E) V
A) On the surface it seems that there is no decline

in the desire of Chinese students to get
educated in the US.
B) Apparently, Chinese students are increasingly
keen to continue their studies in the US.
C) To all outward appearances, Chinese students
are no less eager than they used to be to go to
the US.
D) Apparently, as long as Chinese students are
eager to study in the US, theyll do so.
63. (I) Teachers naturally welcome information about

their students that might help them to teach more
effectively. (II) For many, results from standardized
assessment tests, such as IQ and academic
achievement measures, are one useful source of
information. (III) Teachers, however, often interpret a
childs quick responses as rude interruptions.
(IV) Normally, of course, such tests are designed to
be as accurate as possible. (V) There is one famous
one, however, that was built around deliberately
inaccurate information.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) It seems as if Chinese students are still equally

keen to study in the US.
E) V
12
A
NGLZCE
68. Great or notorious leaders seem to have unusual
and distinctive capabilities that mark them off
from the rest of us.
66. Getting a law passed is one thing but getting it

enforced is quite another thing.
A) The law has already been passed, but I suspect
it wont be easy to implement it.
A) Leaders, whether they are remarkable for good

or evil, are different from the rest of the world on
account of their rare potential.
B) Once the law has been passed, it will be easy

enough to put it into effect.
C) If the law has been passed, it will soon come into
effect.
D) The law has been passed and will soon be
enforced.
B) It is the distinctive quality of uniqueness that

marks the great and the notorious leaders alike,
and that sets them off from the rest of us.
C) Leaders, both illustrious and infamous ones, are
apparently endowed with rare and remarkable
capacities that distinguish them from other
people.
E) The passing of a law and the implementing of it

are two very different things.
D) Both the eminent and the notorious leaders of

the world are set apart from the rest of mankind
on account of their rare abilities.
E) It is on account of their remarkable capabilities
that the great and the disreputable leaders alike,
are so different from the rest of mankind.
67. An enduring illusion of the Americans is that

every social imperfection can be corrected
simply by passing a law.
69. Of all the decisions a free people must face, the

question of war or peace is the most crucial.
A) Americans can still be deluded into thinking that

social problems can be effectively overcome by
passing laws.
A) A free people is never confronted by a more

momentous choice than that of war or peace.
B) The choice of war or peace is a critical one, but
all free people do, on occasion, have to face it.
B) A continuing misconception of the Americans is

that all it takes to rectify a social shortcoming is
the passing of a law.
C) The issue of war or peace is a vital one but free

people sometimes have to come up against it.
C) Among the recurring delusions of Americans is

the idea that, by passing laws, a remedy can be
found for all social grievances.
D) When confronted with the choice of war or peace

free people realize it is the most momentous of
all issues.
D) Americans can easily be tricked into believing

that all social wrongs can be righted by the
passing of laws.
E) The most critical choice that a free people is

ever called upon to make concerns the issue of
war or peace.
E) The erroneous belief that social defects can

easily be overcome by the passing of laws still
persists among the people of America.
13
A
NGLZCE
72. Reg :
- Have you put your house up for sale yet?
70. 75. sorularda, karlkl konumann bo

braklan ksmn tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi
bulunuz.
Dave :
- Oh, yes. And Ive had several offers. The estate
agent is urging me to accept the last one.
70. Helen :
- How long have the TVs nature documentaries
been going?
Reg :
- ----
Beth :
- For at least 40 years, I should think. ----
Dave :
- Ive noticed that. Mine actually wanted me to
accept the initial offer, and that was really low.
Helen :
- Indeed they have. In one of the latest they
actually show a penguin chick developing
inside its egg!
A) Thats typical. They like to get the sale over as

soon as possible.
B) Why is that?
A) The series explores the limits of animal

endurance in hostile environments.
C) And why is that? Are they really offering a very

good price?
B) And over that time theyve been transformed

beyond recognition.
D) Its not a buyers market at the moment.
C) Moreover, the films grow even more spectacular

and sophisticated.
E) Dont let him push you into a sale.
D) Some of the worlds leading wildlife camera

teams are with the BBCs national history unit.
E) Some remarkable footage has been shot.
71. Brian :
- The aim of this article, apparently, is to show
that Shakespeare isnt as special as hes made
out to be!
Fred :
- ---Brian :
- Well; it points out that Shakespeares King Lear
and Cervantes Don Quixote were written in the
same year, and then asks which is the best?
Fred :
- Yes. A tricky question. Thought-provoking, too.
A) I dont want to hear any more!
B) I shant bother to read it!
C) How does it manage to do that?
D) Thats the fashionable approach at the moment!
E) Didnt Marlowe write his plays?
14
A
NGLZCE
75. Sue :
- Is your computer reasonably modern?
73. Matthew :
- Ive been looking at this map of the worlds oil.
Wendy :
- ----
George :
- Yes. I took a look at that, too. What surprised
you most?
Sue :
- Then its terribly out of date! With computers
there are new things happening all the time.
Matthew :
- ----
Wendy :
- That may be. But Im comfortable with mine and
have no intention of changing it.
George :
- Yes. I hadnt realized that either.
A) I dont think anything did.
A) I suppose so. Ive never really thought about it.
B) I dont know. But production costs for North Sea

Oil are going up.
B) Are you trying to sell me a new one?
C) The newly discovered oil reserves in West Africa

could have proved useful.
C) Probably not. Its a bit slow, though, and that can

be annoying.
D) Nothing really.
D) Oh, yes. Ive had it about six years, thats all.
E) The fact that central and South America come

second, after the Middle East, for oil reserves.
E) I dont know. But its been giving me a lot of

trouble lately.
74. Sam :
- Dont forget, clean coal means different
things to different people.
Charles :
- I know it does. But at least people are
beginning to realize that coal can be cleaned
and, indeed, should be.
Sam :
- ---Charles :
- It used to be. But there are now new systems
that are far more efficient and far less
expensive.
A) Whats the big problem, sulpher dioxide?
B) Clean coal technologies fall into three
categories.
C) But isnt the cleaning of coal an extremely
expensive process?
D) Coal that has been aged gives out more heat
and fewer gases.
E) Is it really possible to clean coal?
15
A
NGLZCE
78. The point is made in the passage that aesthetic
principles ----.
76. 80. sorular aadaki paraya gre

cevaplaynz.
A) have no place in an engineers design

Engineering is akin to writing or painting in that it is a
creative endeavor that begins in the minds eye and
proceeds into new frontiers of thought and action,
where it does not so much find as make new things.
Just as the poet starts with a blank sheet of paper
and the artist with a blank canvas, so the engineer
today begins with a blank computer screen. Until the
outlines of a design are set down, however
tentatively, there can be no appeal to science or to
critical analysis to judge or test the design. Scientific,
rhetorical or aesthetic principles may be called on to
inspire, refine and finish a design, but creative things
do not come of applying the principles alone. Without
the sketch of a thing or a diagram of a process,
scientific facts and laws are of little use to engineers.
Science may be the theater, but engineering is the
action on the stage.
B) are central to the very best works of art

C) and creativity are two very different things
D) cannot be taught or learnt
E) can infuse life into an ill-conceived poem
79. It can be inferred from the passage that, once a

poet has achieved the basic core of his poem,
----.
A) the creative process is complete
B) he tends to lose interest in it
76. The writers main aim in this passage is to ----.

A) show how many different types of creativity there
are
C) he should wait a while before transcribing it onto

a blank sheet of paper
B) stress the creative and constructive aspects of

an engineers work
D) aesthetic principles may help him to intensify

and complete it
C) compare and contrast the way poets and

painters work
E) he must start to examine it for flaws and then

remove them
D) show that literary creativity is superior to the

painters creativity
E) establish the fact that it is the engineers
scientific knowledge that makes him creative
80. According to the writer of the passage, each act

of creativity ----.
77. We understand from the passage that, for the

engineer, scientific laws ----.
A) only have a role to play after a design has taken
some sort of form
A) necessitates the crossing of frontiers and entry

into unknown regions
B) are only relevant in details concerning safety
B) is dependent upon a storehouse of closely

related knowledge
C) are a constant factor all through the creative

process of design
C) arises almost equally out of thought and

inspiration and knowledge
D) play an important role only when it comes to

finalizing certain details
D) has some bearing on other acts of creativity
E) are rarely applicable at any stage in his projects
E) in one sphere of endeavour has its counterpart

in another
16
A
NGLZCE
83. The term Gilded Age as it is used in the passage
means ----.

cevaplaynz.
Just as every teenager thinks he is brighter than his
parents, every decade considers itself superior to the
one that came before. Over the past few months, we
of the 2000 decade have made it quite clear that we
are morally heads above those who lived in the
1990s. Weve done it first by establishing a reigning
clich for that period. Just as the 1960s are known
for student unrest, the 1980s for Reagan, Thatcher
and the Yuppies, the 1990s will henceforth be known
as the second Gilded Age. They will be known as the
age when the real problems in the world were
ignored while the illusions of the dotcom types were
celebrated. It was the age of effortless abundance,
cell phones on every ear, stock markets that only
went up and Mercedes sport utility vehicles. Never
before had business leaders enjoyed so much
prestige, and never before had capitalism had fewer
mortal enemies. Bill Gates couldnt be on enough
business-magazine covers; tycoons like him felt free
to assume the role of global sages, writing books
with such weighty titles as The Road Ahead.
A) to be admired
B) golden age
C) with moral principles
D) with surface shine
E) in bad taste
84. We understand from the passage that, during the

1990s, ----.
A) there was a great deal of student unrest
B) capitalism again fell into disrepute
C) technological advance took the form of useful
gadgets
D) teenagers grew very critical of their parents
81. According to the passage, the decade of the

1990s was characterized by ----.
E) business tycoons received undue respect and

were indeed almost idolized
A) capitalism, blindness and possessions

B) hard-work, greed and the need to communicate
C) indifference, immorality and selfishness
D) generosity, spontaneity and individuality
E) disagreements, competition and prejudice
85. One point made in the passage is that ----.
82. In the opinion of the author of the passage, the

2000 decade ----.
A) with each passing decade life gets easier and

more comfortable
A) differs very little from the decade of Reagan,

Thatcher and the Yuppies
B) any hopes of the 2000 decade are not likely to

survive the decade
B) inherited a failing global economy from the

previous decade
C) is far more moral than the preceding one
C) the business magazines of this decade differ

very little from those of earlier decades
D) still admires the values of the business leaders

of the 1990s and the books they wrote
D) each new decade regards itself as superior to

the previous one
E) is fast losing its idealism and growing more and

more like previous decades
E) the real problems of each decade are essentially

the same
17
A
NGLZCE
88. Before he took over the running of BBC4, Roly
Keating ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) was involved in commercial TV enterprises

BBC4, a comparatively new TV channel, has a
character of its own. From the start it aimed to be a
place to think, and it was always designed as
something that the commercial market would never
do, says Roly Keating, its controller and formerly
head of arts at the BBC. Its first weeks schedule
indeed verged on a parody of non-commercial TV,
with township opera from South Africa and a
performance by a Senegalese singer in a London
church hall. A top-rated show will typically draw some
50,000 viewers almost negligible in television
terms. Yet that narrow appeal makes BBC4 a model
of what a publicly financed broadcaster ought to do.
It has roamed into territory where its ratings-driven
sister channel, BBC1, seldom dares to tread. Despite
a tiny 35m budget, it boasts an intelligent prime-time
talk show and a world news programme so
internationally minded that its London provenance is
barely visible. BBC4 may wear its gravity a little too
heavily at times, but it supplies a variety and
thoughtfulness unavailable on prime time BBC1. The
more the other BBC channels chase the ratings, and
the more that BBC4 refuses to be dictated to by
them, the more the channel looks like a model for
what BBC television could look like.
B) was criticized because his programmes were too

intellectual and too serious
C) was a severe critic of the BBC1 channel
D) had taken a firm stand against the trend to let
ratings dictate programming
E) was arts director at the BBC
89. According to the passage, the programmes BBC4

has to offer ----.
A) rarely come up to expectations
B) are varied, unusual and thought-provoking
C) are mostly news programmes and Londonorientated
86. It is clear from the passage that, since BBC4 is

publicly financed, it ----.
D) are attracting very large numbers of viewers
A) has to give viewers the kind of programmes they

want
E) constitute a close rival for BBC1 as regards

ratings
B) has a large budget with which to work

C) is under no pressure to attract large numbers of
viewers
D) is under an obligation to offer a great variety of
programme
E) is often severely criticized for the subjectivity of
its news programmes
90. It is clear that the writer of the passage ----.
A) feels BBC4 has not lived up to its aim to be a
place to think
87. In the passage, BBC1 is described as being

ratings-driven; this means ----.
B) regards BBC4s budget of 35m as excessive
A) it is obliged to put on popular programmes
C) would like to see the BBC1 channel closed down
B) its appeal is a very narrow one
D) is very impressed by the performance of the

BBC4 channel
C) it sees BBC4 as its greatest rival

D) it feels very secure and can take risks
E) was full of admiration for BBC4s choice of

programme for the first week
E) it never experiments or tries out a new type of

programme
18
A
NGLZCE
93. According to the passage, Lewis Island ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) has the climate and conditions favourable to

agriculture
The natives of the Lewis Island know wind

sometimes too well. Every winter the Atlantic gales
come blasting across the northern tip of Scotlands
Outer Hebrides. The wind hardly slows down even
after striking land; in the islands marshy interior,
gusts regularly exceed 160kph. Everyone stays
indoors but the sheep. Tourists arrive in summer,
lured by mild temperatures and unspoiled
countryside; even so, theres rarely a calm day. The
weather here is changeable, says Nigel Scott,
spokesman for the local government. But the wind is
constant. The brutal climate could finally be Lewiss
salvation. The place has been growing poorer and
more desolate for generations, as young people seek
sunnier prospects elsewhere. But now the energy
industry has discovered the storm-swept island. The
multinationals AMEC and British Energy are talking
about plans to erect some 300 outsize wind turbines
across a few thousand hectares of moorland. If the
500 million-pound project goes through, the array will
be Europes largest wind farm, capable of churning
out roughly 1 per cent of Britains total electrical
needs and generating some badly needed jobs and
cash for the people of Lewis.
B) suffers more than any other island in Scotlands

Outer Hebrides from Atlantic gales
C) will undergo many important changes unless a
wind farm is established there
D) may one day be home to Europes largest wind
farm
E) has an aging population that regards the windfarm scheme with distrust
94. If the energy industry carries out the project

described in the passage and sets up 300 wind
turbines on Lewis, ----.
A) maintenance costs due to the gale force winds
could cause financial failure
B) the young people will want to leave their much
loved island
91. We understand from the passage that, in

summer, the island of Lewis ----.
C) there will be a shortage of land for the sheep to

graze on
A) attracts visitors as nature there has remained

unspoiled
D) other windswept coastlines throughout Europe

will probably follow suit
B) enjoys a warm, wind-free climate
E) these will provide Britain with roughly of 1 per

cent of her total electrical needs
C) is one of the most attractive of the islands that

make up the Outer Hebrides
D) has little to offer its inhabitants by way of a living
other than fishing
E) can offer its inhabitants even less in the way of a
livelihood than it can in the winter
95. According to the passage, if the proposed wind

farm is set up on Lewis, ----.
A) this could make the island unattractive to
summer visitors
92. Its clear from the passage that for a long time
now the young people of Lewis ----.
A) have been looking forward to the establishment
of a wind farm on their island
B) the idea could spread rapidly to neighbouring

islands
B) have been leaving the island intent on finding a

better way of life elsewhere
C) this will open up much needed employment

opportunities for the islanders
C) have realized that the islands most valuable

asset is its climate
D) it will only function efficiently in the winter

months
D) have been reluctant to leave the island on a

permanent basis
E) the costs will be shared equally by AMEC and

British Energy
E) feel no sympathy for the old traditions and ways

of life of the island
19
A
NGLZCE
98. It is clear from the passage that science and the
application of science ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) will not help to further global awareness

In this century, the wealth and success of nations will
depend like never before on the ability to produce
and use knowledge. Universities have long been
instrumental in generating knowledge and ideas. But
in an increasingly globalized world, and in the face of
rapid scientific change, they will need to think about a
set of new challenges and how best to prepare their
students for the coming decades. Universities will
need to teach a new kind of literacy, in which global
awareness will play an important role. They also
need to deal with the dilemmas posed by the
accelerating pace of change brought on by scientific
and technological advances. We are on the brink of
once-in-human-history progress in combating
disease through the application of modern science.
Doctors will have at their disposal blood tests that will
tell you with substantial predictive power how long
you will live and from what diseases you are likely to
suffer. The Internet and the application of information
technology may well represent the most profound
change in the way knowledge is disseminated since
the printing press. We are close to understanding the
first second of the history of the cosmos.
B) is largely confined within the universities

C) has grown so complex that it is beyond the
understanding of all but a very few
D) cannot go on advancing at this rate
E) is opening up startling new possibilities
99. The writer of the passage seems convinced that

the current rapid developments in science and
technology ----.
A) will be accompanied by new problems
B) cannot go on much longer
C) will bring more harm than good
D) are largely concentrated in the field of medicine
E) are beyond the grasp of most people in most
countries
96. According to the passage, universities are under

an obligation to ensure that their students ----.
A) have the chance to work alongside foreign
students
B) are equipped to deal with the changing
conditions of the coming decades
C) are introduced to international perspectives in
every area of study
100. The phrase, once-in-human-history progress is

saying ----.
A) we cannot expect or, indeed, hope for such
progress ever to happen again
D) are taught not specific facts as much as broad

ways of thinking
B) this is only the first of many spurts of progress
E) all have a good grounding in science and

technology
C) this is the first instance of a widespread

application of science
D) there has never been such progress ever before
and there may not be again
97. One point that is given considerable emphasis in

the passage is ----.
E) this is the highest possible peak of progress
A) the need of all students to get acquainted with

foreign cultures and global issues
B) that the universities have a commitment to the
pursuit of truth for its own sake
TEST BTT.
C) that the universities are in a position to further

greater global integration
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDNZ.
D) the incredible speed with which knowledge is

increasing
E) that universities must stick to the values that
have made them successful in the past
20
KAMU PERSONEL YABANCI DL BLGS

SEVYE TESPT SINAVI (KPDS)
07 MAYIS 2006
NGLZCE
A KTAPII
1.
26.
51.
76.
2.
27.
52.
77.
3.
28.
53.
78.
4.
29.
54.
79.
5.
30.
55.
80.
6.
31.
56.
81.
7.
32.
57.
82.
8.
33.
58.
83.
9.
34.
59.
84.
10.
35.
60.
85.
11.
36.
61.
86.
12.
37.
62.
87.
13.
38.
63.
88.
14.
39.
64.
89.
15.
40.
65.
90.
16.
41.
66.
91.
17.
42.
67.
92.
18.
43.
68.
93.
19.
44.
69.
94.
20.
45.
70.
95.
21.
46.
71.
96.
22.
47.
72.
97.
23.
48.
73.
98.
24.
49.
74.
99.
25.
50.
75.
100.
2006
November
A
NGLZCE
5. There has been increasing pressure in the US to
---- the amount of funding allocated to foreign aid,
and instead, use the funds to improve the
domestic economy.
A) make up for
1. A strong ---- exists between a countrys wealth

and the freedom afforded its citizens.
A) coincidence
B) correlation
C) consideration
D) determination
B) point out to
D) cut down on
E) interpretation
C) keep up with
E) take up with
6. Many parts of rural America ---- to reflect the

values and traditions of the European immigrants
who ---- in the country during the nineteenth
century.
A) continued / have arrived
2. Satellite television transmission now makes it ---for us to watch events as they unfold in other
countries.
B) have continued / would have arrived

C) continue / arrived
A) worldwide
B) substantial
D) would have continued / were arriving
C) aware
D) commonplace
E) will continue / would arrive
E) liable
7. With few exceptions, most totalitarian

governments ---- more liberal since 1989 when
the Berlin Wall ----.
3. Latin American countries on average export only

about 10 per cent of their products to other Latin
American countries but ---- 20 per cent of them to
the US.
A) almost
B) fairly
C) respectively
D) initially
A) became / falls
B) are becoming / would fall
C) were becoming / has fallen
D) had become / was falling
E) extensively
E) have become / fell
8. Of all the arts it ---- to classical music that

Germany ---- the greatest contribution.
4. Until the sixteenth century, when the first

international postal agreement was ----, there was
no postal system as we know it today.
A) assigned
B) maintained
D) seized
A) had been / made

B) is / has made
C) enacted
C) has been / had made
E) conducted
D) was / will have made

E) might be / would have made
A
NGLZCE
13. ---- by making an internal analysis can a company
set the overall rationale for its international
activities.
9. Severity of autism ranges ---- those who are mute

and have no functional behaviour ---- individuals
with high IQ scores.
A) into / among
B) in / about
C) between / of
D) through / for
A) Still
B) While
D) Until
C) Only
E) Just as
E) from / to
10. Most companies would prefer to concentrate ---domestic rather than foreign markets because of
their greater familiarity ---- their own
environments.
A) in / of
B) on / with
D) at / from
14. ---- an organization depends on collaborative

arrangements, ---- likely it is to lose control over
decisions.
C) over / by
E) for / to
A) Not only / but also
B) Neither / nor
C) Either / or
D) When / then
E) The more / the more
11. Management must learn to determine market

conditions in the countries ---- it is doing
business.
A) where
B) what
D) of which
C) as for
E) so that
15. A corporations formulation of its international

strategy will greatly determine ---- it will benefit
more from protectionism or from some other
means for countering international competition.
12. ---- the growth in e-mail and fax transmissions,

many communications are still best handled by
face-to-face or voice-to-voice contact.
A) Contrary to
B) In spite of
C) By means of
D) Since
A) so
B) as
D) whether
C) unless
E) whereby
E) As regards
A
NGLZCE
ifadeyi bulunuz.
ifadeyi bulunuz.
All hay fever sufferers will be aware of the pollen

rain that (16) ---- them in the spring and summer.
Pollen grains the tiny male reproductive bodies of
flowering plants have an almost (17) ---- outer shell
(exine) that can survive in certain sediments for tens
of thousands of years. In pollen analysis the exines
are extracted from the soil, studied under a
microscope, and identified (18) ---- the distinctive
exine shape and surface ornamentation of different
families and genera of plants. (19) ---- quantified,
these identifications are then plotted as curves on a
pollen diagram. Fluctuations in the curve (20) ---each plant category may then be studied for signs of
climatic fluctuation, or forest clearance and cropplanting by humans.
Underwater archaeology is beginning to yield a

detailed picture of whaling undertaken by Basque
fishermen at Red Bay, Labrador, in the 16th century.
The Basques were at this time the largest suppliers
to Europe of whale oil an important (21) ---- used
for lighting and in products such as soap. In 1977,
prompted by the discovery in Spanish archives that
Red Bay (22) ---- a prominent whaling centre,
Canadian archaeologist James A. Tuck began an
excavation on the island at the mouth of Red Bay
Harbour. Here he found remains of structures for
turning blubber (23) ---- whale oil. (24) ----, in 1978,
the nautical archaeologist Robert Grenier led a Parks
Canada team in search of the Basque galleon San
Juan, (25) ---- the archives said had sunk in the
harbour in 1565.
16.
21.
A) should afflict
B) can afflict
C) had afflicted
D) would afflict
A) commodity
B) refinement
D) hardship
E) afflicted
C) artifact
E) settlement
22.
17.
A) intense
B) approachable
C) indestructible
D) abundant
A) would have been
B) is
C) was going to be
D) had been
E) will be
E) unsteady
23.
A) by
18.
D) upon
A) according to
B) ahead of
C) with a view to
D) on behalf of
19.
B) Whenever
D) Until
B) Frequently
C) Otherwise
D) Subsequently
E) Conclusively
E) Once
25.
A) whose
B) on
D) about
E) into
A) On the contrary
C) While
20.
A) across
C) next to
24.
E) in place of
A) Before
B) about
B) when
D) who
C) for
C) whom
E) which
E) at
A
NGLZCE
29. ---- but cannot be proved and is difficult to
assess.

A) The influence of Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of

the English Language on the development of the
language has been widely assumed
26. Because energy production expends resources

and causes pollution, ----.
B) Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English

Language played a role in propagating a
standard spelling among the less literate
A) we depend upon nature to provide the basics of

life, such as food and oxygen
B) many resources are used once and then thrown
away
C) Samuel Johnson was an enthusiastic reader of

classical and English literature from his earliest
years
C) modern technical challenges are seldom met by

scientists
D) It took Samuel Johnson eight or nine years to

complete work on his Dictionary of the English
Language
D) scientists and engineers must work to develop

energy-efficient processes
E) With his Dictionary of the English Language,

Samuel Johnson provided a powerful but
conservative model of language usage
E) engineers must solve problems without even

understanding the underlying theory
27. If only she had come up with some positive

suggestions, ----.
A) the scheme certainly had very many drawbacks
B) nobody else is likely to complain
C) so far this is the best thesis to be submitted
D) the others will already have been rejected
E) I wouldnt have minded her criticism of the
project
30. Before the 21st century has run its course, ----.
A) the powers of computers have expanded vastly
due to advanced research
B) countless technologies not envisioned yet will be
available to us
28. ---- while such African languages as Hausa and
Swahili continued to serve the everyday needs of
the masses.
C) a great deal of scientific effort is being made to

find solutions to complex problems
D) most people in developed countries enjoy a state
of true health throughout their lives
A) During the colonial era in Africa, English became

the shared language of the administration and a
Western-educated lite,
E) our knowledge of the world around us has

improved to a great extent
B) In colonial Africa, the teaching of English

literature is no longer popular
C) Modern African writers have found it necessary
to adapt certain aspects of English,
D) Today, English is the official language of sixteen
countries in Africa,
E) English as a second language has been taught
in Africa for nearly four hundred years,
A
NGLZCE
31. Smallpox was once a dreaded human disease,
----.
34. By 1809, Swedens military power had waned to

such an extent ----.
A) while genetic engineering can be used in several

ways to make vaccines
A) as a new constitution transferred power from the

king to Parliament
B) although today DNA technology is helping

medical researchers develop vaccines
B) so that it could no longer continue as a great

power
C) even if artificial-mutant vaccines may cause

fewer side effects than natural mutants
C) that the country was forced to surrender part of

its territory to Russia
D) but it was eradicated worldwide in the 1970s by

widespread vaccination
D) in that nearly one million Swedes migrated,

mostly to America
E) since there has been no effective drug treatment

for many viral diseases
E) even though the Swedes had contributed to

Europes Age of Enlightenment with advances in
science
32. Neanderthals were a recent evolutionary human

relative ----.
A) who lived in Europe and became extinct 30,00040,000 years ago
B) as researchers studying human origins debated
this question for decades
C) which are muscular and robust, with a brain
similar to ours in size
D) while the relationship between humans and
Neanderthals may best be described as sister
species
35. Road and rail connections in Italy are generally

better in the north, ----.
E) despite the fact that they had hands as nimble

as those of present-day humans, with a thumb
and fingers
A) because between the snowy peaks of the Alps

and the rugged shores of Sicily lies a whole
series of regions, each with its distinctive culture
B) but there are many other attractive historic towns
and cities
33. The Welsh language has changed so little

through the centuries ----.
C) but people speak of two Italies: the rich industrial

North and the poorer agricultural South
A) whose annual Eisteddfod celebration honours its

best poets and writers
D) just as the government has allocated extra funds

for road repairs
B) that an educated Welshman can still read the

Welsh of the Middle Ages
E) where Milan, Bologna and Verona are the key

transport centres
C) as more and more English families settle in

Wales, bringing their habits with them
D) although Wales recently formed its own national
assembly
E) unless it embodies the kind, unambitious nature
of the Welsh people
A
NGLZCE
37. As we learn from the works of many biologists in
the past, since sponges did not move from one
place to another, they were thought to be plants.

A) Gemiteki pek ok biyoloun, eserlerinde, sngerlerden bitki olarak sz etmesinin nedeni, bu

canllarn bir yerden bir yere hareket etmemesidir.
36. A persons health history may reveal a disease

that interferes with the bodys use of nutrients or
that affects the persons eating habits.
A) Kiinin salk yks, yemek yemesini engelleyen veya bedeninin besinlerden yararlanma srecini etkileyen bir hastal aa karmada kullanlabilir.
B) Gemiteki biyologlarn eserlerinden rendiimiz kadaryla, sngerler bir yerden bir yere hareket etmemeleri dolaysyla bitkilerle ayn grupta
ele alnyordu.
B) Kiinin salk yks, bedenin besinlerden yararlanmasn engelleyen veya kiinin yemek yeme alkanlklarn etkileyen bir hastal aa
karabilir.
C) Gemiteki pek ok biyoloun eserlerinden rendiimiz kadaryla, sngerler bir yerden bir
yere hareket etmedii iin onlarn bitki olduu
sanlyordu.
C) nsann yemek yemesini engelleyen veya bedenin besinlerden yararlanma srecini etkileyen
hastalklar, kiinin salk yksnden yararlanlarak ortaya karlabilir.
D) Gemite, sngerler, bir yerden bir yere hareket

etmedikleri iin bitki olarak kabul edildii halde,
pek ok biyolog bu gre eserlerinde yer vermemitir.
D) Bir kiinin salk yksnden, hem onun yemek

yeme alkanlklarn etkileyen hem de bedenin
besinlerden yararlanmasn engelleyen hastalklar kolaylkla anlalabilir.
E) Sngerler, bir yerden bir yere hareket etmedikleri

iin, gemite bitki olarak snflanyordu; fakat
birok biyolog, eserlerinde bunun yanl olduunu belirtmektedir.
E) Bedenin besinlerden yararlanma srecini etkileyen veya kiinin yemek yemesini engelleyen
hastalklarn ou, kiinin salk yksnden
anlalmaktadr.
A
NGLZCE
40. When the Sirkeci train station went into service
on November 3, 1890, the waiting room was
heated with stoves brought from Austria and lit
by coal-gas lamps.
38. Overrun by the Austro-German armies in World

War I, Poland declared its independence on
November 11, 1918, and on June 20, 1919, was
recognized as an independent state by the Treaty
of Versailles.
A) 3 Kasm 1890da hizmete giren Sirkeci tren istasyonunun hava gaz lambalaryla aydnlatlan
bekleme salonu, ou Avusturyadan ithal edilen
sobalarla stlyordu.
A) I. Dnya Savanda Avusturya-Alman ordular

tarafndan igal edilmi olan Polonya, bamszln 11 Kasm 1918de iln etmi olsa da
bamsz bir devlet olarak tannmas, 20 Haziran
1919da imzalanan Versailles Antlamasyla
gereklemitir.
B) Sirkeci tren istasyonu 3 Kasm 1890da hizmete

girdiinde, bekleme salonu Avusturyadan getirtilen sobalarla stlyor ve hava gaz lambalaryla
aydnlatlyordu.
B) Avusturya-Alman ordularnca I. Dnya Savanda igal edilmi olan Polonya, 11 Kasm 1918de
bamszln iln etmitir; ancak bir devlet olarak bamszl Versailles Antlamasyla 20 Haziran 1919da kesinlemitir.
C) 3 Kasm 1890da, bekleme salonu hava gaz

lambalaryla aydnlatlan ve Avusturyadan ithal
edilen sobalarla stlan Sirkeci tren istasyonu
hizmete girdi.
C) Polonya, I. Dnya Savanda Avusturya-Alman

ordularnn igaline urasa da 11 Kasm 1918de
bamszln iln etmi ve bir devlet olarak
bamszl, 20 Haziran 1919da Versailles
Antlamasyla kesinlemitir.
D) Sirkeci tren istasyonu 3 Kasm 1890da hizmete

girdiinde, hava gaz lambalaryla aydnlatlan
bekleme salonunu stmak iin Avusturyadan
soba ithal edilmiti.
E) Sirkeci tren istasyonunun Avusturya sobalaryla
stlan ve hava gaz lambalaryla aydnlatlan
bekleme salonu, 3 Kasm 1890da hizmete
girmiti.
D) I. Dnya Sava srasnda Avusturya-Alman ordularnn igaline urayan Polonya, Versailles

Antlamasna gre, bamszln 11 Kasm
1918de iln etmi ve 20 Haziran 1919da da
bamsz bir devlet olarak tannmtr.
E) Avusturya-Alman ordularnca I. Dnya Savanda igal edilmi olan Polonya, 11 Kasm 1918de
bamszln iln etmi ve Versailles Antlamasyla 20 Haziran 1919da bamsz bir devlet olarak tannmtr.

41. Kuzey rlanda, Birleik Kralln ayrlmaz bir parasdr; ancak, 1920de rlandann Ynetimi
Yasasna konmu olan hkmlere gre, yar
zerk bir ynetime sahiptir.
A) Northern Ireland constitutes a major part of the
United Kingdom even though, according to the
Government of Ireland Act of 1920, it is
governed semi-autonomously.
39. James Joyce, whom Samuel Beckett knew in

Paris in the 1920s, had a great impact on
Becketts thinking regarding the art of writing.
A) Samuel Beckettin 1920lerde Pariste tand
James Joyceun, Beckettin yazma sanatyla ilgili
dnceleri zerinde byk bir etkisi oldu.
B) According to the terms of the Government of

Ireland Act of 1920, Northern Ireland makes up a
significant part of the United Kingdom despite
the fact that its government is semi-autonomous.
B) James Joyceun yazma sanat konusundaki dncelerinden ok etkilenen Samuel Beckett,

onu 1920lerde Pariste tanmt.
C) Northern Ireland is an integral part of the United

Kingdom, but, in accordance with the provisions
made in 1920 in the Government of Ireland Act,
it has a semi-autonomous government.
C) Samuel Beckett 1920lerde James Joycela

Pariste tantktan sonra, yazma sanat konusundaki dnceleri bir lde deiti.
D) Northern Ireland is regarded as an essential part

of the United Kingdom and, under the terms of
the Government of Ireland Act of 1920, is
administered by a semi-autonomous
government.
D) James Joyce 1920lerde Pariste tand Samuel

Beckettin yazma sanat konusundaki dncelerini byk lde etkiledi.
E) 1920lerde Pariste yaayan Samuel Beckettin
yazma sanat konusundaki dnceleri James
Joyce sayesinde tamamyla deiti.
E) According to the provisions made in the 1920

Government of Ireland Act, Northern Ireland,
which is an inseparable part of the United
Kingdom, has a semi-autonomous
administration.
A
NGLZCE
44. On dokuzuncu yzyln sonlarnda X nlar kefedildiinde, bilim adamlar benzer tr baka nlar bulmak iin hemen youn aratrmalara giritiler.
42. Patarada pek ok pansiyon ve birka grkemli

otel olmasna ramen, geleneksel ky yaam
hl devam etmektedir.
A) Patara boasts various pensions and a number of
magnificent hotels even though village life
continues here in a traditional way.
A) It was in the late nineteenth century that,

following the discovery of X-rays, scientists
suddenly embarked on a serious research
programme to trace various other similar rays.
B) Despite a number of pensions and some

excellent hotels, Patara is still a village which
has a traditional way of life.
B) Following the discovery of X-rays in the

nineteenth century, comprehensive research
was soon undertaken by scientists in order to
detect other rays of the same kind.
C) Though a village where traditional life still goes

on, Patara has a great number of pensions and
several luxurious hotels.
C) Towards the end of the nineteenth century, when

X-rays were discovered, scientists were already
involved in extensive research in order to study
other kinds of rays.
D) Although in Patara there are many pensions and

a few splendid hotels, traditional village life still
continues.
E) Patara, which has several pensions but few nice
hotels, is just a village where life goes on in a
traditional manner.
D) The discovery of X-rays in the late nineteenth

century motivated scientists to carry out
exhaustive research in order to detect other
types of rays.
E) When X-rays were discovered in the late
nineteenth century, scientists immediately set
out on intensive research to find other similar
types of rays.
43. On altnc yzyln ilk yarsnda Fransa kral olan

I. Franois, lkesini Avrupada nde gelen bir g
yapmay dlemi, ancak Avusturya imparatoru
V. Charles tarafndan engellenmitir.
45. Roma mparatorluunun yklndan sonra, mparatorluun bir paras olan Avusturya, Slav kkenli eitli milletlerce istila edilmitir.
A) The French king Franois I, who had the dream

of making his country Europes dominant power
in the first half of the sixteenth century, was
opposed by the Austrian emperor Charles V.
A) Following the fall of the Roman Empire, Austria,

which had constituted part of the Empire, was
settled by different peoples of Slavic origin.
B) Franois I, the king of France in the first half of

the sixteenth century, dreamt of making his
country a leading power in Europe but was
prevented by Charles V, emperor of Austria.
B) In the aftermath of the fall of the Roman Empire,

Austria, which had been one of the regions of
the Empire, was overrun by a number of
originally Slavic peoples.
C) Charles V, the emperor of Austria, stood up

against Franois I, the king of France, who
dreamt of making his country a major European
power in the first half of the sixteenth century.
C) Soon after the fall of the Roman Empire, Austria,

which had been a region of the Empire, was
conquered by various nations, mostly of Slavic
origin.
D) Franois I, the king of France, had the dream of

turning his country into the chief European
power in the first half of the sixteenth century
although he was opposed by Charles V, emperor
of Austria.
D) After the fall of the Roman Empire, Austria,

which had been a part of the Empire, was
invaded by various nations of Slavic origin.
E) When the Roman Empire fell, a number of
nations of Slavic origin had already invaded
Austria, which was part of the Empire.
E) The king of France in the first half of the

sixteenth century, Franois I, dreamt of making
his country one of the major powers in Europe
but was dissuaded by the Austrian emperor
Charles V.
A
NGLZCE
48. Headaches are among the most common medical
problems. Some people have headaches often,
while others hardly ever have them. ---- However,
a change in the pattern or nature of headaches
could signal a serious problem and calls for
prompt medical attention.
46. 51. sorularda, bo braklan yere, parann anlam btnln salamak iin getirilebilecek cmleyi bulunuz.
46. Many professions, such as law, rely almost
exclusively on the written and oral word.
Although engineers also must write and speak
well, this alone is insufficient to convey complex
engineering information. For this, graphical or
visual communication is required. ---- In addition,
it can provide readers with insight they can
obtain through no other means.
A) In addition to drugs, which are enormously

beneficial in treating diseases, many other
treatments can help relieve pain.
B) In general, though headaches may be painful
and distressing, they rarely reflect a serious
medical condition.
A) On the contrary, tables are useful for presenting

technical information.
C) Pain is an unpleasant sensation signalling that

the body is damaged or threatened with an
injury.
B) As a matter of fact, graphs are prepared from

tabulated data.
D) On the contrary, high blood pressure may

produce a throbbing sensation in the head.
C) A well-prepared graph can accurately

communicate a great deal of information in just a
few seconds.
E) Actually, pain begins in and around the eyes and

begins to affect the whole head.
D) However, a wide variety of graphs are available

to help visualize data.
E) Nevertheless, graphs should have a descriptive
title.
49. Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who was to become
Victorian Englands most famous woman poet in
the nineteenth century, received an unusual
education for a woman of her time. Availing
herself of her brothers tutor, she studied Latin
and Greek. ---- But as her intellectual and literary
powers matured, her personal life became
increasingly undermined by ill health. Although,
by the age of thirty-nine, she was a prominent
woman of letters, she continued to live in semiseclusion as an invalid in her fathers house,
where she occasionally received visitors.
47. Compared to its Balkan neighbours, Greece is a

wealthy country, but it remains one of the poorer
members of the European Union. ---Nevertheless, with a nominally capitalist
orientation, it has overcome its resemblance to
pre-1989 Eastern Europe. Loss-making state
enterprises have been sold off, and inflation and
interest rates have fallen. However,
unemployment remains high.
A) In her later poems, in which she took up the

cause of Italian nationalism, she was mostly
concerned with the political issues of her time.
A) It is still a developing economy, with the

agriculture and service sectors accounting for
two-thirds of its GNP.
B) Once in Italy, she regained much health and

strength, bearing and raising a son, to whom she
was ardently devoted.
B) Still, the Greek islands attract thousands of

tourists, many of whom come simply to enjoy the
sun and sand and the relaxed pace of life.
C) Hence, in her early work, she tended to use the

visionary modes of Romantic narrative poetry.
C) Accordingly, it now seems poised to become a

significant regional power.
D) Moreover, she read voraciously in history,

philosophy and literature and began to write
poetry from an early age.
D) Furthermore, it has one of the lowest birth rates

in Europe.
E) However, her work fell into disrepute with the

modernist reaction against the didacticism and
rhetorical excess of Victorian poetry.
E) Yet family life and social life are usually one and
the same, and tend to revolve around eating out.
A
NGLZCE
50. The human body changes in many noticeable
ways with age. Perhaps the first sign of aging
occurs when the eye cannot focus easily on
close objects. Often by age 40 or so, many
people find it difficult to read without using
glasses. ---- People tend to lose some ability to
hear the highest pitched tones. Therefore, older
people may find that violin music no longer
sounds as exciting as it did when they were
young.
52. 57. sorularda, verilen durumda sylenmi olabilecek sz bulunuz.

52. You are interviewing someone for a job. You
dont think the applicant has the right
qualifications or even the right character for the
position. However, you decide to give him the
chance to further explain his talents. You say:
A) If you would like to ask any questions you may
do so.
A) Hearing loss may be caused by a mechanical

problem in the ear canal or middle ear that
blocks the conduction of sound.
B) This job starts at a low salary, but there is the

possibility of promotion.
B) Some hearing tests can detect disorders in the

auditory processing areas of the brain.
C) You do realize, dont you, that you will

sometimes be required to work at weekends?
C) Neural hearing loss may be caused by brain

tumours that also damage nearby nerves and
the brain stem.
D) What makes you think you are the best

candidate for this job?
D) People who cant hear well enough may need

hearing aids that keep the volume of sound at a
suitable level.
E) Have you applied elsewhere for a job?
E) Hearing also changes with age.
51. At the beginning of the 1990s, it seemed to all

appearances that the US comprehensively
dominated global affairs. ---- Thus, it was
described as the lonely superpower. However,
that said, the 1990s proved to be a decade of
uncertainty and questioning for many Americans.
In broad terms, the challenges of the post-Cold
War era were as demanding for the US as they
were for other countries.
53. You are at the airport in a foreign city. You want

to hire a taxi to take you to your hotel, but first
you want to find out the fare so that the taxi
driver cant overcharge you. You say to the taxistand attendant:
A) Its very expensive to take a taxi these days, isnt
it?
A) In many respects, the ending of the Cold War

was expected to usher in a period of profound
uncertainty.
B) Im sorry to disturb you, but is there a taxi

available to take me to the Smith Hotel?
B) The debates about US foreign policy in the postCold War period have been shaped by the
impact of world events.
C) Excuse me, could you please tell me

approximately how much it will cost me to go to
the Smith Hotel?
C) One of the most frequently used images of US

foreign-policy making has been that of contest
and struggle.
D) Why arent there any taxis waiting?

E) I think Ill rent a car instead of taking a taxi.
Where are the rental offices?
D) Indeed, the US has always found it difficult to

reconcile the issue of world order with national
perspectives.
E) It occupied a pre-eminent position in terms of
military power, technology and global economic
reach.
10
A
NGLZCE
56. You turn on the television to watch your favourite
programme, only to discover that it had been rescheduled and shown the previous evening.
Since you have missed the programme, you are
angry and say:
54. Your director at work has offered you a

promotion. You dont want to take the position
even though there would be a large pay increase,
because it would involve moving your family to
another city. You go to the director and say:
A) What do you think I should do?
A) Let me see what programmes they have tonight.
B) Thank you for considering me for this position,

but Ive decided Id rather stay where I am for
now.
B) So at what time will the programme be on next

week?
C) Could you give me a week to think it over?
C) Oh well, now I have extra time to get caught up

on my e-mail.
D) How much would my salary increase were I to

take this promotion?
D) Theyve no right to make changes without first

announcing them!
E) Ill take the position only if I can find a good job

for my wife and good schools for my children.
E) Im thinking of buying a new television.
57. You are in a subway train on your way to visit a

friend who is in hospital. You arent sure which
stop to get off at, so you say to another
passenger:
55. You are hosting a dinner party in your home and

want to offer your guests a chance to sit and talk
before they come to the table to eat. As your
guests arrive, you say:
A) Which stop are you getting off at?
A) Wont you come into the living room to have

something to drink and chat before we eat?
B) Is it far to walk to Central Hospital after I get off?
B) I hope that you like lamb its the main dish

tonight.
C) Do you know which stop is the closest to Central

Hospital?
C) Welcome! Thank you so much for coming.
D) This train runs very deep underground, doesnt

it?
D) Lets sit down to eat right away. The foods

getting cold!
E) You need the train going in the opposite

direction, dont you?
E) Can I take your coats for you?
11
A
NGLZCE
cmleyi bulunuz.
58. (I) Science is systematic because of the attention it
gives to organizing knowledge and making it readily
accessible to all who wish to build on its foundation.
(II) If the results support the hypothesis, the scientist
may use them to generate related hypotheses. (III) In
this way science is both a personal and a social
endeavour. (IV) In other words, it is beneficial both to
the individual and to society at large. (V) Moreover,
science contributes a great deal to the improvement
and the quality of human life.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
62. (I) Seismic waves are the vibrations from

earthquakes that travel through Earth. (II) The
Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by
Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of
Technology to compare the intensity of earthquakes.
(III) They are recorded on instruments called
seismographs. (IV) Seismographs record a zigzag
trace that shows the varying amplitude of ground
oscillations beneath the instrument. (V) Sensitive
seismographs, which greatly magnify these ground
movements, can detect strong earthquakes from
sources anywhere in the world.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
E) V
60. (I) Many Romantic writers in Europe were

preoccupied with the fact and idea of revolution.
(II) For instance, in the early period of the French
Revolution, all the leading English Romantics were in
sympathy with it. (III) In fact, they were among its
most fervent adherents. (IV) Through the greater part
of the eighteenth century, man had been viewed as a
limited being in a strictly ordered and essentially
unchanging world. (V) Later, even after the first
enthusiastic expectations had been disappointed by
the events in France, the younger writers felt that its
example still constituted humanitys best hope.
A) I
A) I
E) V
59. (I) As people age, the amount of water in the body

decreases. (II) Since many drugs dissolve in water,
and since less water is available to dilute them, these
drugs reach higher levels of concentration in the
elderly. (III) Also, the kidneys are less able to excrete
drugs into the urine, and the liver is less able to
metabolize many drugs. (IV) For these reasons,
many drugs tend to stay in an elderly persons body
much longer than they would in a younger persons
body. (V) People in every civilization in recorded
history have used drugs of plant and animal origin to
prevent and treat disease.
A) I
61. (I) Modern Bergama is a sleepy agricultural market

town in the midst of a well-watered plain. (II) There
has been a town here since Trojan times. (III) Of
Bergamas four main tourist attractions, only the
museum is in the centre of the town. (IV) However, it
was during the period between Alexander the Great
and the Roman domination that Bergama, then called
Pergamum, enjoyed its greatest prosperity. (V) At
that time, it became one of the Middle Easts richest
and most powerful small kingdoms.
63. (I) In the fall of 2000 and the winter of 2001, Britain
was beset by a series of problems. (II) In September
2000, rising oil prices prompted protests by truck
drivers and farmers who demanded a reduction in the
fuel tax. (III) In November 2000, a series of unusually
severe rainstorms and tornadoes caused high
flooding and killed 12 people. (IV) In June 2001, Blair
won a second landslide victory, with the Labour Party
capturing 413 seats in Parliament. (V) In February
2001, foot-and-mouth disease broke out among
British livestock, prompting other countries to ban
British meat import and forcing the slaughter of
thousands of cattle, pigs and sheep.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
E) V
12
A
NGLZCE
66. On seeing the new shopping centre for the first
time I wondered whether it would succeed, with
all the other shops already in the neighbourhood.

A) Im sure the new shopping centre will make a

profit, because it is much nicer than the other
shops nearby.
64. Visitors to the country are often struck by the

warmth and hospitality of its people.
A) The inhabitants of the country are quite
courteous and kind, which is why so many
people want to visit there.
B) Because there were already many shops in the

area, when I first noticed it I wasnt sure if the
new shopping centre would do well.
B) What always amazes the natives of the country

is the graciousness and geniality of the travellers
there.
C) The thing about the people visiting the country is
that they dislike being surprised.
C) Due to the lack of shops in the area, I couldnt

understand why the new shopping centre wasnt
successful from the beginning.
D) There are quite a few shops in the
neighbourhood, so the new shopping centre will
face stiff competition.
D) The friendliness and generosity of the countrys

inhabitants frequently impress tourists.
E) I dont know why they built a new shopping

centre in our neighbourhood; there was certainly
no need for one.
E) The countrys natives are especially friendly and

helpful to tourists, which greatly surprised us all.
67. A recent survey regarding new engineering

graduates revealed that these graduates lack
communication skills.
65. Today we are more prosperous and have better

relationships across the generations than ever
before.
A) I think people today have more money than they
used to, but inter-generational relationships have
suffered as a consequence.
A) New engineering graduates are not as good at

communicating as their predecessors, according
to the results of a recent survey.
B) In the past there used to be more prosperity and

better inter-generational communication.
B) A deficiency in communicative skills was the

most common complaint about new engineering
graduates, according to a recent survey.
C) People these days are better off financially and

there is better communication between different
age groups than at any time in the past.
C) The fact that recent engineering graduates do

not have the ability to make themselves
understood was made clear by a new survey.
D) These days we are better at establishing trust

between people than we used to be, although
we may lack financial resources.
D) The results of a new survey on engineering

graduates suggest that the most recent of these
graduates are only average communicators.
E) Nowadays people think that relationships and

trust between generations are more important
than wealth.
E) Good communication skills were rated in a

recent survey as the most sought-after quality in
new engineering graduates.
13
A
NGLZCE
68. Until recently people felt that Nigerian ministers
were being too optimistic, but there is now no
question that the countrys financial position is
growing steadily stronger.

braklan ksmn tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) It is now clear that Nigerias economy is in a

strong upward cycle but previously people
doubted the hopeful attitude of Nigerian
ministers.
70. Cheryl :
- Did Michelle tell you what happened to her on
her vacation in Thailand?
B) Nigerian ministers today have no apprehensions

about their countrys financial status, as it is plain
that it is constantly getting better.
C) In the past, even though Nigerias economic
status was constantly improving, people were
often mistrustful of its ministers confident views.
D) Though Nigerian ministers were previously
sceptical of positive ideas about their countrys
financial status, it has become obvious that its
economy is advancing day by day.
Mike :
- ---Cheryl :
- Yes, thats it. Shed booked a hotel room online, and when she arrived the hotel was full.
She had to spend four hours in the rain trying
to find another place to stay.
A) When did she return from her trip?
B) She told me all about it.
E) Today we see that Nigeria is progressing

economically, but in the recent past, this was not
the case and economists were wary of the
optimistic views of its leaders.
C) No; what happened?

D) Thailand? I thought she went to Indonesia for
her vacation.
E) Wasnt it something to do with her hotel
reservation?
71. Jeff :
- Are there considerable cultural differences in
the way business is conducted between China
and Western countries?
Neal :
- Oh yes, there are many differences and you
have to be aware of these if you want to
succeed in China.
69. Its only now that she understands how unhappy
she was during her twenties.
Jeff :
- ----
A) Despite the fact that her twenties were not a

happy time for her, she now understands how to
be happy.
B) What makes her regretful is that, in her twenties,
she could not be happy at all.
C) Having been unhappy during her twenties, she is
now a very understanding person.
Neal :
- Well, in Western-style business, we focus on
the deal, the possibilities and the risks. In
China, top businessmen spend a good deal of
time exploring what sort of person you are.
Your character is more important than what you
do.
A) What sort of differences?
D) She was terribly unhappy during her twenties,

but she has only just realized it.
B) Have you ever done business in China?
E) She now realizes that she must come to terms

with the unhappiness she faced in her twenties.
C) How does one go about making business

contacts there?
D) What are the advantages of doing business in
China?
E) Which regions of China are the best for making
high profits?
14
A
NGLZCE
72. Carol :
- People appreciate the extraordinary beauty of
butterflies, but their colours and shapes might
also be functional, mightnt they?
74. Meghan :
- Did you know that the government will reduce
the amount of taxes you have to pay this year if
your baby is born on or before December 31st?
Paul :
- Ive really no idea. In what way?
Anna :
th
- Well, mines due on December 27 .
Carol :
- ----
Meghan :
- ----
Paul :
- Really? Thats interesting.
Anna :
- Me too. I could really use a bit of extra money
for the babys things.
A) This specific chapter is on the evolution of

patterns on the wings of butterflies.
A) Well, I hope its not born after the deadline.
B) For instance, the markings that resemble eyes

on butterflies may help them startle predators
and then escape from them.
B) Oh no, you might miss the deadline if its

overdue!
C) How nice to have a baby born around the New
Year.
C) This has to do with genetics. One should try to

learn more about it.
D) This book gives examples of all of this and more.
E) Some dark forms of swallowtail butterflies mimic
unrelated inedible species. Is that what you are
referring to?
D) What does your daughter think about having a

new little brother or sister?
E) Well, thats all right, then.
75. James :
- Are you planning to attend any of the plays at
the Shakespeare festival this year?
73. Helen :
- I think forensics programmes on TV are giving
a distorted view of what forensic science can or
cannot do.
Mark :
- ----
Allie :
- ---James :
- One critic, Harold Bloom, says that its because
he teaches us more about ourselves than any
other writer.
Allie :
- That could be the reason.
Helen :
- But they do. Some attorneys think that these
forensics programmes can affect the jurors
demands and decisions.
A) Id like to, but Im not sure Ill have time. Why do

you ask?
B) No, but did you know that he wasnt really
respected by the public during his own lifetime?
It was only a hundred years later that he was
taken seriously.
A) I think most people are responsible enough not

to be affected.
B) You do? In what way?
C) Do you actually watch those programmes?
C) Im planning to see all of them. In fact, Ive

already bought a season ticket.
D) Oh, come on. People dont take those

programmes seriously!
D) Do you know, Shakespeares really not my

favourite thing.
E) Whats on TV this evening?
E) Yes, of course. I wonder what it is that makes his

plays so popular, year after year.
15
A
NGLZCE
78. As we learn from the passage, occult practices in
our time ----.

cevaplaynz.
Unlike the older forms of occultism, such as magic
and astrology, organized occultism is a modern
phenomenon. Few of the various organized occult
movements have existed for more than 150 years;
some were formed as a belated countermovement to
the Enlightenment, when people began to follow
rational schools of thought. Todays occult views are
based on the idea that there are events within nature,
as well as within ones spiritual life, which seem
mysterious and cannot be explained by science.
Examples include extrasensory perceptions such as
telepathy and telekinesis, and haunted places or
people. Believers maintain that these phenomena
stem from unknown powers that can often be
accessed only by some people with special abilities.
A) are particularly widespread among people who

follow rational schools of thought
B) have mostly focused on the mysteries of
telepathy and telekinesis
C) essentially stem from the occult movements of
the past
D) are concerned with phenomena which are
thought to be scientifically inexplicable
E) seem to benefit from science in explaining
natural phenomena
79. It is implied in the passage that magic and

astrology ----.
76. We understand from the passage that adherents

of occultism claim that certain people ----.
A) have extraordinary talents that allow them to
have contact with the unknown
A) have failed as occult practices in explaining

extrasensory perceptions
B) practise magic and explain events by means of

astrological signs
B) are forms of occultism which can be traced back

into the past
C) were the pioneers of the anti-Enlightenment

movements in the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries
C) lost their significance with the rise of rationalism

during the Enlightenment
D) can tell us what places are haunted and why
D) did not exist as occult practices prior to the

Enlightenment
E) can teach others what extrasensory perceptions

are
E) have always been used in order to communicate

with unknown powers
77. According to the passage, some of the organized

occult movements in the past came into being
----.
80. It is obvious from the passage that occultism ----.

A) contributes enormously to a more
comprehensive understanding of nature
A) as a result of various magical and astrological

practices
B) has gained far more popularity in modern times

than in the past
B) since people in the past were seriously

concerned about their extrasensory perceptions
C) is an unscientific practice that doesnt rely on

rationality
C) because the public was not satisfied with

scientific explanations of events in nature
D) can fully explain the spiritual side of humanity
D) due to the assumption that many phenomena in

nature were related to mans spiritual life
E) derives a great deal from magic and astrology
E) in reaction to the rational thinking style that

characterized the Enlightenment
16
A
NGLZCE
83. It is pointed out in the passage that, during their
travels, the professor and the Chinese couple ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) were often harassed by the proprietors

The assumption that a persons attitudes determine
his or her behaviour is deeply ingrained in Western
thinking, and in many instances the assumption
holds. However, research has shown that the
relationship between attitudes and behaviour is
complex. A classic study conducted during the 1930s
was the first to question the link. A white professor
travelled across the US with a young Chinese
couple. At that time, there was quite strong prejudice
against Asians, and there were no laws against racial
discrimination. The three travellers stopped at over
200 hotels, motels and restaurants, and were served
at all the restaurants and all but one of the hotels and
motels without problem. Later, a letter was sent to all
of the establishments visited, asking them whether or
not they would accept a Chinese couple as guests.
Of the 128 replies received, 92 per cent said they
would not. In other words, these proprietors
expressed attitudes that were much more prejudiced
than their behaviour.
B) were doing research to find out whether a

persons behaviour affects his or her attitudes
C) encountered discriminatory behaviour only on
one occasion
D) were not upset at all by the proprietors racist
attitudes
E) were extremely surprised by the proprietors
prejudice against them
84. The point has been made in the passage that the
American people ----.
A) have always been remarkably hospitable to
Asians visiting America
81. One understands from the passage that the link

between attitudes and behaviour ----.
B) in the 1930s really did dislike Asians
A) had already been established before the 1930s
C) have waged war against racial discrimination

since the 1930s
B) has always been a major topic of psychological

research
D) and the Asians have always discriminated

against each other
C) has aroused a great deal of controversy in the

US
E) always do their best to provide comfort for their

guests, no matter what their racial background
D) is an area which has been neglected and,

indeed, deserves fresh study
E) is not so definite as has been generally assumed
85. It is clear from the passage that the replies the
professor received from the proprietors to whom
he sent letters ----.
82. As one concludes from the passage, racial
discrimination ----.
A) revealed a strong attitude of racial discrimination

against the Chinese
A) is the way whereby the relationship between

attitudes and behaviour can best be assessed
B) could not be regarded as an indication of

prevalent racism in the US
B) has always been a major issue in the US and

cannot be eradicated
C) were not concerned with the interrelationship

between ones attitudes and behaviour
C) was a problem of the 1930s in the US, but has

now disappeared altogether
D) were confined only to a very small part of the US
D) in the US and the rest of the world can be fought

most effectively through legislation
E) clearly showed why ones attitudes determine

ones behaviour
E) was not practised by a great majority of the

proprietors visited by the professor and his
Chinese companions
17
A
NGLZCE
88. According to the passage, while the narrator was
in New Zealand, he ----.

cevaplaynz.
When you stay as a guest in someones house, you
give up your anonymity. This becomes quite a
challenge if you are the kind of person who cherishes
independence. However, when you and your host
are on the same wavelength, you can have a trip
more special than money can buy. Some years ago
when I went to Auckland, New Zealand, for the first
time, my hosts were a couple, about my age, whom I
had met while travelling in Europe. They had a full
programme lined up for me. They drove me around
and showed me their favourite hot springs and also
the beach where a popular TV series had once been
filmed. At mealtimes, they introduced me to their
favourite restaurants, where I sampled cheeses from
south New Zealand that dont get exported, and fruits
grown locally. Normally such a tight schedule would
make me nervous, but I found myself happily
relinquishing control to my hosts, who truly
understood the pleasures of their native country and
enjoyed sharing them. I couldnt have encountered
this New Zealand on my own.
A) tried to find ways whereby he could travel

independently
B) had the opportunity to taste the native produce
unique to the country
C) was frustrated with the programme prepared for
him by his hosts
D) was particularly attracted by the location of a
popular TV series
E) did not have enough money to see the other
parts of the country outside Auckland
89. It is pointed out in the passage that the narrator

and his hosts ----.
A) knew each other before he travelled to New
Zealand
B) had made a long journey together across many
European countries
86. As we understand from the passage, the narrator

----.
A) was a person who shamelessly exploited the
couples hospitality
C) spent a fortune to experience the pleasures of

New Zealand
B) expected his hosts to meet all the expenses of

his sightseeing in and around Auckland
D) were genuinely interested in sampling a large

variety of New Zealands food and drinks
C) and his hosts had similar tastes and interests,

which made his trip most enjoyable
E) were independent people who preferred to be on

their own
D) was more interested in eating than visiting

places
E) enjoyed the beginning of the holiday but not the
latter part
90. It is implied in the passage that the narrator

usually likes ----.
87. It is suggested in the passage that a person with

a sense of independence ----.
A) local food more than nationally popular food
A) enjoys travelling together with other people

B) can make friends easily while travelling
B) to be in New Zealand rather than in Europe or

anywhere else
C) soon mixes with other people
C) to follow a full programme on his travels
D) wants to be led around by friends who know the

territory
D) to see his travels as a challenge
E) usually prefers to be anonymous when he or she

travels
E) to travel in a relaxed and leisurely way
18
A
NGLZCE
93. We understand from the passage that Finlands
population ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) resents outside interference in its economy

In Finland now, everything is all right. Fifteen years
after one of the worst recessions any European
country has seen, triggered by the collapse of the
Soviet Union, the Finns feel very content. Their small
country of a population of 5 million is the first in the
World Economic Forums list of the worlds most
competitive countries, and the second in its
business-competitiveness index. It is also the first in
the OECDs world ranking of educational
performance and has the second-highest share of
research-and-development spending in the European
Union. Moreover, the country is reversing its
demographic decline and, hence, its fertility rate is
one of the highest in Europe. Perhaps best of all the
Finns are facing globalization without paranoia.
Theirs is one of the few European countries to have
succeeded in businesses in which international
prices are falling because of global competition and
technological change. In most of Europe public
opinion and even business lites seem gloomily
resigned to being overwhelmed by India and China.
Finland suggests that this fate is not inevitable.
B) is becoming one of the highest in Europe

C) is an extremely competitive one when it comes
to internal trade
D) is now increasing due to a higher birth rate
E) is not well-educated by European standards
94. We see from the passage that Finlands economy

----.
A) is by far the strongest in the world
B) remains unaffected by technological change
C) is still undergoing the effects of the fall of the
Soviet Union
D) has had a direct effect on its fertility rate
91. We learn from the passage that, in addition to

Finlands recent economic success, ----.
E) hasnt always been stable
A) it is also a popular tourist destination

B) it is resigned to being overwhelmed by India
C) it also ranks very high in education
D) it remains in a deep recession
E) its businesses are not globally competitive
95. According to the passage, one indicator of
Finlands economic success is its ----.
92. It is clear from the passage that Finlands
previously weak economy ----.
A) experience with recession
A) was caused by the collapse of the Soviet Union
B) high ranking within the World Economic Forum
B) had no effect on the countrys standing in the

World Economic Forum
C) paranoia regarding globalization

D) small population
C) caused the country to spend more on research

and development
E) public opinion regarding China
D) improved dramatically fifteen years ago

E) became stronger after it began to reverse its
demographic decline
19
A
NGLZCE
98. We understand from the passage that, when
Kenneth Lay was a child, he ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) worked as a part-time salesman together with

his father
Until the giant American energy company Enron

collapsed, and its director Kenneth Lay was
imprisoned, his life had been a model of the
American dream of rising from rags to riches on the
strength of merit and hard work. His beginnings were
socially and financially very modest. He was born in
Tyrone, Missouri, in 1942, as the son of a preacher
who was also a part-time salesman. He helped his
father make ends meet by cutting grass and
delivering papers. His start in the energy industry
seemed similarly modest. After obtaining a doctoral
degree in economics from the University of Houston,
he got his start in the booming Texan oil industry. In
1985 he merged Houston Natural Gas with
InterNorth of Nebraska in order to form Enron. As
Enron became stronger, Mr Lay turned increasingly
to politics and was one of the biggest donors to the
Bush-Cheney campaign. After Mr Bush entered the
White House, Mr Lay had hopes of a seat in the
cabinet, perhaps as energy secretary or even at the
Treasury. However, for reasons that remain unclear,
Mr Bush overlooked him, so his professional life
ended in frustration.
B) wanted to become a preacher like his father

C) moved with his family from Tyrone, Missouri, to
Houston, Texas
D) contributed to his familys income by working at
part-time jobs
E) dreamed of becoming an oil tycoon
99. We can infer from the passage that Kenneth Lay

expected Mr Bush to offer him a high position in
his administration because Mr Lay ----.
A) had contributed a very large amount of money to
Mr Bushs presidential campaign
B) was an important player in the Texan oil industry
C) was frustrated with his political life
96. According to the passage, after Mr Bush was

elected president of the US, Kenneth Lay ----.
D) had obtained a high level of education, and was

therefore quite knowledgeable
A) turned increasingly to politics
E) had become very rich through his hard work
B) became involved in the Texan oil industry

C) was not offered a cabinet seat
D) obtained a doctoral degree from the University of
Houston
100. We see from the passage that Kenneth Lays

imprisonment was ----.
A) the result of his involvement in the Bush-Cheney
campaign
E) dissolved Enron, the company he had created
B) a miscarriage of justice
C) due to a crime he had committed while studying
at the University of Houston
97. It is clear from the passage that the giant

American energy company Enron was founded
through ----.
A) Kenneth Lays increasing interest in politics
D) carried out despite the fact that he was a good

friend of President Bush
B) Kenneth Lays dream of rising from rags to

riches
E) implemented at around the same time that

Enron, the company he had founded, collapsed
C) the fact that Kenneth Lay had been imprisoned

D) Kenneth Lays modest beginnings as the son of
a preacher and part-time salesman
TEST BTT.
E) the merging of two companies: Houston Natural

Gas and InterNorth
20

12 KASIM 2006
NGLZCE
A KTAPII
1. B
26. D
51. E
76. A
2. D
27. E
52. D
77. E
3. A
28. A
53. C
78. D
4. C
29. A
54. B
79. B
5. D
30. B
55. A
80. C
6. C
31. D
56. D
81. E
7. E
32. A
57. C
82. E
8. B
33. B
58. B
83. C
9. E
34. C
59. E
84. B
10. B
35. E
60. D
85. A
11. A
36. B
61. C
86. C
12. B
37. C
62. B
87. E
13. C
38. E
63. D
88. B
14. E
39. A
64. D
89. A
15. D
40. B
65. C
90. E
16. B
41. C
66. B
91. C
17. C
42. D
67. C
92. A
18. A
43. B
68. A
93. D
19. E
44. E
69. D
94. E
20. C
45. D
70. E
95. B
21. A
46. C
71. A
96. C
22. D
47. A
72. B
97. E
23. E
48. B
73. D
98. D
24. D
49. D
74. A
99. A
25. E
50. E
75. E
100. E
2007
May
A
NGLZCE
5. Cells convert energy from one form to another
and use that energy to ---- various activities,
ranging from mechanical work to chemical
synthesis.
A) turn off
1. Volcanoes are built by the ---- of their own

eruptive products, which are lava, ash flows,
airborne ash and dust.
A) accumulation
B) destruction
C) explosion
D) instability
B) use up
D) carry out
C) take in
E) pick up
E) growth
6. The British government ---- details of the next

stage of its genetically modified cropfield trials,
thus ---- off a now familiar cycle of debate and
demonstration.
2. China and India serve as models for Africa

because their experiences hold lessons for
developing countries on how to manage ---economic and political transformation.
A) deceitful
B) persuasive
D) irregular
A) has released / setting

B) will release / to set
C) accessible
C) would have released / having set
E) gradual
D) is releasing / to have set

E) released / to be set
3. In the largely closed economies of the Gulf,

private as well as public funds have ---- turned to
real estate and equity markets, fuelling a
dangerous speculative boom.
A) unlikely
B) nominally
D) still
C) rapidly
E) tightly
7. Training schemes in the United Kingdom ---- by

the government as unemployment ----.
A) were encouraged / will have worsened

4. Certain nations have ---- the use of prenatal
diagnostic techniques to select the sex of an
unborn child; but, bribery and human ingenuity
have made it easy for prospective parents to bypass the statute.
A) removed
B) outlawed
D) sustained
B) would be encouraged / had been worsened

C) have been encouraged / has worsened
D) had been encouraged / may worsen
C) explored
E) are encouraged / would have worsened
E) retained
A
NGLZCE
12. At present, the European Union imports about
one quarter of its gas and one third of its oil from
Russia, ---- countries such as Slovakia, Finland,
Poland, Hungary, the Baltic states and the
Ukraine are totally or very heavily dependent on
Russian energy.
8. After the Germanic invasions, Celtic cultures,

which in pre-Roman times ---- most of Western
Europe, ---- almost entirely to the British Isles.
A) had covered / were confined

B) have been covering / have been confined
A) even though
C) had been covering / would be confined
B) since
D) while
C) whether
E) in case
D) have covered / could have been confined

E) were covering / had been confined
13. Several species of birds in Vietnam vanished

during the war, ---- they began to reappear in the
1980s and their gradual return has been
encouraged by Vietnamese villagers.
9. An Indian drug company has offered to supply an

anti-AIDS drug ---- sufferers in developing
countries ---- less than one-twentieth of the
standard cost in the West.
A) in / to
B) at / over
D) to / at
A) but
D) when
C) unless
E) if
C) with / for
E) on / with
14. Countries are interested ---- in their absolute

economic welfare, ---- in how well they are
performing compared to other countries.
10. The main attention at the World Economic Forum,

when it was not focused ---- China, centred on
Africas remarkable economic growth ---- the past
couple of years.
A) in / with
B) since
B) on / over
D) by / at
C) of / towards
A) both / as well as
B) as / as
C) so much / as
D) more / but
E) not only / but also
E) from / through
15. A structural formula is a chemical formula that

shows how the atoms are bonded to ---- in a
molecule.
11. In child development, play and exploration are

similar ---- they are both intrinsically motivated
behaviours and not directed by external goals.
A) on the other hand
B) whereas
C) otherwise
D) after
A) another
B) others
D) each other
C) the others
E) every other
E) since
A
NGLZCE
ifadeyi bulunuz.
ifadeyi bulunuz.
Music educators give us many good reasons for

playing. It is said to feed our intelligence and (16) ---our self-esteem. It removes us from the anxieties of
daily life, placing us in the curious world of selfexpression, (17) ---- the linear passage of time
seems to vanish. Of course, the roots of British
musicianship go far deeper than a list of healthy
lifestyle tips. Britains history has shaped a great
diversity of musical traditions, many of which (18) ---flourish. The patchwork of Anglo-Saxon and Celtic
nations, the myths of a rural idyll created (19) ---rapid urbanization, the close relationship with
America and the immigration from the West Indies,
south Asia and Africa all (20) ---- to the wealth of
music literature and recordings.
Education is both a consumption and an investment

good. The (21) ---- of knowledge by reading a book
can give pleasure and benefits to an individual
equivalent to consuming an ice-cream or seeing a
film at the cinema. But education can also help
advance in a chosen career (22) ---- success is
achieved in specific examinations. If a financial gain
is thereby achieved, then the time spent in the
educational process (23) ---- seen as an investment.
By investing in yourself you hope that your enhanced
skills add to your potential earning power in the
labour market; your qualifications should help you to
compete that much better against those (24) ---qualified for a particular job. As far as an employer is
concerned, your educational qualification is a means
(25) ---- filtering where there is keen competition for a
post.
16.
A) raise
B) appreciate
D) represent
C) afflict
21.
E) provoke
A) contribution
B) exclusion
D) acquisition
17.
C) obscurity
E) continuation
22.
A) wherever
B) which
D) how
C) where
A) even so
E) whom
B) since
D) as if
18.
C) if
E) unless
23.
A) then
B) still
D) almost
C) thus
A) might have been
E) too
B) would be
D) had been
19.
C) was
E) can be
24.
A) of
B) in
D) with
C) at
A) as much
E) by
B) less
D) the same
C) least
E) fewer
20.
A) have contributed
B) would contribute
C) had contributed
D) will contribute
25.
A) of
E) to have contributed
B) by
D) with
C) over
E) through
A
NGLZCE
29. If there is too much mineral accumulation in the
compost, ----.

A) roots get burnt and plants die

26. Though the smell of fumes in an aircraft cockpit
may not always spell danger, ----.
B) some plants need less fertilizer than others
A) a forced landing could have been avoided
C) the flowering season was greatly reduced
B) even a small sensor can detect a wide range of
D) most plants grow far more quickly in wet areas
chemicals
E) the growing conditions also need to be

considered
C) harmless fumes had been caused by a small

leak of oil
D) it is guaranteed to alarm the pilot

E) such a detector can easily be fitted into an
aircraft
27. Because children enjoy the process of play, ----.
A) various other options had been taken into

consideration
B) they are not primarily focused on achieving a

product or achieving a goal
C) group demands begin to grow steadily

D) many alternative approaches also had to be
tested
30. ---- that the reasons for introducing the newdesign dollar bills were the persistent reports of
high quality counterfeits circulating in the Middle
East.
E) the acquisition of social skills is a positive asset
A) Following a US Secret Service probe, the US

Federal Reserve has wondered
B) Enormous quantities of dollar bills are held in

reserve in the US and overseas
C) All of them are old allegations made by the US
28. ---- when countered by antistress measures such

as exercising, enjoying time with friends and
cultivating a hobby.
Federal Reserve
D) The US governments currency policy has been

sharply criticised
A) The ladder of success is a hard one
E) It has been claimed, but never confirmed by the
B) There must be a balance between tension and
US Federal Reserve,
relaxation
C) Workloads seem lighter

D) Relaxation techniques are easy to learn
E) Stress can be understood in a variety of ways
A
NGLZCE
33. Africa Report is a weekly TV programme ----.
31. The United Nations officially recognized the

greenhouse effect in 1995, ----.
A) unless it showcases the very best in Africa
A) when its International Panel on Climate noted
B) that focuses on business and investment in
that human activity had a discernible influence

on global temperatures
Africa
B) as the economies of developing nations will grow
C) though it covers everything from economic
C) if developing nations were exempted from the
D) so it has 250 million viewers in Africa alone
reform to rewarding investment opportunities
over the next few decades

Kyoto Agreement
E) as it is brought to you by the worlds leading
D) since the US government announced that it
business channel
would not participate in Kyoto Agreement
E) that the participating nations must make large

and costly changes in their energy systems
34. Environmentalists are criticizing the patent office

for delaying its decision on some new measuring
instruments ----.
32. Oxygen, sugars and amino acids are allowed into

the brain ----.
A) while the guidelines have been consistently

ignored
A) as toxins could severely impair the brains

functioning
B) if applications for patents on plants are on the

increase
B) which provided early evidence of the blood-brain

barrier
C) before objections were filed against patents on a

herbicide resistant plant
C) but most other substances are kept out

D) that controls which molecules in the bloodstream
D) since they believe that these are urgently
E) just as no other organ is equally efficient
E) as if the controversy had actually died down
needed to detect certain problems
can enter the brain
A
NGLZCE
37. It is time to recall that the European Union was
founded on the basis of human rights,
fundamental freedoms and the rule of law,
including the right to a fair trial.
35. ----, they operate as effective carriers and may

pass it on to other birds which are more
susceptible.
A) Though many migratory birds are immune to the
A) Bir kez daha anmsanmaldr ki Avrupa Birliinin
effects of the avian flu virus
temeli, insan haklarna, temel zgrlklere ve

adil yarglanma hakkn da ieren hukukun stnlne dayaldr.
B) Since many residents of outlying villages have
refused to carry out the culling of their chickens

to prevent the spread of avian flu
B) Her zaman anmsanmaldr ki Avrupa Birliinin
C) Despite the fact that the avian flu virus is spread,
dayand temel, insan haklar, temel zgrlkler, hukukun stnl ve buna bal adil yarglanma hakkdr.
primarily, by migratory birds
D) As symptoms of bird flu in humans are similar to
C) nsan haklar, temel zgrlkler, hukukun stn-
those of common flu
l ve bunun bir paras olan adil yarglanma

hakknn, Avrupa Birliinin temelini oluturduu
hususu her zaman anmsanmaldr.
E) If the spread of the avian flu virus through
populations of wild birds remains unchecked
D) Avrupa Birliinin, insan haklar, temel zgrlkler ve, adil yarglanma hakk dahil, hukukun stnl temeli zerine kurulduunu anmsamann zamandr.
E) Avrupa Birliinin temelinde, insan haklar, temel

zgrlkler, adil yarglanma hakk ve hukukun
stnlnn olduunu anmsamann tam zamandr.

36. More than any other factor in human history,
culture has made homo sapiens a unique force in
the history of life on Earth.
38. Do you think there is anywhere in the world

where the left remains a vibrant and progressive
force?
A) nsanlk tarihindeki dier etkenlerden herhangi
biri kadar etkili olan kltr, homo sapiensi yeryzndeki yaam tarihinin tek gcne dntrmtr.
A) Solun, dnyann herhangi bir yerinde varln
srdren dinamik ve ilerici bir g olduunu mu

dnyorsunuz?
B) Kltr, insanlk tarihindeki baka herhangi bir
B) Dinamik ve ilerici bir g olarak solun, dnyadaki
etkenden daha fazla, homo sapiensi, yeryzndeki yaam tarihinde emsalsiz bir g yapmtr.
herhangi bir yerde hl varln srdrdn

m sanyorsunuz?
C) Yeryzndeki yaam tarihinin esiz bir gc olan
C) Sanyor musunuz ki bir zamanlarn dinamik ve
homo sapiensin insanlk tarihinde baka bir etkenden daha ok nem kazanmas, kltr ile
mmkn olmutur.
ilerici gc olan sol, dnyann herhangi bir yerinde varln srdrmektedir?
D) Solun, eskisi gibi dinamik ve ilerici bir g olarak
D) nsanlk tarihinde herhangi bir etkenden daha
dnyann herhangi bir yerinde varln srdrdn m sanyorsunuz?
nemli olan kltr vastasyla, homo sapiens,

yeryzndeki yaam tarihindeki tek g olmutur.
E) Dnyada, solun dinamik ve ilerici bir g olarak

varln srdrd herhangi bir yer olduunu
dnyor musunuz?
E) nsanlk tarihinde baka etkenlerin yan sra kltr olmasayd, homo sapiens yeryzndeki yaam tarihinin emsalsiz gc olamazd.
A
NGLZCE
39. Temples were the most important public
buildings in ancient Greece, because religion was
a central part of daily life.

A) Eski Yunanda tapnaklar en nemli kamu binala-
41. Dilbilimi, son zamanlarda hemen tm alanlarda

muazzam bir genileme salayan, gen bir sosyal
bilimdir.
ryd; nk din, gnlk yaamn temel bir parasyd.
B) Din gnlk yaamn temelini oluturduu iin, ta-
A) Linguistics, which is, in a sense, a young social
pnaklar eski Yunanda en nemli kamu binalar

olarak kabul ediliyordu.
science, has expanded in every area in recent

times.
C) Eski Yunanda gnlk yaamn byk lde di-
B) Linguistics is a young social science, which has
ne dayanmas, tapnaklarn neden en nemli kamu binalar olduunu aklyor.
recently had a massive expansion in almost all

areas.
D) Eski Yunanda dinin gnlk yaamn temel bir
C) As a young social science, linguistics has
paras olmas, tapnaklar kamu binalarnn en

nemlisi haline getirmiti.
expanded enormously in all areas in recent

years.
E) Eski Yunanda, en nemli kamu binalar olan
D) Although linguistics is in fact a somewhat young
tapnaklarda srdrlen din faaliyetler gnlk

yaamn en temel parasyd.
social science, its recent expansion in almost all

fields has been remarkable.
E) Linguistics, which has expanded rapidly in all
areas in recent years, is in fact a young social

science.
42. Shakespearein ailesi, idam, 13. yzyl ortasnda

kayda gemi olan Warwickshirel ekiya William
Saksperee dayanmaktadr.
40. In the last century, much attention was given to
the language of literature and the question of
whether there was in fact a separate literary
language.
A) It is to William Sakspere, a Warwickshire robber

in the mid-13th century, whose hanging is
recorded, that Shakespeares family is related.
B) William Sakspere was a mid-13th century
A) Geen yzylda, edebiyat dili ok ilgi ekmi ve
Warwickshire robber whose hanging was

recorded and to whom Shakespeares family can
be traced.
gerekte apayr bir edeb dil olup olmad sorusu zerinde nemle durulmutur.
B) Geen yzylda, edebiyat dili ok ilgi ekmi ve
C) Shakespeares family can be traced back to a
apayr bir edeb dil olup olmad sorusu hep tartlmtr.
Warwickshire robber, William Sakspere, who

was hung some time in the mid-13th century.
C) Geen yzylda, edebiyat diline ve gerekte ayr
D) Shakespeares family goes back to the
bir edeb dil olup olmad sorusuna ok ilgi gsterilmitir.
Warwickshire robber William Sakspere, whose

hanging was recorded in the mid-13th century.
D) Edebiyat dilinin ne olduu ve apayr bir edeb
E) Shakespeares family has been traced back to
dilin gerekten var olup olmad sorusu, geen

yzylda ok ilgi ekmitir.
William Sakspere, a Warwickshire robber, whose

hanging in the mid-13th century was recorded.
E) Edebiyat dili geen yzylda ok tartlmtr ve
gerekte ayr bir edeb dilin olup olmad sorusu

ele alnmtr.
A
NGLZCE
45. ABD, Arap petrolnn serbest akn salamak
iin asker g dahil gerekli her vastay kullanmaya kendini resmen baml klmtr.
43. Yallarn genleri sayca geecei bir gelecekten

korkan pek ok hkmet, insanlar ocuk sahibi
olmaya tevik etmek iin ne gerekiyorsa yapmaktadr.
A) In order to secure the free flow of Arab oil, the
A) Fearful of a future in which the elderly
USA has officially decided to resort to any

means imaginable, including military force.
outnumber the young, many governments are

doing whatever they can to encourage people to
have children.
B) The USA is officially committed to the use of any

means necessary, including military force, to
ensure the free flow of Arab oil.
B) Most governments, afraid of a future in which
there are more elderly than young people, are

taking whatever measures they can in order to
persuade people to have more children.
C) It is a determined policy of the USA to make
sure, through the official use of any means,

including military force, that Arab oil flows freely.
C) In order to urge people to have more and more
D) The USA is clearly determined to use any means
children, a number of governments, which fear

that the elderly will outnumber the young in the
future, are introducing whatever incentives they
can.
whatsoever, even military force, in an effort to

secure the unobstructed flow of Arab oil.
E) It is the official policy of the USA to ensure the
D) Various governments fear a future in which the
free flow of Arab oil by using all kinds of means

except military force.
number of the elderly will exceed that of the

young, and are hence doing their best in order to
convince people to have children.
E) Since governments are afraid that, in the future,
the number of the elderly will exceed that of the

young, they are doing all they can so that people
may have more children.
46. 51. sorularda, bo braklan yere, parada anlam btnln salamak iin getirilebilecek cmleyi bulunuz.
44. Elmaslar, muhteem gzellikleri iin ok iddetle

arzu edilir, ancak basit gerek u ki onlar sadece
sktrlm kristalize karbondur.
46. In recent years, the amount of aid for developing

countries has increased, and the price of many
drugs has fallen. So why does one third of the
worlds population still lack access to proper
healthcare? ----. Many charge high tariffs on lifesaving medicines and equipment, sometimes
even taxing products that are donated for free.
A) Because of their wonderful beauty, one always
has a great desire for diamonds, but the truth is

that they are no more than just compressed
crystallized carbon.
B) Although diamonds are always desired for their

exceptional beauty, in fact they are really only
compressed crystallized carbon.
A) If these tariffs were lowered, it would
dramatically increase access to pharmaceuticals
C) Diamonds are much coveted for their exquisite
beauty, but the simple truth is that they are just

compressed crystallized carbon.
B) Thus, even in places where tariffs are waived,

other barriers remain
D) Invariably one has a strong urge for diamonds
C) To a large extent, the fault lies with the poor
because of their extreme beauty even though in

truth, they are only compressed crystallized
carbon.
countries themselves
D) Naturally, it is the right of any nation to raise

income as it sees fit
E) In fact, diamonds are merely compressed

crystallized carbon, but there is always a
widespread desire for them due to their
magnificent beauty.
E) These regulatory constraints are imposed on a

wide variety of medical equipment as well as
drugs
A
NGLZCE
49. Norwegians, like the Danes and Swedes, are of
Teutonic origin. The Norsemen, also known as
Vikings, ravaged the coasts of northwest Europe
from the 8th to the 11th century and were ruled by
local chieftains. ----. After 1442, the country was
ruled by Danish kings until 1814, when it was
united with Sweden in an uneasy partnership.
47. No description of embarrassment would be

complete without considering the blush. For
many of us, it is the hallmark display of
embarrassment. ----. Although the physiology of
the blush is not fully understood, we are getting
nearer to a better understanding of it.
A) Their results showed that blushing begins with a
A) Despite severe losses in the World War II, it
sharp increase of blood flow, which is then

followed by a slower rise in facial temperature
recovered quickly as its economy expanded
B) Although smiling occurs during embarrassment,
B) Norway became the second largest net oil
it has a different appearance from that of

amusement
exporter after Saudi Arabia in 1995
C) When the World War I broke out, Norway joined
C) On the other hand, in embarrassment, the lips
with Sweden and Denmark in a decision to

cooperate in the joint interest of the three
countries
turn up but without the accompanying action of

the crinkling of the eyes
D) Actually, however, blushing does not necessarily
D) Olaf II Haraldsson became the first effective king
accompany embarrassment, and facial

reddening can occur during other physical and
emotional states as well
of all Norway in 1015 and began converting the

Norwegians to Christianity
E) In the late 20th century, the Labor Party and the
E) Generally speaking, heart rate and blood
Conservative Party seesawed for control, each

sometimes having to lead minority governments
pressure tend to rise and fall in many emotional

states such as anger, fear and happiness
48. Ice climbing and rock climbing share some

important features. Both use ropes, harnesses,
and other specialized equipment for ascending
steep granite or blue ice. ----. A rock climber
follows the natural cracks or weaknesses in the
rock whereas, with ice tools in each hand, an ice
climber has more freedom to blaze a path up and
is limited only by the ice conditions and the
technology of the tools.
50. ----. Traditionally, one of the most important tools

used to study cell structures has been the
microscope. In fact, cells were not described until
1665, when Robert Hooke examined the cell walls
of dead cork cells using a microscope he had
made. Hooke used the term cell because the
tissue reminded him of the small rooms that
monks lived in during that period.
A) A light microscope can be used to view stained
A) Most ice climbing trips require an arduous trek
or living cells, but at relatively low resolution
into the mountains and possibly several nights

out in the cold
B) Early biologists thought that the cell consisted of

a homogeneous jelly, which they called
protoplasm
B) But, the method of climbing in each case is

different
C) However, climbing itself has always been
C) Lenses in the electron microscopes are actually
D) There are many tragic stories of climbing
D) Because cells are so small, scientists have had
magnets that bend the beam of electrons
considered to be very dangerous
to be extremely clever in devising methods for

studying them
accidents
E) But once you find your footing, ice climbing can
E) Most of the methods used to prepare and stain
become addictive
cells for observation also kill them in the process
A
NGLZCE
53. At your sons school there has been an essaywriting competition. Your son worked very hard
on his entry in the competition, researching the
material and then organizing it. But, he didnt get
a prize, so hes very disappointed. You want to
console him and say:
51. ----. What he really seeks, however, are the most

meaningful ones, and these vary from one
context to another. His words may be grandiose
or humble, fanciful or matter of fact, romantic or
realistic, archaic or modern, technical or
everyday, monosyllabic or polysyllabic.
A) It is not unusual for a poet also to be a musician
A) It doesnt matter. But next time try a bit harder.
B) A poet creates new experiences for the reader in
B) Surely, you must be very upset.
which the reader can participate
C) They should have told you what your faults were.
C) A frequent misconception of poetic language is
D) Never mind; it was a good essay and I know you
that the poet seeks always the most beautiful or

noble-sounding words
did your best.
E) I never wanted you to enter the competition; I
D) In the poem Winter Shakespeare is attempting
knew you wouldnt win.
to communicate the quality of winter life around

a sixteenth century English country house
E) Language has many levels and varieties, and

poets may choose from them all

54. You hear that a close friend is now in hospital,
seriously ill. Hes been complaining about aches
and pains and general ill-health for weeks, but
you havent taken him seriously as you know him
as a very healthy individual. Youve been telling
him to ignore the signs and symptoms. Now you
realize how wrong you have been; to yourself
really, you say:
52. Friends are house-hunting and seem set on a

certain area near the centre of the town. You
dont think this is a very good area to choose, as
its noisy and crowded there and prices are
higher than in other parts of the town. You offer
your advice and say:
A) I cant understand why you want to move house.

Your present house is very comfortable, isnt it?
A) How could I have been so blind, so foolish?
B) Have you looked at houses in the suburbs where

houses are cheaper and theres less noise?
B) Well, how was I to know? Im not a doctor.

C) I have always shown the right way.
C) This is not a good time for buying a house; wait

for the spring.
D) After all, he didnt look at all ill.
D) Obviously the nearer you are to the centre of
E) I expect hell recover pretty soon now that hes
town the easier everything is.
being properly looked after.
E) Weve lived in the same house for 20 years and

are not thinking of a move.
10
A
NGLZCE
57. You go with a friend to attend an evening party
made up almost entirely of opera singers but
you dont know this until too late. Opera is an artform that affords you no pleasure and you say
this rather loudly at some point during the
evening. Its clear that youve made a blunder!
Later, you reproach your friend for not having
warned you; you say:
55. A young friend has recently started to take piano

lessons and is actually making considerable
progress. However, she feels depressed because
she is not improving as fast as she would like to.
As you very well know, her problem is a lack of
confidence in herself, so you decide to
encourage her and make her keep on with the
lessons. You say:
A) Have you talked it over with the teacher? What
A) Ive never met anyone connected with the opera
B) Its up to you. If you want to give up the lessons
B) I didnt realize you had so many friends with a
C) The trouble with you is that you give up far too
C) Im going to go to an opera when next I get a
D) If one is going to play the piano one needs to
D) You might have told me who they were! It would
E) If you arent enjoying the lessons, then youd
E) Im sorry I offended your friends; but I must say I
does he advise?
before, but I really enjoyed being with this group.
then you had better do so.
connection with the opera.
easily! For once, put up a fight!
chance.
start at an early age!
have saved me no end of embarrassment.
better give them up.
didnt really like them.
cmleyi bulunuz.
58. (I) The governments of the EU, the US, China, India,
Japan, Russia and Korea initialled a treaty to build
the International Thermonuclear Experimental
Reactor (ITER), the worlds largest fusion machine, in
Provence, France. (II) It will take a decade to build
and will then run for two further decades, performing
tens of thousands of fusion experiments. (III) At the
end of that time, say its backers, the world will know
once and for all if nuclear fusion is technically viable.
(IV) Once this point has been settled, the costs can
be taken into consideration. (V) As well as being the
largest, the fusion reactor known as JET in Culham,
Britain, is, by common consent, the worlds most
successful.
56. A friend is continually asking a favour of you.

You are tired of making up excuses and giving
reasons for not complying. You are now working
on a new tactic and are refusing on principle and
offering no explanation. To a constant, but why
not?, you reply:
A) Im refusing. Theres no more to be said.

B) Ive helped you out too many times already.
C) Ive already done a favour and will always be
ready to help you again.
D) Because I dont think that, in the long run, it
A) I
would be doing you a service.
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
E) Well, I suppose I could change my mind.
11
A
NGLZCE
59. (I) In a small firm the manager may perform the role
of cost accountant, salesman, personnel officer,
stock controller etc. (II) However, as a firm increases
in size it can take advantage of specialization of
labour. (III) Each managerial role can be allocated to
a specialist in that field. (IV) Many firms spend a lot of
money on research and development.
(V) Furthermore, bigger firms can buy inmanagement services and afford large in-house
salaries to entice and retain the best management.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
62. (I) Administrative law first came into use in Turkey

with the introduction of continental European legal
thinking in the 19th century. (II) The most influential
model was that of French administrative law. (III) This
model developed in the 1890s as a result of the
growing influence of Western academic institutions,
namely the Law and Political Science Schools in
Istanbul. (IV) The model was further developed when
a system of administrative courts, modelled on a
French pattern, was established by the Republic in
1927. (V) Unlike the German and French
Constitutions, the Turkish Constitution does not
merely characterize the Republic as a social state.
A) I
60. (I) Many historians were sceptical that King Arthur

was a historical figure. (II) The mystique of Camelot,
Arthurs Palace, endures, from Disney films to
Broadway musicals to the Kennedy White House.
(III) Then, in 1998, scientists unearthed a broken
stone at Tintagel Castle on Britains Cornish coast,
long said to be Arthurs stronghold. (IV) The stone
bore the Latin inscription Pater Coliavificit Artognou,
which translates as Artognou, father of a descendant
of Coll, has had this built. (V) Artognou is
pronounced Arthnou, lending credence to theories
that the legendary king was real.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
61. (I) The road map of South America constantly needs

updating. (II) Furthermore, we can expect that it will
adversely affect international trade. (III) Hundreds of
new bridges, roads and rail lines are turning formerly
isolated areas into infrastructure corridors that will
accelerate the continents economic integration.
(IV) This vast undertaking, which has largely escaped
media attention, is certain to bring unprecedented
economic progress within the continent. (V) But it
also poses major risks for some of South Americas
most valuable natural areas.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
63. (I) Patriarchy does not simply mean that men rule.
(II) Otherwise, through a process of cultural
evolution, societies that adopted this particular social
system maximized their population. (III) Indeed, it is a
particular value system that not only requires men to
marry but to marry a woman of proper station. (IV) It
competes with many other male visions of good life,
and for that reason alone is prone to come in cycles.
(V) Yet before it degenerates, it is a cultural regime
that serves to keep birth-rates high among the
affluent while also maximizing parents investments
in their children.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
E) V
12
A
NGLZCE
66. Although for many individuals, personal ethics
are rooted in religious beliefs, this is not true for
everyone.

A) Each individual has his own ethical standards
64. No other building embodies the history of Paris

more than does the famous cathedral of NotreDame.
and these always reflect his religious beliefs.
B) Everyone has his own ethical code which may or

may not have a religious foundation.
A) Of all the great buildings of Paris, the cathedral
of Notre-Dame holds a very special place among

the people.
B) The only building in Paris that is of any real
significance is surely the magnificent cathedral

of Notre-Dame.
C) With most people religious beliefs and ethical

standards are largely in harmony, at least in
most situations.
D) There is a religious basis to the special ethical
code of many people, but not, by any means, of

all people.
C) Of all the buildings in Paris, it is the celebrated

cathedral of Notre-Dame that most truly
represents the past of that city.
E) Ethical standards usually effect religious beliefs

but there are certain rare exceptions.
D) Except for the famous cathedral of Notre-Dame,

none of the buildings of Paris are historically
representative.
E) With the exception of the renowned Notre-Dame,

few of the buildings of Paris are in anyway
remarkable.
65. The north of Italy is directly responsible for the

countrys place among the worlds top industrial
nations.
67. Her aquatic undertakings captured the public

imagination and brought her unexpected fame.
A) Her investigations into life in the oceans earned
A) Italys northern regions are well-known as one of
her the admiration of the general public.
the most industrialized areas in the world.
B) Her underwater adventures appealed to the
B) It is entirely the northern part of the country that
general public and soon she became quite

famous.
has earned Italy a prominent position among the

worlds industrial nations.
C) As her understanding of the sea-bed grew she
C) In Italy, industry is focused in the north, but
attracted considerable attention and even

became famous.
nevertheless she is still one of the worlds top

industrial nations.
D) She contributed greatly to our knowledge of
D) Italy is one of the worlds top industrial countries
aquatic life and deserves her fame.
even though all the industrial activities are

concentrated in the north.
E) People were enthralled by her undersea
missions and, surprisingly, she became famous.
E) Italy is one of the few countries in the industrial

world where only one region, the north, is
industrialized.
13
A
NGLZCE
68. The 1980s brought a surge of new interest in
expanding the definition of intelligence.

A) Efforts to widen the definition of intelligence are

immensely characteristic of the 1980s.
70. Sally :
- Have you spoken to Bobbys parents yet?
B) It was during the 1980s that the definition of

intelligence attracted some attention.
C) During the 1980s the desire to broaden the
Rose :
- Yes, I have. But it wasnt a very satisfactory
meeting.
D) With the 1980s radical new definitions of
Sally :
- ----
E) With the 1980s came the compulsive desire to
Rose :
- Unfortunately not. They seemed determined to
put me in the wrong!
definition of intelligence re-appeared with

compelling force.
intelligence suddenly and unexpectedly came

into being.
narrow the definitions of intelligence.
A) I dont know what else I can suggest.

B) I can believe that. They are not very cooperative;
are they?
C) Thats no surprise. Everyone knows how difficult

they are.
D) Thats a shame. Bobby needs help.

E) How was that?
71. Ada :
- Are you an orchid-lover?
69. An engineer must attempt to foresee possible

misuses of a product by a consumer, and take
this into account in his design.
A) When designing a product an engineer should
Sandra :
- ----
B) An engineer should never forget that his
Ada :
- I feel the same way about them. I prefer
something more natural.
consider how a consumer might misuse it, and

adjust the design accordingly.
products will be misused and so he must make
them as safe as possible.
Sandra :
- Yes; and more graceful.
C) In designing a product, an engineer should
remember that it will most likely be misused by

consumers unless his design prevents this.
D) An engineer should design products that

consumers cannot possibly misuse.
E) Engineers know that, however well a product
has been designed, consumers will always find a

way to misuse it.
A)
All I know about them is that they thrive in 60

per cent humidity and die off if it drops below 40
per cent.
B)
Yes I am. Orchids are affected usually by air

and temperature and draughts.
C)
No; but I find the stories about their attributes

quite fascinating.
D)
Not really. I suppose they are too exotic for my

taste. What about you?
E)
I certainly am. But I leave the growing of them

to the experts.
14
A
NGLZCE
74. Brian :
- What is to be learned from the collapse of the
viaduct when the tornado hit it?
72. Anna :
- Are you in favour of what they now call
educational play?
Harry :
- Perhaps we should simply admit that we cant
as yet build major structures capable of
resisting tornadoes.
Alan :
- ---Anna :
- I do agree. A child that dislikes school is not
likely ever to be successful there.
Brian :
- ----
A) How can children learn all they have to learn if

they waste so much time playing?
B) What exactly is that?
Harry :
- I suppose it is. But I believe its better to be safe
than sorry.
C) Yes, I suppose so. As long as its not overdone.
A) After all, it was an unusually violent tornado.
D) No. I dont believe in letting children have too
B) Are you sure that we cant?
much of their own way.
C) Arent you overlooking the fact that the anchor-
E) Yes, I am. It is important to make learning
bolt systems had started to corrode?
pleasurable.
D) Perhaps we can develop ways of doing so.

E) Isnt that being rather defeatist?
75. Gail :
- Pat and Nigel seem set on selling their house
here and starting a new life in France.
73. Jane :
- I dont think we should go to Venice for our
holiday this year.
Rachel :
- Yes, I know. It seems to be quite the fashion
now to make a new start.
Steve :
- Have you been reading that disturbing article
on how Venice is sinking?
Gail :
- ----
Jane :
- ----
Rachel :
- Im not sure that it does. In fact, I sometimes
wonder about making a new start myself.
Steve :
- I know. Its also in danger because sea levels
are rising.
A) Have you ever thought of making a fresh start?

B) I couldnt possibly dig up my roots and start
A) No. Should I?
again.
B) Yes, I have. And its not simply that Venice is
C) I imagine that very many people come to regret
sinking.
the move!
C) Yes. But I think it grossly over-emphasizes the
D) True. But it must take a lot of courage.
danger, dont you?
E) I couldnt do it myself but I sometimes envy
D) Oh, people have been talking about that for
those who do.
years, but it wont happen, will it?
E) Surely they could do something to save the city!
15
A
NGLZCE
77. It is pointed out in the passage that the use of the
clock dial ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) is no longer practical since one is often confused

about the meaning of the words clockwise and
counter-clockwise
There seems no question but that the clock dial,

which has existed in its present form since the
seventeenth century and in earlier forms since
ancient times, is on its way out. More and more
common are the digital clocks that mark off the
hours, minutes, and seconds in ever-changing
numbers. This certainly appears to be an advance in
technology. You will no longer have to interpret the
meaning of the big hand on the eleven and the little
hand on the five. Your digital clock will tell you at
once that it is 4:55. And yet there will be a loss in the
conversion of dial to digital, and no one seems to be
worrying about it. Actually, when something turns, it
can turn in just one of two ways, clockwise or
counter-clockwise, and we all know which is which.
Clockwise is the normal turning direction of the
hands of a clock, and counter-clockwise is the
opposite of that. Since we all stare at clocks (dial
clocks, that is), we have no trouble following
directions or descriptions that include those words.
But if dial clocks disappear, so will the meaning of
those words for anyone who has never stared at
anything but digitals.
B) was most popular in the seventeenth century but

has since lost its importance
C) is still widely used despite the technological
progress in the manufacture of digital clocks
D) has improved enormously since the seventeenth

century due to advances in technology
E) has a very long history though at present it is

becoming less and less popular
76. The author maintains that, when dial clocks go

out of use and only digitals are used, ----.
A) the words clockwise and counter-clockwise

will cease to carry any meaning
B) people will continue to use the words clockwise

and counter-clockwise on a regular basis
C) it will be quite confusing for everyone to tell the

time right away
D) most people will wonder about the meanings of

the words clockwise and counter-clockwise
E) it will certainly be a major technological change

unprecedented in the past
16
A
NGLZCE
80. As has been pointed out in the passage, the word
clockwise ----.
78. In the passage, the author admits that digital

clocks, compared with dial clocks, ----.
A) have a number of drawbacks which make their
A) first came into use in the seventeenth century
use rather restricted
B) is used only in conjunction with the word
B) can, in the long run, be replaced by
counter-clockwise
technologically new and more efficient clocks
C) can also be used with reference to a digital clock
C) are technologically more advanced and tell time
D) signifies the direction in which the hands of a dial
very precisely
clock move
D) do not seem to have much efficiency and easily
E) has no meaning unless it is used with reference
break down
to a dial clock
E) have ceased to be in widespread use due to
some inexplicable technological shortcomings
79. The author asserts that people ----.
A) are not aware of the fact that in antiquity time

was completely disregarded
B) do not seem to be concerned about the loss
that the replacement of dial clocks by digitals will

cause
C) can also define their position accurately by using

digital clocks
D) today have a growing interest in dial clocks and

value them very much
E) have already stopped using the words
clockwise and counter-clockwise to indicate

directions
17
A
NGLZCE
81. It is clear from the passage that both South Africa
and Mozambique ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) underwent a very radical process of social,
political and legal transformation over a decade

after the mid-1990s
When Mozambique and South Africa ended their

internal conflicts in the early 1990s, they enacted
widescale amnesties, and in both countries the rule
of law quickly improved. In each of them, political
leaders opted to move past the violence and
injustices of the past and to focus on the tasks of
social and political reconstruction. As part of that
reconstruction, each country became a multiparty
democracy in which the accountability of leaders
and other key norms of the rule of law could finally
take root. The restoration of public security,
meanwhile, allowed the provision of basic services.
And though their criminal-justice systems remained
woefully underfunded, both were finally able to start
providing citizens with basic protections. While the
legal, social and political improvements in South
Africa between 1994 and 2004 were impressive, in
poorer Mozambique, the improvement was smaller
but still marked.
B) are still extremely obsessed with their political
past and have failed to adapt themselves to the

norms of democracy
C) are noted for their indifference to the rule of law
and have introduced a series of non-democratic

measures
D) have not solved their internal conflicts fully
although they have made their criminal-justice

systems very efficient through radical reforms
E) have resorted to every conceivable means in

their efforts to restore public security
82. It is pointed out in the passage that, compared

with Mozambique, South Africa has ----.
A) never been genuinely enthusiastic about the rule

of law in the country and invariably attempted to
undermine it
B) upgraded their system of criminal justice and,

thus, completely eliminated violence and
injustice in society
C) given priority to the cessation of internal conflicts

in the country and the establishment of various
political parties
D) made enormous progress in the social and

political reconstruction of their country
E) never been held accountable for the violence

and injustices they caused in the past
18
A
NGLZCE
85. It is implied in the passage that the provision of
basic services in Mozambique and South Africa
in the pre-amnesties period was ----.
83. The author points out that, along with the

institution of a multiparty democracy, ----.
A) both Mozambique and South Africa have
A) a priority for all the political parties
focused on their past and begun to bring to

justice those who are accountable for the crimes
of the past
B) far better than it has been in the post-amnesties

period
B) the maintenance of the rule of law in
C) regarded as an important factor in the process of
Mozambique and South Africa has failed due to

a growing rate of political misconduct
democratization
C) one important change in Mozambique and South

Africa in the late 1990s was the new political
principle that leaders were to be held
accountable for their policies
D) out of the question, owing to the absence of

public security
E) unaffected by serious and recurring economic

problems
D) violence and injustice in Mozambique have

ceased completely while South Africa still
struggles with them
E) the question of public security has been of little

concern for political leaders since they have
focused their efforts on party politics
84. It is emphasized in the passage that, in the postamnesties period, ----.
A) radical political reforms in Mozambique are the
major reason for the impressive improvements in

the countrys economic performance
B) Mozambique, which is economically
underdeveloped, has experienced some striking

political improvements
C) political improvements in South Africa became

the model for political improvements in
Mozambique
D) Mozambique has excelled South Africa in the
improvement of both its economy and political

institutions
E) Mozambiques political leaders were concerned

not only with political reforms but also, more
importantly, with the economic well-being of the
country
19
A
NGLZCE
86. It is clear from the passage that the myth of
Shambala ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) was originally introduced by those Europeans in
No human dream is more universal than the longing

for a paradise on earth, a place free of the ravages of
time and disease, where the best in nature flourishes
while the worst is forbidden to enter. By definition,
such magical lands cant be near at hand; they must
be remote and inaccessible destinations to be
reached by pilgrimage or a heroic journey. Ancient
Tibetan Buddhist texts spoke of just such a kingdom,
where wise kings, blessed with long life spans, await
the day when they will take power over the world,
ushering in a golden age of peace and justice. This
mythical kingdom was called Shambala, and its
location was believed to be a valley in northern India.
Said to be enclosed by a double ring of snow-capped
mountains, this fabled valley of Shambala resembled
a mandala, which is Buddhisms circular symbol of
the unity of all creation. Known only to a few
European enthusiasts of Asia in the 19th century, the
myth of Shambala was popularized in the 20th
century by the famous Russian mystic, Madame
Blavatsky, who claimed she received telepathic
messages from the mystic valley.
the 19th century who were interested in

Buddhism and carried out extensive studies in
India
B) began to be so popular in Europe in the 19th
century that, with Madame Blavatsky, it turned

into a mystical kind of religion
C) had obviously been very popular throughout Asia

th
th
in the 19 and 20 centuries before it was
discovered by the Europeans
D) had originally been an Indian myth and was later

adopted by Tibetan Buddhists into their own
culture
E) came to be known widely in Europe only in the

last century, thanks to Madame Blavatsky
87. The author claims that a great many people ----.
A) yearn for a distant land of absolute health,

happiness and goodness
B) imagine India as a land of plenty, where people

lead a most prosperous and peaceful life
C) go on long pilgrimages to very remote places
such as Tibet, where the most popular religion is

Buddhism
D) have a mystical view of life which enables them

to cope with the ravages of time and disease
E) have a strong desire to make a pilgrimage to the

mythical valley of Shambala in order to recover
from their sorrows and sufferings
20
A
NGLZCE
90. One learns from the passage that, for Buddhism,
----.
88. According to the passage, ancient Tibetan

Buddhists ----.
A) preferred to live in places which were very
A) the wise kings of the valley of Shambala value
remote and not easily accessible for common

people
peace and justice more than any other thing
B) man can never enjoy absolute peace and justice
B) had a very strong longing for a world in which
in the world owing to his wickedness
Buddhist values and ideas were shared by all

human beings
C) the valley of Shambala is a sacred place for

pilgrimage and worship
C) were most gifted writers who idealized life on
earth and, in their writings, encouraged people to

strive for peace and justice
D) a paradise on earth can only be established in

the distant future
E) everything created in the universe was part of
D) often made long pilgrimages and journeys to the
one whole, which was represented by the

symbol of mandala
valley of Shambala in India in order to have a

mystical experience
E) believed that a time would come when, under
the rule of wise kings, peace and justice would

prevail in the world
89. As one understands from the passage, the

Russian mystic Madame Blavatsky ----.
A) was clearly one of the few Europeans in the 19th

century who were seriously concerned with
studies related to Asia
B) developed her telepathic skill through her study

of Buddhism and also by making innumerable
journeys to the valley of Shambala
C) constantly dreamed of a paradise on earth and

made great efforts to make peace and justice
dominant in the world
D) helped to spread interest in the mythical

kingdom of Shambala
E) believed that a study of Tibetan Buddhist texts

was indispensable for the acquisition and
exercise of telepathic skills
21
A
NGLZCE
92. According to the passage, it is China, more than
India, that ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) has historically resisted British imperialism in

The late Chinese Prime Minister, Chou-En Lai, upon
being asked whether the French Revolution had
been a good thing in world history, was reported to
have said: It is still too early to tell. Watching the
Western media analyze the recent emergence of
China as a major investor in Africa and likely to
become a new factor to rival the historical EuroAmerican ascendancy in African politics, one is even
more justified in saying that it is too soon to tell
what the outcome of the Chinese love affair in Africa
will be. Besides China, India is also increasingly
mentioned as a new source of large-scale
investments in Africa. For the moment, the
emergence of the Asian superpowers, themselves
once in the sphere of British imperialism, as investors
and trading partners in Africa, seems to offer an
opportunity of shaking the marginalisation into
which most African countries have fallen since the
collapse of the Soviet bloc in 1989.
order to safeguard its own interests in Africa
B) is in the fore front in Africa as a leading investor

and trading partner
C) was extremely pleased with the collapse of the

Soviet bloc in 1989
D) has attached much importance to the views of

the Western media
E) has been most influenced in its ideology by the

French Revolution
91. It is clear from the passage that, with the growing

economic involvement of China and India in
Africa, ----.
A) the British economic and political interests in the

region can only be maintained through more
investments by Britain
B) the Western superpowers have apparently lost

their political influence in the region
C) this continent has clearly been gaining in

importance
D) the Euro-American collaboration in the region

will inevitably come to an end
E) regional governments have begun to introduce

radical measures for the improvement of the
economy
22
A
NGLZCE
93. The author points out that, historically, Africa ----.
A) has always been on good terms with China,

especially since the time of Chou-En Lai
95. It is indicated in the passage that, although China

and India have become economically and
politically most powerful in Asia, ----.
A) they have failed to make an impact on African
B) has always played a central role in world politics
politics
and economic rivalry
B) their influence throughout the world is confined
C) was completely colonized by Britain but, later,
to Africa
came under the Soviet political influence
C) they were themselves, in fact, colonized and
D) has always been subject to the European and
exploited by Britain in the past
American political hegemony
D) they have still to upgrade themselves in order to
E) has suffered a great deal from British economic
be able to contribute to the improvement of life in

most African countries
exploitation and political hegemony
E) their rivalry in Africa has undermined their
struggle against the Euro-American alliance
94. One understands from the passage that the

author ----.
A) is not yet sure of the possible consequences of

Chinas economic and political ascendancy in
Africa
B) is much impressed by the widespread political
improvement in Africa that has been ushered in

by China
C) displays a hostile attitude towards the EuroAmerican ascendancy in Africa today
D) is particularly interested in Chou-En Lais ideas

and policies with regard to Africa
E) is very biased in his assessment of the Chinese

and Indian policies concerning the future of
Africa
23
A
NGLZCE
97. We learn from the passage that a college text ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) usually has its starting point in a lecturers notes
Editors have two primary functions which sometimes

overlap: finding/selecting manuscripts, then polishing
them for publication. Acquisitions editors perform the
first chore. The approach they adopt depends on
several factors. The idea for a college text, for
example, usually originates inside the publishing
house; the acquisition editors job is then to choose a
suitable author to produce the manuscript. In a trade
book division, on the other hand, the acquisitions
editor may be more passive, carefully reading
manuscripts and queries that are mailed in, then
recommending the best of these for development as
a book. In the former case, the acquisitions editor
may be knowledgeable in a given area (economics,
perhaps, or one of the sciences) while the second
type might be more of a generalist. Copyeditors, who
whip the manuscript into shape for the press, must
possess a superb background in English and bring to
their work high standards of accuracy and
thoroughness along with a remarkable attention to
detail.
B) is always assigned to an author by copyeditors

C) can only be edited by the original author
D) is harder to edit than a trade book
E) often has its origin in an editors office
98. It is clear from the passage that, the queries and

manuscripts sent to an editors office ----.
96. According to the passage, editors have two

primary functions ----.
A) are meticulously examined with a view to making

books
A) one of which is to write publicity announcements

about the books which will be published
B) are rarely of any interest to the editorial staff
B) the most crucial of them to prepare manuscripts
C) will almost always result in a publication
for publication
C) which occasionally merge into each other
D) seldom receive the attention they deserve
D) both of which are related to the selection of
E) are of vital importance in the search for a

suitable writer for a given text
books to be published
E) which few publishers can fulfil
24
A
NGLZCE
99. We understand from the passage that an
acquisitions editor, working on college texts, will
probably ----.
100. It is obvious from the passage that the work of a

copyeditor ----.
A) is one of the easier ones in the publishing
A) have far better skills and qualifications than
business
copyeditors
B) hardly differs from that of the acquisitions editor
B) have started his career in one of the branches of
C) has been constantly underrated
the media
D) requires an excellent grasp of the English
C) have taken courses in marketing and advertising
language and the ability to give precise

expression
D) aim to go on to promote sales

E) have a specialized knowledge of one or more
E) combines specialized knowledge with
fields
communication skills and the ability to

summarize essential points
TEST BTT.
25

06 MAYIS 2007
NGLZCE
A KTAPII
1. A
26. D
51. C
76. A
2. E
27. B
52. B
77. E
3. C
28. C
53. D
78. C
4. B
29. A
54. A
79. B
5. D
30. E
55. C
80. D
6. A
31. A
56. A
81. A
7. C
32. C
57. D
82. D
8. A
33. B
58. E
83. C
9. D
34. D
59. D
84. B
10. B
35. A
60. B
85. D
11. E
36. B
61. B
86. E
12. D
37. D
62. E
87. A
13. A
38. E
63. B
88. E
14. E
39. A
64. C
89. D
15. D
40. C
65. B
90. E
16. A
41. B
66. D
91. C
17. C
42. D
67. E
92. B
18. B
43. A
68. C
93. D
19. E
44. C
69. A
94. A
20. A
45. B
70. B
95. C
21. D
46. C
71. D
96. C
22. C
47. D
72. E
97. E
23. E
48. B
73. B
98. A
24. B
49. D
74. E
99. E
25. A
50. D
75. D
100. D
2007
November
A
NGLZCE
5. Kosrae is the smallest of the four island states
that ---- the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM),
the largest and most populous political entity that
emerged after World War II.
1. Anthony Powell, the contemporary British
novelist, shows in his writing great familiarity
with the work of Proust while avoiding much
direct ---- to him.
A) interest
B) dependence
C) quotation
D) reference
A) keep away
B) tie up with
C) make up
D) set down
E) take on
E) obsession
2. Despite its small population and ---- remoteness,

Australia occupies a powerful position in global
science in general and life science in particular.
A) ultimate
B) sizeable
C) relative
D) extensive
6. Investigations by modern doctors ---- that

Catherine the Great of Russia ---- from syphilis.
A) have suggested / has suffered
B) suggest / suffered
C) had suggested / was suffering
E) recurrent
D) may have suggested / would have suffered

E) suggested / suffers
3. The Allied bombing campaign against Germany

in World War II exacted terrible damage on the
countrys factories, transportation network,
population, and ---- very limited fuel-production
capacity.
A) already
B) solely
C) immediately
D) inadequately
7. This morning it ---- in the news that the great
Italian tenor Pavarotti ---- of pancreatic cancer
soon after midnight.
E) rightly
A) had been reported / died

B) is reported / would die
4. Soccers many creative possibilities ---- in part

from its being played on such a large field.
C) is being reported / dies
A) entail
B) consist
D) was reported / had died
C) conclude
D) claim
E) has been reported / could have died
E) derive
A
NGLZCE
12. One of the worlds worst space flight disasters
occurred on 28 January 1986, ---- the shuttle
Challenger exploded soon after take-off, killing
the crew of seven.
8. The United States ---- expensive high-tech

solutions to the problem of land-mine clearance,
but simpler methods ---- more preferable.
A) should pursue / were
B) pursues / had been
C) pursued / will have been
A) if
B) so that
C) even if
D) when
E) just as
D) would pursue / would have been

E) has pursued / may be
13. The discovery in 2001 of a juvenile dinosaurs

spectacularly preserved fossil with feathers does
indicate the dinosaur-bird connection, ---- it also
casts new light on the mystery of why nature
invented feathers in the first place.
9. People who travel ---- airlines all have stories ---how bad the experience is when things go wrong.
A) with / for
B) in / of
C) on / about
D) at / over
E) through / to
A) whether
B) where
C) but
D) so
E) whereas
10. Scientists have studied the health status of native

people in the South Pacific ---- decades, and have
noted the explosion of diet-related disease ---- the
area.
14. Contrary to perceptions outside Canada, the

majority of Canadians are descended from the
English, the Scots, and the Irish ---- from the
French.
A) for / in
B) throughout / over
A) rather than
B) more than
C) through / about
D) by / off
C) such as
D) and so
E) of / at
E) also
11. The Worldwatch Institute reported last year ---approximately four of the five McDonalds
restaurants that opened every day in 2005 were
outside the United States.
A) if
B) as
C) while
D) when
15. Because of the wide variety of ethnicity in the

United States, people speak English as ---- their
native ---- their adopted tongue.
A) rather / than
B) either / or
C) more / than
D) so much / as
E) well / as
E) that
A
NGLZCE
ifadeyi bulunuz.
ifadeyi bulunuz.
To determine a persons diet history, the doctor asks

what foods (16) ---- in the previous 24 hours and
what types of food are usually eaten. The person
may be asked to keep a food diary, in which he lists
everything he eats for three days. (17) ---- the
physical examination, the doctor observes the
persons general appearance and behaviour (18) ---the distribution of body fat and the functioning of body
organs. (19) ---- the doctor suspects severe
malnutrition, he orders a complete blood cell count
and blood and urine tests to measure levels of
vitamins, minerals, and waste products such as urea.
Skin tests may also be ordered to (20) ---- certain
types of immunity.
Bill Clintons main legacy for race relations in the

United States is that he helped to sustain and
accelerate the desegregation of the higher circles of
American life. On the psychological plane, he gently
pushed the white American public to accept
something that (21) ---- many whites today is (22) ---more in question than one would like to believe: that
blacks really can be equal or (23) ---- superior to
whites in performing the most crucial and difficult
tasks demanded by our society. George W. Bush
contributed to this process when he (24) ---- Colin
Powell as Secretary of State. Through his
appointment of blacks and genuine friendships with
them, Clinton has deepened this (25) ---- in American
life.
16.
A) were being eaten
B) had been eaten
C) will have been eaten
D) were eaten
21.
A) under
B) on
D) besides
E) are eaten
C) with
E) for
22.
17.
A) Out of
B) At
D) Over
C) By
E) During
A) decently
B) still
C) even so
D) doubtfully
E) excessively
18.
A) as well as
B) but also
C) so as
D) just as
23.
A) also
B) more
D) only
E) so that
C) even
E) as
24.
19.
A) While
B) Even though
D) Whether
C) If
E) Even if
A) appoints
B) had appointed
C) has appointed
D) appointed
E) would appoint
20.
A) curtail
B) realize
C) emphasize
D) assess
25.
E) assume
A) tendency
B) allocation
C) exclusion
D) admission
E) intuition
A
NGLZCE
29. ----, yet it is not possible to go much further
without any breakthroughs in battery technology.

A) Electric cars dont make economic sense in view

of the harsh environmental regulations in force
26. Until China becomes the most powerful nation in

the world, with Chinese spoken universally, ----.
B) Electric cars have simply been a technological

failure
A) the problems of wide variations in English may

well be lessened
C) Hybrid cars are certainly a step in the right

direction
B) English will remain the primary language of

science and diplomacy
C) many countries in the world have shifted to
printing their scientific journals only in English
D) Any fuel savings resulting from electric or hybrid

cars are likely to be offset by the cost of the cars
themselves
D) immigrants to the United States or Britain

acquire English rapidly and well
E) One fears that the hybrid car may be yet another

technological failure
E) people who speak English and another language

have an advantage over those who speak only
English
27. ---- before grapes can be transformed into fine

wine.
30. ---- because he had led the country into four wars
which he had lost, and brought economic ruin to
his people.
A) Harvesting was a very costly and tiring process

B) Farmers were expecting higher prices
C) Drought does much damage to grape vines
A) Serbia experienced widespread corruption under

Milosevic, who ruled the country as a dictator,
D) The farm workers in France have protested at

lower wages
B) Many Serbians felt humiliated by the atrocities

commited in Bosnia by the Milosevic government
E) There is much work to be done
C) Milosevics rule in Serbia literally meant political

tyranny, which led to pro-democracy protests in
the country,
D) Milosevic, the ex-president of Serbia, was
protested nationwide and then removed from
power
E) Today Serbias writers constantly remind their
people of the shameful past of their country
under Milosevic
28. ---- what makes Hong Kong so exhilarating.

A) Its hard to explain
B) Many travellers are curious
C) One soon becomes aware
D) It has been debated
E) We have been much impressed
A
NGLZCE
34. Climate change may alter the genetic
composition of species, ----.
31. Many of the larger companies in Somalia have

issued shares, ----.
A) if the lack of a government in the country poses
a wide range of problems
A) but assessment of any shift in this respect

requires genetic data sampled over time
B) since the local telecom offers the best and

cheapest phone service in Africa
B) even though, for most species, environmental

conditions have some impact on breeding
C) although there is no stock exchange or financial

authority of any sort in the country
C) despite the fact that recent analyses clearly

show the magnitude and direction of genetic
shifts in various populations
D) but business leaders have taken steps to

increase the countrys foreign-trade capacity
D) which, according to the evidence available, is

geographically widespread from North Africa to
Scandinavia
E) even if foreign aid might have benefits as well as

drawbacks
E) so long as one can observe the genetic impact

that environmental differences have on living
beings
32. Traditionally, textbooks on British government
and politics have focused on institutions and
behaviour ----.
A) whether it is appropriate to describe the British
Constitution as uncodified rather than unwritten
B) in case political institutions and issues are
inseparable and need to be discussed together
C) just as a brief analysis of the leading types of
government found in the modern world was left
out
D) because one had to explore in detail the impact
of Thatcherism upon British politics
35. ----, street crime in major Asian cities is still less
common than in most European cities.
E) while ignoring the controversies and issues

which are the fundamentals of politics
A) Since the governments are concerned

B) Because severe measures had been taken
33. Meteorites are extraterrestial complex rocks with

roughly equal amounts of metal and silicates ----.
C) Though it is rising sharply
A) because the moon has been studied extensively

by spacecraft and has been sampled directly at a
few locations
D) If one were to admit it

E) Before reliable statistical data can be obtained
B) which have major implications for the collisional

history of planetary bodies
C) whereby the various planetary and asteroidal
bodies in the solar system contain a specific
isotopic label
D) so that each meteorite is a small sample of a
much larger parent body, probably an
unidentified asteroid
E) while measurement of the oxygen isotopic
composition of the Sun is the highest priority of
NASAs Genesis mission
A
NGLZCE
38. In the 1970s in Britain, it seemed that union
power had grown to the point where union
leaders were amongst the most influential
political figures in the country.

36. More than half of the work force walked out
yesterday after the company announced it would
close the plant to save millions of dollars.
A) 1970li yllarda ngilterede sendika gc, sendika liderlerinin lkede en etkili siyasal kiilermi
gibi grnmesine yol aacak bir noktaya gelmiti.
A) gcnn yarsndan fazlas dn i yerini terk

edince, irket, milyonlarca dolar tasarruf etmek
amacyla fabrikay kapatabileceini belirtti.
B) 1970lerin ngilteresinde sendika gc o kadar

artmt ki sendika liderleri lkenin en etkili siyasal kiileri gibi alglanyordu.
B) Milyonlarca dolar kurtarmak iin, irket, fabrikay

kapatacan aklaynca, i gcnn yaklak
yars dn i yerini terk etti.
C) 1970li yllarda ngilterede, sendika liderlerinin

lkedeki en etkili siyasal kiilermi gibi grnmesinin nedeni, sendika gcnn ar bir noktaya
gelmi olmasyd.
C) irketin, milyonlarca dolar kurtarmak iin, fabrikay kapatacan bildirmesi zerine, i gcnn
yarya yakn dn ii brakp gitti.
D) Sendika gc 1970ler ngilteresinde yle bir

noktaya gelmiti ki sendika liderleri, lkenin en
etkili siyasal kiilerinden saylyordu.
D) irket, milyonlarca dolar tasarruf etmek iin,

fabrikay kapatacan ilan ettikten sonra, i
gcnn yarsndan fazlas dn i brakt.
E) 1970lerde ngilterede sendika gc, sendika

liderlerinin lkede en etkili siyasal kiiler arasnda olma noktasna ulam gibi grnyordu.
E) Dn i gcnn yarsna yakn i brakt iin,

irket, fabrikay kapatacan ve bylelikle milyonlarca dolar tasarruf edeceini aklad.
39. During World War II many Britons believed that

Churchill was clearly the man to lead the country
to final victory, but few expected him to go on
after the war.
37. Pressure groups are informal political institutions

which, just like parties, seek to influence the
decision-making process.
A) II. Dnya Savanda lkeyi kesin zafere ulatracak kiilerden birinin Churchill olduuna inanan
birok ngiliz, onun savatan sonra da liderliini
srdreceini dnyordu.
A) Bask gruplar, karar alma srecini, tpk partiler

gibi etkilemek iin aba gsteren gayriresm siyasal kurululardr.
B) Gayriresm siyasal kurulular olan bask gruplar
tpk partiler gibi karar alma srecini etkilemeyi amalarlar.
B) ngilizlerin ou, Churchillin, II. Dnya Savanda lkeyi niha zafere ulatracak kii olduuna
inanmsa da birka onun savatan sonra grevini srdreceini sanyordu.
C) Karar alma srecini etkileme amacn gden eitli bask gruplar, gayriresm siyasal kurulular
olup partilere benzemektedir.
C) II. Dnya Sava srasnda pek ok ngiliz,

Churchillin kesinlikle lkeyi niha zafere
gtrecek kii olduuna inanyor, ancak
ok az onun savatan sonra devam etmesini umuyordu.
D) Partilere ok benzeyen bask gruplar, gayriresm siyasal kurululardr ve karar alma srecini
etkilemeye alrlar.
D) II. Dnya Sava boyunca ou ngiliz, lkeyi

kesin zafere ulatracak tek kii olan Churchillin,
sava sonrasnda da grevini srdreceini
umuyordu.
E) Tpk partiler gibi bask gruplar da karar alma

srecini etkileyen gayriresm siyasal kurululardr.
E) Churchillin II. Dnya Sava srasnda lkeyi

mutlak zafere ulatracak adam olduuna kesinlikle inanan pek ok ngilize karn sadece
birka ngiliz onun sava sonrasnda da devam
etmesini bekliyordu.
A
NGLZCE
42. Bildiimiz gibi, Amerika Birleik Devletleri anayasasna gre, Kongre snrsz bir yasama yetkisine
sahip deildir.
40. A new approach that is being tested in the

treatment of cancer is the possibility of
mobilizing the immune system to attack tumour
cells.
A) As far as we know, the Constitution of the United

States of America does not grant to Congress
unlimited powers for legislation.
A) Kanser tedavisinde denenmekte olan yeni bir

yaklam, tmr hcrelerine saldrmas iin baklk sistemini harekete geirme olasldr.
B) As we know, according to the Constitution of the

United States of America, Congress does not
have unlimited power of legislation.
B) Baklk sistemini harekete geirerek tmr

hcrelerini yok etmek, kanser tedavisinde uygulamaya konulan yeni bir yaklamdr.
C) We know that, according to the Constitution of

the United States of America, Congress cannot
exercise unlimited power for legislation.
C) Tmr hcrelerini yok edebilmek iin baklk

sisteminin etkisini artrmak, kanser tedavisinde
zerinde durulan yeni bir yaklamdr.
D) As is well known to us all, Congress is denied by

the Constitution of the United States of America
the right to use unlimited power for legislation.
D) Kanser tedavisinde ortaya konan yeni bir yaklama gre, tmr hcreleri ile mcadele etmek
iin baklk sistemini tmden etkili klmak gerekir.
E) As we all know, Congresss unlimited power of

legislation has been curtailed by the Constitution
of the United States of America.
E) Kanser tedavisinde zerinde durulan yeni bir

yaklam, baklk sisteminin etkisinden yararlanarak tmr hcrelerini yok edebilmektir.
43. Kadnlarn bilimsel aratrmalardaki durumuna

ilikin olarak denilebilir ki temel sorun, kadnlar
bilime ekmek deil, ancak yetitirildikten sonra
onlar bilim iinde tutabilmektir.
A) On the part women play in scientific studies, it is
to be emphasized that the initial problem is not if
women find science attractive but if they can be
involved in it after their training.

B) One may argue about the position of women in

scientific studies that the major problem is not
how to attract women into science, but how to
employ them as soon as they complete their
training.
41. Yllk olarak retilen 67 milyon ton dokuma ipliinin yarsndan fazlas petrolden elde edilen sentetiklerdir.
A) Half of the synthetics produced from petroleum
within a year make up more than 67 million tons
of textile fibres.
C) With reference to the role of women in science, it

must be stated that the primary problem is not
whether women can take part in scientific
research but whether they can be relied on after
they have been trained.
B) Annually, 67 million tons of textile fibres are

produced, almost half of which are synthetics
based on petroleum.
D) As for the role of women in scientific research,

one can maintain that the ultimate problem is not
whether science is attractive to women but
whether, following their training, they can
contribute to it.
C) About half of the 67 million tons of textile fibres

which are produced in a year are synthetics
made essentially from petroleum.
D) More than half of the 67 million tons of textile
fibres produced annually are synthetics made
from petroleum.
E) As regards the status of women in scientific

research, it may be said that the fundamental
problem is not attracting them to science but
retaining them in science after they have been
trained.
E) Petroleum-based synthetics account for about

half of the annual production of textile fibres,
which amounts to 67 million tons.
A
NGLZCE
44. Uyku haplar, zellikle birka haftadan daha uzun
sre veya yksek dozlarda dzenli olarak kullanldnda, baz insanlarda bamlla neden olabilir.
A) When people take sleeping pills regularly at

particularly high doses for much longer than one
or two weeks, they become very dependent on
these medicines.
46. This year a lot of good things have happened in

the US economy. US companies have become
more competitive, and exports are now booming.
This strong export growth is helping to stabilize
the trade gap, and slower US demand will bring
down imports. ----. Moreover, long-term interest
rates are still low, stock prices are setting
records, and the economy continues to grow at a
moderate pace.
B) If sleeping pills are used regularly at high doses

for a few weeks or longer, some people in
particular can develop an addiction to them.
C) Sleeping pills, especially when used regularly for
longer than a few weeks or at high doses, can
cause dependency in some people.
A) The biggest danger in the weeks ahead is a US

recession, since currency markets began to
worry at the end of 2006 that the housing
recession could spill over to other areas of the
economy
D) So long as sleeping pills are taken at very high

doses for several weeks or longer, they can
cause dependency in a number of people.
B) In the meantime, profits from overseas

operations and returns on international
investments are rising as the gains are
translated back into dollars
E) Some people can be particularly addicted to

sleeping pills when used at high doses or for
much longer than several weeks.
C) Some leading economists have forecast that the

US dollars value could plunge by a third over the
next few years
D) The US dollar will be somewhat more vulnerable
against the euro, given that the European
Central Bank will most likely continue to raise
interest rates
45. Baz siyaset bilimciler, yeleri arasnda derin duygusal ilikilerin var olduu ailenin, ufak apta siyasal bir sistem gibi olduunu ileri srmlerdir.
E) The dollar is down 3% from a year ago against

the Chinese yuan, and futures markets expect
an additional 5% decline later in the year
A) Some political scientists have argued that the

family, in which deep emotional relationships
exist between members, is like a political system
in miniature.
B) In the opinion of various political scientists, the
family, which consists of members with deep
emotional relationships, can be compared to a
minor political system.
C) As a few political scientists have argued, the
family reminds one of a political system in
miniature, in which members have deep
emotional ties.
D) As pointed out by a number of political scientists,
the family, whose members are emotionally
bound together, resembles a minor political
system.
E) Some of the political scientists present have
suggested that the family, in which members
maintain strong emotional ties with each other, is
similar to a small political system.
A
NGLZCE
49. Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological
disorders in the world, is caused by abnormal
electrical activity in the brain. ----. Most forms of
epilepsy have been assumed to stem from brain
tissue scars acquired through trauma, so that
molecular approaches to understanding and
treating the disease would be fruitless.
47. Venezuelas president Hugo Chvez is using his

countrys oil wealth to create a sphere of
influence in Latin America. He has given his open
support to Cuba and funded leftist politicians in
Bolivia and Ecuador. ----. Chvezs growing
influence, however, means that a collapse in
Venezuela could take much of the continent down
with it.
A) It is true that, in developed countries, a principal

focus of epilepsy research has been on the
causes of the disease
A) He maintains that the Venezuelan economy

should not mainly depend on oil revenues but
that more efforts must be made to upgrade the
other sectors of the national economy
B) The symptoms of this disease range in severity

from mild sensory disruption to recurring
seizures and unconsciousness
B) He is well aware of the fact that, since 2003,

stocks in developing economies have averaged
gains of 30% annually
C) In addition, not all cases of epilepsy have been

fully studied
C) Moreover, by buying bonds from Argentina, he

has helped stocks there jump tenfold since 2001,
thus greatly contributing to the improvement of
the countrys economy
D) Moreover, proteins as large as insulin have been

proposed as neurotransmitters
E) On the contrary, a pairing of proteins in neurons
may be relevant to the pathogenesis of human
epilepsy
D) He knows that with the Mexican, Asian, and

Russian market crashes of the 1990s long
forgotten, developing-country stocks in the world
keep jumping to all-time highs
E) He believes that political turmoil elsewhere could
be just as devastating for the Venezuelan
economy, which is currently doing very well
50. The biggest problems affecting the IMF, the

World Bank, and other instruments of
globalization concern governance. At both the
IMF and the World Bank, voting rights are
allocated not according to population but
according to economic power, and the various
countries representatives are typically finance
ministers or members of central banks, not
officials with broader outlooks and concerns. ----.
Therefore, the voices of those most affected by
globalization are barely audible in discussions
about what policies these international bodies
should follow.
48. Laying undersea cable systems is a monumental

process. After surveying landing sites, studying
seabed geology, and assessing risks, engineers
plot a route. ----. For months, these ships lower
the cables thousands of feet to the seabed. In
congested spots, engineers use robots to dig
trenches for the cable that protect it from
wayward anchors and fishing nets. Then crews
pull the cable ends above the water and connect
them to land-based stations.
A) It is within these same small, elite circles that

most of the debate about reforming the
international economic architecture occurs
A) One of the new Pacific systems is part of a

massive $1.5 billion global network connecting
60 countries
B) IMF policies have always had a lasting impact on

the economies of developing countries
B) Traditional cross-ocean systems are loops made

up of two cables, usually many miles apart
C) Yet well-managed globalization has enormous

potential for improving the lives of people in poor
countries
C) Operators building new cable systems are

mindful of the threat of earthquakes and do what
they can to avoid it
D) Then gigantic spools of cable and other gear are
loaded on cable-laying vessels
D) Traditionally, the World Bank has been reluctant

to lend money unless the IMF certifies that the
country in question has a solid macro-economic
framework
E) While there are ten major undersea cables

linking the US directly with Europe, there are
only five cables connecting the US with Asia
E) If we continue with globalization as it has been

managed in the past, the future will not be bright
A
NGLZCE
53. From the cases reported every day in
newspapers, you feel that domestic violence is
on the rise in society. You think that something
should be done to help the victims, so you raise
the matter with friends and discuss it with them.
Unanimously you agree that some action must be
taken immediately. So you make a suggestion to
them:
51. Although the European Parliament (EP) cant

initiate legislation, it has been granted increased
powers under successive European Union (EU)
treaties. ----. Germany has recently proposed
strengthening the EPs hand in budgetary
matters. Moreover, corporations and citizens
groups have been quick to recognize the
parliaments increased powers, especially in
environmental and consumer protection, and are
dispatching more and more lobbyists to it.
A) Personally, I think that the victims of domestic

violence, who are mostly women, should seek
legal advice and demand protection.
A) In 1997, France successfully petitioned the

European Court of Justice to block efforts by the
Parliament to meet eleven rather than twelve
times annually in Strasbourg
B) In 1952, Strasbourg was designated the meeting
place of the EPs forerunner, known as the
Common Assembly of the European Coal and
Steel Community
C) On the other hand, the EP holds at least twelve
of its sessions in Strasbourg and the rest in
Brussels, which is the headquarters of the EU
B) As far as I am concerned, it is the responsibility

of the authorities to introduce severe measures
for the prevention of domestic violence
throughout the country.
C) If we are to believe social workers and
sociologists, the causes of domestic violence are
so diverse and complex that the solution of this
problem is almost impossible.
D) I propose that we first set up a volunteer group to
reach victims while at the same time we form an
association to fight domestic violence in the
country.
D) Last year, the US mission to the EU was

enlarged, and the American monitoring of the
EPs activities has since increased noticeably
E) Since domestic violence has become an

increasingly serious social problem, I think that
new legislative measures put into effect must be
followed up by efficient policies for the solution of
the problem.
E) Thus, it can now approve, amend, or veto eighty

per cent of the economic and social regulations
generated by the European Commission

52. A colleague of yours who has just returned from
an international conference tells you that the
paper he presented at the conference generated a
good deal of discussion. Clearly you are pleased
by the news but are curious to know whether the
overall reaction to his paper was positive. So you
say to him:
A) So I see your mind is still at the conference. Did
many people comment on your paper?
B) I am very impressed indeed by what you say.
Tell me. Did most of those who commented on
your paper support your points?
C) I am sure interesting papers on a wide range of
topics must have been presented at the
conference. How did yours go? Were there many
people in the hall to hear you?
D) I am glad that you were able to attend the
conference. Did your topic arouse much interest
in the participants?
E) I understand that you made a good impression at
the conference. Were there many questions put
to you?
10
A
NGLZCE
54. Your younger brother, who is yet at the beginning
of his career as a financial analyst, tells you that
he is not happy with his job at an international
bank and that he wishes to change it. You are
concerned because you know that, with excellent
performance, your brother can, in due course,
make good progress in his career and be
promoted to a more prestigious position in the
bank. To advise and encourage him, you say:
A) Surely your performance at the bank has not met
the expectations of your superiors, so you feel
that you need to find another job where your
capacity will not be questioned.
55. A friend of yours is a famous novelist as his

novels published so far have been extremely
popular. However, he is worried that the new
novel he is writing will not be so popular, since
he is not satisfied with the plot and
characterization in it. As you know his capacity
for creativity and smoothness of style, you try to
dispel his worries by saying:
A) You know everybody enjoys reading your novels.
Besides, let critics judge your new novel which,
Im sure, will fully reflect your creative and lucid
way of writing. Feel at ease.
B) I am really very angered by what you say. You

really must work very hard in order to impress
your superiors so that you may be eligible for
promotion and overseas assignment.
B) Every great writer has had periods of decline in

his or her creativity. However, you are not a
great writer even though you may be popular. I
suggest you follow their example: stop writing for
a while and wait to recapture your creativity.
C) So you have at last reached a decision to

change your job. I agree that it is always very
challenging to work for an international
organization, even though it may offer some
good opportunities for career progress.
C) I agree that you mustnt be misled by the

popularity of your novels, some of which have
already been harshly criticised. So, however
creative you may be, your new novel may again
be attacked by critics.
D) I really cant understand why you wish to change

your job. You always wanted to be a financial
analyst, but now you say you are not happy.
Well, if thats your choice.
D) This shows that it is time you gave up writing

altogether. In recent years, with your novels so
popular, you may have thought that you were the
greatest writer in fiction.
E) It is too early for you to make a decision as such.

You are working in an international environment,
and there will be better and more gratifying
opportunities ahead for you to progress in your
career.
E) In a novel, plot and characterization are probably

the most important aspects. So I find it rather
hard to believe that a novelist who enjoys so
much popularity can fail in these areas.
11
A
NGLZCE
56. You are discussing with some colleagues the
problem of widespread famine in Africa. While
your colleagues strongly maintain that the United
Nations must provide more resources and aid to
solve the problem, you disagree with them and
argue that, besides the United Nations, a
consortium of the worlds richest nations must
also take action not only by sending more aid to
these countries but also by mobilizing native
resources and enabling the people to grow their
own food. You conclude your argument by
saying:
A) As you all know, the rich nations have historical
connections with Africa, and so they should be
most willing to play a role in the affairs of this
continent.
57. Due to the heavy traffic today, you are late to

your appointment with the dean of the faculty,
who you know is always punctual. When you get
to his office, you not only apologize but also
blame yourself for being late. You say:
A) Today there is a lot of traffic on the roads, even
though I left home earlier than usual! I thoroughly
regret being late for my appointment.
B) I regret that you had to wait for me. Although I
left home early, I did not think that there would
be so much traffic on the roads.
C) My apologies for the congestion on the roads,
because of which I am late for the appointment,
though I set out quite early.
B) Only then can there be some progress towards

the solution of the problem, which is so extensive
and serious that it exceeds the logistic capacity
of the United Nations.
C) Historically, Africa was colonized by many of
these rich nations, but famine has always been a
major problem there.
D) I am really very upset because of this delay

caused by the heavy traffic on the roads. In fact,
I did leave home at the usual time.
E) I am very sorry for this delay because of the
traffic. I should have left home much earlier than
usual to be here on time.
D) On the other hand, unless the native people

learn how to use the land and their own
resources, the problem of famine in Africa can
never be solved.
E) So I share your view as regards the United
Nations, which has always given priority to the
problems concerning Africa and its people.
12
A
NGLZCE
cmleyi bulunuz.
58. (I) The history of the German occupation of France is
dirty, tragic, and sometimes darkly comic. (II) It is
also one of the most intensely researched subjects of
the past decades. (III) In May of 1940, the Germans
attacked France, and in June they entered Paris.
(IV) More than 8,000 books and articles have been
devoted to this subject. (V) However, Julian
Jacksons recent book, France: The Dark Years,
1940-1944, is an exceptional contribution to the
already-accumulated knowledge of the occupation.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
62. (I) Since the days of ancient Carthage, the area that
makes up present-day Tunisia has been an oasis of
urbanity, relative prosperity, and stable government.
(II) Though lacking the oil and natural gas of their
Libyan and Algerian neighbours, Tunisias 9.6 million
people are by some estimates sixty per cent middle
class, with a poverty rate of only six per cent.
(III) Yearly economic growth rarely falls below five per
cent, and inflation is about three per cent.
(IV) Africa, originally a Roman term, meant Tunisia
long before it meant the continent. (V) Moreover, the
World Economic Forum rates Tunisia as the most
competitive country in Africa.
A) I
E) V
60. (I) Caviar has held a place at the top of Russian

menus under czarist, communist, and post-Soviet
regimes alike. (II) Until the Russian economic crisis of
1998, even people with modest incomes could afford
half a pound or so a month. (III) Caviar has always
been treasured in Russia, where people believe that
it provides relief from grief and despair. (IV) In
Eastern Europe, caviar fetches as much as $700 a
pound. (V) It is also prized for medical reasons since
it contains lipids, vitamins, and albumen.
A) I
A) I
E) V
59. (I) Academics are smart and fast, and, in

nonscientific fields such as law and history, they can
be very fluent. (II) They are able to supply plausible
commentary at short notice on pretty much any
subject that engages the interest of the public.
(III) The greater that interest, the greater the
outpouring of instant commentary. (IV) But when
academics speak unprepared, especially about
matters outside their area of expertise, the quality
tends to go down. (V) Furthermore, topics such as
foreign affairs, terrorism, security, the intricacies of
politics and the like have been studied extensively.
A) I
61. (I) When searching for land mines, it is exceedingly

difficult to distinguish them from the tin cans, spent
cartridges, and other metallic debris that litter a war
zone. (II) Fewer than one per cent of all signals from
de-miners metal detectors actually indicate land
mines. (III) Indeed, civilians have frequently been
victims of land mines. (IV) Moreover, the technology
used in the field has barely advanced since World
War II. (V) Therefore, the clearing process is
laborious and inefficient, as well as dangerous.
C) III
D) IV
E) V
63. (I) El Salvador is a country tectonically so volatile that

its capital city has been destroyed ten times in the
past four hundred years. (II) In Latin America, El
Salvador is not the first country to switch to the dollar,
nor is it likely to be the last. (III) At least twelve major
earthquakes shook El Salvador during the twentieth
century. (IV) And in this century, disaster did not wait
long to strike. (V) In early 2001, an earthquake
measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale levelled much of
the country, killing almost a thousand people.
A) I
E) V
B) II
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
13
A
NGLZCE
66. Libya is almost all desert with the exception of
the cities of Tripoli and Benghazi, which
traditionally have had little in common.

A) Libya is so covered by desert that it has only the

cities of Tripoli and Benghazi, which are totally
different from each other.
64. Clinton is said to be charismatic because he

seems to embody the virtue of caring when he
speaks.
A) Because people are very impressed by what
Clinton says, they admire him and think that he
has a great deal of charisma.
B) If one leaves out Tripoli and Benghazi, cities

historically almost competely unlike each other,
nearly all of Libya is covered by desert.
B) Because, through his speech, Clinton can move

people, they believe that charisma is a distinctive
quality of his character.
C) Libyas cities of Tripoli and Benghazi, which do

not share a common tradition, are not affected
by the desert which completely covers the
country.
C) Since in addressing people Clinton appears to

be genuinely concerned, it is said that he has
charisma.
D) Since Libyas cities of Tripoli and Benghazi,

which have little shared tradition, are situated on
the coast, the rest of the country is completely
covered by desert.
D) People are always very concerned when Clinton

addresses them, and so they regard him as a
very charismatic person.
E) Because Libya is covered by desert, its cities of

Tripoli and Benghazi, which do not have a
common historical heritage, are situated by the
sea.
E) When Clinton addresses people, he arouses

their feelings so much that they admire him for
his charismatic personality.
65. According to de-miners, up to 90 per cent of their

time is spent combing areas that ultimately prove
to be free of mines.
A) De-miners point out that they spend almost all of
their time searching thoroughly for mines in
areas which, in the end, turn out to be without
them.
67. Critics have disagreed as to whether Antigone or

Creon is the protagonist of Sophocles play
Antigone.
A) The question whether the main character in
Antigone, which is a play by Sophocles, is
Antigone or Creon is a matter of controversy
among critics.
B) As regards Sophocles play Antigone, critics
have pointed out that it is not certain whether
Antigone or Creon is a more important character.
B) As de-miners have pointed out, the search for

mines in areas which in fact do not have any
mines usually takes quite a long time.
C) To what extent Antigone or Creon becomes the

leading character in Sophocles Antigone has led
critics into a futile discussion.
C) As far as de-miners are concerned, a lot of time

is needed to undertake a search for mines in
areas where it is almost impossible to discover
them.
D) As we learn from de-miners, it takes some time
to look for mines in areas in which one discovers
that actually there are no mines.
E) For de-miners, it takes little time to search for
mines in areas which in fact do not have them.
D) According to various critical views, in his play

Antigone, Sophocles does not make it clear
whether Antigone or Creon is the most important
character.
E) There is much controversy among critics that, in
his play Antigone, Sophocles has failed to make
Antigone or Creon the leading character.
14
A
NGLZCE
68. Over the years researchers have learned a lot
about how and why cancer forms.
A) Through their research into cancer, scientists
have finally discovered the causes of the disease
and suggested various forms of treatment.
B) For many years, scientists have carried out
much research into different types of cancer and
are now able to discuss them fully.

70. John :
- Have you seen the recent report released by the
American Rivers Administration?
Allen :
- No, not yet. Whats your opinion?
C) It has taken a long time for scientists to find out

about various kinds of cancer and suggest
different methods of treatment.
John :
- ----
D) For many years, cancer research has been a

serious concern for researchers, who are now
able to explain the causes of this disease.
Allen :
- So it becomes increasingly urgent for the
authorities to put into effect far more efficient
measures to improve their condition. Dont you
think?
E) Those who are involved in cancer research

have, over time, come to know much about the
ways and causes of the diseases development.
A) I am sure you know that the American Rivers

Administration analyzes and studies the
condition of the major rivers in the country.
B) Most comprehensively prepared. It is very
upsetting to know how endangered most of the
nations rivers are.
C) Indeed, as you have just suggested, dams and
canals can be harmful to fish and wildlife
populations.
69. Stopping the international obesity epidemic is as

tough a problem as any now facing public-health
officials.
D) As I recall from previous reports, coal mining

operations fill streams with coal and dirt.
A) Public-health officials are trying hard, as they do

with any other problem, to prevent the spread of
obesity throughout the world.
E) It has always been admitted that the use of rivers

as a water supply for domestic and industrial
needs causes much depletion.
B) Public-health officials are finding it very hard to

prevent obesity throughout the world, which is
very serious like any other problem that
concerns them.
C) Obesity is so common throughout the world that
its prevention is a very difficult problem for
health-officials, who are already dealing with
other problems.
D) For public-health officials, the prevention of
obesity, which is widespread throughout the
world, is an extremely difficult problem like any
other they are currently concerned with.
E) It is not so challenging a task for public-health
officials, who are already dealing with many
serious problems, to prevent obesity in the world.
15
A
NGLZCE
72. Frank :
- To learn a little bit about how to cope with
physical allergies, Ive done some reading.
71. Doctor :
- Good to see you again. Whats the problem this
time?
Celia :
- Tell me in simple terms what you have learned.
Patient :
- Upon awakening, I feel pain and tightness on
the sides of my face.
Frank :
- ----
Doctor :
- ---Patient :
- I hope its not serious and can be treated easily.
Celia :
- Sounds very sensible, doesnt it?
A)
Sleeping pills may be used occasionally to help

people who have trouble sleeping because of
pain.
A) Surely you are aware that photosensitivity, which

is an allergy, may also result from concurrent
use of certain drugs or substances applied to the
skin.
B)
How interesting! I have always stated that

people can take steps to break the habit of
tooth grinding.
B) My suggestion is that people who are very

sensitive to sunlight should use sunscreens and
minimize sun exposure.
C)
I see. Generally, a case like this results from

muscle spasms brought on by repeated muscle
or tooth clenching and tooth grinding.
C) As far as I am concerned, itching, asthma, or

nasal stuffiness are among the most common
symptoms of physical allergy.
D)
Of course, treatment is needed when a person

has jaw pain or trouble moving his jaw.
E)
People with this condition need to suppress

yawns, cut food into small pieces, and eat food
thats easy to chew.
D) The common point everyone agrees on is that

the best way to deal with any physical allergy is
to prevent it by avoiding whatever tends to cause
it.
E) As everybody knows, a physical allergy is a
condition in which allergic symptoms develop in
response to a physical stimulus.
73. Jane :
- The point is made in this article that we need a
reliable source of electricity to meet our needs
in the 21st century.
Larry :
- But we also need clean air.
Jane :
- ---Larry :
- So you mean that nuclear power plants dont
pollute the air. Right?
A) Well, with nuclear energy, we can have both.
B) Why not? Nuclear energy already generates
more than 20 per cent of Americas electricity.
C) Year by year there is a growing need for more
energy nationwide.
D) In other words, the development of new energy
sources is very important to Americas energy
future.
E) I am afraid the world is fast heading towards a
huge environmental disaster.
16
A
NGLZCE
75. Lucy :
- Is it true that China is slightly larger in area than
the US?
74. Charles :
- Aircraft manufacturers are doing their best to
build ever more efficient, more reliable, less
polluting, quieter planes.
Kate :
- Thats what Ive read in a booklet on China.
Colleague :
- Yes, but there is a long way before absolute
reliability can be achieved!
Lucy :
- ----
Charles :
- ----
Kate :
- A varied topography indeed! Besides, the
Yangtze River is the third-longest river in the
world.
Colleague :
- Theres no doubt about that. Yet every effort
must be made for ultimate reliability.
A) Let me stress once again that, as the economy
develops and per capita income rises, per capita
travel rises even faster.
B) Considered in technical terms, there have been
few dramatic changes in large-aircraft design
since the 1960s.
C) It is a fact that, by the early 1940s, airplanes had
made it possible to cross the Atlantic in one long
day of travel.
D) On the other hand, in the 1960s, touring families
and students could fly from the US to Europe on
overnight charter flights.
A) The principal mountain ranges are the Tien

Shan, the Kunlun chain, and the TransHimalaya.
B) Moreover, from the map one can see that the
greater part of the country is mountainous, and
the Gobi Desert lies in the North.
C) I understand it has three great river systems: the
Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the Pearl
River.
D) The earliest recorded human settlements have
been discovered in the Huang Ho basin.
E) As you know, in the southwest is Tibet, which
China annexed in 1950.
E) Agreed. However, despite occasional horrific

crashes, modern airliners are about the safest
means of travel ever devised.
17
A
NGLZCE
77. It is clear from the passage that the fall of Berlin
in 1945 to the Allies and the Soviet Union ----.

cevaplaynz.
Today, the Berlin Crisis of 1961, in which the Soviet
Union demanded that Western powers cut their ties
with Berlin, may be the most forgotten crisis in the
annals of the Cold War. Even most Berliners who
lived through the event remember little about it. Yet
this crisis over Berlin brought America and the Soviet
Union, the two superpowers of the post-World War II
period, close to war. In fact, since the very end of
World War II, Berlin had been the centrepiece of a
struggle between these two superpowers. It was here
that World War II ended in 1945 when, following the
occupation and defeat of Nazi Germany by the allied
armies of the United States, Britain, and France from
the west, and the Soviet Union from the east, the city
had been captured and divided into the separate
zones of East and West Berlin. Soon afterwards
Germany had itself split into East and West, and the
border between the two had become the dividing line
(the so-called iron curtain) between Sovietcontrolled Eastern Europe and free, capitalist
Western Europe. Thus, situated behind this iron
curtain and stuck a hundred miles inside Eastern
territory, West Berlin was claimed, protected and
supplied by the Western powers. In 1948, Stalin
imposed a blockade, cutting West Berlin off from its
Western suppliers. The United States responded with
an airlift, keeping the zone alive for more than 300
days before Allied access was restored.
A) resulted from the establishment of the so-called

iron curtain between East and West Germany
B) was one of a series of political crises, the most
serious of which was the one in 1961
C) followed the division of Germany into East and
West
D) clearly represented the final defeat and collapse
of Nazi Germany
E) completely undermined Nazi Germanys political
and military ambitions to conquer Europe
78. In the passage, the writer points out that,

paradoxically, ----.
A) even if America did not want the Soviet Union to
capture Berlin completely, it acted fast and
moved into West Berlin
76. As one learns from the passage, West Berlin ----.
B) since the Allies and the Soviet Union fought in

World War II against Nazi Germany, in fact they
cooperated in many respects, including the
capture of Berlin
A) received so much American aid during the Cold

War that its people enjoyed a comfortable life
B) was recognized by the Soviet Union during the
Cold War as a separate American territory
C) although the 1961 Berlin crisis almost led to a

military confrontation between America and the
Soviet Union, for most residents of Berlin today it
has lost its significance
C) was, during the Cold War, far more prosperous

and secure than East Berlin
D) despite their alliance during World War II, the

United States, Britain and France each had
conflicting policies towards Nazi Germany
D) made an alliance during the Cold War with the

United States against a possible Soviet invasion
E) was able to survive the Soviet blockade in 1948
through relief provided by the United States
E) while Berliners experienced many hardships

under the Soviet occupation of their city, they did
not show any resistance
18
A
NGLZCE
80. As it is clear from the passage, in the aftermath of
World War II, ----.
79. The point is made in the passage that, during the

early decades of the Cold War, ----.
A) Europe was no longer an undivided continent,

with Eastern Europe falling under Soviet rule
A) the United States and its allies were totally

indifferent to the political implications of the socalled iron-curtain
B) the United States and the Soviet Union were
locked in political conflict over Berlin
B) the American presence throughout Europe

rapidly increased and was strengthened to keep
the Soviets under control
C) the Soviet Union followed a policy of peace and

friendship towards the United States and its
allies
C) the Eastern European countries willingly joined

the Soviet Union and began to enjoy great
economic prosperity
D) Berliners regarded the Allied and Soviet

occupation of their city as a relief from the Nazi
regime
D) the security of Berlin became so urgent that the

western powers took a number of measures to
protect it against an invasion
E) the United States and the Soviet Union reached

an agreement on the question of how Germany
was to be divided
E) while the Allied armies left Germany, the Soviet

army remained in the country, continuing its
occupation
19
A
NGLZCE
82. As can be understood from the passage, the
writer ----.

cevaplaynz.
Narva is a quiet northeastern Estonian town bathed
in sea breezes. Though small, with a population of
just over 72,000, it occupies a large place in Russian
history. It was here in 1700 that, by attacking the
Swedes, who were then in control of much of the
Baltic coast, Russia launched its final campaign in a
centuries-long quest to become a European power.
The battle ended in defeat for the Russians, but the
war did not; by 1721 Russia had conquered the
Baltic territories as far southwest as Riga, the capital
of present-day Latvia, and had built a new capital,
Saint Petersburg, on the Gulf of Finland. Later in
that century, Russia, through a partition agreement
with Austria and Prussia, gained control of the rest
of the Baltics, and would retain them until the fall of
the Soviet Union in 1991.
A) points out that Narva is an attractive and wellknown centre for tourism in Estonia
B) describes the hardships which the Baltic
countries endured under the Russians in the
eighteenth century
C) stresses how the Russian expansion in the
Baltics in the 1720s was prevented by Austria
and Prussia
D) draws a contrast between the present-day
romantic appearance of Narva and its historic
significance
E) compares Riga with Narva and concludes that
the Latvian capital is historically more important
83. As one learns from the passage, it was before

1721 that ----.
81. According to the passage, the Russian conquest

of the Baltics ----.
A) the Russians re-captured Riga from the Swedes

and made it the capital of Latvia
A) forced both Austria and Prussia to give up their

centuries-old claims on the Baltic territories and
sign a treaty
B) Russia reached an agreement with Austria and

Prussia for the partition of the whole Baltic region
B) was finalized in the eighteenth century partly

through war and partly through a multi-lateral
treaty
C) Russia became a major European power which

completely dominated the Baltics
C) included only the region between Narva in

northeastern Estonia and Saint Petersburg on
the Gulf of Finland
D) the Swedes and the Russians agreed on their

respective control of the Baltic territories
E) the city of Saint Petersburg was founded by the
Russians on the Gulf of Finland
D) was several times resisted by the Swedes,

whom the Russians were unable to defeat and
drive out of the region
E) involved a very long war with the Swedes on the
one hand, and with Austria and Prussia on the
other
20
A
NGLZCE
85. It is clear from the passage that Russias invasion
of the Baltics in the early eighteenth century ----.
84. It is pointed out in the passage that ----.

A) Russian possession of the Baltic territories
lasted until the late twentieth century
A) put at risk the centuries-long good relations

which she had maintained with other European
powers
B) Prussian control of the Baltic territories lasted

throughout the eighteenth century and after
B) was a thorough military campaign which lasted

for many decades and failed to achieve its aims
C) no European power in the eighteenth century

was concerned about the Russian invasion of
the Baltics
D) the Swedes and the Russians were constantly at
war with each other for the possession of the
Baltics
E) the Russian conquest of the Baltic territories has
always been a controversial issue in Russian
history
C) signified the final stage of her efforts towards

becoming a European power that had gone on
for centuries
D) increased enormously the importance of both
Narva and Riga as major military centres in the
region
E) so alarmed other European powers that they
immediately made an alliance among
themselves
21
A
NGLZCE
87. It is emphasized in the passage that the novel ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) never loses its romantic tone, even though some

of the scenes described can be very depressing
and upsetting
Set in 1941 in Leningrad, Helen Dunmores novel

The Siege opens with deceptively gentle scenes of
Chekhovian melancholy. After the death of her
mother, 23-year-old Anna Levin, the protagonist,
gives up her artistic studies to look after her 5-yearold brother and her politically suspect father
Abraham, who, as a writer, has fallen out of favour
with Stalins cultural police. So she jumps at the
chance to make a drawing of the retired actress
Marina Petrovna, with whom Annas father might
once have had a romantic relationship. But Annas
worries about art and romance are soon swept away
as the Germans besiege her native city. At this point,
Dunmores novel transforms abruptly as well, shifting
from a romantic narrative into a study of survival
under most extreme hardships. Annas abundant
artistic creativity is put to use providing food and fuel
for her helpless family, and her drawing skills are
called on to sketch a neighbours starved baby so
that the grieving mother might remember her lost
child. Indeed, the novel presents a striking contrast
between the gentle display of human emotions and
the rude dictates of survival under the most inhuman
circumstances.
B) shows how Helen Dunmore differs from the

Russian writer Chekhov in her detailed portrayal
of characters
C) is not only a narrative of romantic scenes, but
also the depiction of a cruel reality in which
human survival was almost impossible
D) primarily focuses on the complexity of human
emotions and tries to demonstrate this through
the depiction of a wide range of characters
E) is embedded with a number of inconsistencies
as regards style and characterization, which
make Dunmores literary creativity rather
superficial
88. It is clear from the passage that Annas study of

art ----.
86. According to the passage, Helen Dunmores

novel The Siege is mainly the story of ----.
A) was supported by her father, who, as a political

writer, often wrote against the cultural policies of
Stalins regime
A) how the children of Leningrad in particular

suffered extreme hardship when the Germans
besieged the city in 1941
B) was interrupted as, following her mothers death,

she had to take care of her family
B) the famous actress Marina Petrovna, who was

living in retirement when the Germans besieged
Leningrad in 1941
C) was carried out under the most favourable

circumstances, and her fame as a promising
young artist soon spread throughout Leningrad
C) the strong armed resistance that the people of

Leningrad put up against the Germans when the
city was besieged
D) was a great achievement for her, despite the fact

that her artistic creativity had not been
recognized at first
D) how a young artist, Anna Levin, struggled hard

with her family to survive during the German
siege of Leningrad in 1941
E) took so long that, in the end, she gave it up to

join the people of Leningrad in their defence of
the city against the Germans
E) the romantic relationship between the actress

Marina Petrovna and the writer Abraham Levin,
who was a political activist
22
A
NGLZCE
90. In the passage, the writer draws attention to the
fact that, in Leningrad under siege, Anna ----.
89. It is pointed out in the passage that, when the

German siege of Leningrad began, ----.
A) Annas concern about her own artistic future was
totally wiped out
A) offered care to the mothers who lost their

children because of the terrible food shortage
B) Annas father Abrahams love affair with Marina

Petrovna came to an end
B) was especially worried about the fate of children,

most of whom starved to death
C) Anna had already become famous because of

her portrait of the actress Marina Petrovna
C) helped many people to put up with the most

extreme hardships of life
D) Stalins cultural police arrested Abraham

because of his subversive ideas
D) seriously devoted herself to a study of Chekhovs

literary works
E) the inhabitants made various arrangements to

overcome the serious shortage of food and fuel
in the city
E) used her artistic capacity not only to support her

family but also to represent human suffering
23
A
NGLZCE
92. As one finds out from the passage, it would be
wrong to maintain that ----.

cevaplaynz.
Following World War II, European countries largely
gave up their colonial possessions and, by the 1950s
and 1960s, had already begun to receive growing
numbers of immigrants from their former colonies. In
many instances, these included the descendants of
the slaves in the colonies, who had been forced to
work. In this respect, Britain is a case in point.
Though in small numbers, Africans and Indians had
come to Britain long before the tens of thousands
who came as colonial immigrants in the 1960s and
thereafter. The first Africans who came to Britain
were probably soldiers during the Roman possession
of that country in antiquity. In modern times,
especially in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,
African and Indian princes and scholars visited
Britain. Others coming to Britain were in service
positions; for instance, in the eighteenth century,
black African and Indian young men were fashionable
as servants in the homes of the wealthy. Africans and
Indians also came to Britain as sailors and traders,
and port towns, such as London, Glasgow, Bristol,
Cardiff and Liverpool, developed small black
populations in the early nineteenth century, some of
which persisted into the twentieth century. Relations
between these populations and the native white
population were varied, historians citing instances
both of hostility and solidarity.
A) many of the immigrants to Britain came from

India and the other colonies
B) Africans arrived in Britain for the first time in the
twentieth century
C) European colonial rule in Africa ended in the
post-World War II period
D) Britain was occupied and ruled by the Romans
E) the domestic staff of the wealthy in Britain often
included Africans and Indians
93. It is stressed in the passage that Britain ----.

A) was the only colonial power in Europe that
objected to the practice of slavery
B) was faced soon after World War II with an
enormous influx of immigrants
C) had already possessed a large community of
Africans under Roman rule
91. It is pointed out in the passage that the black

communities living in some British port towns in
the early years of the nineteenth century ----.
D) began to receive huge numbers of colonial

immigrants from the 1960s onwards
A) were not always treated in a friendly way by the

white population
B) consisted solely of sailors who came mainly from
Britains colonies in Africa
E) always welcomed large numbers of immigrants

from its colonies in Africa and elsewhere
C) were completely constituted by merchants who

were involved in overseas trade with India
D) were made up of travellers from Africa and India,
who visited Britain for various reasons
E) were essentially formed by colonial immigrants
from Africa as well as India
24
A
NGLZCE
94. As stated in the passage, many of the immigrants
that arrived in Europe after World War II ----.
95. It is pointed out in the passage that, in the past,

----.
A) Africans and Indians preferred Britain to other
European countries for settlement and
employment
A) were actually fleeing from the slave labour

invariably practised in the colonies
B) constituted small minorities that became the
target of white native hatred
B) Britain possessed the largest and most densely

populated colonies throughout the world
C) were the relatives of the former colonial slaves
C) the European countries rivalled Britain both in

trade and in the colonization of Africa
D) were interested in service positions and, hence,

were mostly employed as servants
D) the European colonial powers, including Britain,

refused to accept immigrants from their colonies
E) were in fact the descendants of the slaves

especially in India
E) among the early colonial visitors to Britain were

students and members of the native nobility from
Africa and India
25
A
NGLZCE
97. One understands from the passage that NASA
----.

cevaplaynz.
A couple of months ago NASA asked the scientific
community what kinds of research it should conduct
when it returns humans to the moon. In doing so,
NASA wanted prioritized research objectives for the
robotic orbiters and landers that will be used primarily
for reconnaissance purposes prior to later
explorations by astronauts of the lunar surface.
Recommendations made by scientists varied greatly,
but they can be summarized. The top priority that
scientists have recommended is the development of
programmes for lunar data analysis. Next is the
exploration of the moons south pole, which is called
the Aitken basin, an impact scar mostly on the
moons back side. Then comes an instrument
network for probing the interior of the moon, and this
is followed by rock sample returns, scientifically
selected landing sites, and analysis of any icy polar
deposits.
A) and scientists have conflicting research

objectives about the moon
B) has already developed a multi-purpose research
programme for the moon
C) always consults the scientific community, but
seldom takes its advice into consideration
D) is planning to send robots to the moon before it
sends astronauts
E) has been indifferent to various recommendations
made by scientists
96. From the research recommendations summarized

in the passage, it becomes clear that ----.
A) there is still a lot that has to be learned about the
moon
B) scientists are extensively familiar with the
structure of the moon
C) the exploration of the lunar surface is not so
urgent as understanding the inner structure of
the moon
D) the scientific community does not regard NASAs
objectives about the moon as feasible
E) NASA is determined to make the moon a new
base for space exploration
26
A
NGLZCE
98. As is clear from the passage, NASAs purpose in
consulting scientists is to ----.
100. It is clearly stated in the passage that astronauts

----.
A) make sure that its programmes for lunar data

analysis are supported by them
A) will use a variety of instruments only to learn

about the interior of the moon
B) learn whether the moon has water deposited as

ice under its poles
B) will be sent to the moon to investigate the lunar

surface
C) find out about the kind of research which is

primarily important for lunar exploration
C) will, in the first place, select a suitable spot for

landing their craft
D) encourage them to focus their attention on a full

study of the Aitken basin
D) are expected to discover icy deposits under the

south pole
E) give them the opportunity to discuss their

research results about the moon
E) have been trained to perform lunar data analysis
99. According to the passage, one of the

recommendations made by the scientific
community concerns ----.
A) the scientific specification of the locations where
robots or astronauts can land
B) the problems related to the working of the robots
orbiting the moon or landing on the surface
C) the analysis of the rock samples that will be
taken from the Aitken basin
D) the tasks that will be performed by the
astronauts when they explore the moons south
pole
E) the question of how NASA can benefit from the
results obtained from lunar explorations
TEST BTT.
27

11 KASIM 2007
NGLZCE
A KTAPII
1. D
26. B
51. E
76. E
2. C
27. E
52. B
77. D
3. A
28. A
53. D
78. C
4. E
29. C
54. E
79. B
5. C
30. D
55. A
80. A
6. B
31. C
56. B
81. B
7. D
32. E
57. E
82. D
8. E
33. B
58. C
83. E
9. C
34. A
59. E
84. A
10. A
35. C
60. D
85. C
11. E
36. D
61. C
86. D
12. D
37. A
62. D
87. C
13. C
38. E
63. B
88. B
14. A
39. C
64. C
89. A
15. B
40. A
65. A
90. E
16. D
41. D
66. B
91. A
17. E
42. B
67. A
92. B
18. A
43. E
68. E
93. D
19. C
44. C
69. D
94. C
20. D
45. A
70. B
95. E
21. E
46. B
71. C
96. A
22. B
47. C
72. D
97. D
23. C
48. D
73. A
98. C
24. D
49. B
74. E
99. A
25. A
50. A
75. B
100. B
2008
May
A
KPDS NG / MAYIS 2008
5. In the resort areas of Greece, travel agents offer a
wide range of excursions on air-conditioned
coaches ---- qualified guides.
1. The genetic fingerprinting technique, which was
developed in the UK and is now used as a ---- of
legal identification, determines the pattern of
certain parts of the genetic material DNA that is
unique to each individual.
A) benefit
B) structure
C) sufficiency
D) combination
A) accompanied by
B) put up with
C) adapted to
D) designed for
E) turned into
E) means
2. In existentialism, it is argued that people are

responsible for, and the ---- judge of, their
actions.
A) expansive
B) sole
C) previous
D) irresistible
6. The ruins of ancient Troy ---- as breath-taking as

those of Ephesus or Aphrodisias, but, for anyone
who has ever read Homers Iliad or Odyssey, they
have a romance few places on Earth ----.
A) have not been / hoped to have matched
B) had not been / would hope to match
E) prevalent
C) may not be / can hope to match

D) are not / hoped to match
E) could not have been / hope to match
3. By the start of the 1990s, popular music had
become ---- globalized, with seventy per cent of
all production resting in the hands of just five
companies.
A) possibly
B) rarely
C) negligently
D) significantly
E) respectively
7. Nineteenth-century military helmets ---- than they
now appear, but even at their best they ---- the
way to the future of head protection.
4. The League of Nations, established in Geneva in

1920, included representatives from states
throughout the world, but was severely weakened
by the US decision not to become a member, and
had no power to ---- its decisions.
A) have been better designed / do not point

B) could be better designed / would not point
C) are better designed / will not point
A) impress
B) compel
D) may have been better designed / did not point
C) accomplish
D) implicate
E) can be better designed / had not pointed
E) enforce
A
12. The Danish poet and novelist Jeppe Aakjr grew
up in the Jutland farming area and ---- was well
aware of the harsh conditions endured by farm
labourers in his country.
8. Cabbage ---- as early as 2000 B.C., and the

commercial varieties now ---- Brussels sprouts,
common cabbage, sprouting broccoli, and
kohlrabi.
A) might have been cultivated / have included
A) on the contrary
B) even so
B) had been cultivated / included
C) so
D) still
E) nevertheless
C) would be cultivated / used to include

D) would have been cultivated / can include
E) was cultivated / include
13. ---- the US and Brazil both occupy the American

continent, the northern location of the former and
the southern location of the latter plainly mark a
real distinction and bring important policy
consequences.
9. Foreign policy is composed of the goals sought,

values set, decisions made and actions taken ---states and the national governments acting ---their behalf.
A) by / on
B) about / for
C) at / from
D) over / between
A) As long as
B) Now that
D) After
E) in / among
10. A priori knowledge ---- Western philosophy is

knowledge that is independent ---- all particular
experiences, as opposed to a posteriori
knowledge, which derives from experience alone.
C) Only if
E) Although
14. ---- Windsor Castle, occupying ---- area of 287

hectares, is among the most beautiful royal
residences in Europe.
A) at / for
B) in / of
A) The / an
B) This / such an
C) through / by
D) beside / towards
C) An / the
D) The most / such

E) That / Some
E) with / from
15. Geometry is usually divided into pure geometry,

which roughly embraces the plane and solid
geometry dealt with by Euclid, and analytical or
coordinate geometry, ---- problems are solved
using algebraic methods.
11. ---- not all negative thoughts and feelings are bad
for health, specific emotional states, especially
stress and depression, have now been linked to
heart trouble of all kinds.
A) When
B) Suppose that
C) As if
D) Whenever
A) in that
B) in which
D) which
E) Though
C) by whom
E) whichever
A
ifadeyi bulunuz.
ifadeyi bulunuz.
However hazy their grasp of astronomy may be, most

adults hold several beliefs with some certainty. They
believe, for example, that the Earth is round and that
it revolves around another, larger round body (the
Sun), (16) ---- a smaller round body (the Moon)
revolves around it. They also believe (17) ---- certain
familiar phenomena, such as the day-night cycle and
the seasons, depend on the movements and relative
positions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon. But how do
adults come to form such beliefs? The facts of
astronomy are hardly evident in everyday experience;
if anything, the reverse (18) ---- to be true. Children
experience an apparently flat earth from which they
see the Sun move (19) ---- the sky, and they learn
things that seem incompatible with the notion that
people could somehow live on the surface of a large
ball. Is the development of adult-level understanding,
therefore, simply a matter of suppressing childish
beliefs and gradually (20) ---- the views of modern
adult society?
The Pergamum of Eumenes II is remembered

(21) ---- for its library. Said to have held more than
200,000 volumes, the library was a symbol of
Pergamums social and cultural status. Eumenes was
a passionate book collector, and his library came to
challenge the worlds greatest one in Alexandria
(700,000 books). Afraid that the Pergamum library
(22) ---- famous scholars away from Alexandria, the
Egyptians cut off the supply of papyrus from the Nile.
Never one to refuse a challenge, Eumenes set his
scientists to work and they (23) ---- pergamen (Latin
for parchment), a writing surface made from animal
hides rather than pressed papyrus reeds. (24) ---- the
end, however, it was the Egyptians who had the last
laugh. (25) ---- the library at Alexandria was damaged
by fire, Mark Antony pillaged the one at Pergamum
for books to give to his beloved Cleopatra.
21.
16.
A) after
B) as if
D) while
A) with a view
B) as well as
C) most of all
D) enough
C) where
E) just in case
E) if
22.
A) attracted
17.
A) in that
B) as
D) since
B) would attract
C) those
C) might have attracted
E) that
D) will attract
18.
E) may attract
A) must have been argued

23.
B) could be argued
C) will be argued
A) came up with
B) stepped over
D) might have been argued
C) stood against
D) ran over
E) carried on with
E) would have been argued

19.
A) along
B) about
D) across
24.
C) among
A) Off
E) aboard
B) In
D) Through
C) By
E) To
20.
A) accepting
B) eliminating
C) recovering
D) maintaining
25.
A) Even though
E) overloading
B) Until
D) Even if
C) In case
E) When
A
28. ----, but just over 1 per cent of them spend the
night in Umbria, in the south of Tuscany.

A) Visitors to Lake Trasimeno will see few other

tourists
26. Although the British Royal Navy claims that it

was not operating any warships in the area at the
time, ----.
B) Perugia is home to a world-famous jazz festival

in the summer and a chocolate festival in the fall
A) underwater noise hasnt been fully recognized as

a form of pollution
C) In the town of Deruta, handmade gift-items fill

many shop windows
B) it must have been military sonar that killed the

whales and dolphins
D) Tuscany attracts more than 12 per cent of all

visitors to Italy
C) there are no hard and fast guidelines for seismic

surveys
E) Scenic stone hilltowns such as Assisi and

Gubbio are among the main attractions
D) the UK would have had 25 warships which

carried active sonar
E) a number of marine mammals beached
themselves during this American military
operation
29. If labour could be measured adequately in simple

homogeneous units of time, such as labourhours, ----.
27. Half of the increase in EU Aid for Trade is

specifically targeted toward the African,
Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP), ----.
A) it covers many other kinds of areas as well, such

as social security and worker satisfaction
A) unless the European Commission set up this

programme to promote investment and
technology flow in these countries
B) a change in the organization of the communitys

labour would be likely to increase the annual
production of wealth
B) although the EU has used trade to advance its

development cooperation objectives in the ACP
nations for decades
C) earlier economists failed to find a simple relation

between the value of a product and the quantity
of labour that it embodied
C) with which the EU is negotiating regional

Economic Partnership Agreements designed to
remove all tariff and quota barriers to the EU
market
D) different uses of the available supply of labour

need to be considered
D) which could have enabled the least-developed

countries to use trade more effectively to achieve
their development goals
E) the problems of economics would be

considerably simplified
E) because the European Commission allocated

billions of dollars for cooperation with non-ACP
countries
A
33. All the major cities and islands of Spain have
airports, ----.
30. ----, where they are often seen floating in the

water like logs, with only their nostrils, eyes, and
ears above the surface.
A) but buses will be a faster and more frequently

used option between smaller towns
A) The Mississippi alligator, the American crocodile,

and the Chinese alligator are the only other
species
B) until Spain has an increasingly efficient

transportation system
B) Crocodiles are found near swamps, lakes, and

rivers in Asia, Africa, Australia, and Central
America
C) even if both the road and rail networks were

greatly improved during the 1980s and in the
run-up to the Barcelona Olympics in 1992
C) As recently as several decades ago, crocodiles

were plentiful in much of the tropics and
subtropics
D) so in much of rural Spain, public transportation is

limited and a car is the most practical solution for
getting around
D) This would have helped crocodiles to adapt to

different environments
E) though only a few of them cater to international

flights
E) Crocodiles can grow up to 7 metres in length,

and have long, powerful tails that propel them
when swimming
34. In the US in 1882, Peter J. McGuire, who is
generally given credit for the idea of Labor Day,
suggested to the Central Labor Union of New
York ----.
31. While some argue that the Elgin Marbles, ----, are
more carefully preserved there, the Greek
government does not accept the legality of the
sale that took place in 1816 and believes they
belong in Athens.
A) if there was any particular significance for the

date
B) that there should be a holiday honouring
American workers
A) after they were acquired from the Ottoman

authorities of the time
C) whether the significance of Labor Day in the US

had changed
B) since they are also called the Parthenon Marbles
D) whereas, in many other countries, May Day

serves a similar purpose
C) so they are very famous indeed

D) which are kept in the British Museum in London
E) when the first Monday in September was to be

known as Labor Day
E) as if they were sold to the British nation
35. Germany is similar in many ways to France, Italy

and the UK ----.
32. A colour-blind person cannot see any difference

between two colours ----.
A) unless it attaches primary importance to both

multilateral and bilateral diplomacy
A) while to people with normal sight they are clearly

different
B) as though the EU were essentially in control of

environmental policies
B) as if red and green were completely different
C) where the foreign policy process in Germany had

to agree to a compromise in recent years
C) if this were the case with traffic-lights

D) since this is a potentially dangerous situation
D) although this had led to arguments concerning

the proper role of the German Foreign Ministry in
shaping and implementing policy
E) whether the top light or the bottom light signals

stop
E) in that it is one of just a few European states

which attempt to maintain worldwide
representation
A
38. In addition to traffic fatalities, alcohol use has
been implicated in many other deaths among
young people, including drownings, falls,
suicides, and homicides.

36. People spend energy when they are physically
active, but they also spend energy when they are
resting quietly.
A) Genler arasnda alkol kullanm, trafik lmlerinden baka, boulmalar, dmeler, intiharlar ve
cinayetler gibi dier lm trlerinin de nedeni olmutur.
A) nsanlar, bedensel olarak etkin olduklarnda

enerji harcarlar, ama sakin bir ekilde dinlenirlerken de enerji harcarlar.
B) Genler arasndaki alkol kullanm, trafik lmlerinin yan sra, boulmalar, dmeler, intiharlar
ve cinayetler gibi dier pek ok eit lme yol
aabilmektedir.
B) nsanlarn bedensel olarak etkin olmas, onlarn

enerji harcamalarna yol aar; ancak, hi hareket
etmediklerinde de enerji harcarlar.
C) Alkol kullanm, genler arasnda, trafik lmlerine ek olarak, boulmalar, dmeler, intiharlar
ve cinayetler dahil dier birok lmn nedeni
olmutur.
C) Bedensel olarak etkin olduklarnda enerji harcayan insanlar, sakin olduklarnda da enerji harcarlar.
D) Trafik lmlerinden ayr olarak, boulmalar, dmeler, intiharlar ve cinayetler, alkol kullanm nedeniyle genler arasnda yaygn olan dier lm
biimleridir.
D) nsanlar, bedensel etkinlikte bulunurlarsa enerji

harcamas olur, ama hi hareket etmezlerse de
enerji harcamas olur.
E) Bedensel etkinlikte bulunan insanlar enerji harcarlar; ancak, bu insanlarn enerjileri dinlendiklerinde de harcanr.
E) Alkol kullanm nedeniyle, trafik lmlerinden ayr

olarak, genler arasnda yaygn olan dier lm
biimleri, boulmalar, dmeler, intiharlar ve cinayetlerdir.
39. We are proud to be part of a programme that

gives these often overlooked but extremely
talented athletes long-overdue recognition.
37. Many people believe that an ulcer is caused by

stress or spicy foods, but this is not the case.
A) Son derece yetenekli olsalar da bugne kadar

ihmal edilmi olan bu atletlere hak ettikleri itibar,
katlmaktan bizim de kvan duyduumuz bu
programla salanmaktadr.
A) Stresin veya baharatl yiyeceklerin lsere neden

olduu ou insann kansdr, fakat bu hi de
doru deildir.
B) Birok insan, lserin olumasnda stresin veya
baharatl gdalarn etkili olduuna inansa da, gerek durum byle deildir.
B) Bizim de gururla dahil olduumuz program, bugne kadar unutulmu, ancak stn yeteneklere
sahip tm bu atletlere hak ettikleri itibar salamaktadr.
C) ok sayda insann inancna gre, stres veya baharatl gdalar sklkla lsere yol amaktadr, ancak durum yle deildir.
C) Biz hepimiz, ou kez nemsenmemi, ancak

stn yetenekleri olan tm bu atletlere hak ettikleri itibar salayan bir programda yer almaktan
son derece kvanlyz.
D) Pek ok insan, lserin, stres veya baharatl gdalar nedeniyle olutuuna inanr, ancak durum
byle deildir.
D) inde yer almaktan son derece kvan duyduumuz bu programla, bugne kadar nemsenmeyen, ancak yetenekleri en stn olan bu atletlere
hak ettikleri itibar salanmaktadr.
E) lserin zellikle stresin veya baharatl yiyeceklerin sonucu olarak ortaya ktna birok insan
inanmaktadr, ancak iin gerei bu deildir.
E) Biz, ou kez nem verilmemi, ancak son derece yetenekli bu atletlere oktan hak ettikleri itibar salayan bir programn paras olmaktan
gurur duyuyoruz.
A
40. The purpose of this training is to accustom the
soldiers of the United Nations Peacekeeping
Forces to working in a dangerous but largely
civilian environment.

41. 1996da bir Gney Kore aratrma gemisi, Gney
Korelilerin Dokdo, Japonlarn ise Takeshima
dedikleri bir grup adaya yakn ihtilfl sulara girerek Japonyann fkesine yol at.
A) Bu eitimle, Birlemi Milletler Bar Gc askerlerinin tehlikeli fakat ounlukla sivil bir evrede
alma ve grev yapmalar amalanmaktadr.
B) Birlemi Milletler Bar Gc askerlerini tehlikeli
ancak sivil bir evrede grev yapmaya altrmak
bu eitimin asl amacn oluturmaktadr.
A) In 1996, a South Korean research vessel

aroused Japanese anger by entering disputed
waters near a group of islands that the South
Koreans call Dokdo and the Japanese
Takeshima.
C) Bu eitimin amac, tehlikeli ancak ounlukla sivil bir evrede, Birlemi Milletler Bar Gc askerlerinin grevlerini yerine getirmelerini salamaktr.
B) It was in 1996 that, when a South Korean

research vessel entered disputed waters around
a group of islands called Dokdo by the South
Koreans and Takeshima by the Japanese, the
Japanese people got exceedingly angry.
D) Bu eitimin amac, Birlemi Milletler Bar Gc

askerlerini, tehlikeli fakat ounlukla sivil bir evrede almaya altrmaktr.
C) Upon the entry of a South Korean research

vessel in 1996 into disputed waters surrounding
a group of islands which the South Koreans call
Dokdo and the Japanese Takeshima, a great
deal of anger was aroused among the Japanese
people.
E) Bu eitimle amalanan, Birlemi Milletler Bar

Gc askerlerinin son derece tehlikeli ancak ounlukla sivil bir evrede grev iin almalarn
salamaktr.
D) In 1996, the Japanese people were angered

since a South Korean research vessel had
entered disputed waters near a group of islands
called Dokdo by the South Koreans, and
Takeshima by the Japanese.
E) In 1996, disputed waters surrounding a group of
islands, which the South Koreans call Dokdo
and the Japanese Takeshima, were entered by
a South Korean research vessel, causing much
anger in Japan.
42. Gs kanseri hakkndaki korkunun bir ksm, bu
hastaln tehlikelerine ilikin yanl bilgiye ve
yanl anlamaya dayanmaktadr.
A) There is so much misinformation as well as
misunderstanding about the risks of breast
cancer that it has led to a great deal of fear
about this disease.
B) Misinformation and misunderstanding with
regard to the risks of breast cancer have caused
people to fear this disease.
C) The risks of breast cancer are such that
misinformation and misunderstanding about this
disease have been the cause of much fear.
D) Some of the fear about breast cancer is based
on misinformation and misunderstanding
concerning the risks of this disease.
E) Breast cancer involves various risks, but some of
the fear about this disease mainly derives from
misinformation and misunderstanding
concerning it.
A
43. Siyas bir dahi, ancak bir ekonomi amatr olan
Bakan Bill Clintonn en kayda deer baars,
Beyaz Sarayda bulunduu sekiz yl boyunca,
Amerikann ekonomik temeline gerekten yeni
bir g katlmasdr.
45. ou oyunda, bize sunulan dnya ne denli

gerek d olursa olsun, bizden onu geici olarak
gerek dnya gibi grmemiz beklenir.
A) In a variety of plays, the world presented to us
may be unreal, but it is expected that, at least
temporarily, we take it for the real world.
A) During the eight years President Bill Clinton was

in the White House, the American economic
base was remarkably strengthened by the truly
new power which, as an economic amateur, but
a political genius, he put into it.
B) In most plays, however unreal may be the world

presented to us, we are expected to regard it
temporarily as the real world.
C) The world presented to us in most plays may be
unreal, even though we are expected to consider
it for some time to be the real world.
B) During his eight years in the White House,

President Bill Clinton, who was a political genius
but an economic amateur, achieved great
success by adding a great deal of new power to
the heart of the American economy.
D) In a number of plays, we are presented with an

unreal world, which is to be understood by us, at
least for a certain period, as the real world.
C) As a political genius, but an economic amateur,

President Bill Clintons most controversial
success was in fact the new power which he
injected into the core of the American economy
during his eight years in the White House.
E) We are expected temporarily to take for real the

unreal world which we see presented in most
plays.
D) During the eight years he spent in the White

House, President Bill Clinton, a political genius,
though an economic amateur, put real new
power into Americas economic base.
E) The most remarkable achievement of President
Bill Clinton, who was a political genius but an
economic amateur, was that, during the eight
years he was in the White House, truly new
power was added to Americas economic base.
46. An independent city close to Berlin, Potsdam has
almost 150,000 inhabitants and is the capital of
Brandenburg. ----. The town blossomed in the
1600s, during the era of the Great Elector, and
then again in the 18th century, when the splendid
summer palace, Schloss Sanssouci, was built for
Frederick the Great. Potsdam suffered badly in
World War II, particularly on April 14 and 15, 1945,
when the Allies bombed the town centre.
44. klim deiiklii ile ilgili ou bilim adam, kentlerin, evrelerinden daha scak olduu ve bulut oluumuna neden olan dikey hava akmlar yaratt
grndedir.
A) Most scientists concerned with climate change
are of the opinion that cities are hotter than their
surroundings and create updrafts of air causing
cloud formation.
A) The Marmorpalais (Marble Palace) is located on

the edge of the lake in the Neuer Garten, a park
northeast of Potsdams centre
B) A number of scientists dealing with climate

change maintain that, as cities are much hotter
than the surrounding environment, updrafts of air
occur over them and lead to cloud formation.
B) Despite its wartime losses, Potsdam is today one

of Germanys most attractive towns
C) As many scientists studying climate change have

suggested, since cities are relatively warmer
than their surroundings, there are updrafts of air
over them which bring about cloud formation.
C) The Schloss Cecilienhof played an important role

in history in 1945, when it served as the venue
for the Potsdam Conference
D) Many scientists who are experts in climate

change are convinced that cloud formation
results from updrafts of air over cities, which are
usually hotter than their surroundings.
D) The first documented reference to the town

dates from A.D. 993; it was later granted
municipal rights in 1317
E) Tourists flock to see the magnificent royal estate,
Park Sanssouci, and to stroll in the Neuer Garten
E) A lot of scientists who are specialists in climate

change have argued that, because cities are far
hotter than their surroundings, this causes
updrafts of air which lead to cloud formation.
A
49. With more than 600 species of orchids, Nicaragua
is prime territory for one of natures most
exquisite treasures. The Selva Negra Mountain
Resort in the central part of the country boasts at
least 140 species in its grounds, with 14 hiking
trails that make orchid sightings anything but
rare. ----. The best time to visit this particular
region is in the dry season, from February to May,
when there is little rain and temperatures are
cool.
47. ----. For instance, Alpine scenery predominates in

the Tatra Mountains to the south, while the north
is dominated by lakes. Mountain lovers can make
use of the well-developed infrastructure of
hostels and shelters, such as those found in the
Tatras. The countless lakes of Warmia and
Mazuria, collectively known as the Land of a
Thousand Lakes, are a haven for water-sports
enthusiasts.
A) Since 1989, many new luxury hotels have been
built in Poland and the majority of them belong to
international hotel chains
A) The dodsoniana, one of these newly identified

species, was found just 4 years ago
B) Polands borders have changed continually with

the course of history
B) Five new species have been discovered in

recent years in other parts of the country
C) Bordering the Baltic Sea, Poland is one of the

largest countries in Central Europe, with a
population of around 39 million
C) Selva Negra is situated in a cloud forest an

ecosystem ideal for orchids and other air plants
D) If an orchids growing conditions are gradually
modified to acclimatize it to a new location, the
plant can make a healthy transition
D) Warsaw, the capital of Poland, is located at the

centre of Poland, on the banks of the Vistula
River
E) In fact, the Stanhopea flower looks like a

hovering butterfly, and some are very aromatic,
with a fragrance of vanilla or hot chocolate
E) Although situated on the plains of Central

Europe, Poland has an extremely varied
landscape
50. Ballet is theatrical representation in dance form

in which music also plays a major part in telling a
story or conveying a mood. Some such form of
entertainment existed in ancient Greece. ----.
From there, it was taken by Caterina de Medici in
the 16th century to France in the form of a
spectacle combining singing, dancing, and
speech. During the 18th century, there were major
developments in technique, and ballet gradually
became divorced from opera, emerging as an art
form in its own right.
48. The Scandinavian countries Denmark, Norway,

Sweden, and Finland are, arguably, among the
least-populated countries in Europe. ----. Away
from the main towns and cities lie vast expanses
of unspoiled, often wild terrain, from the
breathtaking Norwegian fjords to the dense pine
forests and clear lakes of Finland. Smaller and
largely flat and rural, Denmark shares
characteristics with both mainland Europe and
Scandinavia proper.
A) In Norway, Sweden, and Finland, the majority of
the population lives in the south, in affluent,
modern cities, which are also rich in history and
tradition
A) Ballet developed in the UK through the influence

of Marie Rambert
B) But Western ballet as we know it today first
appeared in Renaissance Italy, where it was a
form of court entertainment
B) Sweden is Europes fifth-largest country, with an

area about the size of California
C) Ballet developed further in the USA through the

work of George Balanchine and the American
Ballet Theater
C) Finlands main cities are all served by an efficient

railroad system and regular, inexpensive internal
flights
D) In fact, it was drama, rather than ballet, which

greatly appealed to the Greeks
D) Norway is so long and narrow that, if Oslo

remained fixed and the rest were turned upside
down, it would stretch all the way to Rome
E) In the 20th century, Russian ballet had a vital

influence on the classical tradition in the West
E) Oslo, Norways capital, is an attractive city of

grand Neoclassical buildings, wide boulevards,
and green open spaces
A
51. In finance, interest, which is a sum of money paid
by a borrower to a lender in return for the loan, is
usually expressed as a percentage per annum.
----. In compound interest, the interest earned
over a period of time is added to the principal, so
that at the end of the next period, interest is paid
on that total.
A) Nevertheless, certain problems remain in
perennial interest, and these fall into two main
groups
53. One of your colleagues has to interview

candidates for a position in the company she
works for. There are a lot of applicants and she is
not used to conducting interviews and comes to
you for advice on how to gain full insight into
each candidates character. You say:
A) Be a careful listener, and avoid asserting your
own opinions and comments.
B) Ask open-ended questions that will reflect the
candidates personality more than a simple yes
or no response would.
B) The theory of capital was not a matter of primary

concern to economists in the late 20th century
C) Once the interview has ended, review what has

been said by each candidate.
C) Simple interest is calculated as a straight

percentage of the amount loaned or invested,
called the principal
D) If you are tape-recording the interview, first ask

the candidates permission and start the
proceeding.
D) However, it may be expressed either in money

terms or as a rate of payment
E) Maintain a friendly facial expression, adopt

positive body language, and be polite.
E) Various theories have been developed to

account for and justify interest

52. Your roommate has been seriously ill. The doctor
says she needs to rest in bed for quite some time.
Since shes normally very active, shes going to
find this very difficult. You know that the doctor
is right, and are determined to help your friend
carry out his advice. You say:
A) The instructions of the doctor are final you know.
Youll just have to make the best of it. Ill get you
some books.
B) You have been seriously ill, so you cant expect
to get back to normal quickly.
54. You are being interviewed for a highly

confidential job. You are told that, should you be
employed, you must on no account discuss the
nature of the work even with your closest friends.
You want to assure the person who is
interviewing you that this would present no
difficulty. You say:
A) People who talk non-stop about their working
lives are extremely boring.
B) Actually, I am not interested in other peoples
working lives.
C) Hes rather an old-fashioned doctor! You dont

have to spend the whole of each day in bed!
C) I am used to keeping my work and my private life

quite separate, so there would be no problem
here for me.
D) How did you get so ill? Youre always so careful

about what you eat! I cant understand it.
D) Thats a pity. A little bit of gossip is always nice!

People expect to hear about what youre doing.
E) After a couple of days in bed youll be as fit as

ever.
E) Ill do my best to keep quiet, but I cant promise

to do so.
10
A
55. You are a well-known dramatic critic, and various
newspapers have asked you to write about a new
play by a young dramatist. The general opinion is
that the play is magnificent and that the young
dramatist is an extremely promising writer. You
feel that, though you liked the play itself, it is too
early to reach a final judgement about the writers
creativity. You say:
57. Your daughter is upset because there is a lot of

unpleasantness going on in her class. She says
that one girl in particular has been telling lies and
trying to manipulate the other girls in the class.
You know that this girls parents were recently
divorced, and you think that this may be the
reason for the girls behaviour. You want your
daughter to understand this, so you say:
A) Have you thought about the possibility that this
girl is acting this way because she feels insecure
after her parents divorce?
A) The dialogue is colourful, spirited and credible;

but the plot is weak and improbable.
B) The play itself is rather disappointing, but the
quality of acting in this production is extremely
high.
B) How would you feel if your father and I were

divorced? Do you think it would change your
behaviour at school?
C) This play is better than any of his earlier plays,

but thats not saying much!
D) It is clearly a good play. However, it would surely
be better to wait a while before attempting any
serious criticism of the writer himself.
C) I think you should try to stay away from her for a

while until her behaviour improves.
D) Why isnt your teacher involved in trying to sort
all of this out?
E) What if I call her mother and talk to her? Would
that help?
E) As far as I am concerned, this play deals very

successfully with the issues of creativity and
loneliness.
56. Your friend, who was recently widowed, tells you

that he has made plans to get married. You think
it is still far too early for your friend to be thinking
about re-marriage as he hasnt yet had time to
recover from the loss of his wife. You want to tell
him this in a gentle manner so as not to make him
angry or hurt his feelings. You say:
A) Im glad youre moving on with your life. It was
time you stopped grieving, anyway.
B) What a big decision! But I think youre doing the
right thing.
C) Youre making the wrong decision. You should
definitely wait at least another year.
D) Surely, loneliness is a terrible thing. It is time you
made up your mind.
E) Are you sure youre ready to take such a big
step? Why not wait a while?
11
A
61. (I) Carl Sandburg (1878-1967), born in Galesburg,
Illinois, is best known for his poetry. (II) He was,
however, also a journalist, an author of childrens
books, and a historian. (III) Sandburgs poetry
celebrates the lives of ordinary people. (IV) In The
People, Yes, he uses the words, style, and rhythms
of common speech to celebrate the tall tales of the
American people. (V) Indeed, most American poets in
the 19th century were concerned with nature and
country life.
cmleyi bulunuz.
58. (I) The label homo sapiens was first attached to man
by Linnaeus in his classification of the animal
kingdom over two hundred years ago. (II) That
kingdom is now thought to include over threequarters of a million species. (III) Still, the physiology
of the human body parallels, in a host of different
ways, that of the animals. (IV) Though very many
more species may be discovered, it is not likely that
anything will ever shake our conviction that we
belong to a very special class. (V) This conviction is
quite as strong today as it was in the eighteenth
century.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
60. (I) In a rare instance of a vertebrates behaviour

being revealed by its fossil, a new species of
dinosaur was found with its head tucked under a
forelimb. (II) It represents the earliest known example
of a dinosaur displaying the sleeping posture
exhibited by modern-day birds. (III) As a result,
though it is not known how the dinosaur died, it
probably was killed instantly by a thick deposit of
volcanic ash or by volcanic gas followed by a
covering of ash and mud. (IV) The tuck-in pose
would have preserved body heat, suggesting that,
like birds, at least some dinosaurs were warmblooded. (V) Delighted palaeontologists named this
pigeon-sized dinosaur Mei long, meaning soundly
sleeping dragon.
B) II
C) III
D) IV
D) IV
E) V
62. (I) Izmir owes its famously special atmosphere to its

turbulent history. (II) What you see today has mostly
risen from the ashes of Ottoman Izmir and dates from
1922, when a terrible fire swept across the city.
(III) Before that, Izmir was known as Smyrna and
was the most Westernized and cosmopolitan of
Turkish cities. (IV) Nevertheless, famous citizens of
ancient Smyrna include the poet Homer, the founder
of Western literature, who lived before 700 B.C.
(V) It was a city where the Muslims, Christians and
Jewish communities lived in harmony and got on well
with each other.
A) I
A) I
C) III
E) V
59. (I) An incoming hurricane might at first seem a

powerful photographic subject. (II) But how is a
photojournalist to make a decent still image when
people are hiding, and when there is only howling
wind and spraying water? (III) Thats why hurricane
photography generally documents the aftermath,
says an illustrations editor. (IV) But this image was
different enough to catch ones eye. (V) Uprooted
trees and building rubble are mainstays of the genre.
A) I
B) II
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
63. (I) We may not know very much about butterflies, but
they are certainly very beautiful. (II) For the first time,
British scientists have tracked the movements of
butterflies. (III) Two types of flight were found in the
30 butterflies monitored. (IV) One was the straight
and fast flight used for travel. (V) The other was a
slow and looping route to aid foraging.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
E) V
12
A
66. Students will usually concentrate harder in the
lesson if they know they will be organized into
small groups for interactive discussion.

64. Though management may not realize it, a very
large proportion of the success of this company
is due to the loyalty and hard work of its workers.
A) Once students get used to being split up for

interactive discussion, their ability to concentrate
generally improves.
B) On the whole, when students know they are
going to be split up into small groups for
interactive discussion, they will concentrate
better.
A) Whether or not management is aware of it, this

company owes its success, to a very large
extent, to the industry and loyalty of its staff.
B) Whatever management may say, the success of
this company depends more than anything else
on the dedication of those who work here.
C) One way to improve concentration is to split

students up into small groups for interactive
discussion.
C) Management should be made to recognize that

the role of the staff is of first importance in the
companys success.
D) Interactive discussion is a sure way of

encouraging students to increase their powers of
concentration.
D) As management realizes full well, it is the

workers in the factory who make it so successful.
E) The workers in this company, with their hard
work and devotion, contribute more to the
success of the company than management
does.
E) The best way to stimulate concentration is to

organize these students into small groups for
interactive discussion.
65. Many people prefer to eat organic food, that is,

food unpolluted by chemical fertilizers and
pesticides.
A) A growing number of people are interested in
organic food, since it is produced free of
chemicals and pesticides.
B) Organic food is thought to be healthier as no
chemical fertilizers or pesticides are used in its
production.
C) Obviously, organic food is preferable since it is
free of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
D) The preference for organic food has led to a
reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides.
E) Organic food, food produced without the aid of
chemical fertilizers or pesticides, has many
adherents.
13
A
th
69. The pictures of the 18 -century painter, Hogarth,

seem modern because of their wit and satire.
67. Get your brother to fix the roof; hes quite the
best person to do it.
A) Try to persuade your brother to fix the roof: hes
good at such things.
A) Hogarth gives an authentic picture of 18thcentury life which appeals to modern times.
B) As hes good at things like that, why dont you

get your brother to fix the roof?
B) It is the detail and worldliness of the drawings of

Hogarth that give them a modern touch, though
they date from the 18th century.
C) Your brother would mend the roof better than

any one else; tell him to do it.
C) Though the scenes and the costumes in the

drawings are very 18th century, there is still
something modern about Hogarths drawing.
D) Why dont you get your brother to fix the roof?

Im sure he would.
D) The appeal of Hogarth lies in the dramatic

depiction of everyday life in the 18th century.
E) Since your brother is good at roof-fixing, ask him

to do it.
E) There is a contemporary feel for the pictures of

18th-century painter, Hogarth, owing to their
humour and satirical content.
68. Take-off was delayed again and again, so we

began to wonder if there was something
seriously wrong with the aircraft.
A) Unless the problem were serious, they wouldnt
have delayed the flight for so long.
B) If there had been no problem with the aircraft,
they wouldnt have delayed take-off like that.
C) The flight was postponed indefinitely, so we
presumed there was engine-trouble.
D) We began to feel that there might be a real
problem with the aircraft as take-off was
continually being delayed.
E) We assumed that, since there was a problem
with the aircraft, they were obliged to delay takeoff indefinitely.
14
A
71. Chris :
- Did you know that several years ago Luciano
Pavarotti released his first solo album of Italian
pop songs?

Robert :
- No, I didnt. I wonder what other tenors thought
of this.
70. Ralph :
- Ive learned that there are many details to learn
about the maintenance of home aquariums.
Dick :
- ----
Chris :
- ----
Ralph :
- At first glance, its true. But do you know that
even the decorative materials used in
aquariums should be placed properly?
Otherwise, for example, they may obstruct the
filter pipes.
Robert :
- In which case, I suppose opera fans are also
accepting the situation.
Dick :
- Really? I hadnt thought of that before.
B) It was at least 20 years ago that his record

company asked him to make this album.
A) Yes. For example, fish dont disrupt the

cleanliness of the home with messy fur or
feathers.
C) As far as I know, it was the song Caruso that

made him do it.
A) Well, at first they were not in favour of it, but now

they are doing the same thing themselves!
D) He asked three well-known singers to join him,

but for some reason they said no.
B) Right; routine maintenance only requires a few

minutes of your attention daily, supplemented by
an hour or so once a week.
E) I dont know. Presumably, they were annoyed.
C) Oh, are there? Ive always thought that looking

after an aquarium is very easy.
D) Anyone knows that keeping an aquarium is
expensive.
E) In fact, I am as interested as you are in
aquariums.
15
A
72. Lee :
- Do you know about the Iron Age hair gel found
on the head of a 2,300-year-old body discovered
in Ireland?
Ron :
- Yes. I read that the body was found with its hair
gelled unusually high above the head. Also,
chemical analysis by scientists shows that the
hair gel was made of a vegetable oil mixed with
a resin probably imported from France or Spain.
Lee :
- ----
73. James :
- Hows your philosophy course going?
Peter :
- Its hard to say. It certainly requires a lot of
effort.
James :
- ---Peter :
- No. Quite the opposite. In the main, it consists
of learning to look at the old and familiar facts
in a new and fresh way.
Ron :
- Well, the body has been preserved incredibly
well in a peat bog because the bacteria that
decompose flesh cant survive in that oxygenfree environment. Even fingerprints can be
seen.
A) Which of the great philosophers are you going to

study?
A) I can say that its a bit like a Mohican style. Do

you know what it is made of?
D) I might take the course next year.
B) But are you enjoying it?

C) Well, I hope youre finding it interesting!
E) Why? Are there a lot of facts to learn?
B) It seems our ancestors were not so primitive that

they didnt like to take care of themselves.
C) I think this indicates he was a wealthy member of
Irish society; do you agree?
D) Oh, thats interesting. But how do they know so
much about the gel and the body?
E) These findings must be important. But what can
we learn from them?
16
A
75. Sue :
- Did you know that there are three types of zip
and that each is used in a different way?
74. Mary :
- What I look for in an airline company is a
punctual take-off and a punctual landing.
June :
- ----
Jane :
- ----
Mary :
- And why not?
Sue :
- For instance, chain zips, largely suitable for
luggage, have metal teeth and are, therefore,
very strong.
June :
- Think about it! Something as common as bad
weather can lead to delays. Would you care to
take off in a hurricane?
Jane :
- I see. I didnt know that.
A) As far as I know, there are chain zips, coil zips
and concealed zips. Right?
A) What I look for is flight safety.

B) But face it; thats not always possible.
B) What about coil zips? Ive read something about

them; they are lighter and synthetic.
C) For long flights they now provide beds in

business class.
D) However hard they try to please the passengers,
I get bored!
E) You are hard to please, arent you?
C) Really? Can you give me an example and say

where it can be used?
D) Well, some are ideal for fine fabrics and others
are for stronger ones.
E) Does that mean that some of them break easily?
17
A
77. As we understand from the passage, an
underlying belief behind the Tibetan prayer-wheel
is that ----.

cevaplaynz.
In many primitive communities there is a taboo on
mentioning a mans name except in certain special
circumstances, because his name is believed to
contain within it something of himself, which would be
lost and wasted if his name were uttered without first
taking special precautions. This belief about words is
widespread. Among the more primitive and the
uneducated, it is universal. A remarkably matter-offact practical application of it occurs even in the
present day in the Tibetan prayer-wheel. If, thinks the
Tibetan peasant, a prayer uttered once does some
good, then the same prayer uttered many times will
do more good. Therefore, since he assumes that the
efficacy lies in the prayer as an entity in itself, he
writes it round the rim of a wheel, and then frugally
employs the water of a mountain stream to turn it all
day long, instead of wastefully employing his own
lungs and lips to say it again and again.
A) for a prayer to be answered, it must be repeated

many times
B) man can achieve nothing without the help of
stronger powers
C) man is powerless against the forces of evil
D) human effort can achieve almost anything
E) the forces of nature must never be opposed
78. The author uses the example of the Tibetan

prayer-wheel to ----.
76. In this passage, the author points out that ----.

A) most societies in the world today are still very
primitive
A) show that all religions are fundamentally alike
B) in primitive societies, words are often felt to

embody the idea they express
B) demonstrate how unrealistic primitive peoples

are
C) the unsophisticated are no less intelligent than

the sophisticated
C) illustrate just how powerful words are felt to be in

primitive societies
D) Tibetan peasants should not be regarded as

primitive
D) show how inventive primitive peoples are

E) show how unique the natives of Tibet are
E) the Tibetan peasant does not really believe that

the prayer-wheel can do any good
18
A
80. We can conclude from the passage that the
Tibetan peasant ----.
79. It is clear from the passage that, among primitive

societies, it is generally believed that a mans
name ----.
A) is not tolerant of the religious beliefs of others
A) should be constantly repeated

B) has a wholesome effect upon his life
B) bears no resemblance to other primitive

peasants
C) will bring calamity to those who use it
C) never calls any member of his family by name
D) should only be spoken under appropriate

circumstances
D) is not deeply religious and does not treat his

religion seriously
E) is of little importance as it is so rarely used
E) though primitive has a very practical attitude

towards life
19
A
82. It is clear from the passage that, once Edison had
invented the electric lamp, ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) he lost interest in carrying out experiments

Thomas Edison began conducting experiments
during his childhood. To start with, there were
hundreds of unsuccessful experiments but Edison
eventually invented and patented 2,500 items,
including the electric lamp and phonograph. He was
determined to give laughter and light to people, but,
until he actually managed to do so, most people
ridiculed him. Without losing hope, Edison attempted
over 1,000 unsuccessful experiments in his efforts to
make an electric lamp. When people told him he was
wasting his time, energy, and money for nothing,
Edison exclaimed, For nothing! Every time I make an
experiment, I get new results. Failures are stepping
stones to success. Determined to give people
electric lamps, Edison said hed meet his goal by
early 1880. In October, 1879, he created his first
electric lamp, and in so doing, received much praise.
People realized that Edisons invention was not
affected by rain or wind, remaining constant through
bad weather. Just as he had hoped, Edison provided
people with light and laughter.
B) he admitted that at one point he had very nearly

given up the project
C) he wasnt at all interested in what people felt
about it
D) people were particularly impressed by the fact
that wind and rain had no damaging effect on it
E) he felt discouraged because he had failed to
meet the goal he had set himself for the
completion of his invention
83. As we understand from the passage, with the

phrase, Failures are stepping stones to
success, Edison meant that ----.
81. As we understand from the passage, Edison

conducted many unsuccessful experimental
trials, ----.
A) one should forget ones failures as soon as

possible
A) most of which were very expensive and got him

into financial difficulties
B) one cannot be successful every time
B) but the list of his patental inventions is a long

one
C) success and failure are both a matter of chance
C) most of which were related to the phonograph
D) there are two kinds of failure: those that lead to

success and those that dont
D) but the people who knew him encouraged him to

keep on trying
E) the knowledge and experience that one gains

from failure contributes to success
E) and on many occasions he felt his experiments

were pointless
20
A
85. It is clear from the passage that, when Edison
was working on the electric lamp, ----.
84. According to the passage, when Edison was

working on an invention, he ----.
A) he worked slowly because he was disheartened
A) was keen to pass on to others the knowledge he

was accumulating
B) he knew for certain that he would attain success

very quickly
B) was very secretive about what he was doing
C) no one felt that an electric lamp was in any way

desirable
C) was not discouraged by the possibility of failure

D) avoided friends and detractors alike
D) he was hindered by rain and bad weather in

general
E) felt embarrassed by periods of no progress
E) people didnt believe that it was possible at all
21
A
87. According to the writer, the present-day
unsatisfactory and ineffectual state of education
----.

cevaplaynz.
Questions of education are frequently discussed as if
they bore no relation to the social system in which
and for which the education is carried on. This is one
of the most common reasons for the
unsatisfactoriness of the answers. It is only within a
particular social system that a system of education
has any meaning. If education today seems to
deteriorate, if it seems to become more and more
chaotic and meaningless, it is primarily because we
have no settled and satisfactory arrangement of
society, and because we have both vague and
diverse opinions about the kind of society we want.
Education is a subject which cannot be discussed in
a void: our questions raise other questions, social,
economic, financial, and political. And the bearings
are on more ultimate problems even than these: to
know what we want in education, we must know what
we want in general, we must derive our theory of
education from our philosophy of life.
86. The main point made in the passage is that

education, ----.
A) can be regarded as a passing phase, and no

action need be taken
B) is a result of the disordered state of society and
the fact that society does not know what it wants
C) offers no real cause for concern
D) has provoked a great deal of useful discussion
about how it relates to the social system
E) is receiving a great deal of much-needed
attention
88. The point is made in the passage that each and

every system of education ----.
A) should be isolated from financial issues
A) needs to be tailor-made to fit the specific social

system for which it is designed
B) is becoming more and more meaningless
B) will inevitably have shortcomings or faults
C) will improve when the political and economic

situation improves
C) should be constantly updated
D) must be related to the social and political

background in which it occurs
D) should be designed on the basis of educational

theory, not on the opinions of society at large
E) will naturally evolve in accordance with the

process of history
E) has a great deal in common with every other

system of education
22
A
90. The attitude of the author towards education is
----.
89. In this passage, the author aims to make us think

about not only what we want from education, but
also about ----.
A) negative and disinterested
A) how harmful is the effect it is having on society
B) angry and pessimistic
B) how far we are prepared to support it
C) critical and constructive
C) to what extent we have ourselves benefited from

it
D) encouraging and hopeful
D) whether it really is deteriorating at a great speed
E) scornful and destructive
E) what we want from life
23
A
92. The writer prefers to define journalism ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) through a close study of violently contrasting

examples
The distinction between journalism and literature

is quite futile, unless we are drawing such a violent
contrast as that between Gibbons History and
todays paper; and such a contrast itself is too violent
to have meaning. You cannot, that is, draw any
useful distinction between journalism and literature
merely on a scale of literary values, as a difference
between the well-written and the supremely wellwritten: a second-rate novel is not journalism, but it
certainly is not literature. The term journalism has
deteriorated, so let us try to recall it to its more
permanent sense. To my thinking, the most accurate
as well as most comprehensive definition of the term
is to be obtained through considering the type of
mind, concerned with writing what all would concede
to be the best journalism. Theres a type of mind, and
I have a very close sympathy with it, which can only
turn to writing, or only produce its best writing, under
the pressure of an immediate occasion; and it is this
type of mind which I propose to treat as the
journalists. The underlying causes may differ: the
cause may be an ardent preoccupation with affairs of
the day, or it may be (as with myself) laziness
requiring an immediate stimulus, or a habit formed by
early necessity of earning small sums quickly. It is not
so much that the journalist works on different material
from that of other writers, as that he works from a
different, no less and often more honourable, motive.
91. In this passage, the writer asserts that ----.
B) while disregarding literary qualities

C) by looking at the type of mind that produces
good journalism
D) after first drawing up a scale of literary values
E) in a way that will help journalism to recover the
respect it formerly enjoyed
93. It is clear from the passage that the writer ----.
A) literature is far more valuable than journalism
A) regards journalism as second-rate literature
B) the difference between literature and journalism

bears little relation to literary qualities
B) is very critical of the motives of the journalist
C) he has all the qualities of a journalist
C) thinks one can best come to an understanding of

journalism by contrasting it with literature
D) the best stimulus for a journalist is the need for

money
D) is far more interested in literature than in

journalism
E) one must be ardently concerned with the events

of each day if one wants to be a journalist
E) feels great respect for good journalism
24
A
95. According to the passage, what characterizes the
work of the journalist is ----.
94. The point is made in the passage that the

journalist does his best writing when ----.
A) not the thing he writes about but why he writes

about it
A) events in his own life have stimulated him

B) there is no pressure upon him
B) the non-literary style of the writing
C) he is closely involved in the affairs of the time
C) the every-day nature of the material he chooses
D) under an obligation to do so
D) the desire to stimulate people to action
E) he can choose his own material
E) his obsession for accuracy
25
A
97. With the sentence, Honest debate can start at
Number Two, the writer is really saying ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) one cannot expect popular opinion to judge fairly

Leonardo da Vinci is a member of a very small class
of transformative geniuses, not ordinary or common
geniuses, who have contributed abundantly to their
fields, but rather the ones who have created or
defined entire fields. In literature, no one asks, Who
was the greatest writer? Honest debate can start at
Number Two. Shakespeare, the consensus choice as
greatest writer, is a member of this class of
transformative geniuses. Similarly, Isaac Newton is
recognized as the greatest among scientists and
mathematicians; Ludwig van Beethoven, and
possibly Bach and Mozart, are the transformative
geniuses among composers. The most recent
transformative genius the world has seen may have
been Albert Einstein, a scientist like Newton and
Time Magazines Man of the Century for the 20th
century. In ranking artists, one can start the debate at
Number Three a rank for which Raphael and
Rembrandt are candidates, or perhaps one of the
great French Impressionists, or the 20th centurys
most famous artist, Picasso. The ranks of Number
One and Number Two, however, are reserved for
Leonardo and Michelangelo, taken in either order.
These two are far above all other artists.
Michelangelo lived a very long lifetime of eighty-nine
years, and was productive to the end. Leonardo, on
the other hand, lived sixty-seven years, and left
behind just a dozen paintings. And only a half of
these are incontrovertibly one hundred per cent by
him. In contrast, Rembrandt painted hundreds of
paintings, 57 of himself alone; van Gogh created nine
hundred paintings in a period of nine years. So how
can we put Leonardo at the very pinnacle? The
answer is really quite simple: his dozen or so
paintings include the Number One and the Number
Two most famous paintings in the history of art The
Last Supper and Mona Lisa.
B) people dont always give their honest opinions

C) Shakespeare doesnt deserve his position at the
head of the list
D) the relative merits of writers are very
controversial
E) there can be no doubt about Number 1; thats
definitely Shakespeares place
98. According to the passage, when it comes to

ranking artists, ----.
96. The passage is about transformative geniuses

----.
A) as they have affected the world of literature and
science
A) van Gogh comes very high on the list as a result

of the great number of his paintings
B) but the author feels that the way the public

opinion ranks them is faulty
B) at least six artists have a claim to top place

C) it is either Leonardo or Michelangelo who is
Number One
C) and the massive changes they have brought to

the world
D) the third place definitely goes to Raphael
D) and instances of them are given in several fields
E) 20th-century ones come low on the list
E) and the times in which they lived and produced
26
A
99. We learn from the passage that, although
Leonardo left the world only a dozen or so
paintings, ----.
100. It is clear from the passage that Michelangelo ----.

A) richly deserves his Number One position as the
best of the artists
A) these include the worlds two best-known

paintings
B) was a far more productive artist than Leonardo
B) they are all of remarkably high quality
C) had a profound influence upon the next

generation of painters
C) he actually painted a great many more
D) was jealous of the fame of Leonardo and strove

to excel him
D) he knew they would keep his name alive to the

end of civilization
E) has only been recognized as a great artist in

recent times
E) they rightly earned him the undisputed position

of the worlds Number One artist
TEST BTT.
27

4 MAYIS 2008
NGLZCE
A KTAPII
1. E
26. B
51. C
76. B
2. B
27. C
52. A
77. A
3. D
28. D
53. B
78. C
4. E
29. E
54. C
79. D
5. A
30. B
55. D
80. E
6. C
31. D
56. E
81. B
7. D
32. A
57. A
82. D
8. E
33. E
58. C
83. E
9. A
34. B
59. D
84. C
10. B
35. E
60. C
85. E
11. E
36. A
61. E
86. D
12. C
37. D
62. D
87. B
13. E
38. C
63. A
88. A
14. A
39. E
64. A
89. E
15. B
40. D
65. E
90. C
16. D
41. A
66. B
91. B
17. E
42. D
67. C
92. C
18. B
43. E
68. D
93. E
19. D
44. A
69. E
94. D
20. A
45. B
70. C
95. A
21. C
46. D
71. A
96. D
22. B
47. E
72. D
97. E
23. A
48. A
73. E
98. C
24. B
49. C
74. B
99. A
25. E
50. B
75. C
100. B
2008
November
A
KPDS NG / KASIM 2008
5. Dublin is a fairly easy city to ---- because of its
frequent and efficient bus and underground
services.
A) get around
1. Good leadership is about tackling big challenges,
and the first and most important step in this
process is recognizing which ---- should take
precedence over the others.
A) obsessions
B) debates
C) emissions
D) candidates
B) make over
D) get on
C) set up
E) go with
6. The price of crude oil ---- by 40% this year due to

the continuing risk of disruption in the Middle
East, which ---- for one-third of global production.
E) issues
A) surges / accounted
B) had surged / has accounted
C) has surged / accounts
2. By the 14th century, the Holy Roman Empire was

little more than a ---- federation of the German
princes who elected the Holy Roman emperor.
A) negotiable
B) current
C) prescriptive
D) loose
D) surged / had accounted

E) will surge / could have accounted
E) recurrent
7. At the end of 1998, Estonia ---- the strict

citizenship requirements that ---- the countrys
Russian minority from gaining citizenship.
A) relaxes / kept
3. Roman numerals are expressed by letters of the

alphabet and are ---- used today except for
formality or variety.
A) courteously
B) arguably
C) consecutively
D) equivalently
B) had relaxed / have kept

C) has relaxed / were keeping
D) relaxed / had kept
E) will relax / are keeping
E) rarely
8. An ideal anticancer drug ---- cancer cells without

harming normal cells, but no such drug ----.
4. The Gulf, the Indian Ocean and the South China
Sea are increasingly seen as potential trouble
zones that could ---- energy supplies from the
Middle East to Asia.
A) increase
B) disrupt
D) involve
A) would destroy / exists

B) destroyed / existed
C) may have destroyed / has existed
C) consume
D) has destroyed / had existed
E) expand
E) had destroyed / would exist
A
13. Algeria is particularly keen to increase its gas
exports ---- OPEC production quotas restrict its
oil exports.
9. Despite the official ban ---- demonstrations, 2008

has seen Egyptians take to the streets ---massive numbers on several occasions.
A) about / by
B) for / with
C) over / at
D) of / through
A) since
B) so that
D) that
C) as if
E) whereas
E) on / in
10. According to the generally accepted platetectonics theory, scientists believe that Earths
surface is broken ---- a number of shifting plates,
which average ---- 50 miles in thickness.
A) up / above
B) at / for
C) down / beyond
D) into / about
14. In the early twentieth century, the motor car was

one of the first major consumer products to be
---- mass produced ---- mass marketed.
E) of / below
A) such / as
B) more / than
D) as / as
C) so / as
E) both / and
11. The island groups in the Pacific are often called

Oceania, ---- this name does not imply that they
are the remains of a continent.
A) whether
B) but
D) whereby
C) just as
E) so that
15. The bodys immune system attacks and

eliminates ---- bacteria and other foreign
substances ---- cancer cells.
12. ---- most people who commit suicide are

depressed, having depression correctly
diagnosed and treated is the most important step
towards preventing suicide.
A) As long as
B) Although
D) Even if
A) not only / but also
B) rather / than
C) such / that
D) as well as / and
E) just as / as
C) Because
E) Unless
A
ifadeyi bulunuz.
ifadeyi bulunuz.
Nearly fifteen years after South Africas democratic

overthrow of apartheid, the country is facing growing
(16) ---- over the rise of economic apartheid and the
way it (17) ---- millions of South Africans in the same,
if not a worsening economic position than they
endured prior to 1994. (18) ---- South African
government statistics, the average black household
has become 15% poorer over the last fourteen years,
while an average white household has seen its
wealth grow (19) ---- some 19%. There has been a
20% decrease in the income of the poorest 50% of
South Africans, and black South Africans have lost
(20) ---- two million jobs over the same period.
The gondola has been a part of Venice since the 11th

century. (21) ---- its slim shape and flat underside, the
boat is perfectly adapted to manoeuvring in Venices
narrow, shallow canals. The front of the boat has a
(22) ---- leftward curve to prevent it from going
around in circles, as the gondolier, or operator of the
boat, uses the oar only on the right side. In 1562, it
(23) ---- that all gondolas should be black to stop
people from making an (24) ---- show of their wealth.
Today, gondola rides are expensive, and are (25) ---taken only by tourists.
21.
A) About
16.
A) interest
B) demand
C) encouragement
D) criticism
B) With
D) From
C) Through
E) Along
22.
E) threat
A) slight
B) habitual
D) cheerful
17.
A) is leaving
B) had left
C) would have left
D) left
C) relevant
E) favourable
23.
A) has been decided
E) was leaving
B) decided
18.
A) Because of
B) According to
C) was decided
C) Instead of
D) In addition to
D) would have decided

E) had decided
E) Contrary to
24.
19.
A) through
B) for
D) with
C) in
E) by
A) ostentatious
B) affluent
C) adjacent
D) omnipresent
E) inescapable
20.
A) yet
B) mostly
D) nearly
25.
C) hardly
A) possibly
E) also
B) obviously
D) usually
C) seldom
E) definitely
A
28. During the Cold War, even as they prepared to
destroy one another, ----.

A) the West has always sought opportunities to

make peace with the Soviet Union
26. If Iran were to go nuclear, ----.
B) the United States and the Soviet Union had been

involved in a constructive dialogue
A) Russia and China did their best to stop it

B) the United States may have taken preventive
action
C) Britain has imported enormous quantities of

timber from the Soviet Union
C) other countries in the region would follow suit
D) the West and the Soviet Union struck deals and

traded in energy
D) the UN Security Council sanctions need to be

enacted without delay
E) the Soviet Union contributes a great deal to

Chinas economic development
E) it can fire hundreds of missiles at Israel
29. ---- because they were continually forced to

defend their own conquests against other
invaders.
27. ---- after strong winds and a heatwave started

dozens of forest fires.
A) Many villages in the area will be evacuated
B) No precautions had been taken
A) The Romans did not usually impose heavy tax

burdens on the cities they conquered
C) The government would have set up a special

team of fire fighters
B) The geography of the Italian peninsula had a

decisive influence on Romes development
D) Many fire fighting teams will have been called in
C) The Romans were descended from various IndoEuropean peoples that had crossed the Alps into
Italy during the second millennium B.C.
E) Last summer, Athens was engulfed in thick

smoke
D) The Romans were a sternly military society

almost from the moment they settled on Italian
soil
E) The Romans looked to their gods to bestow
upon their households and their city the
blessings of prosperity, victory, and fertility
A
32. ----, it does not necessarily produce peace,
equality, or homogeneity.
30. ---- that they influenced cultures across the

Mediterranean.
A) Phoenician textiles commanded a high price
everywhere their merchants went
A) If a key feature of globalization has been the

transformation of the world economy
B) The Phoenicians may have played an important

role in introducing urban life into the Greek world
B) Just as globalization has radically altered

patterns of trade around the world
C) Phoenician cities oriented themselves towards

the sea
C) Whenever globalization has forced the

reorganization of economic enterprises
D) The Phoenicians became famous as merchants

and seafarers
D) Since globalization suggests a uniform process,

one that operates similarly everywhere
E) The widespread colonial and mercantile efforts

of the Phoenicians meant
E) Although globalization means worldwide

economic integration
33. Everyone knows ----.
31. Economic as well as social problems plagued

Europe during the 1970s and 1980s ----.
A) that the politics of oil is crucial to life in the

Middle East
A) but these problems had actually begun much

earlier
B) because new industries continued to prosper
B) whether to the Arabs oil means the vast

petroleum reserves lying under the desert sands
C) in case the West German growth rate would slow

down
C) if in the Middle East oil is a precious source of

wealth and all too often a cause for war
D) whereas seven hundred thousand French

workers had been laid off
D) since non-OPEC oil producers currently account

for 58% of total production
E) unless demand for manufactured goods fell

sharply
E) as Iraqi crude oil exports in 2007 were more than

5% lower than in 2006
A
34. According to a report released by the US Secret
Service, the Middle East is one of the worlds
hotspots ----.

A) as there are other conspiracy theories emanating

from the region
36. In 1979, when its alliance with Great Britain

ended, Malta sought to guarantee its neutrality
through agreements with other countries.
B) whether Iran and Syria are actively engaged in

economic warfare against the US
A) Malta, ngiltere ile ittifaknn sona erdii 1979da,

baka lkelerle antlamalar yaparak tarafszln
gvence altna almaya almtr.
C) when it comes to counterfeit US currency

D) while the Iranian government dismisses charges
of collaboration with counterfeiters
B) Malta, 1979da ngiltere ile ittifakna son vererek,

tarafszln gvence altna almak iin birok lke ile antlamalar yapmtr.
E) although there is a conspiracy to undermine the

US economy through counterfeit currency
C) Tarafszln gvence altna almak amacyla eitli lkelerle antlamalar yapan Malta, ngiltere
ile olan ittifakna 1979da son verdi.
D) ngiltere ile olan ittifak 1979da sona eren Malta,
baka lkelerle antlamalar yapm ve tarafszln gvence altna almtr.
E) eitli lkelerle antlamalar yaparak tarafszln
gvence altna alan Malta, ngiltere ile olan ittifakn 1979da bitirmitir.
35. Few figures in Western history have held the

attention of the world ----.
A) so long as Napoleon pursued serious interests in
history, law, and mathematics
B) as Napoleon did during the fifteen years of his
rule in France
C) because Napoleons character seemed suited to
the age in which he lived
D) since Napoleons particular strength as a leader
lay in his capacity for inspiring others
E) just as Napoleon believed that he was destined
to be the saviour of France
A
39. Albania remained under Turkish rule for more
than four hundred years until it proclaimed its
independence on 28 November 1912.
37. In February 1994, the US lifted its trade embargo

on Vietnam, which had been in place since it
entered the war.
A) ABD, savaa girdiinden beri Vietnam zerinde
uygulad ticaret ablukasn ancak ubat 1994
te kaldrabilmitir.
A) Arnavutluk, drt yz yl Trk ynetiminde kaldktan sonra, 28 Kasm 1912de bamszlna kavumutur.
B) ABDnin ubat 1994te Vietnam zerinden kaldrd ticaret ablukas, savaa girdii yldan beri
uygulanmaktayd.
B) Drt yz yldan daha fazla Trk ynetiminde

kalm olan Arnavutluk, bamszln 28 Kasm 1912de elde etmitir.
C) 1994 ubatnda Vietnam zerinden kaldrlan

ticaret ablukasn, ABD, savaa girdikten sonra
uygulamaya balamt.
C) Bamszlna 28 Kasm 1912de kavuan

Arnavutluk, drt yz yl akn bir sre Trk
ynetiminde kalmtr.
D) ABD, ubat 1994te, savaa girdiinden beri

Vietnam zerinde uygulam olduu ticaret
ablukasn kaldrmtr.
D) Arnavutluk, her ne kadar bamszln 28 Kasm 1912de elde etmise de, drt yz yldan fazla bir sre Trk ynetiminde kalmtr.
E) ubat 1994te Vietnam zerinden kaldrlan

ticaret ablukas, ABDnin savaa girmesinden
beri uygulanyordu.
E) Arnavutluk, 28 Kasm 1912de bamszln iln

edinceye kadar, drt yz yldan fazla Trk ynetiminde kalmtr.
38. In Egypt, a number of oil deposits have been

discovered in recent years, but it is unlikely that
oil will play a major role in the countrys economy
in the near future.
A) Son yllarda Msrda birok petrol yataklar kefedilmitir, ancak petroln, yakn gelecekte lke
ekonomisinde nemli bir rol oynamas muhtemel
deildir.
B) Msrda son yllarda birtakm petrol havzalar
bulunmu olsa da petroln, lke ekonomisinde
yakn gelecekte oynayaca rol ok nemli olmayacaktr.
C) Son yllarda Msrda, lke ekonomisinde yakn
gelecekte nemli rol oynamas muhtemel olan
pek ok petrol havzas kefedilmitir.
D) Son yllarda Msrda kefedilen petrol yataklarnn, lke ekonomisinde yakn gelecekte nemli
bir rol oynamas ihtimal dndadr.
E) Msrda, lke ekonomisinde yakn gelecekte
nemli bir rol oynamas muhtemel olmayan
petrol yataklar son yllarda ortaya karlmtr.
A
40. The lungs are particularly prone to allergic
reactions because they are exposed to large
quantities of airborne antigens, including dusts,
pollens, and chemicals.

41. Srcsz metrolar, kii bana den 25.200
dolarlk mill geliri ve tkr tkr ileyen ticaret merkezleri ile Singapur, Asyann en Batllam ehirleri arasndadr.
A) Akcierler, toz, polen ve kimyasallar dahil havadan gelen eitli antijenlere fazlasyla ak olduklar iin alerjik reaksiyonlardan ok etkilenirler.
B) Toz, polen ve kimyasallar gibi hava ile gelen pek
ok antijene ak olan akcierler, alerjik reaksiyonlara olduka yatkndrlar.
A) With its driverless subways, $25,200 per capita

income and smoothly running business centres,
Singapore is among the most westernized cities
in Asia.
C) Alerjik reaksiyonlara fazlasyla yatkn olan akcierler, hava ile tanan toz, polen ve kimyasallarn da arasnda bulunduu ok sayda antijene
aktrlar.
B) One of the most westernized cities in Asia is

Singapore, for it has driverless subways,
$25,200 per capita income and smoothly running
business centres.
D) Akcierler alerjik reaksiyonlara zellikle yatkndr, nk toz, polen ve kimyasallar dahil hava ile
tanan byk miktardaki antijenlere aktrlar.
C) It is because of the driverless subways, $25,200

per capita income and smoothly running
business centres that Singapore is one of the
most westernized cities in Asia.
E) Toz, polen ve kimyasallar gibi hava ile tanan

pek ok antijen, daima bunlara ak olan akcierlerde alerjik reaksiyonlara yol aar.
D) Singapore remains the most westernized city in

Asia with driverless subways, $25,200 per capita
income and smoothly running business centres.
E) The reason why Singapore is regarded as one of
the most westernized cities in Asia is that it has
driverless subways, $25,200 per capita income
and smoothly running business centres.
A
43. ster kendinden emin byk ocuk, ister ok ynl ortanca ocuk olun, aile iindeki konumunuz i
seiminizden evliliinizin ne kadar baarl olduuna kadar her eyi etkileyebilir.
42. evredeki deiikliklerin, beyinlerimizde zamann

znel biimde alglanmasna nasl yol at sorusu, ruhbilimcileri ve beyin aratrmaclarn dndrmeye devam etmektedir.
A) Psychologists and brain researchers have
recently started to wonder how changes in the
environment cause the brain to experience time
subjectively.
A) Everything, from your choice of career to the

success of your marriage, is determined by
whether you were born as a confident first child
or as a resourceful younger child.
B) The question of how changes in the environment

give rise to the subjective experience of time in
our brains continues to preoccupy psychologists
and brain researchers.
B) No matter what your position in the family may

be, your choice of career and the success of
your marriage depend highly on whether you
have been a confident elder child or a
resourceful middle child.
C) How changes in the environment can lead to the

subjective experience of time in our brains is a
matter of discussion among psychologists and
brain researchers.
C) Whether you are a confident first-born or a

resourceful middle child, your position in the
family can affect everything from your choice of
career to how successful your marriage is.
D) The subjective time experience of our brains

resulting from environmental changes has long
been a controversial issue among psychologists
and brain researchers.
D) It seriously matters, both as regards your career

and the success of your marriage, whether you
were born the confident elder child or the
resourceful middle child of the family.
E) The reasons behind the subjective perception of

time by the brain have not yet been explained by
psychologists or brain researchers.
E) Even if you are a confident first child rather than

a resourceful middle child, everything from your
choice of career to how successful your marriage
is will be affected by your position in the family.
A
44. Eer Rusya ve Amerikann youn nkleer silahlarn ortadan kaldrmak iin daha fazla bir ey yaplmazsa, Kuzey Kutup blgesi yeniden bir nkleer cephe haline gelebilir.
A) Unless further steps are taken to dismantle their
extensive nuclear arms, the Arctic may become
a nuclear front again for Russia and the US.
B) If nothing further is done to dismantle the
extensive Russian and US nuclear arms, the
Arctic could once again become a nuclear front.
C) In order for the Arctic to become a nuclear front
again, something must be done to reduce the
vast amount of nuclear weapons of Russia and
the US.
D) Whether or not the Arctic is to become a nuclear
front again, Russia and the US must reduce their
nuclear arms.
E) Should Russian and US plans for turning the
Arctic once more into a nuclear front be put into
effect, both countries will have to reduce the
amount of nuclear power.
46. Logistics as a business concept began to gain
ground in the 1950s, particularly in the US. This
was because, as businesses expanded and
reached out both to far-flung markets and
sources of materials, the need for expert
logisticians became imperative. Logisticians
applied their own ingenuity to create companies
that aimed to deliver the right item in the right
quantity at the right time in the right place for the
right price. ----. Indeed, with increasing
globalization and ever longer and more complex
supply chains, logistics companies have become
ever more sophisticated and adaptable.
A) The US has led the way in the development of
efficient logistical systems
B) No region in the world requires efficient logistics
more urgently than Africa does
C) Logistics is considered one of the most important
aspects of military campaigns
D) The problems of the logistics industry have not
been clearly identified yet
E) These aims have not changed, but the world has
45. Gladyatr dvleri ilk kez Romada, M.. 264

ylnda, Junius Brutusun oullar tarafndan babalarnn ansna dzenlenmitir.
A) Gladiator fights were first organized in Rome in
the year 264 B.C. by the sons of Junius Brutus in
memory of their father.
B) The gladiator fights, which were held in Rome in
264 B.C. for the first time, were organized by the
sons of Junius Brutus as they wanted to
commemorate their father.
C) The sons of Junius Brutus, who organized
gladiator fights in Rome in the year 264 B.C. for
the first time, did so in memory of their father.
D) Gladiator fights date back to 264 B.C., when the
sons of Junius Brutus first organized a ritual of
sacrifice in Rome in memory of their father.
E) The origin of gladiator fights goes back to 264
B.C., when the sons of Junius Brutus wished to
honour the memory of their father in this way in
Rome.
10
A
47. The year 1960 seemed golden and full of promise.
Despite nearly constant international tension,
everyday life in Europe and North America
seemed to be improving. Economies recovered,
many standards of living rose, and new forms of
culture flourished. The economic horizon looked
bright. ----. Western Europeans could no longer
be so certain of their prosperity or of their
leaders ability to provide the sort of life they took
for granted.
A) Legal changes would not have occurred without
womens movements of the time
48. St. Petersburg is not just a city of names and

movements. It is also a city of bridges, with more
of them than any other city in the whole world.
With its 101 islands, it is also worthy of the title
city of islands. Not only that, but it has enough
canals to compete with Venice, Amsterdam, and
Stockholm. ----. As Dostoevskys hero puts it, It
is the most abstract and fantastic city on earth.
A) But most of all St. Petersburg is a city of culture,
of literature and poetry in particular
B) There are a total of 539 bridges, including 315 in
the city centre
B) These changes marked a new culture of mass

consumption boosted by marketing, advertising,
and credit payment
C) The sports facilities and activities in it cannot go

unnoticed
C) However, by 1990, most of the familiar

landscape had been dramatically transformed
D) The people of St. Petersburg are offered various

educational opportunities
D) The civil rights movement in the US had

enormous significance for the twentieth century
E) A considerable number of painters and sculptors

have lived there, too
E) The most serious outbreak of student unrest in

Europe came in Paris in the spring of 1968
11
A
49. Despite numerous intellectual and literary
advances, the longest-lived achievements of the
Italian Renaissance were made in the realm of art.
Of all the arts, painting was undoubtedly
supreme. Although Giotto was the great artistic
genius around 1300, it was not until the fifteenth
century that Italian painting began to come fully
of age. ----. Fifteenth-century artists also
experimented with effects of light and shade and,
for the first time, carefully studied the anatomy
and proportions of the human body.
A) From about 1450 until about 1600 Italian thought
was dominated by a school of Neo-Platonists,
who sought to blend Platonism with Christianity
50. World War II left Europe a land of wreckage and

confusion. Millions of refugees travelled
hundreds or thousands of miles on foot to return
to their homes while others were forcibly
displaced from their lands. ----. Food remained in
dangerously short supply, and even a year after
the war roughly 100 million people in Europe still
lived on less than 1,500 calories per day.
A) In some areas housing was practically
nonexistent, with no available means to build
anew
B) The Soviet campaign to control eastern Europe
did not go unchallenged
C) Historians estimate that in World War II nearly 50
million people died
B) One reason for this was that, in the early

fifteenth century, the laws of linear perspective
were discovered and first employed to give the
fullest sense of three dimensions
D) Even more than World War I, World War II

involved the combined efforts of whole
populations
C) Sixteenth-century Italian writers, such as

Machiavelli, Ariosto, Tasso, and Sannazaro,
were also highly accomplished creators of
imaginative prose and verse
E) Since industry was essential to winning the war,

centres of industry became vital military targets
D) Perhaps the greatest of the Florentine artists

was Leonardo da Vinci, one of the most versatile
geniuses who ever lived
E) Most Venetian painters showed little of the
Florentine schools concerns with philosophical
and psychological issues
12
A
53. A friend is being posted to rather a remote part of
the world, for two years, to carry out some
research. You hear that his wife feels very
reluctant to go. You want to awaken in her a more
positive approach to the people and culture of the
area where the husband has been posted. So you
say:
51. Western perceptions of the Middle East as a

viable tourist destination have been adversely
affected by the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the US,
the subsequent war on terrorism, and the war in
Iraq. Indeed, the impact of the 9/11 attacks upon
the tourist sector in the region has been
profound. ----. North Africa in general and Tunisia
in particular have fared comparatively well, but
Morocco has suffered badly.
A) Take your computer with you and then you wont

feel so cut off from the rest of the world.
A) Morocco is already one of the biggest tourist

destinations in the Middle East and North Africa,
drawing 2.25 million visitors a year
B) Dont worry; after a time youll find youve got

used to the conditions there.
C) Whats worrying you? Is it the language?
B) Especially, the effect on visitor numbers has

been decisive although it has varied
considerably from country to country
C) Morocco has a better developed domestic beach
culture than probably anywhere else in the
Middle East or North Africa
D) What a wonderful opportunity to meet different

people and watch a completely different way of
life from close quarters.
E) The secret is: keep busy. Then you wont have
time to get bored.
D) The target of 10 million visitors a year by 2010

may have been a little over-optimistic, although
Egypt has made huge investments
E) Some of the driest parts of Morocco lie on the
coast, and so one feasible option is to pipe water
there from the Atlas Mountains
54. A colleague has started to spend rather too

lavishly and got herself into debt. But this doesnt
seem to worry her and she continues to buy very
expensive and quite unnecessary things. One day
you happen to see her on the point of buying
shoes she doesnt need and run across to stop
her. You say to her firmly:
52. In the workplace a friend is very disappointed

because someone else has been promoted to the
position she felt she deserved. She is also
extremely angry and talking of giving in her
resignation. You feel this would be very unwise,
and say:
A) Are you sure you can afford them?
A) Dont do anything while you are so angry; you

may regret it later.
B) Think it over and come back tomorrow.
B) Of course youre angry. You deserved to be

promoted.
C) Yes. Theyre quite nice, but theres really nothing

special about them.
C) After all, you are better qualified than anyone

else here.
D) Lets go and have a coffee somewhere and

discuss the problem.
D) Dont you enjoy working here? I always thought

you did.
E) No, you dont! Youve got to give up this reckless

spending!
E) If you want to resign, do: theres no one stopping

you!
13
A
57. A friend has been over-working for months and
has been losing weight and sleeping badly. You
decide to really shock her into taking care of
herself on the principle that sometimes you have
to be cruel to be kind, and say:
55. Your niece has been for an interview for a post.

She very much wanted the job on offer, but has
been turned down. Learning that this was her
first-ever interview, you want to help restore her
confidence and give her some practical advice.
So, you say:
A) The person who is giving the interview should try
to put you at your ease.
B) Im sorry to hear that you were turned down.
A) Get away from it all for a weekend. Go to a nice

quiet place in the country.
B) Why are you driving yourself like this?
C) There should be more to life than making money!
C) Dont worry. This was your first interview. You

need some practice in being interviewed! Apply
for lots of posts and go to lots of interviews.
D) I suggest you look after yourself well.

E) Youre killing yourself by working too much.
Besides, youre really neglecting your family!
D) Were the questions he asked really all that

difficult?
E) What did you do wrong at this interview? Did you
feel you were being treated unfairly?
56. Your sister is about to buy her first car, and

wants your advice. You realize she is attracted to
rather large and luxury-class models. You decide
to give her a practical reason for choosing
something smaller, and say:
cmleyi bulunuz.
58. (I) The brains functions are both mysterious and
remarkable. (II) From the brain come all thoughts,
beliefs, memories, behaviours, and moods. (III) The
brain is the site of thinking and the control centre for
the rest of the body. (IV) Before performing a physical
examination, the doctor interviews the patient to
obtain his or her medical history. (V) The brain
coordinates the ability to move, touch, smell, hear,
and see.
A) Id love to drive a car like that.

B) What do you want a big car like that for?
C) Thats a difficult car for a learner driver.
D) Parking big cars like that is always a problem.
E) Cars like that are for experienced drivers only!
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
14
A
61. (I) Since 1988, when China delivered intermediaterange ballistic missiles and missile launchers to
Saudi Arabia, there has been genuine concern that
China may have been trying to buy into the lucrative
Gulf arms market. (II) However, there has been no
evidence of further significant arms deals between
China and the Gulf since that time. (III) On the other
hand, since the 1990s, China has enjoyed a healthy
trade in military equipment with Iran. (IV) In 2005
Saudi Arabia supplied China with 17% of its imported
oil needs. (V) Obviously, this has caused a great deal
of worry in the other Gulf states about the military
imbalance that exists between themselves and Iran,
an imbalance that China has been instrumental in
creating.
59. (I) Most episodes of illness with a fever in children

are caused by viral infections, although bacterial
infections can also produce a fever. (II) The first
symptom of a severe eye infection is usually swollen
and red eyelids. (III) In fact, it is often hard to
distinguish a bacterial infection from a viral infection.
(IV) Though bacterial infections can be serious, they
usually respond readily to antibiotics. (V) Prompt
diagnosis of a bacterial infection is thus important to
ensure prompt treatment.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
A) I
60. (I) Devaluation of the Jamaican dollar made

Jamaican products more competitive on the world
market, and the country achieved record growth in
tourism and agriculture. (II) Jamaica was inhabited by
Arawak Indians when Columbus explored it in 1494
and named it St. Iago. (III) It remained under Spanish
rule until 1655, when it became a British possession.
(IV) In the following decades disease decimated the
Arawaks. (V) As a result, slaves were brought from
Africa to work on the sugar plantations.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
62. (I) Earthquakes are the result of forces deep within

Earths interior that continuously affect its surface.
(II) The energy from these forces is stored in a variety
of ways within the rocks. (III) Although the Richter
Scale has no upper limit, the largest known shocks
have had magnitudes in the 8.8 to 8.9 range.
(IV) When this energy is released suddenly by
rupturing movements along faults in the crust of
Earth, an earthquake results. (V) The area of the fault
where the sudden rupture takes place is called the
focus of the earthquake, while the point on Earths
surface directly above the focus is called the
epicentre of the earthquake.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
15
A
63. (I) The average salt concentration in the oceans at
the present time is around 35 grams per litre of sea
water. (II) Geological evidence shows that this figure
has remained constant for the last 1.5 billion years.
(III) Actually, this means that the oceans must lose
nearly three billion tons of salt each year to balance
the amount that enters them. (IV) Suggested
mechanisms for this process include loss through sea
spray, chemical reactions at the sea floor, biological
activity, and the formation of salt deposits on land.
(V) It is true that floating ice would not change sea
levels if it melted.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
65. By all accounts, the operation was a success, but

the period of recuperation looks like being a long
one.
A) So long as the operation is carried out
successfully, the period of recuperation that
follows will be short.
B) Even if the operation is successful, it will be a
long time before he gets back to normal.
C) Since the operation was only a partial success,
we mustnt expect a speedy recovery.
D) The operation was a huge success, so he is
expected to be back to normal almost at once.
E) The operation apparently went off well, but quite
some time may be required for him to recover
fully.

66. Everyone seems to be on edge these days, but
with the elections so near that is hardly
surprising.
64. Actually, I try to keep out of her way because,

whenever I do run into her, she pesters me for a
loan.
A) The approaching elections seem to have caused

a higher than average amount of friction between
people.
A) Whatever you do, dont ever give her a loan or

youll find yourself forced to lend her money
every time she asks for it.
B) As elections are drawing near, we can expect

such displays of bad-temper.
B) Even so, its best to keep out of her way, if you

can, as she takes every available opportunity to
get money out of you.
C) The approach of the elections is no excuse for

such displays of bad-temper.
C) As a matter of fact, I avoid her as much as

possible since, if we ever do happen to meet,
shes sure to work on me to lend her money.
D) Even so, I prefer not to risk a meeting with her as
I know she will do her best to make me lend her
the money.
D) Nowadays tempers everywhere are frayed,

which, I suppose, is only natural, with election
day so close.
E) With elections so close its essential that
everyone makes an effort to stay calm.
E) Id rather not put myself in a position to be forced

to lend her money again.
16
A
69. Leonardo da Vinci forged close friendships with a
wide variety of people, from humble apprentices
to the king of France.
67. If the film focuses on terrorism, it is not likely to

attract large audiences.
A) Films that focus on terrorism are not as popular
as they used to be.
A) Leonardo da Vinci had some close friends, who

mainly included apprentices and also the king of
France.
B) If terrorism is central to the film, it probably wont

achieve much popularity.
B) Among the few people Leonardo da Vinci

regarded as his friends were some poor
apprentices as well as the king of France.
C) As the film touches on terrorism we cant expect

it to be popular.
D) Unless there is at least a background of
terrorism to the film, it wont be a hit.
C) Leonardo da Vinci was very fond of his friends,

who in fact consisted of the French king and
some poor apprentices.
E) If you want the film to be a box-office success,

choose any subject but terrorism.
D) Leonardo da Vinci had a wide range of close

friends, including poor apprentices and also the
king of France.
E) The king of France and a number of apprentices
were the only people who made friends with
Leonardo da Vinci.

68. People have usually assumed that this mountain

village was abandoned because easier living
conditions were available elsewhere.
A) The prospect of better living conditions in
another place must have tempted the inhabitants
to desert this mountain village.
B) Apparently, people abandoned this mountain
village, tempted by the prospect of a better way
of life elsewhere.
70. James :
- Have you been to the Dali exhibition?
Rodney :
- ---James :
- Why is that?
C) It must have been hard to make a livelihood in

this mountain village, so people opted out and
went in search of an easier way of life.
Rodney :
- I dont like being caught up in a crowd when Im
looking at paintings.
D) The mountain village was presumably

abandoned when people realized that easier
conditions were on offer elsewhere.
A) I certainly have. And I hope to go again soon.

B) Not yet. I dont go to such exhibitions till theyve
been going for some time.
E) It has generally been presumed that people

deserted this mountain village because there
was the prospect of a pleasanter way of life in
another place.
C) I was there at the opening. What about you?

D) Yes. I was surprised at how few large paintings
there were.
E) Of course. And it was quite an experience.
17
A
73. Steve :
- According to this latest report on Afghanistan,
its not safe for aid agencies to work there.
71. Clare :
- Whats the matter with you? Youre not your
usual self!
Kate :
- I know Im not. This report Im doing is getting
me down.
Ken :
- How come? There is a strong NATO force there
to provide security.
Clare :
- ----
Steve :
- ----
Kate :
- No; thank goodness. But the deadline is near.
Ken :
- So, it seems that the NATO-led attempts to
bring peace to this country have already failed.
A) So thats the trouble. Is there still much left to be

done?
B) The trouble with you is that youre a perfectionist.
C) When are you expected to hand it in?
D) Would you like me to go over it for you?
A) You know that the aims of the NATO intervention

in this country have been clearly defined.
B) Indeed, northern Afghanistan remains
reasonably peaceful and open to trade.
C) Sure, but a large part of the country, especially
the troublesome southern parts, are controlled
by rebel groups.
E) But it was nearly finished last week, wasnt it?
D) In fact, for this country to achieve peace and

security, there is an urgent need for more foreign
involvement.
72. Fred :
- Have you read this article on the economies of
the Middle Eastern countries?
E) Actually, several nations have helped to build

roads, bridges, and other important facilities.
Mike :
- No, not yet. Anything interesting in it?
Fred :
- ---Mike :
- Thats to be expected. After all, Iran is the
second-largest producer of oil in OPEC.
A) Well, Irans nuclear aims seem to have
increased international tension.
B) To my surprise, 50% of Irans revenue comes
from its oil exports.
C) Clearly, the global economy is suffering heavily
from the current US economic crisis.
D) Just one point: every day, the world spends
around $5.5 billion at current price levels on
crude oil purchases.
E) It seems that China, India, and Japan have
become the primary markets for the Middle
Easts oil and gas.
18
A
75. Liz :
- Do you think the Russian invasion of Georgia
will do lasting damage to Russias relations
with the EU?
74. Tim :
- A recent study has found that, in the oilproducing Arab countries in the Middle East, a
quarter of the population lives below the
poverty line, defined by the World Bank as
earning less than $2 per day.
Brian :
- In the short term, tensions will be high, but
before long things will settle down smoothly
again.
Tony :
- Unbelievable. Despite record oil profits for
those countries?
Liz :
- How can you be so positive?
Tim :
- ---Tony :
- In that case, one can say that Arab
governments have been negligent of their social
responsibility.
A) Yes, indeed. In fact, this clearly shows that the
current oil boom has not benefited the average
Arab citizen at all.
Brian :
- ---A) Russias decision last year to reduce gas
supplies to Europe was based on economic
considerations rather than on any political aim.
B) Russia has always shown a keen interest in
European politics and often tries to influence it to
its own advantage.
B) It is true that higher oil prices allow governments

to avoid making difficult decisions.
C) The response of France has been to construct

several new nuclear power stations.
C) Moreover, massive infrastructure and housing

projects have been undertaken.
D) If were to live side by side, there must be a good

measure of trust.
D) So far, open economies have done much better

than the closed ones.
E) Very simple. Russia needs European goods and

technology as much as Europe needs Russian
gas.
E) For instance, in the Gulf states, rising real estate

prices have pushed up rents and housing costs.
19
A
77. One gathers from the passage that, in the
Hellenistic Age, ----.

cevaplaynz.
The major sciences of the Hellenistic Age were
astronomy, mathematics, geography, medicine, and
physics. The most renowned of the early Hellenistic
astronomers was Aristarchus of Samos (310-230
B.C.), sometimes called the Hellenistic Copernicus.
His primary accomplishment was his deduction that
the Earth and the other planets revolve around the
Sun. This view was not accepted by his successors
because it conflicted with the teachings of Aristotle
and also with the Greek conviction that humanity, and
therefore the Earth, must be at the centre of the
universe. Later, in the second century A.D.,
Aristarchuss fame was overshadowed by that of
Ptolemy of Alexandria. Although Ptolemy made few
original discoveries, he systematized the works of
others. His principal writing, The Almagest, based on
the view that all heavenly bodies revolve around the
Earth, was handed down to medieval Europe as the
classic summary of ancient astronomy.
A) Aristotles writings and the works of other

philosophers were edited and published
B) astronomy was the science which received the
most attention
C) all astronomers held the same views about the
Sun and the planets
D) astronomy was just one of several sciences to
be studied seriously
E) it was commonly accepted that Aristarchuss
ideas had mainly derived from Aristotle
78. It is clear from the passage that, with his view of

the universe, Aristarchus ----.
76. According to the passage, it was Ptolemy of

Alexandria who ----.
A) opened the way for the study of astronomy as a

science
A) adequately summarized in his Almagest

Aristarchuss ideas on astronomy
B) was only repeating the traditional Greek idea
B) was greatly inspired by Aristarchuss heliocentric

view of the universe
C) did not differ from other Hellenistic astronomers

D) had much influence on his contemporaries
C) fundamentally shaped the European

understanding of astronomy for the Middle Ages
E) made an unprecedented breakthrough in

astronomy
D) first studied and explained in The Almagest the

movements of all the planets
E) contributed extensively to the development of
astronomy as a science
20
A
80. One understands from the passage that
Aristarchuss reputation as an astronomer ----.
79. It is pointed out in the passage that the Greeks

----.
A) regarded the Earth as the centre of the universe
B) were extremely influenced by Aristarchuss ideas
C) were not fully familiar with the teachings of
Aristotle
A) can be attributed to Copernicuss study of his

work
B) never lost its significance in the Middle Ages
C) began to grow only after the second century A.D.
D) completely ruled out whatever Ptolemy said

about the universe
D) became widespread through Ptolemys famous

work The Almagest
E) knew how the planets revolved around the Sun
E) has been acknowledged as correct by modern

astronomers
21
A
82. It is stressed in the passage that the Berlin Wall
----.

cevaplaynz.
The most significant political change in eastern
Europe during the late 1980s was the collapse of
communism in East Germany and the unification of
East and West Germany. Although long considered
the most prosperous of the Soviet satellite countries,
East Germany suffered from severe economic
stagnation and environmental degradation. Waves of
East Germans registered their discontent with
worsening conditions by massive illegal emigration to
the West. This exodus together with evidence of
widespread official corruption led to the resignation of
East Germanys long-time, hard-line premier, Erich
Honecker. His successor, Egon Krenz, promised
reforms, but he was nevertheless faced with
continuing protests and continuing mass emigration.
In the end, on 4 November 1989, the government, in
a move that acknowledged its powerlessness to hold
its citizens captive, opened its border with
Czechoslovakia. This move effectively freed East
Germans to travel to the West. In a matter of days,
the Berlin Wall, which had been the embodiment of
the Cold War, the Iron Curtain, and the division of
East from West, was demolished by groups of
ordinary citizens. Jubilant crowds from both sides
walked through the gaping holes that now permitted
men, women, and children to take the few steps that
symbolized the return to freedom and a chance for
national unity.
A) had been built by the East German government

in order to prevent any access to West Berlin
B) not only divided East and West, but also, more
importantly, symbolized the Cold War and the
Iron Curtain
C) signified both the powerlessness of Honeckers
government and the failure of his economic
policies
D) would have been demolished even if East
Germany had retained communism
E) gave rise to a great many ideological
controversies between East and West Germany
83. According to the passage, with the collapse of

the Berlin Wall, ----.
81. As pointed out in the passage, in the late 1980s,

----.
A) the Soviet satellite countries were exposed to

Western ideas
A) Honecker and Krenz were fully committed to the

ultimate unification of East and West Germany
B) East and West Germany signed a treaty of

reunification
B) East Germany began to enjoy so much

prosperity that the other Soviet satellite states
became envious of its economic success
C) the East German government, already corrupt
and disliked by the people, was no longer able to
prevent mass emigration to the West
D) Honecker introduced extremely austere
economic measures in order to improve
worsening conditions and get rid of corruption
C) the economic prosperity of East Germany

continued to increase
D) the East Germans took up their fight against
political corruption
E) the East German people were, as it were, finally
freed from captivity
E) East Germany adopted a policy of cooperation

with West Germany so that the effects of the
Cold War could be eliminated
22
A
85. It is made clear in the passage that Honeckers
resignation from the government ----.
84. It is stated in the passage that East Germany ----.

A) made various attempts to fight corruption in the
government, but failed
A) led to a serious political crisis in the country,

which was finally resolved by the intervention of
his successor Egon Krenz
B) had continually tried to be re-unified with West

Germany before the fall of the Berlin Wall
B) was inevitable because he had failed to carry out

the reforms urgently needed to improve the
economy and the environment
C) had never regarded communism as an

acceptable regime until the 1980s
D) faced extremely severe economic and
environmental problems in the 1980s
C) was required by his successor Egon Krenz, who

was far more popular with the people and took
the necessary precautions to stop illegal
emigration
E) had a considerable economic and political

influence on other east European countries
D) was demanded because, without having

consulted his colleagues, he had opened East
Germanys border with Czechoslovakia
E) took place as a result of widespread official
corruption and the massive illegal emigration to
the West of the people of East Germany
23
A
87. As pointed out in the passage, the new states in
eastern Europe, created in accordance with the
Versailles treaty, ----.

cevaplaynz.
The causes of World War II were rooted in the peace
settlement at Versailles in 1919-1920. The peace had
created as many problems as it had solved. The
senior Allied heads of state yielded to demands that
involved annexing German territory and creating new
states out of the eastern European empires. In doing
so, the peacemakers created fresh bitterness and
conflict. The Versailles treaty and its champions,
such as US President Woodrow Wilson, proclaimed
the principle of self-determination for the peoples of
eastern and southern Europe. Yet the new states
created by the treaty crossed ethnic boundaries,
involved political compromises, and frustrated many
of the expectations they had raised. The unsteady
new boundaries would be redrawn by force in the
1930s. The Allied powers also kept up the naval
blockade against Germany after the end of World
War I. This forced the new German government to
accept harsh terms that deprived Germany of its
political power in Europe. The blockade and its
consequences created grievances that made the
German people feel angry and completely humiliated.
A) became the source of many problems in Europe

and caused much disillusionment
B) were protected by the Allied powers against a
possible German invasion
C) formed an alliance in order to resist Germanys
territorial demands
D) maintained their independence until the start of
World War II
E) did their best to be on good terms with Germany
and so pursued a pro-German policy
88. According to the passage, in the face of the Allied

naval blockade, ----.
86. It is argued in the passage that the Versailles

treaty, signed after World War I, ----.
A) Germany openly refused to reach any political

compromise with the Allied powers
A) went into effect soon after the Allied naval

blockade against Germany had been lifted
B) the German government gave up its demands

for the annexation of the east European
countries
B) did not take into consideration Woodrow

Wilsons principle of self-determination
C) the newly-created east European countries soon

began to disregard each others boundaries
C) enabled Germany to regain its territories in

eastern Europe and become militarily strong
again
D) was a total failure, since it ultimately led to World
War II
E) was accepted with great jubilation by the
German government and people
D) the German people strongly opposed Woodrow

Wilsons principle of self-determination
E) Germany had no other choice but to agree to the
severe conditions dictated by the Allies
24
A
90. Clearly, the passage ----.
89. It is clear from the passage that, contrary to

Allied expectations, ----.
A) the Germans were able to overcome the
grievances caused by the naval blockade
A) is a comprehensive assessment of the impact

that the Allied naval blockade of Germany had
on the Versailles treaty
B) the peace deal made at Versailles brought about

new hostilities and conflicts
B) is a detailed account of how Germany prepared

itself economically and politically for World War II
C) Germanys political power in Europe became

further strengthened by the Versailles treaty
C) focuses directly on the problems that faced the

new east European states created after World
War I
D) President Wilson was worried about the political

future of the new states in eastern Europe
D) is a detailed study of the European importance

and consequences of Woodrow Wilsons
principle of self-determination
E) Germany and the new east European states

soon realized they had much in common and
established good relationships
E) summarizes the developments in Europe in the

aftermath of the Versailles treaty
25
A
92. As pointed out in the passage, compared with the
French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution ----.

cevaplaynz.
The French Revolution transformed the political and
diplomatic landscape of Europe suddenly and
dramatically. The transformation of industry came
more gradually. By the 1830s or 1840s, however,
writers and social thinkers in Europe were
increasingly aware of unexpected and extraordinary
changes in their economic world. They began to
speak of an industrial revolution, one that seemed
to parallel the revolution in politics. The term has
stayed with us. The Industrial Revolution spanned the
hundred years after 1780. It represented the first
breakthrough from an agricultural and
overwhelmingly rural economy to one characterized
by large-scale manufacturing, more capital-intensive
enterprises, and urbanization. It involved new
sources of energy and power, faster transportation,
mechanization, higher productivity, and new ways of
organizing human labour. It triggered social changes
with revolutionary consequences for the West and its
relationship with the world. Of all these changes,
perhaps the most important one was to be seen in
energy. Over the space of two or three generations, a
society and an economy that had traditionally drawn
on water, wind, and wood for most of its energy
needs came to depend on steam engines and coal.
In other words, the Industrial Revolution brought the
beginnings of the fossil fuel age.
A) was so sudden and unexpected that there

emerged a desperate need for new sources of
energy and more workers
B) had no impact at all on the social changes which
took place in Europe in the late eighteenth and
early nineteenth centuries
C) had so much influence on European politics in
the nineteenth century that governments had to
revise their development plans
D) was primarily concerned with social welfare and
forced many countries in Europe to introduce
new benefits for workers
E) was a process of industrial, economic, and social
transformation in Europe, which covered a
hundred years beginning with the late eighteenth
century
93. One learns from the passage that, with the

Industrial Revolution, ----.
91. As one understands from the passage, the term

the Industrial Revolution ----.
A) a great deal of improvement was made in

transportation so that goods could be carried in
large quantities all over the world
A) was only used during the first half of the

nineteenth century and has since been replaced
by new terms, such as the fossil fuel age
B) was invented after the Industrial Revolution was
completed
B) the usual energy resources, such as wind, water,

and wood, began to be used far more efficiently
in order to meet growing energy needs
C) always signified the process of urbanization in

Europe, which was closely linked with the
migration of rural people to major cities
C) the traditional rural economy was replaced by a

capital-based economy of mass production and
labour
D) was first invented by a group of European social

thinkers who recognized that huge changes were
occurring in the economic world
D) economic affairs came to dominate politics and

diplomatic relations in Europe so much that
governments adopted policies for more
cooperation with each other
E) essentially referred to the use of steam power in

industry, but has today lost its original meaning
completely
E) agriculture in Europe was fully modernized and,

consequently, much higher productivity was
achieved
26
A
95. As can be seen clearly, the passage ----.
94. It is clear from the passage that coal-fired steam

power ----.
A) explains how the Industrial Revolution

transformed the landscape of European politics
and relations
A) had not been used as a primary source of

energy before the Industrial Revolution
B) was only used as a source of energy for industry
in the 1830s and 1840s
C) quickly lost its importance for industry after the
advantages of fossil fuels became apparent
B) gives a detailed account of the ways in which the

French Revolution differs from the Industrial
Revolution
C) extensively outlines the role which various
sources of energy equally played in the Industrial
Revolution
D) was not regarded as a feasible source of energy

during the Industrial Revolution
D) mainly deals with the meaning and the economic

and social consequences of the Industrial
Revolution
E) played a minimal role in the transport of goods

during the Industrial Revolution
E) discusses in depth the political and economic

causes of both the French Revolution and the
Industrial Revolution
27
A
97. According to the passage, unlike their French or
German counterparts, ----.

cevaplaynz.
The Renaissance originated in Italy for several
reasons. The most fundamental reason was that Italy
in the later Middle Ages was the most advanced
urban society in all of Europe. Unlike aristocrats north
of the Alps, Italian aristocrats customarily lived in
urban centres rather than in rural castles and
consequently became fully involved in urban public
affairs. Moreover, since the Italian aristocracy built its
palaces in the cities, the aristocratic class was less
sharply set off from the class of rich merchants than
in other European countries. Hence, whereas in
France or Germany most aristocrats lived on the
income from their lands while rich town dwellers,
called bourgeois in French, gained their living from
trade, in Italy so many town-dwelling aristocrats
engaged in banking or mercantile enterprises, and so
many rich mercantile families imitated the manners of
the aristocracy that, by the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries, the aristocracy and upper bourgeoisie
were becoming virtually indistinguishable. For
instance, the noted Florentine family of the Medici,
which had emerged as a family of physicians (as the
name suggests), made its fortune in banking and
commerce, and rose into the aristocracy in the
fifteenth century. Obviously, social mobility as such
brought about a great demand for education in the
skills of reading and counting necessary to become a
successful merchant, but the richest and most
prominent families sought above all to find teachers
who would impart to their sons the knowledge and
skills necessary in politics and public life.
96. It is suggested in the passage that, in the period

before the Renaissance, ----.
A) medieval Italian aristocrats lived in cities and

mixed with the general public
B) Italian merchants in the Renaissance period
were also engaged in trade north of the Alps
C) distinguished Italian families wished their sons to
become successful merchants
D) the Medici were actively involved in the politics
and diplomatic relations of their time
E) the Italian upper bourgeoisie were strongly
opposed to social mobility
98. It is pointed out in the passage that wealthy

medieval Italian merchant families ----.
A) the aristocrats in Europe were indifferent to the

quality of education offered at schools
A) deliberately avoided any involvement in the

political affairs of their cities
B) the Medici of Florence had been a poor

mercantile family with no skills in politics
B) disliked urban centres and preferred to live in

their castles built in rural areas
C) France and Germany had many more

aristocratic families than Italy
C) never took an interest in the political activities of

the aristocracy
D) European banking was completely monopolized

by the rich town-dwellers of France
D) were greatly influenced in their habits and way of

life by urban aristocrats
E) no other European country had an urban society

as advanced as that of Italy
E) were far more enterprising in trade than their

French and German rivals
28
A
99. According to the passage, it was in Italy that ----.
A) what the French called bourgeois had the
monopoly on banking
100. It is clear from the passage that banking and

trade ----.
A) contributed a great deal to social mobility in Italy
in the later Middle Ages
B) merchants and aristocrats were clearly set apart

C) banking developed much faster than trade
B) were far more advanced in France and Germany

than in Italy during the Renaissance
D) most aristocrats wanted their sons to learn only

the skills associated with politics
C) were major enterprises that medieval Italian

aristocrats chose to ignore
E) the rise of the Renaissance first took place
D) first emerged in medieval Italy, but were more

professionally practised north of the Alps
E) had much impact on the development of
education throughout medieval Europe
TEST BTT.
29

02 KASIM 2008
NGLZCE
A KTAPII
1. E
26. C
51. B
76. C
2. D
27. E
52. A
77. D
3. E
28. D
53. D
78. E
4. B
29. D
54. E
79. A
5. A
30. E
55. C
80. E
6. C
31. A
56. D
81. C
7. D
32. E
57. E
82. B
8. A
33. A
58. D
83. E
9. E
34. C
59. B
84. D
10. D
35. B
60. A
85. E
11. B
36. A
61. D
86. D
12. C
37. D
62. C
87. A
13. A
38. A
63. E
88. E
14. E
39. E
64. C
89. B
15. A
40. D
65. E
90. E
16. D
41. A
66. D
91. D
17. A
42. B
67. B
92. E
18. B
43. C
68. E
93. C
19. E
44. B
69. D
94. A
20. D
45. A
70. B
95. D
21. B
46. E
71. A
96. E
22. A
47. C
72. B
97. A
23. C
48. A
73. C
98. D
24. A
49. B
74. A
99. E
25. D
50. A
75. E
100. A
2009
May
SYM
T.C. YKSEKRETM KURULU

RENC SEME VE
YERLETRME MERKEZ
A
SEVYE TESPT SINAVI
(LKBAHAR DNEM)
NGLZCE
3 Mays 2009
ADI
: ...........................................................
SOYADI
: ...........................................................
T.C. KMLK NUMARASI
: ...........................................................
SALON NUMARASI
: ...........................................................
GENEL
AIKLAMA
1. Bu soru kitapndaki test 100 sorudan olumaktadr

ve verilen cevaplama sresi 180 dakikadr (3 saat).
2. Bu soru kitapnn tr Adr. Bunu cevap kdnzdaki ilgili alana kodlaynz.
Bu kodlamay cevap kdnza yapmadnz veya yanl yaptnz takdirde, snavnzn deerlendirilmesi mmkn deildir.
3. Cevaplamaya istediiniz sorudan balayabilirsiniz.
4. Test kitapndaki her sorunun yalnzca bir doru
cevab vardr. Bir soru iin birden fazla cevap yeri
iaretlenmise o soru yanl cevaplanm saylacaktr.
5. Bu kitapktaki sorularn cevaplar, kitapkla birlikte

verilen cevap kdnda ayrlm olan yerlere, kurun
kalemle iaretlenecektir. Cevap kd buruturulmayacak, zerine gereksiz hibir iaret konulmayacaktr.
6. Bu snavn deerlendirilmesi doru cevap says
zerinden yaplacak, yanl cevaplar dikkate alnmayacaktr. Bu nedenle, her soruda size en doru
grnen cevab iaretleyerek cevapsz soru brakmamanz yararnza olacaktr.
7. Snavda uyulacak dier kurallar bu kitapn arka
kapanda belirtilmitir.
Bu testin her hakk sakldr. Hangi amala olursa olsun, testlerin tamamnn veya bir ksmnn Merkezimizin yazl izni
olmadan kopya edilmesi, fotorafnn ekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla oaltlmas, yaymlanmas ya da kullanlmas
yasaktr. Bu yasaa uymayanlar gerekli cezai sorumluluu ve testlerin hazrlanmasndaki mali klfeti peinen
kabullenmi saylr.
A
2009 - KPDS lkbahar / NG
5. The major component of most gallstones is
cholesterol, though some are ---- of calcium salts.
A) swept away
B) kept away
1. Few Arab governments have any legal ---- to

monitor arms trade.
A) interpretation
B) framework
C) judgement
D) adoption
C) broken down
D) looked after
E) made up
E) obsession
2. European companies are stepping up their

investment in the Libyan gas sector, as the
Libyan government is increasingly ---- to
welcome them.
A) tentative
B) essential
D) similar
6. There ---- various indications that the current

financial crisis ---- a damaging effect on
technology companies.
C) obvious
A) are / is having
E) keen
B) were / will have

C) had been / has had
D) have been / would have had
E) would have been / had had
3. Consumers in the Gulf countries have ---- higher

real purchasing power because of sustained low
inflation.
A) inclusively
B) pensively
C) considerably
D) faintly
E) bilaterally
7. Russia ---- earlier this week that it ---- all its

troops out of Georgia.
4. For the worlds automotive industry, this years

Dubai Motor Show is a rare opportunity to ---serious business with wealthy customers in the
Middle East.
A) lift
B) purchase
D) conduct
A) had announced / pulled

B) announces / would have pulled
C) relate
C) announced / had pulled
E) satisfy
D) is announcing / has pulled

E) has announced / was pulling
A
12. The Caucasus is a strategically vital region ---could play a critical role in the European Unions
future energy security.
8. With its superior firepower, NATO ---- any battle,

but it ---- the war in Afghanistan.
A) had won / loses
A) whereas
B) can win / is losing
B) who
D) whereby
C) has won / lost
C) as
E) that
D) would have won / had lost

E) is winning / was losing
13. ---- inflation and unemployment rise sharply in

Europe, the solidarity of the European Union
could break down in some damaging ways.
9. About 20 to 40 per cent of pancreatic cancer

cases are cured ---- chemotherapy followed ---radiation therapy or surgery.
A) about / over
B) from / to
C) with / by
D) of / into
A) If
B) As if
C) Unless
D) Until
E) Even though
E) at / through
14. In the current financial crisis, Italy is alone among

the big European countries in having ---- a bank
rescue fund ---- a stated figure for the sum it is
ready to make available.
10. The objective ---- a proper diet is to achieve and

maintain a desirable body composition and a
large capacity ---- physical and mental work.
A) through / through
A) more / than
B) neither / nor
B) on / within
C) such / as
D) so / that
C) at / across
E) just / as
D) of / for
E) after / between
11. Gang violence is deplorable and cannot be

tolerated, ---- simply cracking down on it is not
the solution.
A) so that
B) whereby
D) when
15. Deep-sea diving can cause medical problems ---air embolism and decompression sickness,
which can be fatal if not treated promptly.
C) but
A) as regards
E) so long as
B) as far as
D) such as
C) also
E) just as
A
ifadeyi bulunuz.
ifadeyi bulunuz.
Eritrea was part of the first Ethiopian kingdom of

th
Aksum (16) ---- its decline in the 8 century. It came
th
under the control of the Ottoman Empire in the 16
century, and (17) ---- of the Egyptians. The Italians
(18) ---- the coastal areas in 1885, and the Treaty of
Uccialli, signed on 2nd May 1889, gave Italy (19) ---over part of Eritrea. The Italians ruled the colony until
World War II. It was made an Ethiopian province in
1962, but a civil war (20) ---- against the Ethiopian
government led by rebel groups who opposed the
union and wanted independence for Eritrea.
The portrait, as it is known today, was born in the

Renaissance. In fact, portraits (21) ---- before the
Renaissance, of course: (22) ---- think of the
Pharaohs with their colossal statues, or the busts of
the Roman emperors, (23) ---- those figures seemed
very (24) ----. Renaissance artists, by contrast,
sought to create not just a likeness of their subjects,
but also (25) ---- of their spirit.
21.
16.
A) exist
A) through
B) over
D) with
C) until
B) would exist
E) in
C) have existed
D) would have existed
17.
E) had existed
A) subsequently
B) widely
C) unanimously
D) earnestly
22.
E) extensively
A) Just
B) Already
C) Always
D) Usually
18.
E) Previously
A) capture
B) will capture
23.
C) have captured
A) whenever
D) captured
B) when
D) while
C) but
E) so far as
E) are capturing
24.
19.
A) institution
B) sovereignty
D) opposition
C) treatment
A) principal
B) prospective
C) enthusiastic
D) recent
E) prominence
E) remote
20.
25.
A) broke out
B) took off
C) set out
D) kept on
E) went forward
A) many
B) anything
C) something
D) any
E) few
A
29. ---- where bones that span six million years of
human evolution have been dug up over the last
25 years.

26. ---- that the basic principle of collective
ownership of rural land will remain unchanged.
A) New archaeological evidence helps us to

understand the evolution of primitive humans
A) In the past, many people in China feared
B) Various fossils have recently been found in an

Ethiopian valley
B) The Chinese government had already decided
C) The history of human evolution can best be

traced through the study of fossils
C) Some politicians in China took part in a debate
D) The new discoveries in Ethiopia significantly

expand our knowledge of primitive humans
D) The Chinese Prime Minister has stated

E) Chinese peasants held a protest meeting last
Sunday
E) In Ethiopia, a wide range of fossils, including

teeth, skull, jaw and hand bones, have been
discovered
30. When Franois Mitterrand nationalized Frances

banks in 1981, ----.
27. ----, but it no longer sponsors terrorism.

A) North Korea had long wanted to reach an
agreement with the US
A) he opposed the view that economic liberty had

been under attack
B) North Korea had, until recently, no intention of

giving up nuclear weapons
B) he had already decided to minimize these risks

in a short term
C) The North Koreans and the Japanese have had

talks on a variety of issues
C) he had tried to avoid populist gestures
D) Two decades ago, two North Korean agents

blew up a South Korean airliner
D) his ultimate aim has been to regulate Frances

financial system
E) North Koreas regime may be brutal in all sorts of

ways
E) he did so because he thought the state would

run them better
31. In the 1970s and 1980s, Colombia became one of

the international centres for illegal drug
production and trafficking ----.
28. Because Brazils exports include a wide variety of

valuable raw materials, ----.
A) the unpredictable exchange rates had damaged
the countrys economy a lot
A) because the drug cartels virtually controlled the

country
B) the government introduced a number of austerity

measures to reduce inflation
B) even though 2 million Colombians have left the

country in the past several years
C) the country has had huge earnings in foreign

currency over the past few years
C) that the government unsuccessfully attempted to

stem the guerrilla violence
D) the countrys economy cannot satisfy domestic

demand without higher inflation
D) just as the leading drug dealers were offered

lenient punishment in exchange for their
surrender
E) most economists agree that a weaker currency

will mean higher inflation
E) since the country has turned into a battleground

with bombs, killings and kidnappings
A
35. The prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide
appears to be slightly less than 1 per cent ----.
32. New Zealand consists of two main islands and a

number of smaller, outlying islands, which are so
scattered ----.
A) if schizophrenia is a relatively serious mental

disorder
A) while the country has been in the forefront in

instituting social welfare legislation
B) since it is regarded as a major public health

problem throughout the world
B) as other inhabited islands include the Chatham

Islands and Great Barrier Island
C) because schizophrenia and other delusional

disorders share certain features
C) even if the North Island and the South Island are

separated by the Cook Strait
D) although areas of higher or lower prevalence

have been identified
D) since the Maoris, who consisted of several

tribes, were the first inhabitants of the country
E) unless people with schizophrenia occupy one

fourth of all hospital beds
E) that they range from the tropical to the antarctic
33. Suriname, now a Latin American country, was

originally explored by Spain in 1593, ----.

A) because the English transferred sovereignty to

the Dutch in 1667
36. Undernutrition, a deficiency of essential

nutrients, can result from inadequate intake
because of poor diet or poor absorption from the
intestine.
B) but by 1602 the Dutch began to settle the land,

followed by the English
C) since colonization was confined to a narrow
coastal strip
A) Temel besin eksiklii olan yetersiz beslenme, az

beslenmeden veya barsaktaki az emilimden
dolay yeterli gda alnmamasndan kaynaklanabilir.
D) although African slaves made up the workforce

for coffee and sugarcane plantations
B) Az beslenme veya barsaktaki az emilim sonucu temel besinlerin yeterli alnamamas nedeniyle, beslenme yetersizlii oluur.
E) while after 1870 plantation workers were mostly

imported from British India
C) Temel besin eksiklii olarak anlalan beslenme

yetersizlii, az beslenme veya barsakta az emilim sonucu ortaya kmaktadr.
D) Az beslenme veya barsaktaki az emilim nedeniyle yeterli gda alnamamas, temel besinlerin
eksikliine ve yetersiz beslenmeye yol amaktadr.
34. Some types of breast cancer grow very slowly

and spread to other parts of the body ----.
E) Temel besinlerin eksikliine bal olarak oluan

beslenme yetersizliinin kayna, az beslenme
veya barsaktan az emilim olmasdr.
A) as an infected breast usually appears red and

swollen
B) so long as they can be detected
C) only after they become very large
D) so that the diseased breast may be removed
E) because recently two separate genes for breast
cancer have been identified
A
39. The West needs to keep talking to Russia about
many things, notably about efforts to prevent Iran
from acquiring nuclear weapons.
37. New Zealand was the first country in the world to

give women in 1893 the right to vote.
A) 1893te dnyada kadnlara ilk seme hakk verilen lke Yeni Zelandadr.
A) rann nkleer silahlar retmesini engelleme giriimleri, Batnn Rusya ile konumak zorunda olduu pek ok konunun iinde zellik tamaktadr.
B) Dnyada kadnlara 1893te ilk seme hakkn veren lke Yeni Zelanda olmutur.
C) Yeni Zelanda, dnyada, kadnlara 1893te seme
hakk veren ilk lkeydi.
B) Batnn Rusya ile konumak zorunda olduu pek

ok konu iinde zellikle rann nkleer silahlar
elde etmesini engelleme giriimleri bulunmaktadr.
D) Dnyada kadnlara ilk seme hakk, 1893te Yeni

Zelandada verilmitir.
C) Batnn, Rusya ile pek ok konu zerinde, zellikle rann nkleer silahlar edinmesini engelleme
abalar zerinde konumay srdrmesi gerekmektedir.
E) Kadnlara 1893te seme hakk verilen dnyadaki ilk lke, Yeni Zelanda idi.
D) Bat, rann nkleer silahlar edinmesini engelleme abalar dahil, pek ok konuyu zellikle Rusya ile tartmak zorundadr.
E) Bat, rann nkleer silahlar retmesini engellemek iin yapaca giriimleri, Rusya ile konuaca pek ok konu ile birlikte ele almak zorundadr.
38. The issue under debate today is whether, for all

its flaws, capitalism is the best economic system
man has yet invented.
40. The European Union can help underdeveloped

countries, especially those in Africa, by offering
financial aid, more open trade arrangements and
easier visa conditions.
A) Bir sr aksaklklarna ramen, kapitalizmin, insanolunun bugne kadar ortaya koyduu en iyi
iktisadi sistem olup olmad tartlmaktadr.
A) Avrupa Birliinin, zellikle Afrikadaki az gelimi

lkelere yardm edebilmek iin, mali yardm, daha ak ticaret kolaylklar ve daha uygun vize
koullar sunmas gerekir.
B) Bugn tartlan konu, tm kusurlarna ramen,

kapitalizmin, insann imdiye kadar icat ettii en
iyi iktisadi sistem olup olmaddr.
B) Avrupa Birlii, az gelimi lkelere, zellikle Afrikadakilere, mali yardm, daha ak ticaret dzenlemeleri ve daha kolay vize koullar sunarak
yardm edebilir.
C) Eksiklikleri de olsa, insanln bugn ortaya koyduu en iyi iktisadi sistemin, kapitalizm olup olmad hl tartlmaktadr.
C) Az gelimi lkelere mali yardm, daha ak ticaret olanaklar ve daha rahat vize kolaylklar sunan Avrupa Birlii, zellikle Afrikadaki lkelere
yardm edebilir.
D) nsann imdiye kadar yaratt en iyi iktisadi sistem olan kapitalizmin kusurlar, bugn tartma
konusudur.
E) nsanln bugne kadar yaratt en iyi iktisadi
sistem olmasna ramen, kapitalizmin aksaklklar gnmzde tartlmaktadr.
D) Avrupa Birliinin, az gelimi ve zellikle Afrikadaki lkelere yardm edebilmesi iin, mali
yardm ve daha ak ticaret koullarnn yan
sra, daha uygun vize kolaylklar da sunmas
gerekir.
E) Avrupa Birliinin az gelimi lkelere ve zellikle
Afrika lkelerine yapaca yardmlar, mali yardm, daha ak ticaret koullar ve daha uygun
vize kolaylklar olabilir.
A
43. Kafkaslar, 1991de Sovyetler Birliinin knden arta kalm birok iten ie kaynayan atmay barndrmaktadr.

A) After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the

Caucasus has become an area with various
simmering conflicts.
41. Ekonomik kalknma gibi, siyasi barklk, Afganistan iin zmn gerekten bir paras olmak
zorundadr.
A) Political reconciliation, just like economic
development, must indeed be regarded as a final
settlement in Afghanistan.
B) Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in

1991, there have emerged various tensions in
the Caucasus ready to explode into conflicts.
B) Not only economic development but also political

reconciliation has really to be the ultimate
settlement in Afghanistan.
C) The Caucasus harbours several simmering

conflicts left after the collapse of the Soviet
Union in 1991.
C) It is essential that, in addition to economic

development, political reconciliation must in fact
be considered for a lasting solution in
Afghanistan.
D) It is in the Caucasus that, following the fall of the

Soviet Union in 1991, a number of issues have
risen, ready to explode into conflicts.
E) Several regional conflicts have risen in the
Caucasus since the collapse of the Soviet Union
in 1991.
D) As part of a lasting solution in Afghanistan,

political reconciliation as well as economic
development must indeed be taken into
consideration.
E) Like economic development, political
reconciliation does indeed need to be part of the
solution for Afghanistan.
44. Shakespeare, her ne kadar tm yaratclk enerjisini ncelikle sahneye odaklam olsa da, kendisi
ayn zamanda ann en nde gelen lirik airi idi.
42. Zimbabveden, insanlarn alktan lmeye baladklarna ilikin yrek paralayc haberler szmaktadr.
A) Even if Shakespeares creative energy was

primarily focused on the stage, he was indeed
the most admired lyric poet of the period.
A) Heart-rending news has been filtering out from

Zimbabwe that the people are starting to die of
starvation.
B) For Shakespeare, the stage was the focus of his

creative energy, but he was also a leading lyric
poet of his time.
B) One gets heart-rending news out of Zimbabwe

that the people there are dying of starvation.
C) The news out of Zimbabwe that people are about
to die of starvation is heart-rending.
C) It was on the stage that Shakespeare mainly

focused his creative energy, even though he was
regarded as the most eminent lyric poet of the
period.
D) The heart-rending news that has been leaked

out of Zimbabwe is that people have been dying
of starvation.
D) Shakespeare was the most respected lyric poet

of his age, although his creative energy was
mainly focused on the stage.
E) The news that the people in Zimbabwe have

been dying of starvation is extremely heartrending.
E) Although Shakespeare focused all his creative

energy primarily on the stage, he was as well the
foremost lyric poet of his age.
A
45. Son yllarda, tarihiler, st snflar ve onlarn siyasi atmalarna ilikin yklere daha az, ancak
alt snf insanlarnn yaamlarn biimlendiren iktisadi ve toplumsal glere daha ok vurgu yapmlardr.
46. Most foreign tourists visiting London come to see
the Houses of Parliament. This monumental
Gothic building on the River Thames is probably
Britains best-known landmark. Indeed, the
people who come to visit it may know very little
and care even less about what happens inside,
but they appreciate the place as one of the
greatest achievements of nineteenth-century art.
----. Indeed, the Parliament is a magnificent
building.
A) In recent years, historians have emphasized

more the economic and social forces that have
an impact on the lives of lower-class people, but
less the stories about upper-class political
confrontations.
B) Stories about the upper classes and their
political differences have not received much
emphasis from historians in recent years, while
more emphasis has been put on the economic
and social developments that have affected the
lives of lower-class people.
A) Before the Norman Conquest in 1066, King

Edward the Confessor established his palace on
the site
C) The economic and social factors that shape the

lives of lower-class people have often been
emphasized by historians in recent years, since
stories about the upper classes and their political
quarrels no longer receive any attention.
B) Also, most of those who work daily in the

building remain awed by its artistic power
C) The disaster of the great fire of 1834 destroyed
much of the medieval palace
D) In recent years, historians have placed less

emphasis on stories about the upper classes and
their political conflicts, but more on the economic
and social forces that shape the lives of lowerclass people.
D) For security reasons, the Houses of Parliament

can no longer be viewed by the general public
E) The word parliament derives from the French
word parler, which means to speak or to talk
E) In recent years, historians emphasis on the

economic and social developments that have
shaped the lives of lower-class people rather
than on the stories of upper-class political
conflicts has received much attention.
47. At the start of the twentieth century, Britain was

still the greatest world power. By the middle of
the century, although still one of the Big Three,
Britain was clearly weaker than both the United
States and the Soviet Union. ----. Its power had
ended as quickly as Spains had done in the
seventeenth century. One reason for this sudden
decline of Britain was the cost and effort of two
world wars.
A) Indeed, by the end of the 1970s, Britain was no
longer even among the richest European powers
B) In electronics and technology, Britain is still a
world competitor
C) No one doubts that Britain is living in an age of
uncertainty
D) But the most important reason was the basic
weaknesses in Britains industrial power
E) The discovery of oil in the North Sea has given
Britain a great deal of economic advantage
A
50. Around 1550, the Renaissance in Italy began to
decline. The causes of this decline were varied.
----. The French King Charles VIII viewed Italy as
an attractive target for his expansive dynastic
ambitions. In 1494, he led an army of thirty
thousand well-trained troops across the Alps to
press his claims to the Duchy of Milan and the
Kingdom of Naples.
48. During World War II, the Allies had started to

think of ways in which a new world order could
replace the failed League of Nations. Even before
it joined the war against Germany and its allies,
the US had agreed on an Atlantic Charter with
Britain. The basis of this new charter was US
President Roosevelts Four Freedoms: freedom
of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from
fear, and freedom from want. At the end of the
war, the victorious Allies created the United
Nations, which expressed the ideas of the
Atlantic Charter. ----.
A) The French invasion of 1494 and the incessant

warfare that ensued was one of the major factors
B) Renaissance humanists were primarily
interested in the study of classical texts
A) In the early 1960s, Britain was increasingly

interested in joining the newly-formed European
Community
C) To the Italian political disasters was added a

waning of Italian prosperity
B) In 1948, the Soviet Union tried to capture West

Berlin by stopping all road and rail traffic to it
D) As Italian wealth diminished, there was less and

less of a surplus to support artistic endeavours
C) Thus, they hoped that the success of the

wartime alliance could be carried into peacetime
E) Italys virtual monopoly of trade with Asia in the

fifteenth century had been an economic support
for the Italian Renaissance
D) All these military and scientific developments

drew Britain more closely to the US
E) During the post-war period, Britain was seriously
concerned about the danger from the Soviet
Union
51. Our knowledge of the Celts in Britain is slight. As

with previous groups of settlers, we do not even
know for certain whether the Celts invaded
Britain or came peacefully as a result of the lively
trade with Europe from about 750 B.C. onwards.
At first, most of Celtic Britain seems to have
developed in a generally similar way. ----.
Consequently, this fall led to serious economic
and political differences between the Celts of
southeast Britain and those of the northwest.
49. Little is known about the life of women in the

Middle Ages, but without doubt it was hard. ----. It
also spread two very different ideas about
women. So, on the one hand, women were
regarded as pure and holy, while, on the other,
they could not be trusted and were a moral
danger to men. Such religious teaching led men
both to worship and also to look down on women.
A) It is unlikely that love played much of a part in
most marriages
A) The Celts were joined by new arrivals from the

European mainland
B) Marriage was always the single most important

event in the lives of medieval men and women
B) The Celtic tribes continued the same kind of

agriculture as the Bronze Age people before
them
C) This was because by marriage a family could

improve its wealth and social position
C) The Celts knew how to work with iron and could

make a variety of weapons
D) The Church taught that women were always to

obey their husbands
D) But from about 500 B.C., trade contact with

Europe declined
E) Once married, a woman had to accept her

husband as her master
E) During the Celtic period, women may have

played an important role in political life
A
53. As a highly respected economist, you have been
invited by a group of businessmen to give a talk
on the current global crisis. However, on the very
day you are expected to speak, you are taken ill,
and, upset about missing such a chance, you call
the organizers and say:
52. 57. sorularda, verilen durumda

sylenmi olabilecek sz bulunuz.
52. A young colleague of yours is worried that the
proposal for a paper he has submitted to the
scientific committee of an international
conference may be rejected due to his lack of
advanced research experience. As a senior
colleague, well aware of his research capacity
and seriousness of purpose, you wish to cheer
him up and encourage him by saying:
A) Frankly, I have already decided to cancel the talk

that you wished me to give on the current
consequences of the global crisis.
B) Although I am not feeling well today, I would
really like to take this opportunity and discuss
with you the effects of the economic problems
that the world is currently facing.
A) I told you that your paper needs to be

extensively revised. You may be good at
research, but your arguments in the paper are
extremely controversial.
C) Let me first express my apologies for cancelling

the talk which I am expected to give today on the
global impact of the current economic crisis.
B) I know how a scientific committee reaches a

decision. Chances are slim for your paper to be
accepted as it is hardly based on sound
research.
D) This is to inform you that, due to my prolonged

poor health, I am not going to make my speech
today on the global effects of the economic
crisis.
C) Relax. Though you havent got much experience

in research, you are a promising scientist, and I
am sure they will take that into consideration.
E) Unfortunately, I am not well at all. I would like to

convey my apologies for not being able to share
my thoughts with you all on the problems
affecting the world today.
D) It is too early for someone like you to be

welcomed as a speaker at an international
conference. You need to show your seriousness
of purpose in your studies.
E) As far as I am concerned, you should never have
submitted your proposal because I know your
research for this paper has been very limited.
54. You are the moderator at a panel on tax reform.

The discussion has drifted into a debate on the
question of whether indirect taxation needs to be
abolished altogether. You feel that, instead of
narrowing the panel down to a single issue, the
speakers should deal with various other issues
that are related to taxation and tax reform in
general. So you turn to the speakers and say:
A) I think we have to look at tax reform from various
angles. So I would like you to discuss many
different aspects of the subject rather than focus
only on one aspect.
B) I can see that youll never reach an agreement
on tax reform. In this case, there is no use in
discussing indirect taxation.
C) I am glad to point out that each speaker has
dealt with tax reform in detail and come up with a
wide range of recommendations that need to be
taken into consideration.
D) We all know that indirect taxation is widely
practised in the world, and so it is important that
this taxation must be looked at from different
angles.
E) All this time, no speaker has yet addressed the
problem of indirect taxation. So I would urge
every speaker to discuss how this form of
taxation can best be reformed.
10
A
55. As the head of the department, you have recently
noticed that a junior staff member is often late for
work. So you wish to find out why and send for
him. In talking to him politely, you say:
A) I have warned you several times, and you still
continue to come late. This is a serious offence
that can never be tolerated. So be careful.
B) You know very well that you are always late for
work and that this is intolerable. Let me warn you
once again, and if you insist on being late, Ill
have to take disciplinary action against you.
C) I am sure you are aware that it has almost
become a habit with you not to get to the office
on time. I wonder whether there is something
that prevents you from being punctual.
56. A friend of yours, who you think is a fully

qualified accountant, has applied for a vacancy in
a company, but his application has been turned
down by the Human Resources Department of the
company. You are surprised. So, on his behalf,
you call the director of the department, tell him
about this unexpected decision, and ask him
politely for an explanation:
A) I didnt expect that my friend would be rejected
by your company, since, in my opinion,
professionally he is perfect, so I would be
grateful if you could kindly give me your reasons
for his rejection.
B) It is clear that you are biased against my friend,
who is a good accountant, and so I want you to
tell me frankly why he was not accepted.
D) Ive been informed by some of your colleagues

that every day you seem to be late for work. So I
sent for you to talk it over and warn you once
again.
C) Your rejection of my friends application to your

company is absolutely unfair, since he is the best
accountant I have ever known. So I need to
know your reasons why he was not accepted.
E) Every day, you apologize for being late for work.

I dont find your excuses very convincing. Unless
you show up on time from now on, youll be fired
right away.
D) Contrary to my expectations, my friend, who is a

professional accountant, has been rejected
unfairly by your company. Give me a full account
of your reasons for his rejection.
E) I am extremely upset that you have turned down
my friends application for a job in your company.
Now I want you to tell me in detail why he failed
to qualify.
11
A
57. At a literary gathering, you are introduced to a
famous and popular novelist whose works you
have always read with great pleasure. You wish
to express your admiration for his writing and say
to him:
A) I am really very impressed by the popularity you
have earned through your novels, some of which
I find enjoyable.
B) I know your novels are very popular, but in
reading them I sometimes feel that some
chapters need to be revised.
59. (I) By the fall of 1933, Germany had become a oneparty state. (II) Soon afterward, the socialist and
communist left were crushed by the Nazi regime.
(III) Almost all non-Nazi organizations were either
abolished or forced to become part of the Nazi
system. (IV) At the same time, party propaganda
sought to impress citizens with the regimes ideology.
(V) In fact, the 1928 election in Germany was a
turning point for the Nazis.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
C) Because your novels have always been admired

by the public, you must be very pleased and feel
encouraged for better writing.
D) It has always been my wish to meet you, since
your novels are most admired by the public.
E) I would like to tell you how enormously I have
always enjoyed reading your novels, which I
believe are great works of literature.
60. (I) The social unrest of the Sixties was international.

(II) Its roots lay in the political struggles and social
transformations of the postwar period. (III) Mass
culture made its most powerful impact in the visual
world, especially through film. (IV) Of these, the most
important were the anticolonial and civil rights
movements. (V) Especially, anticolonial movements
reflected a growing racial consciousness and also
helped to encourage that consciousness.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
cmleyi bulunuz.
58. (I) Towards the end of the eighteenth century, a vast
cultural movement began to sweep across Europe.
(II) Within the Romantic movement, a group of
composers were inspired by new ideas about
national identity. (III) The movement, known as
Romanticism, called into question many of the
principles of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment.
(IV) In other words, the Romantics began to question
human reason and the uniformity of human nature.
(V) Moreover, they emphasized the diversity of
humanity, and the importance of spontaneity,
creativity, emotion and passion.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
61. (I) Columbus was not the first European to set foot on
the American continents. (II) Viking sailors had
reached and briefly settled present-day
Newfoundland and perhaps New England around the
year 1000. (III) But knowledge of these Viking
landings had been forgotten throughout Europe for
hundreds of years. (IV) It would not be right,
therefore, to deny Columbus credit for his
accomplishments. (V) In fact, Columbus brought back
no Asian spices from his voyages.
A) I
E) V
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
12
A
62. (I) In 1960, the leading Middle Eastern, African, and
Latin American oil producers banded together in a
cartel, forming the Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries (OPEC). (II) By the late 1970s, in
the aftermath of two Arab-Israeli wars, it appeared
that a generation of fighting might come to an end.
(III) The aim of this body was primarily to regulate the
production and pricing of crude oil. (IV) So, in the
following decades, it has played a leading role in the
global economy. (V) Its policies have essentially
reflected the desire to derive maximum profit from oil
production.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

64. In the 19th century, Afghanistan became a
battleground in the rivalry between Britain and
Russia for control of Central Asia.
A) During the 19th century, the invasion of
Afghanistan by Britain and Russia led to serious
hostilities in Central Asia.
B) It was in the 19th century that there emerged
hostilities between Britain and Russia in
Afghanistan, since Central Asia was important
for them.
C) In the 19th century, both Britain and Russia got
into a fierce conflict with each other in
Afghanistan in order to dominate Central Asia.
D) Throughout the 19th century, the hostilities
between Britain and Russia in Afghanistan were
essentially for the possession of Central Asia.
E) In the 19th century, Central Asia was so
important for Britain and Russia that they first
tried to conquer Afghanistan.
63. (I) The legacies of colonialism weighed heavily on

sub-Saharan Africa. (II) Most of the continents
former colonies came into their independence after
World War II, with their basic infrastructures
deteriorating after decades of imperial negligence.
(III) The Cold War decades brought scant
improvement, as governments across the continent
were plagued by corruption, poverty and civil war.
(IV) By the end of the twentieth century, East Asia
had become a centre of industrial and manufacturing
production. (V) Moreover, during the Cold War, these
postcolonial states often became the very ground on
which the superpower struggle was waged.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
65. Spanish efforts to recover Gibraltar culminated in

a referendum in 1967, in which the residents
voted overwhelmingly to retain their link with
Britain.
A) Although Spains aim had always been to annex
Gibraltar, it was made clear in a referendum in
1967 that the people preferred British rule.
B) Spain had always tried hard to reclaim Gibraltar
from Britain; however, in a referendum held in
1967, the people of Gibraltar decided by a great
majority to stay with Britain.
C) A referendum in 1967 showed that, despite
Spains attempts to annex Gibraltar, in fact the
people favoured Britain.
D) Spains attempts to reconquer Gibraltar failed in
1967 when the people of Gibraltar held a
referendum, and showed their loyalty to Britain.
E) In a referendum in 1967, the people of Gibraltar
rejected Spains claim of annexation, and voted
in favour of Britain.
13
A
68. Although Senegal is neither a large nor a
strategically-located country, it has nonetheless
played a prominent role in African politics since
its independence.
66. A drug may affect several functions, even though

its targeted at only one.
A) While a drug may be used for various functions,
it becomes effective only if it is taken for a
specific function.
A) Senegal is a small African country with no

strategic importance; however, ever since it
gained independence, it has always been in the
forefront of African politics.
B) Despite various other uses, a drug usually has a

function for a special effect.
C) The functions expected of a drug are various
even if it is used for a specific disease.
B) As a minor but strategically significant country,

Senegal has been very active in the politics of
Africa since its independence.
D) However effective a drug may be, its functions

have to be several.
C) Once Senegal, which is a major African country

with some strategic importance, gained its
independence, it began to pay much attention to
political developments in Africa at large.
E) A drug is taken for a specific purpose, but it may

have a range of other effects.
D) Despite the fact that Senegal has had much

importance in African politics since its
independence, its strategic position has been of
no significance.
E) As an African country, Senegal is so small that it
has little strategic importance, and its
involvement in African politics has not been
notable ever since it gained independence.
69. While the world has been distracted by Iraq and

Afghanistan, Iran has come closer to the point
where it could build an atomic bomb.
67. What is certain is that Azerbaijans oil-fired

economy has been booming in recent years.
A) Although Azerbaijans economy is largely
dependent on oil, in recent years it has entered a
period of recession.
B) There is no doubt that, over the past few years,
Azerbaijans economy, which thrives entirely on
oil, has been growing fast.
A) Contrary to Iraq and Afghanistan, both of which

have been the object of international attention,
Iran has upgraded its capacity to develop more
nuclear arms.
B) Both Iraq and Afghanistan continue to preoccupy
the world, which has remained indifferent to
Irans attempts to produce new weapons.
C) Since Azerbaijans economic prosperity is

related to oil, there has been some minor
improvement lately.
C) In developing nuclear arms, Iran pays no

attention to international reactions, since the
world is wholly concerned with issues in Iraq and
Afghanistan.
D) It is only in recent years that, because of its oil,

Azerbaijan has experienced some economic
progress.
E) Over the past few years, due to an increase in its
oil output, Azerbaijans economy has become
much stronger.
D) Because the worlds attention has been drawn

completely to Iraq and Afghanistan, Iran has in
the meantime made much progress towards the
development of an atomic bomb.
E) It is true that Iran has made some advances in
developing nuclear weapons, while the
circumstances in Iraq and Afghanistan continue
to draw international attention.
14
A
71. Judy :
- What do you know about John Stuart Mill?

Tom :
- As far as I can recall, he was the most
committed and influential defender of personal
liberty in Victorian Britain in the 19th century.
70. Richard :
- Ive been reading about the ancient Egyptians
lately.
Judy :
- ----
Antony :
- How interesting! Anything particularly drawing
your attention?
Tom :
- Indeed, he was. He wrote many essays on
womens political rights.
Richard :
- It is claimed by some linguists that the early
Egyptian language might represent the survival
of a root language from which the other
languages of the Afro-Asiatic group evolved in
the past.
A) Agreed. In his On Liberty, he defended individual

freedom in the face of the state and the tyranny
of the majority.
B) I know his On Liberty became one of the defining
texts of Western liberalism.
Antony :
- ----
C) He strongly argued that human freedom was

essential to social progress.
A) Possible. In fact, the language of the ancient

Egyptians has for long been a matter of debate
among linguists.
D) Yet, for me, more importantly, he was a

dedicated supporter of suffrage for women.
B) Actually, as you may remember, the first known

permanent settlement in Egypt dates back to
approximately 4750 B.C.
E) Historically, the Reform Bill of 1867 in Britain

marked the high point of British liberalism.
C) You know that the patterns of development in

ancient Egypt differed greatly from those of the
Sumerians in Mesopotamia.
D) It is true that, due to the Nile, ancient Egypt was
able to forge a cultural and political unity.
E) You must recall that the Egyptian system of
pictographic writing, called hieroglyphs, has
always fascinated modern scholars.
15
A
72. John :
- By the way, can you tell me what the expression
the scramble for Africa means?
Harry :
- Oh, I thought you knew it, since you are
seriously interested in the history of Africa.
73. Liz :
- I am puzzled about why declining birth rates in
the West have been accompanied by growing
populations of older adults.
Susan :
- You are right. Actually, it is a very complicated
issue, and there is a wide range of reasons for
it.
John :
- ----
Liz :
- ----
Harry :
- Well, it is about the colonization of Africa. It
indicates the scope and speed with which the
major European powers, excited by stories of
rubber forests and rich diamond mines,
conquered and colonized Africa in the 19th
century.
Susan :
- I dont know where to start. I think one obvious
reason is improved standards of health care.
A) Thank you so much. Ill take your advice and do
some research on the subject.
A) For instance, I know that in 1884 a conference,

attended by the representatives of the European
colonial powers, was held in Berlin to settle the
matter of control over the Congo River basin.
B) Exactly. You can perhaps outline some of them

for me.
C) I believe a new type of demographic crisis
different from this confronts Western
governments.
B) It has been pointed out that by the 1830s the

French had created a general government of
their possessions in Algeria.
D) One can definitely see that globalization has a

serious impact on the worlds population.
C) I am afraid I dont. I came across it in an article I

was reading yesterday. There was no
explanation given.
E) Especially Asias population as a whole has

increased nearly four times over since 1900.
D) Actually, the colonial powers partition of Africa in

the 19th century was the most striking instance of
European imperialism.
E) According to some eyewitness reports, in the
colonies, Africans worked in appalling conditions,
with no medicine or sanitation and too little food.
16
A
74. Harriet :
- I am writing an article about the Cold War
period. There is a great deal of material I have to
deal with.
75. Isabel :
- Here is an interesting article on Byzantine
learning. Have you seen it?
Fred :
- Let me have a look. No, I havent, but it does
seem interesting.
Ares :
- I suggest you focus on a specific topic rather
than giving a general account.
Isabel :
- ----
Harriet :
- ---Ares :
- So, your article will, I am sure, arouse a great
deal of interest in academic and political circles.
Fred :
- Well, we know from history that, in education,
Byzantine schools based their instruction on
classical Greek literature.
A) Right. I will demonstrate how the Cold War has

given way to more complex global relations.
A) In fact, Byzantine achievements in art and

architecture have always been admired.
B) You know the Eastern European revolutions of

1989 brought about the collapse of the Soviet
Union.
B) Evidently, Byzantine scholars were very

interested in the politics of ancient Greece.
C) Especially the Soviet Unions increasingly severe

domestic problems led to mounting protests in
Russia in 1991.
D) Everyone knows that the Iron Curtain had
established one of the most rigid borders in
European history.
C) As it has been argued by most historians,

religion dominated Byzantine life.
D) One can point out that inventiveness was highly
prized in Byzantine culture.
E) It gives a full account of the Byzantine interest in
classical Greek literature.
E) In my opinion, since the end of the Cold War,

adapting to change has been difficult throughout
Eastern Europe.
17
A
77. It is pointed out in the passage that the changes
that took place in Tudor England ----.

cevaplaynz.
The 16th century in England is generally known as the
Tudor period, which historically lasted from 1485 to
1603. Among the famous Tudor sovereigns were
Henry VII, Henry VIII, and Elizabeth I. In fact, the
early years of the Tudor period were marked by
significant changes in trade and in the arts of war.
Henry VII made commercial treaties with European
countries. Economically, England, which had always
been a sheep-raising country, was by now
manufacturing and exporting significant amounts of
cloth. As lands were enclosed to permit grazing on a
larger scale, people were driven off the land to the
cities, and London grew into a metropolitan market
with sophisticated commercial institutions. These
changes had an impact on the traditional feudal
social order, which also began to decline; also, due to
the introduction of cannons and firearms, the feudal
system of warfare became obsolete. Yet, it would be
a mistake to imagine these changes as sudden and
dramatic. In fact, it was a slow and long process
whereby England was transformed into a modern
state.
A) were fundamentally inspired by the social and

economic developments already being
witnessed in Europe
B) had far-reaching effects on social and economic
life
C) were mainly confined to social life and improved
the efficiency of the feudal social order
D) initially resulted from a revision of the traditional
arts of war that had depended on the use of
cannons and firearms
E) greatly reduced all the political and legal powers
that English sovereigns had traditionally enjoyed
and used

Tudor dynasty in England ----.
76. According to the passage, it was during the

Tudor period that ----.
A) Englands overseas trade was adversely affected
by ongoing wars in Europe
A) was best represented by Henry VIII, who

followed a policy of friendship with other
countries
B) introduced a number of military reforms in order
to build the strongest army in Europe
B) feudalism in England was further strengthened

C) Englands exports to European countries were
significantly in decline
C) focused its main attention on the improvement of

agriculture in the country
D) sheep-raising was introduced into England,

which had large areas of grazing
D) was represented by powerful sovereigns, who

played a leading role in European politics
E) London was transformed into a major trade

centre
E) came to power in the late fifteenth century and

ruled the country over a century
18
A
80. On the basis of the passage, one can state that,
during the Tudor period, England ----.
79. It is clear from the passage that, due to

developments in cloth-making in Tudor England,
----.
A) earned large amounts of revenue from its

exports
A) most farming lands were turned into grazing

fields for the sheep
B) took little interest in the affairs of continental

Europe
B) English merchants began to look for new

markets in order to export more goods
C) experienced a long process of social and

economic transformation
C) rural people gave up farming and migrated to

London in search of employment
D) emerged as a major sheep-raising country in

Europe
D) the economic prosperity of the people increased

enormously
E) remained totally indifferent to the economic and

political changes in Europe
E) many cities, including London, competed with

each other for economic prosperity
19
A
82. According to the passage, the first industrial
revolution ----.

cevaplaynz.
In the last third of the 19th century, new technologies
transformed the face of manufacturing in Europe,
leading to new levels of economic growth and
complex realignments among industry, labour and
national governments. Like Europes first industrial
revolution, which began in the late 18th century and
centred on coal, steam and iron, this second
industrial revolution relied on innovation in three key
areas: steel, electricity, and chemicals. For instance,
steel, which was harder, stronger and more malleable
than iron, had long been used as a construction
material. But until the mid-nineteenth century,
producing steel cheaply and in large quantities was
impossible. That changed between the 1850s and
1870s, as new and different processes for refining
and mass-producing alloy steel revolutionized the
metallurgical industry. Although iron did not
disappear overnight, it was soon eclipsed by soaring
steel production. So, steel began to be used for
various purposes. In Britain, for example,
shipbuilders made a quick and profitable switch to
steel construction, and thus kept their lead in the
industry. Germany and the US, however, dominated
the rest of the steel industry. By 1901, Germany was
producing almost half as much steel as Britain and
was able to build a massive national and industrial
infrastructure.
A) caused so much labour unrest in Europe that the

steel industry did not develop adequately
B) came into being during the later decades of the
eighteenth century
C) originally began in Britain and, then, spread to
Germany and other European countries
D) led to the manufacture of a wide variety of
goods, ranging from construction materials to
chemicals
E) did not last long, since it did not lead to the
development of new technologies
83. One understands from the passage that, before

the mid-nineteenth century, ----.
81. It is stated in the passage that, in the late
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, ----.
A) steel production had been costly and did not

amount to much quantity
A) the steel industry in Europe surpassed all the

other industries, including those of electricity and
chemicals
B) the second industrial revolution had spread all

over Europe
B) governments in Britain and Germany took severe

measures to prevent radical labour movements
C) Germany and Britain had been in fierce

competition in developing shipbuilding
technologies
C) the US produced so much steel that it began to

manipulate the world steel market
D) Germany and the US collaborated against Britain

for research in chemistry
D) Britains use of steel in the shipbuilding industry

strengthened its dominant position in this sector
E) the manufacturing industry in Europe had

benefited a great deal from new technologies
E) the use of iron and steel as construction

materials was wholly confined to shipbuilding
20
A
85. It is suggested in the passage that, in the
nineteenth century, innovative developments in
the areas of steel, electricity, and chemicals ----.
84. According to the passage, in the second half of

the nineteenth century, the metallurgical industry
underwent a radical transformation ----.
A) led to a lasting rivalry in shipping between

Germany and Britain
A) although some countries, like Germany and the

US, were still using obsolete methods of
production
B) turned Germany into the strongest and most

prosperous country in Europe
B) due to Germanys lead in the development of

new steel production technologies
C) brought about the second industrial revolution
C) because Britains shipbuilders had discovered

new ways to build bigger but less expensive
ships
D) greatly contributed to the improvement of

Britains infrastructure
E) became the main concern of national
governments in Europe
D) when alloy steel began to be refined and massproduced through the introduction of innovative
processes
E) owing to new discoveries and technological
progress in the fields of electricity and chemistry
21
A
87. It is pointed out in the passage that not every
politician in Britain ----.

cevaplaynz.
In 1764, there was a serious quarrel over taxation
between the British government and its colonies in
America. The British government continued to think
of the colonists as British subjects. In 1700, there had
been only 200.000 colonists, but by 1770 this number
rose to 2.5 million. Obviously, such large numbers
needed to be dealt with carefully. Some American
colonists decided that it was not lawful for the British
government to tax them without their agreement.
Political opinion in Britain was divided. Some felt that
the tax was fair because the money would be used to
pay for the defence of the American colonies against
French attack. But several important politicians
agreed with the colonists that there should be no
taxation without representation. Hence, in 1773, at
the port of Boston, a group of colonists threw a
shipload of tea into the sea rather than pay tax on it.
The event became known as the Boston Tea Party.
The British government responded by closing the
port. But the colonists then decided to prevent British
goods from entering America until the port was
opened again. The colonists action was regarded as
a rebellion, and the British government decided to
defeat it by force. Thus, the American War of
Independence got underway. The war lasted from
1775 until 1783. The British government had no
respect for the colonists fighting ability. The result
was a disastrous defeat for the British forces. At the
end of the war, Britain lost all the American colonies
except Canada.
A) supported the British governments decision to

tax the American colonists against their will
B) believed that the French would dare to invade
the American colonies
C) agreed that the Boston Tea Party jeopardized
trade with the colonies
D) was convinced that the British forces in America
were strong enough to defeat the colonists
E) was of the opinion that the American colonists
would ever dream of independence
88. It is stated in the passage that, within a period of

almost three quarters of a century, ----.
86. It is clear from the passage that, since the

American colonists were not represented in the
British Parliament, ----.
A) Britain and France got into a fierce competition in

order to colonize a very large part of America
A) some politicians argued that Boston should be

exempted from all kinds of taxation
B) Britain lost the war against the American

colonies and had to grant their independence
B) they refused to pay the tax required of them by

the British government
C) Canada grew demographically well ahead of the

other American colonies
C) it was much easier for them to start a war of

independence against Britain
D) Britains trade with the American colonies

reached a level well above all expectations
D) they did not have a standing army and,

therefore, were unable to defeat the British
forces
E) the population of the American colonies

increased to more than ten times the original
number
E) they were not subject to the laws of Britain and

felt free to take action against Britain
22
A
90. It is stressed in the passage that, for the British
government, ----.
89. One understands from the passage that, because

of the tax crisis, ----.
A) the port of Boston was of vital political

importance for relations with the American
colonies
A) the American colonists imposed sanctions on

British goods
B) the port of Boston was closed for over half a
century
B) the political representation of the American

colonies was fully dependent on their payment of
taxes
C) Britain took urgent precautions in order to

increase its military capacity in America
C) Frances political aims in America had to be

countered by the colonies themselves
D) the import of tea into the American colonies

came under the British monopoly
D) the people living in the American colonies were

always considered to be British subjects
E) France expressed its willingness to aid the

American colonies against Britain
E) a defence agreement with the American colonies

had to be reached urgently against France
23
A
92. It is pointed out in the passage that, although in
its lower course the Mississippi looks quiet and
harmless, ----.

cevaplaynz.
The Mississippi is one of the worlds great continental
rivers, like the Amazon in South America, the Congo
in Africa, or the Volga in Europe. Its waters are
gathered from two-thirds of the US and, together with
the Missouri, which is its chief western branch, the
Mississippi flows some 6.400 kilometres from its
northern sources in the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf
of Mexico, which makes it one of the worlds longest
waterways. The Mississippi has been called the
father of waters. Through all its lower course, it
wanders along, appearing lazy and harmless. But
people who know the river are not deceived by its
benign appearance, for they have had many bitter
struggles with its floods. They have had to learn that
nothing is to be gained by fighting against the rages
of the mighty stream. To control it, Americans have
had to accept some of the rivers own terms and to
undertake the patient work of conserving and
rebuilding soil, grasslands and forests, far back
where the waters begin to gather.
A) most people believe that it may one day overflow

its banks
B) the people living along it are not aware of this
C) actually it has caused much devastation
D) people have always been indifferent to the
threats it poses
E) in its upper course it is extremely violent and
destructive
93. In the passage, attention is drawn to the fact that

the Mississippis waters can best be controlled
----.
91. It is clear from the passage that the sources of

the Mississippis waters ----.
A) are so limited that the river seldom causes
flooding along its banks
A) if environmental measures are taken around its

northern sources
B) are not as many as those of other continental

rivers in the world
B) so long as its northern sources are definitely

identified
C) need to be conserved to protect the river from

environmental pollution
C) provided that Americans know how to struggle

with them
D) are spread over a great part of the US
D) only if the people living along its course are

evacuated
E) cannot be ascertained, since the Rocky

Mountains have not been explored fully
E) in the same way that the worlds other big rivers

have been controlled
24
A
95. It is suggested in the passage that the American
people ----.

Mississippi ----.
A) have in the end learned how to get along with

the Mississippi
A) has far more branches for the gathering of its

waters than the Congo in Africa and the Volga in
Europe
B) always boast of having the worlds longest river

in their country
B) differs from the Amazon in South America and

the other continental rivers in the world largely
because its waters are much shallower
C) have a very strong sense of the environment

and, therefore, conserve their forests
C) is far more navigable than the other continental

rivers in the world and, therefore, becomes a
commercially profitable waterway in the US
D) think that, without the Missouri, the Mississippi

would have been just a mere stream
E) regard the Mississippi as the father of waters
because it is fully navigable
D) flows so fast throughout its course that, despite

the long distance, it does not take long for its
waters to get to the Gulf of Mexico
E) cuts across the US from the Rocky Mountains in
the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south
25
A
97. According to the passage, the discovery of Earthlike settings in other parts of the universe ----.

cevaplaynz.
The Copernican revolution began over 500 years ago
with the realization that the Earth was not the centre
of the universe, but we still await its grand finale: the
anticipated discovery of life elsewhere. Where else
might we find life? The vast scale of the universe
makes it virtually certain that there are other Earthlike settings. In our own solar system, Marss
distance from the Sun makes it sufficiently Earth-like;
so, especially with increasing evidence for occasional
liquid water, many are looking there for the first signs
of extraterrestrial life. Recently, however, a new
contender has emerged, and surprisingly it is from
the cold outer solar system: it is Jupiters moon
Europa. As one of the four satellites of Jupiter,
discovered by Galileo in 1610, Europa is now
believed to have water in a liquid state, even though
it is so far from the Sun. Thus, the possibility of liquid
water on Europa has opened the door to speculation
about life on this satellite of Jupiter.
A) is definitely out of question, since the universe is

extremely vast
B) would no longer make the Earth seem like the
only planet with life on it
C) seems possible, but it would be very costly and
dangerous to attempt it
D) has been an obsession for scientists ever since
the time of Copernicus
E) was what Galileo was primarily interested in in
the early seventeenth century
98. It is pointed out in the passage that, in recent

years, ----.
96. One clearly understands from the passage that,

until Copernicus in the sixteenth century, ----.
A) Mars had generally been regarded as the planet
with life on it
A) some scientists have come to regard

Copernicuss contribution to astronomy as
negligible
B) the search for life elsewhere in the solar system

had been futile
B) scientists have come to understand the reasons

for Galileos discovery of Europa
C) it had been commonly believed that the centre of

the universe was the Earth
C) astronomers have focused on an in-depth study

of the outer solar system
D) there had been many attempts to understand the

outer solar system
D) there has been much controversy about the

geological features of Mars
E) the planets in the solar system had all been

discovered and studied
E) it has been suggested that Jupiters moon

Europa may have liquid water on it
26
A
99. It is stated in the passage that currently Mars ----.
100. According to the passage, it is hoped that ----.
A) has been established as the only planet with a

vast amount of water under its surface
A) the amount of liquid water on Mars will be

sufficient for life on the planet
B) is being fully explored because, as a planet, it is

so close to the Earth
B) in the future only Europa will become mans new

home in the universe
C) has been partially studied, and so it still

maintains its mystery as a planet
C) one day Earth-like life will be discovered outside

our own planet
D) has been the main focus of the scientific search

for extraterrestrial life
D) living beings will be found on one of Jupiters

satellites
E) and Europa provide a great deal of evidence for

a better understanding of the solar system
E) the search for extraterrestrial life in the universe

will never be disrupted
TEST BTT.
27
SINAVDA UYULACAK KURALLAR

1. 2009-KPDS lkbahar Dnemi Snava Giri ve Kimlik
Belgesinin asl olmadan snava girilmesi yasaktr. Bu
belgenin fotokopisi veya faks ile de snava girilemeyecektir. Bu ekilde snava giren adaylarn snav iptal edilecektir.
2. Cep telefonu ile snava girmek kesinlikle yasaktr.
ar cihaz, telsiz vb. haberleme aralar ile cep bilgisayar, saat fonksiyonu dnda fonksiyonu olan
saat vb. her trl bilgisayar zellii bulunan cihazlarla; silah ve benzeri tehizatla; msvedde kd, defter, kitap, szlk, szlk ilevi olan elektronik aygt,
hesap cetveli, hesap makinesi, pergel, aler, cetvel vb. aralarla da girmek yasaktr. Bu aralarla snava girmi adaylar mutlaka Salon Snav Tutanana
yazlacak, bu adaylarn snavlar geersiz saylacaktr.
3. Bu snavda verilen toplam cevaplama sresi 180 dakikadr (3 saat). Snavn ilk 90 ve son 15 dakikas
iinde hibir aday dar karlmayacaktr. Cevaplamay sre bitmeden tamamlarsanz, cevap kdnz
ve soru kitapnz salon grevlilerine teslim ederek
salonu terk edebilirsiniz. Snav sresinin bittii ilan
edilip cevap ktlar ve soru kitapklar salon grevlileri tarafndan toplanncaya kadar yerlerinizde
kalnz.
4. Snav evrakn teslim ederek salonu terk eden aday,
her ne sebeple olursa olsun tekrar snava alnmayacaktr.
5. Snav sresince grevlilerle konumak ve soru sormak yasaktr. Ayn ekilde grevlilerin de adaylarla
yakndan ve alak sesle konumalar; ayrca, adaylarn birbirinden kalem, silgi vb. eyleri istemeleri kesinlikle yasaktr.
6. Snav srasnda kopya eken, ekmeye kalkan,
kopya veren, kopya yaplmasna yardm edenlerin
kimlikleri, Salon Snav Tutanana yazlacak ve bu
adaylarn snavlar geersiz saylacaktr. Grevliler
kopya ekmeye veya vermeye kalkanlar uyarmak
zorunda deildir, sorumluluk size aittir.
Adaylarn test sorularna verdikleri cevaplarn dalmlar bilgi ilem yntemleriyle incelenecek; bu incelemelerden elde edilen bulgular bireysel veya toplu
olarak kopya giriiminde bulunulduunu gsterirse,
kopya eylemine katlan adaylarn cevaplarnn bir ksm veya tamam iptal edilecektir. Cevap kdnz
bakalar tarafndan grlmeyecek ekilde tutmanz
gerekmektedir. Bu durum sizin iin son derece
nemlidir.
Snav grevlileri bir salondaki snavn, kurallara uygun biimde yaplmadn, toplu kopya giriiminde
bulunulduunu raporunda bildirdii takdirde, SYM
takdir hakkn kullanarak bu salonda snava giren
adaylarn tmnn snavn geersiz sayabilir.
7. Adaylar, grevlilerin her trl uyarlarna uymak zorundadr. Grevliler, gerektiinde oturduunuz yerleri
de deitirebilir. Snavnzn geerli saylmas, her
eyden nce snav kurallarna uymanza baldr.
Kurallara aykr davranta bulunanlarn ve yaplacak

uyarlara uymayanlarn kimlikleri tutanaa yazlacak
ve snavlar geersiz saylacaktr.
8. Cevap kdnda doldurmanz gereken alanlar bulunmaktadr. Bu alanlar eksiksiz doldurunuz. Cevap kdna yazlacak her trl yazda ve yaplacak btn
iaretlemelerde kurun kalem kullanlacaktr. Tkenmez kalem ve dolma kalem kesinlikle kullanlmayacaktr.
9. Cevaplarn cevap kdna iaretlenmi olmas gerekir. Soru kitapna iaretlenen cevaplar geerli deildir.
10. Soru kitapnz alr almaz, sayfalarn eksik olup
olmadn, kitapkta basm hatalarnn bulunup bulunmadn kontrol ediniz. Soru kitapnzn sayfas
eksik veya basm hatal ise deitirilmesi iin derhl
Salon Bakanna bavurunuz.
Soru kitapnda her sayfann tepesinde basl bulunan soru kitap trnn, kitapn n kapanda basl soru kitap tryle ayn olup olmadn
kontrol ediniz. Farkl olmas durumunda Salon Bakanndan yeni bir soru kitap isteyiniz. Soru kitapnzn trnn deiik olduunu daha sonra fark ederseniz, size o zamana kadar cevaplama yaptnz trden, hatasz bir soru kitap verilmesi iin Salon
Bakanna bavurunuz.
Cevap kdnzda, size verilen soru kitapnn
trn Soru Kitap Tr alannda ilgili yuvarla
doldurarak belirtiniz. Cevap kdnzda iaretlediiniz Soru Kitap Tr salon grevlileri tarafndan
snav ncesi kontrol edilerek paraflanacaktr. Sizin
iaretlediiniz ve salon grevlilerinin parafladklar
kitapk tr arasnda fark olmas hlinde salon
grevlilerinin parafladklar kitapk tr dikkate
alnacaktr.
11. Cevaplamaya gemeden nce size verilecek soru kitap zerinde ayrlan yere adnz, soyadnz, T.C.
Kimlik Numaranz ve bu salonun salon numarasn
yaznz. Snav sonunda soru kitapklar ile cevap
ktlar toplanacak ve SYMde tek tek incelenecektir. Soru kitapnzn bir tek sayfas bile eksik
karsa snavnz geersiz saylacaktr.
12. Soru kitapklarnn sayfalarndaki bo yerleri msvedde iin kullanabilirsiniz.
13. Snav sresince, grevliler dahil, salonda kimse sigara, pipo, puro vb. eyleri imeyecektir.
14. Sorular ve bu sorulara verdiiniz cevaplar ayr bir
kda yazp bu kd dar karmanz kesinlikle
yasaktr.
15. Snav salonundan ayrlmadan nce, soru kitapnz, cevap kdnz ve 2009-KPDS lkbahar
Dnemi Snava Giri ve Kimlik Belgenizi salon
grevlilerine teslim etmeyi unutmaynz.

03 MAYIS 2009
NGLZCE
A KTAPII
1. B
26. D
51. D
76. E
2. E
27. E
52. C
77. B
3. C
28. C
53. E
78. E
4. D
29. B
54. A
79. A
5. E
30. E
55. C
80. C
6. A
31. A
56. A
81. D
7. C
32. E
57. E
82. B
8. B
33. B
58. B
83. A
9. C
34. C
59. E
84. D
10. D
35. D
60. C
85. C
11. C
36. A
61. E
86. B
12. E
37. C
62. B
87. A
13. A
38. B
63. D
88. E
14. B
39. C
64. C
89. A
15. D
40. B
65. B
90. D
16. C
41. E
66. E
91. D
17. A
42. A
67. B
92. C
18. D
43. C
68. A
93. A
19. B
44. E
69. D
94. E
20. A
45. D
70. A
95. A
21. E
46. B
71. D
96. C
22. A
47. A
72. C
97. B
23. C
48. C
73. B
98. E
24. E
49. D
74. A
99. D
25. C
50. A
75. E
100. C
2009
November
SYM

RENC SEME VE
YERLETRME MERKEZ
A
SEVYE TESPT SINAVI
(SONBAHAR DNEM)
NGLZCE
22 Kasm 2009
ADI
: ...........................................................
SOYADI
: ...........................................................
T.C. KMLK NUMARASI : ...........................................................

SALON NUMARASI
: ...........................................................
GENEL
AIKLAMA


Bu testlerin her hakk sakldr. Hangi amala olursa olsun, testlerin tamamnn veya bir ksmnn Merkezimizin yazl izni olmadan kopya edilmesi, fotorafnn ekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla oaltlmas, yaymlanmas ya da kullanlmas yasaktr. Bu yasaa uymayanlar
gerekli cezai sorumluluu ve testlerin hazrlanmasndaki mali klfeti peinen kabullenmi saylr.
A
2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / NG
5. Located in Central Europe, Germany is ---- of the
North German Plain, the Central German Uplands,
and the Southern German Highlands.
1. Many cell phones now have the same ---- as
personal computers.
A) functionality
B) ambition
C) care
D) worry
A) spread out
B) brought together
C) held out
D) made up
E) taken down
E) attentiveness
6. Recent excavations in Algeria ---- that Homo

erectus ---- there between 500,000 and 750,000
years ago.
2. During the 1970s, the West African state of

Nigers economy flourished from uranium
production, but when uranium prices fell in the
1980s, its ---- period of prosperity ended.
A) unpredictable
B) various
C) brief
D) excessive
A) have indicated / resided

B) had indicated / has resided
C) indicated / would reside
E) successive
D) could have indicated / had been residing

E) indicate / had resided
3. ---- poor after World War II, Crete is now thriving

from tourism.
A) Necessarily
B) Adequately
C) Accurately
D) Tentatively
7. German Chancellor Merkel is under pressure
from power companies, which ---- to invest in new
power generation projects unless they ---- exempt
from tough emission requirements.
E) Desperately
A) refused / have been

B) refuse / are
C) have refused / had been
4. Cities in China are growing fast as millions of
people ---- to urban areas.
A) gather
B) migrate
D) issue
D) had refused / will be

E) were refusing / are to be
C) occupy
E) increase
A
12. The private sector in the Gulf states employs
mostly expatriate workers, ---- the majority of
nationals are employed in the public sector with
higher wages and job protection.
8. Although she ---- properly yet, the recipient of the

worlds first face transplant ---- well, according to
the first scientific report of the operation.
A) hadnt smiled / would have done
A) so that
B) didnt smile / will do
B) just as
D) unless
C) doesnt smile / may have done
C) while
E) in case
D) couldnt have smiled / does

E) cant smile / is doing
13. A series of gas discoveries in recent years in the

Western Desert of Egypt means that a range of
new export projects must be developed ---- the
country is to make full use of its new reserves.
9. To protect whales and dolphins ---- the coast of

Hawaii, a court in California has temporarily
banned the US navy from using powerful sonar
equipment ---- a military exercise in the area.
A) lest
A) at / over
B) in / on
C) before / through
D) off / during
B) although
D) as if
C) after
E) if
E) within / with
14. Hundreds of deep fjords that cut into the

coastline give Norway an overall oceanfront of ---12,000 miles.
10. As it had in World War I, Argentina proclaimed

neutrality ---- the outbreak of World War II, but in
the closing phase it declared war ---- the Axis
powers.
A) over / after
B) for / with
C) at / on
D) about / through
A) more than
B) just as
C) the same as
D) so far as
E) as well as
E) from / above
15. Made out of metal so that it conducts the charge,

the lightning rod is usually located ---- high ---possible because of lightnings tendency to strike
the nearest object to it.
11. During the wars ---- followed the French

Revolution, Belgium was occupied by France and
later annexed.
A) whether
D) that
B) who
C) when
E) as
A) so / as
B) as / as
C) more / than
D) both / and
E) not only / but also
A
ifadeyi bulunuz.
ifadeyi bulunuz.
Ever since Lord Curzon, a member of Britains World

War I cabinet, (16)---- that the Allies had floated to
victory on a sea of oil, major industrialized powers
have sought oil security. For instance, an imperialist
surge by Japan to secure oil supplies in East Asia
resulted (17)---- the fateful attack on Pearl Harbour.
The desire to control Middle East oil pushed the
Soviet Union into Afghanistan, and led to Saddam
Husseins (18)---- of Kuwait. And in his 1980 State of
the Union speech, US President Jimmy Carter made
clear Americas own oil-security policy (19)---- he
described what would become known as the Carter
Doctrine: Any attempt by an outside force to gain
control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as
an assault on the (20)---- interests of the United
States of America.
Saturn and its 47 diverse moons have been (21)---the close watch of the Cassini probe since 2004. The
probes main (22)---- in its planned 74 orbits is to
gather detailed images of the second largest planet in
our solar system, its icy moons and spectacular rings,
(23)---- span (24)---- 272,000 kilometres. So far, the
probe (25)---- some of the best images we have of
Saturn, and provided astronomers with a wealth of
new data.
21.
A) under
B) in
D) through
C) with
E) over
16.
A) declares
B) declared
C) has declared
D) would have declared
22.
E) would declare
A) stage
B) objection
C) assumption
D) controversy
E) aim
17.
A) in
B) within
D) below
C) on
23.
E) of
A) whatever
B) where
D) which
C) who
E) whereas
18.
A) purchase
B) exclusion
D) negotiation
C) invasion
E) illusion
24.
A) completely
19.
B) almost
D) adversely
A) in case
B) although
D) when
C) largely
E) slightly
C) even if
E) so far as
25.
20.
A) tedious
B) irrelevant
D) vague
C) redundant
E) vital
A) is capturing
B) captures
C) has captured
D) had captured
E) will capture
A
29. ----, but it failed to halt the rise of Adolf Hitler and
the Nazi war machine.

A) During World War II, France was split into a

German-occupied north and an unoccupied
south
26. If the cost of health benefits for working people in

a country rises, ----.
B) Following World War II, France turned its

attention to its African colonies, where there was
a growing demand from the natives for
independence
A) soaring health costs are one of the big factors

that have crippled the economy
B) usually employers cut wages or pass on the
costs as higher prices to customers
C) After a series of extremely savage battles, Allied

armies liberated France in August 1944 from the
German occupation
C) firms should, in fact, be indifferent to whether

they pay employees cash wages or benefits
D) In May 1940, the Germans marched into an

undefended Paris, and in the following month the
French government signed an armistice
D) those costs have nearly doubled this decade

alone in many industrialized countries
E) the current economic difficulties have forced
politicians to focus on health reform
E) Beginning in 1919, French foreign policy aimed

at keeping Germany weak through a system of
alliances
27. ---- that bats use ultrasonic beams to follow

insects through the dark.
30. Although there were plenty of sceptics when

Mauritius tried a decade ago to become an
offshore financial centre, ----.
A) A group of students are experimenting

B) Scientists had wondered
A) it has partly attained its goal, since it now hosts

19 national and international banks
C) A great deal of evidence needs to be gathered

D) Its long been known
B) it has built a textile industry that has made the

country relatively prosperous
E) Over the years, no scientist has questioned
C) last month it brought in a new labour law, making

it easier to hire and fire
D) it imports most of its food and energy as rising
world prices are pushing up inflation
28. ----, while just 1.7 tonnes of corn yields the same
result.
E) much of the economy remains concentrated in

the hands of a few local magnates
A) A team of scientists has claimed that the

traditional methods of production in plastics are
extremely costly and have an adverse impact on
the environment
31. In his opinion, poetry is essentially an effort to

elude facts, ----.
B) It has been announced that a company in China,

sponsored by the government, is planning to
harvest plastics from crops of corn
A) since he had been regarded as a promising

young poet
C) Eight tonnes of crude oil are currently needed to

create one tonne of polyol, which is an alcoholic
substance used in a number of plastics
B) whereas prose is essentially a means of

unearthing and exhibiting them
C) but his poems have been published in
respectable literary journals
D) Scientists are now using a new type of

microscope that lets them view internal
structures of materials in greater detail than ever
before
D) because many critics share the view that poets

should be concerned with politics
E) if many prose writers enjoy writing about social
and cultural issues
E) The device the companys scientists use utilizes

X-ray analysis technology and reveals chemical
compositions of objects being studied
A
34. ----, it would be regarded as a disaster at home
and abroad.
32. Missions to the Moons previously unvisited

mountains and polar regions will aid the search
for water, ----.
A) Since power generation in China fell by 7% last

year
A) since the first crewed mission will be planned for

the far side of the Moon
B) As India had enjoyed a big economic advantage

over China
B) whereby test landings are scheduled to begin in

2010
C) Because unrest and even insurgency are

widespread in many countries
C) which is vital to any future lunar base to be set

up by NASA
D) If Chinas growth rate were to fall to 5% or less
D) even if the mission aims to land astronauts on

the surface of the Moon by 2015
E) While India is considered to be a major

economic power
E) even though dense clouds of interstellar dust

conceal the heart of our galaxy
35. In the early years of the global warming debate,

there was great controversy over ----.
33. New radiocarbon dating of fossils suggests ----.

A) that mass extinctions of mammoths and wild
horses 10,000 years ago were caused by natural
climate shifts
A) while China has been blamed for the climate

crisis today
B) although scientists have concluded that this
warming is dangerous
B) whether humans were to blame for extensive

destruction in the natural world and also for the
pollution of the oceans
C) since the details of future forecasts about

warming remain unclear
C) how scientists began to understand clearly what

dinosaurs ate and why they disappeared from
the face of the Earth
D) that warming would be a significant problem in

the decades ahead
D) if an olive branch buried for thousands of years

in volcanic ash could have revealed the fate of
the great Minoan civilization on the Greek island
of Thera
E) whether the planet was indeed warming
E) when it was scientifically established that

dinosaurs belonged to a large group of reptiles
called archosauria
A
38. Deprived of the moderating effects of the oceans,
much of Central Asia experiences bitterly cold
winters and boiling hot summers.

A) Orta Asya ounlukla okyanuslarn yumuatc

etkilerinden uzak olduu iin, burada klar ok
souk ve yazlar olduka scak olur.
36. Despite the rapid industrialization of countries

such as China and India, climate change is
neither any one countrys fault nor any one
countrys responsibility.
B) Orta Asya, okyanuslarn yumuatc etkilerinden

uzak olduu iin, pek ok blgede klar olduka
sert ve yazlar da son derece scak geer.
A) in ve Hindistann hzl sanayilemesi nedeniyle

oluan iklim deiiklii, kesinlikle baka bir lkenin suu veya sorumluluu deildir.
C) Orta Asyann pek ok blgesinde klarn ok

sert ve yazlarn ok scak gemesi, okyanuslarn
yumuatc etkilerinin burada bulunmamasndandr.
B) in ve Hindistan gibi lkelerin hzl sanayilemelerine ramen, iklim deiiklii, ne herhangi tek
bir lkenin hatasdr, ne de herhangi tek bir lkenin sorumluluudur.
D) Okyanuslarn yumuatc etkilerinden yoksun

olan Orta Asyann byk blm, ok sert souk
klar ve son derece scak yazlar yaar.
C) in ve Hindistan dahil, pek ok lkenin hzla sanayilemesi sonucu ortaya kan iklim deiiklii,
herhangi bir lkenin suu olmad gibi, sorumluluu da deildir.
E) Orta Asya, okyanuslarn yumuatc etkilerinden

tamamiyle yoksundur ve dolaysyla bu blgede
klar olabildiince souk, yazlar ise dayanlmaz
derecede scak geer.
D) Tek bir lkenin suu veya sorumluluu olmayan

iklim deiiklii, in ve Hindistan dahil, pek ok
lkenin hzla sanayilemesi sonucunda ortaya
kmtr.
E) in ve Hindistann yan sra, eitli lkelerin
hzla sanayilemesi, iklim deiikliine yol am olup, tek bir lke sulu veya sorumlu deildir.
37. Americas conventional military superiority has

pushed its enemies inevitably towards
insurgency to achieve their objectives.
39. There are still places in the world where one can
go to dive and see very little indication of human
impact.
A) Amerikann klasik asker stnl, dmanlarn, amalarn gerekletirmek iin, kanlmaz

olarak ayaklanmaya itmitir.
A) Hl dnyann pek ok yerinde dal yaplabilir

ve insan etkisinin ok az belirtisi grlebilir.
B) Dnyada hl yle yerler vardr ki dal yapmak
iin buralara gidilebilir ve buralarda insan etkisinin ok az belirtisi grlebilir.
B) Klasik asker gc nedeniyle, Amerikann dmanlar, hedeflerine ulaabilmek iin, hi ekinmeden ayaklanma yolunu semilerdir.
C) Dal yapmak iin gidilebilecek ve insan etkisinin

ok az grlebilecei yerleri dnyada hl bulmak mmkndr.
C) Amerikann klasik asker gcn bilen dmanlar, amalarnda baarl olmak iin, ister istemez ayaklanma yoluna gitmilerdir.
D) Dnyada, insan etkisinin ok az olduu ve dal

yapmak iin gidilebilecek hl pek ok yer bulunmaktadr.
D) Amerikann klasik asker stnlnn sonucu

olarak, dmanlar, ayaklanma yoluna giderek,
amalarna ulamay benimsemilerdir.
E) Dnyada, dal yapmak iin gidilebilecek ve insan etkisinin ok az belirtisi grlebilecek yerler
hl mevcuttur.
E) Amerikann klasik asker gcnden ekinen

dmanlar, ancak ayaklanma yoluyla hedeflerine ulaabileceklerini fark etmilerdir.
A
42. ou bilim insan, yllarca, gezegenimizdeki ekolojik sistemlerin dengesinin gerekten ne denli
hassas olduunun nemini kavramamtr.
40. The Democratic Republic of Congos government

set up a special commission last week to review
at least 60 mining contracts signed in the last ten
years.
A) For years, most scientists have underestimated

just how delicate the balance of the ecological
systems on our planet really is.
A) Son on yl iinde imzalanm olan 60 kadar madencilik szlemesi, Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti hkmetinin geen hafta oluturmu olduu
zel bir komisyonca incelenecektir.
B) The question as to whether the ecological

systems on our planet have a delicate balance
has in fact been overlooked for years by many
scientists.
B) Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti hkmetince geen hafta kurulan zel komisyon, ncelikle son
on yl iinde imzalanm olan 60 kadar madencilik szlemesini inceleyecektir.
C) The ecological systems on our planet are so

delicate that, for years, most scientists have not
really taken them into account.
C) Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti hkmeti, son on

ylda imzalanm olan en az 60 madencilik szlemesini gzden geirmek iin, geen hafta zel
bir komisyon kurmutur.
D) Our planets ecological systems, which are really

extremely delicate, have been neglected for
years by various scientists.
D) Son on ylda imzalanm olan yaklak 60 madencilik szlemesinin gzden geirilmesi amacyla, Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti hkmeti,
zel bir komisyonu geen hafta oluturmutur.
E) Many scientists have failed for years to

understand that our planets ecological systems
are indeed very delicate.
E) Geen hafta Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti hkmetince kurulan zel komisyonun amac, son
on ylda imzalanm bulunan 60 kadar madencilik szlemesini deerlendirmektir.

43. Mevcut kresel kriz nedeniyle uluslararas ticaretin kmesi, kalknma iktisatlarn, ticareti, bir
byme motoru olarak grme konusunda kukulandrmtr.
41. Tm AB devletleri, Ekonomi ve Para Birliinin

paras olmalarna ramen, AB lkelerinin tm,
Avro blgesinin paras deildir.
A) The fact that trade is an engine of growth has

been dismissed by development economists,
since the current global crisis has caused the
collapse of international trade.
A) Since the Economic and Monetary Union

consists of all the EU states, the inclusion in the
euro area of every EU country is not out of place.
B) The current global crisis has undermined

international trade, and this has led development
economists to scepticism about trade as a
means of growth.
B) Although all EU states are part of the Economic

and Monetary Union, not all EU countries are
part of the euro area.
C) In view of the current global crisis and its

adverse impact on international trade, many
development economists have come to
disregard trade as an engine of growth.
C) Even if EU states all make up the Economic and

Monetary Union, the euro area does not include
every EU country.
D) Even though every EU country is not included in
the euro area, the Economic and Monetary
Union is made up of all the EU states.
D) Due to the current global crisis and the decline of

international trade, development economists
doubt whether trade can be regarded as an
effective means of growth.
E) It is unlikely that every EU country, which is part

of the Economic and Monetary Union, will also
be part of the EU area.
E) The collapse of international trade due to the

current global crisis has made development
economists sceptical about regarding trade as
an engine of growth.
A
44. Her yabanc yazarn ine bak as, iinde byd lke ile biimlenir.
A) For a foreign writer, in order to have an opinion

of China, he should first know his own country
where he has grown up.
46. The Africans who go abroad to work usually send

money back home to pay for their relatives
medical care, education, and housing. Today,
most African countries get the largest part of
their foreign exchange earnings from such
remittances. ---- Without this subsidy, Africas
dictators would have to face the political
consequences of an angry population.
B) A foreign writers attitude towards the Chinese is

essentially inspired by the country in which he
has grown up.
C) How a foreign writer understands China depends
a great deal on the country he originally comes
from.
D) Every foreign writers perspective on China is
shaped by the country, in which he grew up.
A) In Africa, foreign aid goes mostly to those

governments that have mismanaged their
economies.
E) Before a foreign writer can understand China, he

ought to focus in the first place on his own
country in which he was born.
B) There are over three million Nigerians in the US

and another one million in Britain.
C) From a quarter to almost 50% of universityeducated graduates from Ghana, Uganda, and
Kenya leave their countries to work in the West.
D) Ironically, African citizens abroad subsidize state
corruption.
E) About three million middle-class Zimbabweans
have migrated to South Africa since 1999.
45. OPECin ikinci en byk petrol ihracats olarak,

ran, halknn artan enerji gereksinimlerini karlamak amacyla, sadece nkleer yakt elde etmek
iin uranyumu zenginletirmek istediini iddia etmektedir.
47. The United States and its allies cannot remain in

Afghanistan indefinitely. For them, building a
capable Afghan security force and a credible
Afghan government is the fastest and most
responsible exit strategy. ---- On the other hand, a
security force can only be as good as its
government, and the Afghan government has
been crippled by corruption. However, national
elections scheduled for this year provide an
incentive for the Afghan government to continue
to improve.
A) Although Iran is the second largest oil exporting

country in OPEC, it still continues to enrich
uranium for the production of nuclear fuel and,
thus, solve the rising energy crisis faced by its
people.
B) Iran, which is OPECs second largest oil
exporter, is resolved to enrich uranium and, thus,
make nuclear fuel so that the desperate energy
needs of its people can be met.
A) Afghans greatest concerns are access to

electricity, jobs, water, and education.
C) As OPECs second largest oil exporter, Iran

claims that it wants to enrich uranium only to
make nuclear fuel to meet the growing energy
needs of its people.
B) Indeed, more US troops are absolutely

necessary to defeat the insurgents in
Afghanistan.
D) By enriching uranium, Iran, the second largest oil

exporting OPEC member, intends to produce
nuclear fuel in order to meet its peoples
increasing energy needs.
C) It is a clear fact that Pakistan is connected to the

Afghan insurgency.
D) The Pakistani army remains primarily focused on
the perceived threat from India.
E) Still OPECs second largest oil exporter, Iran

claims that it wishes to produce nuclear fuel by
enriching uranium for the growing energy needs
of its people.
E) However, US efforts so far to reach a decision

for a complete withdrawal have been mixed.
A
49. For decades, China has been content to let the
invisible hand of the market work its magic on the
countrys economy. But theres one area where
the government wants to reassert state control:
healthcare. ---- Today, nearly 40 per cent of the
population cant afford to see a doctor. The
average hospital stay for a Chinese citizen costs
nearly as much as an individuals annual per
capita income in the country. Healthcare
grievances have been at the heart of thousands
of organized protests countrywide in recent
years.
48. After more than 30 years without building a

nuclear plant, US power companies are seeking
licences for over 30 new reactors. In addition,
more than 300 reactors have been proposed
worldwide. Countries such as Egypt, Nigeria,
Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela have serious plans
to build their first nuclear plant. ---A) In other parts of the world, some 40 reactors are
already under construction, though many have
been underway for decades with no end in sight.
B) Annual emissions of greenhouse gases are
expected to double by 2050, from a current 7
billion tonnes of carbon dioxide each year to
more than 14 billion tonnes.
A) Some hospitals have had to hire security

personnel to protect medical staff from angry
mobs.
C) According to a recent report, nuclear power is a

major solution to the Wests growing electricity
needs, and increased nuclear use can
substantially lower greenhouse gas emissions.
B) By comparison, Japanese pay just 15 per cent of

their medical spending out of pocket.
C) So the government has recently developed a
strategy to provide affordable medical insurance
to 90 per cent of its population by 2010.
D) On the contrary, a countrys use of nuclear

power has much to do with government
intervention, whether through state loans or
streamlined regulations.
D) In fact, the free market reforms in China were

first initiated in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
E) The Chinese government has already met many
of its economic goals and is now beginning to
address scientific and technological
development.
E) Therefore, global electricity demand is estimated

to nearly double by 2030, with nuclear power
currently accounting for about 15 per cent of
global use.
A
51. Turkey offers much for the naturalist, with rich
marine ecosystems, abundant birdlife, and
elusive larger mammals. Especially the rugged
eastern provinces and also the regions with thick
forests harbour a large variety of these mammals.
---- The tulip is perhaps the most famous of these.
The great diversity of plants stems not only from
the variety of habitats, which include arid plains
as well as mountains and temperate woodlands,
but also from Turkeys position as a biological
watershed at the crossroads of Europe and Asia.
50. The African Union is well aware that, although

Africa has enormous agricultural potential, it still
remains a major food importer. The majority of
Africans live in rural areas and depend on
agriculture for their livelihood; but the
performance of the agricultural sector has been
dismal. In addition to internal and structural
problems that each African country faces,
external setbacks such as climate change and
global economic instability have made the
conditions worse for growth and development in
all sectors, including agriculture. ----
A) There are huge tracts of unspoiled countryside,

some of which have been set aside as national
parks.
A) The vision of the African Union is to achieve an

integrated, prosperous, well-governed, and
peaceful United States of Africa.
B) Unfortunately, Turkish wetlands are under threat

from dams, drainage, pollution, and climatic
change.
B) These are some of the most serious issues that

the African Union is determined to address as
efficiently as possible.
C) The countrys position on the migratory flyways

makes it a paradise for birdwatchers.
C) Africa seeks to promote existing and agreedupon shared values across the continent at
individual, national, regional, and international
levels.
D) The country is also floristically rich, with more

than 11,000 plant species recorded.
E) In winter, the countrys lakes and wetlands hold
thousands of wintering wildfowl.
D) All the African countries wish to eliminate

ongoing conflicts and prevent the occurrence of
new ones in order to achieve development and
integration.
E) Some of the values cherished and upheld by
each African nation are good governance,
democracy, respect for human rights,
accountability, and transparency.
10
A
54. As the chairman of a committee, you must call
the members to an unscheduled but urgent
meeting. So you phone them each and, with your
apologies, inform them about the meeting. You
say:

52. A colleague of yours seems worried that the
paper he is going to present at an international
conference contains a great deal of radical
argument and that it may provoke the
participants into strong objections and protests
against his views. So you wish to lend your
support for his views and encourage him to
speak out confidently. You say:
A) I am wondering whether all the committee

members will be available to attend a meeting
later today.
B) This is your chairman calling. We are going to
have a meeting, which I want you to attend
without any excuse.
A) I suggest you get rid of all these provocative

ideas, since many people at the conference will
oppose you vehemently and try to silence you.
C) As a committee, we have to come together

immediately. I am sorry about this, as it is
contrary to our usual practice.
B) Your views may be provocative and, therefore,

displease others, but I know they are sound. So
dont be discouraged.
D) Our committee needs to meet as soon as

possible. I am sure you have no objection
whatsoever.
C) It is incomprehensible to me why you should

always attempt to provoke other people and, in a
way, subvert the conference.
E) I am asking you and the other members to come

to my office right away for a meeting. No one
must be absent.
D) Everybody knows that you are a radical and

always cause trouble at international academic
gatherings. So I advise you to be careful.
E) This conference you are going to attend is not
the right occasion for you to express your
provocative views. I would advise you not to get
involved in a row.
53. As a literary critic, you are asked to express

briefly your opinion of a novel recently published.
You have read the novel and noticed some
structural and stylistic defects in it. So you say:
A) I am fully convinced that, like me, other critics
will be much impressed by the novel as it deals
with serious issues.
B) In my opinion, it will take a long time before the
novel really draws the attention of the reading
public.
55. You have been invited to give a talk on the

current global economic crisis. Yet you feel that,
following your talk, there will be questions which
may get you involved in a domestic political
debate. Since you dont wish to be part of such a
debate, you decide to decline the invitation. So
you say:
A) I am afraid my talk on the current crisis in the
world economy may in the end turn into a
controversy over domestic politics, which is not
what I want. So you will have to excuse me from
giving the talk.
B) Before I can accept your invitation for a talk on
the world economy, you must assure me that
there will be no questions concerning domestic
politics.
C) With regard to the novel, I should stress in the

first place that the authors portrayal of the
characters is very disappointing indeed.
D) Although the author of the novel has a great deal
of capacity for creativity, he is so much under the
influence of other novelists that he lacks
originality.
E) As far as I am concerned, it is not a very
successful novel, as it lacks clarity and has
certain plot problems.
C) I know out of experience that such issues as the

current economic crisis in the world are
extremely controversial, and I am absolutely sure
that questions will be asked about domestic
policies.
D) There is no doubt that the world economic crisis
has its adverse impact on domestic policies,
which I wouldnt like to touch on in my talk.
E) I have decided mainly to focus in my talk on the
global effects of the current economic crisis, but I
am also prepared to answer questions
concerning domestic political issues.
11
A
57. You are lecturing on the Industrial Revolution and
the economic changes it brought about in
England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
You conclude your lecture by saying:
56. Youve lent a friend of yours one of the reference

books in your own personal library, which you
often use for your own research. Although he
promised you to return it soon, he hasnt done
so, and you need the book urgently. You are
upset and say to him:
A) So, to wrap up, the Industrial Revolution at the

th
end of the 18 century and thereafter altered not
only the foundations of the economy but also the
very assumptions with which people approached
economics.
A) Should you need other books for reference, you

just let me know, and you neednt worry about
returning the book soon, which I have already
lent you.
B) I hope the book I gave you has been most useful
for your research; you can give it back to me
when you dont need it any longer.
C) Since you havent kept your word about the book
you borrowed from me, I am really angry; it is an
indispensable source for my research, and I
need it now.
D) Since my library has a number of reference
books, you can borrow them whenever you need
them, and you neednt hurry to return the one
Ive lent you.
E) You said you would return the reference book I
lent you. It is alright; I am using other sources for
my research.
B) Moreover, one can suggest that Britain in the

18th and 19th centuries had ample supplies of
coal and a well-developed network of canals, all
of which proved important for industrialization.
C) In fact, by the end of the 18th century and the
th
early 19 century, London had become the
leading centre for international trade and a
headquarters for the transfer of raw materials,
capital, and manufactured products throughout
the world.
D) Actually, the Industrial Revolution began with
dramatic technological leaps in a few industries
towards the end of the 18th century and the early
19th century, the first of which was cotton textiles.
E) Undoubtedly, at the end of the 18th century and
during the early decades of the 19th century,
expanding networks of trade and finance in
Britain created new markets for goods and new
sources of raw materials.
12
A
cmleyi bulunuz.
58. (I) Although about 1,400 seed banks exist worldwide,
Norways massive Svalbard Global Seed Vault
dwarfs them all and aims to safeguard duplicates of
the seeds. (II) Stored seeds are frequently lost
because of natural disasters, war, and warm
temperatures. (III) However, the United Nations
predicts that 70% of the worlds population will live in
urban areas by 2050. (IV) So, Svalbard was built to
withstand these challenges. (V) The facility is remote,
located 1,000 kilometres beyond mainland Norways
northernmost tip.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
62. (I) Ancient Lycia lay in the mountainous area

between modern Fethiye and Antalya. (II) It wasnt a
single country, but a federation of 19 independent
cities. (III) The people of Lycia must have regarded
burials as an important aspect of their religion, for
they cut hundreds of tombs into cliff faces and crags
that can be seen throughout the area today.
(IV) These tombs were probably copies of domestic
architecture, intended as houses for the dead.
(V) Not much is known about the early history of
Patara, although it was an influential member of the
Lycian League.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
E) V
60. (I) In 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union
signed a historic treaty reducing their stockpiles of
nuclear warheads by about a third. (II) The Obama
administration has not lost its way despite the
myriad problems left behind by the previous
administration. (III) The treaty, known as START
(The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty), was signed in
Moscow by US President George Bush and Soviet
leader Mikhail Gorbachev. (IV) At a joint news
conference after the signing ceremony, both Mr Bush
and Mr Gorbachev strongly and enthusiastically
praised the treaty. (V) Especially, Mr Bush described
it as a significant step forward in dispelling half a
century of mistrust.
A) I
A) I
E) V
59. (I) On 26 July 1956, Egypt seized the Suez Canal.

(II) Egypts president at the time, Colonel Gamal
Abdel Nasser, announced the nationalization of the
Suez Canal Company. (III) His main aim was to
provide funding for the construction of the Aswan
High Dam. (IV) Violence is endemic in the Middle
East even as the geopolitical landscape is changing
rapidly. (V) His unilateral decision led to the invasion
of the Canal area by a joint British and French force.
A) I
61. (I) When we exercise, our body naturally produces

heat. (II) Exercising in extreme temperatures
therefore provides an added stress on our body to
cool down. (III) In fact, our body cools down by
redirecting the flow of blood to the skin, so the
evaporation of sweat can dissipate heat from the
blood. (IV) Unfortunately, individuals who take part in
outdoor activities such as tennis, golf, or running are
at greater risk of physical injury. (V) However, when
the climate is humid, sweat cannot evaporate from
the skin, and the body struggles to cool down.
63. (I) Sprawling across a vast plain at an altitude of

almost 2,000 metres and ringed by mountains,
Erzurum is one of Turkeys coldest cities. (II) It is also
by far the most developed city in the region.
(III) Erzincans history has been marked by
earthquakes, notably those of 1939 and 1992.
(IV) Because it was located astride the main caravan
route from India to Europe and controlled the
passage between the Caucasus and Anatolia,
Erzurum was fought over and ruled by many peoples
from the Byzantines to the Ottomans. (V) Yet its most
famous sights date from Seljuk times.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
E) V
13
A
66. The eighteenth century witnessed the last phase
of Baroque music and had two of the greatest
composers of all time: Bach and Handel.

A) The eighteenth century was noted for its interest

in Baroque music, and at the time both Bach and
Handel were the most notable representatives of
this music.
64. At the end of World War II, Algerian nationalists

called on the Allies to recognize Algerias
independence in return for their good service
during the war.
B) It was in the eighteenth century that Baroque

music became most popular and that Bach and
Handel were recognized as the most famous
composers of the time.
A) When World War II ended, Algerian nationalists,

claiming that Algeria had made a useful
contribution during the war, appealed to the
Allies to acknowledge as right the independence
of their country.
C) Bach and Handel were so admired in the

eighteenth century that they were regarded as
the greatest composers of Baroque music.
B) As soon as World War II ended, the Allies were

approached by Algerian nationalists to grant
independence to Algeria, since they had
benefited from the resources of the country.
C) Algerian nationalists had served the Allies so
well during World War II that, as soon as the war
ended, they expected them to grant full
independence.
D) Following World War II, in which Algeria had
played a useful part, the Allies were required by
Algerian nationalists to grant independence to
their country.
D) Baroque music reached its final stage of

development in the eighteenth century, which
also produced Bach and Handel, regarded as
the greatest composers ever.
E) The development of Baroque music reached its
climax in the eighteenth century when, as the
greatest Baroque composers, Bach and Handel
created the best of their music.
E) Since Algeria had offered the Allies various

services during World War II, Algerian
nationalists were keen to secure with Allied
support the independence of their country.
67. The attack on the World Trade Center in 2001

gave the term globalization a new and
frightening meaning.
65. The increasing wealth of late medieval Europe

transformed the social structure of European
society.
A) Europe in the Middle Ages accumulated much
wealth, and this was due to new developments in
European social life.
B) In the late Middle Ages, Europe became
increasingly rich, and this led to a structural
change in society.
C) The social changes witnessed in Europe towards
the end of the Middle Ages were wholly related
to contemporary economic prosperity.
D) European society in the late Middle Ages
underwent a process of change due to the rise of
wealthy classes.
A) When the World Trade Center was attacked in

2001, the meaning of the term globalization
changed completely.
B) Because of the attack in 2001 on the World
Trade Center, the term globalization has
acquired a meaning which is both horrific and
unusual.
C) The usual meaning of the term globalization
was further broadened by the terrifying attack in
2001 on the World Trade Center.
D) The term globalization has lost its usual
meaning in the aftermath of the attack in 2001 on
the World Trade Center.
E) Following the attack in 2001 on the World Trade
Center, further meanings have been given to the
term globalization.
E) It was at the close of the Middle Ages that

Europe experienced a major social and
economic transformation.
14
A
68. The city of Port Elizabeth lies in one of South
Africas poorest provinces, a region burdened
with 40 per cent unemployment.

A) The city of Port Elizabeth is situated in a

province in South Africa that is one of the
poorest, suffering from an unemployment rate of
40 per cent.
70. Susan:
- Do you know that every year 130 million tonnes
of Americas trash ends up in landfills?
B) The province in which lies the city of Port

Elizabeth is completely underdeveloped due to a
40 per cent rate of unemployment.
Harry:
- Oh, yes, I certainly do, and more than that.
Susan:
- ----
C) The city of Port Elizabeth is so poor that the

province in which it is situated has an
unemployment rate of 40 per cent.
Harry:
- Well, together all these landfills emit more of
the greenhouse gas methane than any other
human-related source.
D) One of the least prosperous provinces in South

Africa is that of Port Elizabeth, where
unemployment has risen to 40 per cent.
A) Is it true that some American building companies

use inorganic refuse such as metals in roadbeds
and heavy construction?
E) South Africa has several least developed

provinces, in one of which lies the city of Port
Elizabeth, with a rate of 40 per cent
unemployment.
B) Do you mean engineers have developed an

efficient way of dealing with trash?
C) What do you mean exactly? You seem to be
implying something.
D) America produces more trash than any other
country in the world, doesnt it?
69. With an economic growth over the past decade of

nearly 50 per cent, Ireland enjoys a level of
prosperity greater than that of Britain.
E) Dont you think such a huge volume of trash can

be processed to produce electricity?
A) Unlike Britain, Ireland has much prosperity since

it has done its best over the past decade to
achieve an economic growth of 50 per cent.
B) Irelands prosperity, which is much higher than
that of Britain, has led to a 50 per cent rate of
economic growth over the past decade.
C) Both Britain and Ireland enjoy a high level of
prosperity, which has resulted from a 50 per cent
rate of economic growth over the last ten years.
D) Irelands economic growth over the past decade
has been just 50 per cent, and this has led the
country to a level of prosperity which is
comparable to that of Britain.
E) During the past ten years, Ireland achieved
almost 50 per cent economic growth, which has
enabled it to become more prosperous than
Britain.
15
A
73. Mary:
- The other day I was reading an interesting
article on the Black Death.
71. John:
- For our investments, we should consider
tourism as a new area.
Edmund:
- Agreed. In fact, tourism has now become the
worlds biggest industry.
Tony:
- You mean the terrible plague that devastated
Europe in the 14th century?
John:
- ----
Mary:
- ----
Edmund:
- I certainly think so. Therefore, it is of vital
importance for the economies of many of the
worlds poorest nations.
Tony:
- Also throughout villages, towns and cities. As a
result, the population of Europe was cut nearly
in half.
A) Moreover, travel enriches ones life. Dont you

agree?
A) Right. I didnt know that its effects were worst in

confined places like hospitals, prisons, and
monasteries.
B) Actually, it fuels economic growth, doesnt it?
B) According to a contemporary account, the city of

Florence lost 96,000 people between March and
October of 1348.
C) Do you believe that travelling broadens our

experience of the world?
D) Furthermore, tourism enables people to explore
other cultures and geographies. Right?
C) European men and women were convinced that

the plague had been sent as a divine
punishment.
E) Yes, true. Yet, worldwide mobility because of

tourism has its drawbacks. Do you agree?
D) However, as one learns from the article, the

plague did not last long, but actually began to
dissipate by 1351.
72. Bill:
- As a firm, we are doing our best for fuel
improvement.
E) I feel that more study must be made of the social

and political impact the plague had on medieval
Europe in general.
Bob:
- Indeed, we must develop new technologies to
reduce the environmental impact of gasoline
and diesel.
Bill:
- ---Bob:
- Yes, of course. Also you know we have already
developed an innovative formula designed to
help reduce fuel consumption.
A) Have other firms been investing in long-term
solutions like hydrogen fuel?
B) Can you tell me how we can produce fuels from
lots of different sources in order to meet the
growing demand?
C) Dont you think the solution is a combination of
cleaner fuels and cleaner engines?
D) How can we produce lead-free and low-sulphur
fuels?
E) Is the burning of coal and gas for lighting,
heating, and cooking one of the causes of local
air pollution?
16
A
75. Winston:
- What does the term global village really
mean?
74. Malcolm:
- I believe a great deal of research needs to be
made of Martin Luther King and his ideas.
Jacob:
- I fully agree with you, since he was the
preeminent figure in the civil rights movements
started by blacks in the United States during the
1960s.
Malcolm:
- ---Jacob:
- On the contrary. Fundamentally, he aspired to a
fully integrated nation of all the Americans.
A) Before King, various civil rights groups in
America had started to organize boycotts and
demonstrations to condemn racial discrimination
against blacks in all walks of life.
Stanley:
- Oh, well, it is essentially related to the global
flow of information.
Winston:
- ---Stanley:
- Alright, I will try. Beginning in the 1990s,
increasingly sophisticated computers have
brought people into instant communication
over the internet with each other across
continents in new cultural and political settings,
and this has had a great impact on the everyday
lives of men and women around the world.
A) In other words, are you suggesting that
advances in electronic technologies have
provided new worldwide platforms and
connections for commercial interests?
B) Unfortunately, his inspiring career as a defender

of civil rights in America was tragically ended by
assassination in 1968.
B) Do you mean the wide-ranging effects of

information technologies on political struggles
around the globe?
C) In fact, civil rights laws passed under President

Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1960s did bring
American blacks some measure of equality with
regard to voting rights.
C) Are you saying that electronic systems and

devices designed to create, store and share
information have become more powerful and
accessible?
D) Yes, of course. Yet, hes been accused of

seeking complete independence from white
society.
D) Are you claiming that embattled ethnic minorities

have found worldwide audiences through on-line
campaign sites?
E) As you know, the civil rights movements of the

1960s in America clearly showed the chasm
between the egalitarian promises of American
democracy and the real inequalities at the core
of American social and political life.
E) What does that exactly mean? Can you be more

specific?
17
A
77. As clearly stressed in the passage, the world
economy ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) underwent a process of radical change after

1970, with markets quickly intergrating
A key feature of globalization has been the

transformation of the world economy, highlighted by
the rapid integration of markets since 1970. In a
series of historic changes, the international
agreements that had regulated the movement of
people, goods, and money since World War II were
overturned. To begin with, the postwar economic
arrangements sealed by various treaties steadily
eroded in the late 1960s, as Western industrial
nations faced a double burden of inflation and
economic stagnation. A crucial shift in monetary
policy occurred in 1971, when the United States
abandoned the postwar gold standard and allowed
the dollar to range freely. As a result, formal
regulations on currencies, international banking, and
lending among states faded away. They were
replaced with an informal network of arrangements
managed autonomously by large private lenders,
their political friends in leading Western states, and
independent financial agencies such as the
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World
Bank. The economists and administrators who
dominated these new networks steered away from
the interventionist policies that had shaped postwar
planning and recovery. Instead, they relied on a
broad range of market-driven models termed
neoliberalism.
B) has never recovered from the adverse effects of

inflation since World War II
C) is now fully managed only by the International
Monetary Fund and the World Bank
D) was affected by globalization for only a relatively
short period after 1970
E) is constantly manipulated by the United States
and other leading Western countries
78. It is clearly pointed out in the passage that the

United States decision in 1971 to give up the
postwar gold standard ----.
76. It is indicated in the passage that the economic

performance in the postwar period ----.
A) greatly undermined the process of globalization

in the following decades and has since led the
world economy into a serious crisis
A) totally eliminated the economic stagnation

experienced by Western industrial nations
B) primarily depended on policies formulated by the
International Monetary Fund
C) was mainly based on policies that allowed state
intervention
B) has been the primary cause of the chronic

inflation and economic stagnation faced by the
rest of the world
D) was so good that leading industrial states

remained indifferent to neoliberalism
C) was essentially inspired by new economic

models based on free-market policies and
neoliberal practices
E) had a positive impact on the development of

international banking
D) was extremely important, since it overturned

international currency and banking regulations
E) was the natural outcome of the wide range of
economic arrangements made in the postwar
period in the West
18
A
80. It is suggested in the passage that neoliberalism
----.

International Monetary Fund and the World Bank
----.
A) signifies the economic policies that have been

practised by the West since World War II
A) have always been regarded with suspicion by

industrialized Western nations
B) is a term that refers to widely different models of

the market economy
B) develop policies that give priority to state

intervention in the management of the economy
C) has always been disregarded by World Bank

economists and administrators
C) have always introduced new formal regulations

for currencies and international banking
D) is primarily concerned with the free movement of

people and goods in the world
D) recruit only those economists who strongly

support interventionist economic policies
E) has been more dominant in the United States

than in any of the other industrial nations
E) are financial bodies that are free from any

intervention by an outside authority
19
A
82. It is clear from the passage that Iraqs invasion of
Iran ----.

cevaplaynz.
During the latter part of 1980, Iraq invaded Iran and
hoped to seize its southern oil fields. Iran
counterattacked. The result was a murderous eightyear conflict marked by the use of chemical weapons
and human waves of young Iranian radicals fighting
the Soviet-armed Iraqis. The war ended with Irans
defeat, but not the collapse of its theocratic regime. In
the short term, their long defence of Iranian
nationalism left the mullahs more entrenched at
home, while abroad they used their oil revenues to
back grass-roots radicalism in Lebanon and militants
elsewhere who engaged in anti-Western terrorism.
Over the years, the strongest threats to the Iranian
regime ultimately have come from within, from a new
generation of young students and workers who have
discovered that their prospects for prosperity and
democratic rights have not changed much since the
days of the shah.
A) led to a war, which, in the end, settled the issue

of the southern oil fields
B) was sheer aggression, motivated by an
economic purpose
C) significantly weakened the authority of the
Iranian mullahs
D) was strongly opposed by the Soviet government
of the time
E) provoked Iranian students and workers into antiregime demonstrations
83. As can be seen from the passage, the war

between Iran and Iraq ----.
81. According to the passage, the Iranian regime ----.

A) has always been aware of the need to grant to
the people their democratic rights
A) lasted under a decade and caused a great deal

of bloodshed
B) was adversely affected by the war with Iraq and

lost much of its power
B) was actually a war of attrition, with no victory for

either side
C) has introduced radical economic policies to

increase its oil revenues
C) greatly undermined the prosperity of the Iranian

people
D) has failed to gain the unanimous support of the

people in the country
D) made it necessary for the Iranian regime to use

all its oil revenues for weapons
E) wholly relies on young radicals in the country,

who are inspired by nationalism
E) was fought on both sides with weapons provided

by the Soviets
20
A
85. According to the passage, some segments of
Iranian society have ultimately become aware of
the fact that ----.
84. It is stressed in the passage that, with the money

earned from oil exports, Iran ----.
A) financed a series of projects to strengthen
nationalism among young radicals
A) the Iran-Iraq war resulted from the Iranian

regimes failure to cooperate with Iraq
B) made huge investments to upgrade the capacity

of its southern oil fields
B) the Iranian government is wasting the countrys

oil revenues on unfeasible projects
C) re-armed its army and, thus, was able to resist

the Iraqi invasion
C) the new Iranian regime has not met their

economic and political expectations
D) carried out economic reforms to improve the

living standards of its people
D) the future of the regime in the country

fundamentally depends on young radicals
E) sponsored radical political movements in other

countries
E) the power of the mullahs in the country is not so

strong as has generally been assumed
21
A
87. As suggested in the passage, in medieval Europe
before 1270, ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) Spanish and Portuguese sailors had attempted

to explore the west coast of Africa and enslave
the natives
Until the late thirteenth century, European maritime

commerce had been divided between a
Mediterranean and a North Atlantic world. Starting
around 1270, however, Italian merchants began to
sail through the Strait of Gibraltar and on to the woolproducing regions of England and the Netherlands.
This was the essential first step in the extension of
Mediterranean commerce and colonization into the
Atlantic Ocean. The second step was the discovery
by Genoese sailors, during the fourteenth century, of
the Atlantic island chains known as the Canaries and
the Azores. Efforts to colonize the Canary Islands
and to convert and enslave their inhabitants began
almost immediately. But an effective conquest of the
Canary Islands did not begin until the fifteenth
century, when it was undertaken by Portugal and
completed by Spain. The Canaries, in turn, became
the base from which further Portuguese voyages
down the west coast of Africa proceeded. They were
also the jumping-off point from which Christopher
Columbus would sail westward across the Atlantic
Ocean in hopes of reaching Asia.
B) only Italian merchants had had the monopoly to

import wool from England and the Netherlands
C) some daring attempts had been made to
conquer and colonize the Canaries and the
Azores
D) there had been two major zones for maritime
trade: the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic
E) there had been continual efforts especially by the
Portuguese to convert West African natives to
Christianity
86. It is clear from the passage that the European

discovery and conquest of the Canary Islands in
the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries ----.
88. It is asserted in the passage that, in the late

thirteenth century, ----.
A) actually had no commercial and maritime

significance, but became the major cause of
rivalry between Portugal and Spain
A) Italian merchants were first able to carry their

Mediterranean trade into England and the
Netherlands
B) strategically paved the way for further

explorations along coastal West Africa and
across the Atlantic Ocean
B) the Strait of Gibraltar gained so much strategic

importance that it became a territorial issue
between Spain and Portugal
C) could have been prevented if the natives had

been politically united to resist conversion and
colonization
C) the Europeans soon realized that there was a

great deal of profit to be made by slave trade
across the Atlantic
D) caused so much excitement across Europe that

especially Italian merchants were keen to use
the islands as their commercial base
D) both England and the Netherlands emerged as

the only major colonizing powers in the North
Atlantic
E) had an adverse impact on the Netherlands

maritime trade with England and other countries
in northern Europe
E) the Italians absolutely dominated the trade in the

Mediterranean and strongly opposed other
nations attempts to benefit from it
22
A
90. As can be inferred from the passage, Christopher
Columbus ----.
89. As stated in the passage, the Canary Islands ----.

A) were more densely populated than the Azores,
which played no part in transatlantic trade
B) had already been Christianized before they were
discovered and colonized
C) were not so important as the Azores in the
increase of trade along the West African coast
A) hoped that his westward voyage across the

Atlantic would ultimately take him to Asia
B) learned much from Genoese sailors about the
locations of the Canaries and the Azores
C) had taken part earlier in Portuguese voyages
down the west coast of Africa
D) did not interest Christopher Columbus at all in

his voyages across the Atlantic
D) paid little attention to the strategic and economic

importance of the Canary Islands
E) were subjected to colonization soon after they

were discovered by the Genoese
E) always dreamed of completely controlling all the

maritime commerce with Asia
23
A
92. It is suggested in the passage that, in their view
of slavery, the Romans ----.

cevaplaynz.
Like nearly all the peoples of the ancient world, the
Romans took slavery for granted. Nothing in Romes
earlier experience had prepared it, however, for the
huge increase in slave numbers that resulted from its
western and eastern conquests. In 146 B.C., fifty-five
thousand Carthaginians were enslaved after the
destruction of their city; not long before, one hundred
and fifty thousand Greek prisoners of war had met
the same fate. By the end of the second century B.C.,
there were a million slaves in Italy alone, making
Roman Italy one of the most slave-based economies
known to history. The majority of these slaves worked
as agricultural labourers on the vast estates of the
Roman aristocracy. Some of these estates were the
result of earlier Roman conquests within Italy itself.
But others were constructed by aristocrats buying up
the land holdings of thousands of small farmers who
found themselves unable to compete with the great
estate-owners in producing grain for the market.
A) attached a great deal of importance to the

military value of slaves
B) had largely been inspired by the Greeks and
some eastern peoples
C) were not so sophisticated as the other peoples of
the ancient world
D) began to follow a different policy only after they
had enslaved the Carthaginians
E) did not differ much from other ancient peoples
93. It is implied in the passage that the early Romans

----.
91. It is pointed out in the passage that, in ancient

Rome, ----.
A) aristocrats always had the right to determine
grain prices for the market
A) had no notion of slavery and knew nothing about

it
B) most aristocrats preferred small farmers to

slaves as labourers on their farms
B) were not interested in farming and, therefore,

imported their grain
C) the production of grain was solely the

responsibility of large numbers of small farmers
C) were so opposed to aristocrats that they

protected small farmers against them
D) it was aristocrats that owned huge amounts of

farming lands
D) had one political goal: to conquer all the other

peoples east and west
E) aristocrats were so hostile to small farmers that

they drove them off their lands
E) had always been on friendly terms with all the

peoples of the ancient world
24
A
95. As emphasized in the passage, slaves in ancient
Rome ----.
94. It is clear from the passage that, when the

Romans began to extend their conquests, ----.
A) were totally of Greek and Carthaginian origin
A) they were seriously resisted by the Greeks, who

had no fear of them
B) made up the backbone of the Roman economy
B) their immediate aim was to conquer and enslave

the Carthaginians
C) formed what the author calls small farmers
C) it led to an enormous increase in the number of

slaves
D) were so great in number that aristocrats were

uneasy about them
D) they depended heavily on slaves for their military

campaigns
E) knew farming so well that they produced grain in

huge amounts
E) it greatly pleased the Roman aristocracy, since

they were able to own new estates
25
A
97. According to the passage, the harmony of the
dome and the square base on which the dome
rested ----.

cevaplaynz.
The finest example of Byzantine architecture is the
church of Saint Sophia (Holy Wisdom) in stanbul,
constructed by the emperor Justinian in the sixth
century. Evidently, its structural design was
something altogether new in the history of
architecture. The central feature of the design was
the application of the dome principle to a building of
square shape. The church was designed in the form
of a cross, with a magnificent dome over its central
square. The main problem for the architects was how
to fit the circumference of the dome to the square
area it was supposed to cover. The solution was to
have four great arches spring from pillars at the four
corners of the square. The rim of the dome was then
made to rest on the keystones of the arches, with the
curved triangular spaces between the arches filled
with masonry. The result was an architectural
framework of marvellous strength, which at the same
time made possible a style of imposing grandeur and
delicacy. The dome itself has a diametre of 107 feet
and rises to a height of nearly 180 feet from the floor.
So many windows are placed around its rim that the
dome appears to have no support at all but to be
suspended in midair.
96. As emphasized in the passage, the design of the

church of Saint Sophia in stanbul ensured that
----.
A) had been a common feature of Byzantine

architecture before Saint Sophia
B) was made possible by the use of four great
arches
C) was never regarded as a crucial issue in the
construction of Saint Sophia
D) was not adequately taken into consideration
during the design of Saint Sophia
E) has always been a major problem throughout the
history of architecture
98. It is claimed in the passage that Byzantine

architecture ----.
A) it would serve as a model for the design of new

churches in the future
A) was still in its early stage during the reign of

Emperor Justinian
B) Emperor Justinian was greatly pleased by its

structure and grandeur
B) began to improve and further develop after the

construction of Saint Sophia
C) the rim of the dome had to have many windows

to let sunlight in
C) was greatly influenced by the architecture that

preceded the sixth century
D) the weight of the dome had to be reduced by

four great pillars
D) is best represented and exemplified by the

church of Saint Sophia
E) architecturally its structure was unique and

entirely unprecedented
E) always made use of masonry in the construction

of buildings with grandeur
26
A
99. As suggested in the passage, the perfect
combination of the dome and the arches in Saint
Sophia ----.
100. It is clear that the passage ----.

A) is a concise description of Saint Sophias
architectural features and overall excellence
A) seemed to the architects to be precarious since

the dome, with a diametre of 107 feet, was of an
immense size and weight
B) mainly focuses on the distinctive aspects of

Byzantine architecture in the sixth century
B) was somewhat spoiled by the curved triangular

spaces that could be seen between the arches
C) gives a detailed account of Emperor Justinians

support for the construction of Saint Sophia
C) gave it not only amazing strength but also

impressive magnificence and gracefulness
D) discusses how Byzantine architects came to use

the dome as a major structural element
D) enabled the architects to design and construct

the whole structure in the form of a cross
E) explains the reasons why Saint Sophia was

designed in the form of a cross
E) gave the architects themselves the impression

that the dome was suspended in midair, with no
support whatsoever
TEST BTT.
27

1. 2009-KPDS Sonbahar Dnemi Snava Giri ve Kimlik
2. Adaylarn cep telefonu, ar cihaz, telsiz, fotoraf
makinesi, cep bilgisayar, saat fonksiyonu dnda
fonksiyonu olan saat, hesap makinesi, szlk, kitap,
defter, msvedde kd, pergel, a ler, cetvel ve
benzeri her trl ara gerele snava girmesi
kesinlikle yasaktr. Bu aralarla snava girmi adaylar
mutlaka Salon Snav Tutanana yazlacak, bu
adaylarn snav geersiz saylacaktr.
kalnz.
nemlidir.
SYM Temsilcisi bir salondaki snavn, kurallara uygun biimde yaplmadn, toplu kopya giriiminde
Cevaplarn cevap kdna iaretlenmi olmas gerekir. Soru kitapna iaretlenen cevaplar geerli deildir.
Soru kitapnda her sayfann tepesinde basl bulunan soru kitap trnn, kitapn n kapanda basl soru kitap tryle ayn olup olmadn
kontrol ediniz. Farkl olmas durumunda Salon Bakanndan yeni bir soru kitap isteyiniz. Soru kitapnzn trnn deiik olduunu daha sonra fark ederseniz, size o zamana kadar cevaplama yaptnz trden, hatasz bir soru kitap verilmesi iin Salon
Bakanna bavurunuz.
doldurarak belirtiniz. Cevap kdnzda iaretlediiniz Soru Kitap Tr salon grevlileri tarafndan
snav ncesi kontrol edilerek paraflanacaktr. Sizin
iaretlediiniz ve salon grevlilerinin parafladklar
kitapk tr arasnda fark olmas hlinde salon
grevlilerinin parafladklar kitapk tr dikkate
alnacaktr.
10. Cevaplamaya gemeden nce size verilecek soru
kitapnn zerine adnz, soyadnz, T.C. Kimlik
Numaranz ve bu salonun Salon Numarasn yaznz.
Snav sonunda soru kitapklar toplanacak ve
SYMde tek tek incelenecektir. Soru kitapnn bir
sayfas bile eksik karsa snavnz geersiz saylacaktr.
11. Soru kitapnn sayfalarndaki bo yerleri msvedde
iin kullanabilirsiniz.
12. Snav sresince, grevliler dahil, salonda kimse sigara, pipo, puro vb. eyleri imeyecektir.
yasaktr.
14. Snav salonundan ayrlmadan nce, soru kitapnz, cevap kdnz ve 2009-KPDS Sonbahar

22 KASIM 2009
NGLZCE
A KTAPII
1. A
26. B
51. D
76. C
2. C
27. D
52. B
77. A
3. E
28. C
53. E
78. D
4. B
29. E
54. C
79. E
5. D
30. A
55. A
80. B
6. A
31. B
56. C
81. D
7. B
32. C
57. A
82. B
8. E
33. A
58. C
83. A
9. D
34. D
59. D
84. E
10. C
35. E
60. B
85. C
11. D
36. B
61. D
86. B
12. C
37. A
62. E
87. D
13. E
38. D
63. C
88. A
14. A
39. E
64. A
89. E
15. B
40. C
65. B
90. A
16. B
41. B
66. D
91. D
17. A
42. A
67. B
92. E
18. C
43. E
68. A
93. A
19. D
44. D
69. E
94. C
20. E
45. C
70. C
95. B
21. A
46. D
71. B
96. E
22. E
47. E
72. C
97. B
23. D
48. A
73. A
98. D
24. B
49. C
74. D
99. C
25. C
50. B
75. E
100. A
2010
May
SYM
RENC SEME VE
YERLETRME MERKEZ
A
SEVYE TESPT SINAVI
(LKBAHAR DNEM)
NGLZCE
2 MAYIS 2010
ADI
: .................................................
SOYADI
: .................................................
T.C. KMLK NUMARASI : .................................................
SALON NUMARASI
: .................................................
GENEL
AI KLAMA


Bu testlerin her hakk sakldr. Hangi amala olursa olsun, testlerin tamamnn veya bir ksmnn Merkezimizin yazl izni
olmadan kopya edilmesi, fotorafnn ekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla oaltlmas, yaymlanmas ya da kullanlmas yasaktr. Bu
yasaa uymayanlar gerekli cezai sorumluluu ve testlerin hazrlanmasndaki mali klfeti peinen kabullenmi saylr.
2010 - KPDS lkbahar / NGLZCE

5. After World War II, the United States began to ---Britains role as the leading foreign player in
Iranian politics.
1. The body loses large amounts of iron when red
blood cells are lost through bleeding, and this
causes a ---- of iron.
A) deficiency
B) display
D) supplement
A) take over
B) hold up
C) put off
D) keep out
E) look after
C) failure
E) recurrence
2. With the Soviet Union in decline in 1990, the

United States emerged as the ---- superpower.
A) excessive
B) accurate
D) initial
C) sole
6. More than 50 years ago, six European nations ---to submit their coal and steel industries to
common management, so that no single country
---- the weapons of war to be used against
another.
E) adequate
A) have agreed / had fabricated

B) agreed / could fabricate
C) had agreed / have fabricated
3. The economies of most oil-producing nations in

the Middle East rely ---- on exporting oil, just as
the economy of the West, particularly that of the
United States, depends on petroleum imports.
A) reluctantly
B) prosperously
D) previously
D) agree / will fabricate

E) may have agreed / had been fabricating
C) brutally
E) heavily
7. North Korea still ---- a vast police state that ---- a

network of concentration camps spanning the
country.
4. No achievement can please Islamic extremists

more than a break with what they ---- as the
Christian West.
A) exclude
D) view
B) confirm
A) was maintaining / has included
C) abolish
B) had maintained / would include
E) establish
C) is maintaining / had included

D) maintains / includes
E) maintained / will include

8. Most anthropologists think man ---- South
America around 12,000 years ago, although some
---- it much earlier.
12. The search for new sources of energy is a

continuing one, ---- the one provided by the fossil
fuels will eventually run out.
A) has settled / may have put
A) since
B) settles / are putting
B) so that
D) unless
C) even if
E) whenever
C) had settled / were putting

D) was settling / had put
E) settled / have put
13. In the Renaissance period, there was a wide

range of classical texts available to humanist
scholars, ---- some of these texts had survived
only in fragments or were only available in Greek.
9. ---- some cancers, the best therapy is a

combination ---- surgery, radiation, and
chemotherapy.
A) With / through
B) About / in
C) For / of
D) At / within
A) so long as
B) before
D) in case
C) whether
E) but
E) On / to
10. The modern era of Shakespeare scholarship has

been marked ---- an enormous amount of
investigation ---- the authorship, text, and
chronology of his plays.
A) from / at
B) by / into
C) down / over
D) out / of
14. Chinas art market is growing bigger all the time,

and it is doing ---- at the expense of America and
Britain.
A) so
B) as well
D) just in case
C) as such
E) almost
E) in / for
11. Soil pollution is caused by the presence of toxic

compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive
materials, or disease-causing agents ---- enter the
soil through industrial waste and pesticides.
A) when
B) whereby
D) while
15. In art history, primitivism is a notion crucial to

th
20 -century art and modern thinking ---- a
specific movement or group of artists.
C) just as
E) that
A) in that
B) instead of
C) the same as
D) rather than
E) whereas

ifadeyi bulunuz.
ifadeyi bulunuz.
People who (16)---- in malaria-infested areas or who

travel to them can take certain (17)----. They can use
long-lasting insecticide sprays in homes and
outbuildings, place screens (18)---- doors and
windows, use mosquito netting over their beds, and
apply mosquito repellents on their skin. They can
(19)---- wear enough clothing, (20)---- after sundown,
to protect as much of the skin as possible against
mosquito bites.
(21)---- there are dozens of indigenous languages

spoken throughout South America, this is, with the
(22)---- of Portuguese-speaking Brazil, a Spanishspeaking continent. However, the Spanish one hears
in South America does not always conform (23)---what one has learned in the classroom or heard on a
cassette, and even competent Spanish-speakers find
it takes a bit of getting used to. (24)---- the odd
differences in pronunciation, words from native
languages as well as various European languages
(25)---- the different dialects of South American
Spanish, giving them each their own unique
character.
16.
A) reduce
B) live
D) expose
C) discharge
21.
E) persist
A) If
B) Although
D) Whereas
C) When
E) Just as
17.
A) precautions
B) supplements
C) occurrences
D) setbacks
22.
E) levels
A) exception
B) contribution
C) involvement
D) partition
E) convention
18.
A) beyond
B) of
D) on
C) with
23.
E) till
A) up
B) at
D) in
19.
C) by
E) to
24.
A) either
B) more than
D) as such
C) also
E) as well as
A) In case of
B) So far as
C) In addition to
D) By means of
E) In accordance with
20.
A) similarly
B) extraordinarily
C) commonly
D) fairly
25.
E) particularly
A) would infiltrate
B) had infiltrated
C) infiltrated
D) have infiltrated
E) were infiltrating

28. ---- that either depend on those hormones or are
inhibited by them.

A) Hormone therapies raise or lower levels of

certain hormones to limit the growth of cancers
26. ----, but they provide a wonderful way to see the

countryside and the wildlife.
B) In the opinion of most physicians, surgery,

radiation therapy, and chemotherapy play
definite roles in treating tumours
A) Hitchhiking is still fairly common in some

European countries
C) Unfortunately, some tumours, such as those in

the stomach, pancreas, or kidney, respond only
partially to radiation therapy
B) There are several ferry services between France

and Britain
C) One of the finest ways to get a taste of life in
Finland is to go boating on a lake
D) Progress in cancer therapy has come with better

combinations of drugs, altered dosages, and
better coordination with radiation therapy
D) Cycling is certainly a most enjoyable way of

seeing parts of central France
E) Almost everyone who receives chemotherapy or

radiation therapy experiences certain side
effects, such as nausea or vomiting,
E) Trains in Argentina are much less frequent and

efficient than buses
29. ----, just as his sister represented female

excellence.
27. ----, even though the number of paintings he

produced wasnt large.
A) It is true that Leonardo da Vinci lived in Milan
until 1499 when the city was captured by the
French forces
A) Homers epic The Iliad, in which the Olympian

gods are portrayed, refers to Apollo as the god
who sends disease with his arrows
B) Leonardo da Vinci was born in or near the small

town of Vinci, a days journey from Florence
B) Apollo was one of the twelve gods of Olympus

and, during the Trojan War, he supported the
Trojans against the Greeks
C) Leonardo da Vincis writings on painting were

first published in 1651 in Paris from his scattered
notes as Treatise on Painting
C) In mythology, Apollo, who was the twin brother of

Artemis, known also as Diana, was considered
to represent masculine physical perfection
D) Leonardo da Vinci is one of the very few artists

whose reputation has from his own time onwards
always remained at the highest level
D) Among the ancient Greeks, Apollo was

worshipped not only as the god of poetic and
musical inspiration but also as the god of the sun
E) When Leonardo da Vinci came to Florence as a

young man, he became the Florentine painter
Verrocchios apprentice
E) In antiquity, Apollos temple at Delphi was often

visited by large crowds because it was a major
centre for prophesies

30. ---- because the Byzantine empire was the
uninterrupted successor of the Roman state.
33. ----, the Vietnam War, which relied on a

disproportionate number of black soldiers,
magnified racial inequality in the United States.
A) A new period in the history of Western

civilizations began in the seventh century
A) When President Johnson began the strategic

bombing of North Vietnam
B) It is impossible to date the beginning of

Byzantine history with any precision
B) As Martin Luther King, Jr., pointed out in the

1960s
C) The history of Western civilizations is largely a

story of rivalries and interactions
C) Although the South Vietnamese government

resisted efforts at reform
D) In medieval Italy, commerce and cities continued

to flourish due to trade with the East
D) Even if the peace talks in Paris between the

United States and North Vietnam failed
E) By 650 the Arabs had taken most of the

Byzantine territories, including Jerusalem
E) Since the 1954 Geneva Accords divided Vietnam

into North and South
31. Our knowledge of the Etruscans is severely

limited ----.
A) that, by the sixth century B.C., the Etruscans had
established a confederation of independent citystates
B) while Etruscan women enjoyed a comparatively
elevated place in society
34. Following World War II, Japan emerged as a

major industrial power because large state
subsidies supported the success of Japanese
firms, ----.
C) whether the Etruscans shared with the Greeks a

religion based on the worship of gods in human
form
A) if the Japanese government launched a series of

austere economic measures to reduce
unemployment
D) just as it appears that Etruscan settlements in

Italy go back to the late Bronze Age
E) since their language, although written in a Greek
alphabet, has not yet been fully deciphered
B) unless the firms themselves concentrated on the

efficiency and technical reliability of their
products
32. In the late 1920s, many politicians were

cautiously optimistic ----.
C) even though every Japanese government

regarded the creation of prosperity as a
fundamental patriotic duty
A) if the Nazis tried to eliminate the influences of

American popular culture, which they regarded
as an example of cultural degeneracy
D) while a well-funded programme of technical

education aided research and the development
of new goods
B) in case the Nazis, like other authoritarian

governments, had used mass media as an
efficient means of indoctrination and control
E) whereas Japan, as a fully industrialized country,

not only led the way but also became the most
influential model of success
C) that the economic troubles and political turmoil,

which had been brought about by World War I,
could easily be overcome
D) just as one powerful influence on the artists and
intellectuals of the time was neither social nor
political, but scientific
E) so that artists might continue to focus on
subjective experiences, multiplicities of meaning,
and personal expression

37. Renaissance humanism played some role in the
growing fascination with the intricate
mechanisms at work in the universe.
35. Galileo observed sunspots, ----.

A) which he sketched and documented as real
irregularities on the surface of the sun
A) Karmak bir ekilde ileyen mekanizmalarn

oluturduu evrene hayranlk duyulmasnda,
Rnesans hmanizmasnn oynad rol nemlidir.
B) since he claimed that the craters of the moon

were the features of its landscape
C) even if, with the support of the Medici family, he
was able to pursue his work on astronomy
B) Evrenin karmak mekanizmalardan olutuuna

ilikin dncenin giderek gelimesinde, Rnesans hmanizmasnn oynad rol hayranlk vericidir.
D) so long as his ideas on astronomy brought him

into conflict with powerful opponents
E) whether he was already a famous mathematician
at the University of Padua
C) Rnesans hmanizmas, evreni oluturan karmak mekanizmalarn ileyiine duyulan hayranlkta nemli rol oynamtr.
D) Rnesans hmanizmas, evrende ileyen karmak mekanizmalara ilikin giderek artan hayranlkta biraz rol oynamtr.
E) Evrende karmak mekanizmalarn ileyiine ilikin duyulan hayranln artmasnda, Rnesans
hmanizmasnn oynad rol olduka nemlidir.

38. Music in Western Europe in the fifteenth and

sixteenth centuries reached such a high point of
development that, like painting and sculpture, it
constituted one of the most brilliant aspects of
the era.
36. Kepler believed that everything in creation, from

human souls to the orbits of the planets, had
been created according to mathematical laws.
A) Bat Avrupada mzik, on beinci ve on altnc

yzyllarda yksek bir gelime noktasna ulam
olup, resim ve heykelin yan sra, dneminin parlak bir ynn ortaya koymutur.
A) Keplerin de inand gibi, insan ruhu ve gezegenlerin yrngeleri de dahil, dnyadaki her ey,
matematik yasalaryla uyumlu olarak yaratlmtr.
B) Keplerin inancna gre, insan ruhu ve gezegenlerin yrngeleri dahil her ey, matematik yasalarna uygun olarak yaratlmtr.
B) On beinci ve on altnc yzyllarda Bat Avrupa

da mzik, ylesine yksek bir gelime noktasna
ulat ki, resim ve heykel gibi, dnemin en parlak
ynlerinden birini oluturmutur.
C) Keplere gre, insan ruhu ve gezegenlerin yrngeleri de dahil her ey, matematik yasalaryla
tam bir uyum iinde yaratlmtr.
C) Mzik, on beinci ve on altnc yzyllarda, resim

ve heykele benzer yksek bir gelime gstermi
ve dneminin parlak bir ynn oluturmutur.
D) Kepler, her eyin, matematik yasalarna uygun

yaratldna ve buna, insan ruhu ile gezegenlerin yrngelerinin de dahil olduuna inanyordu.
D) On beinci ve on altnc yzyllarda Bat Avrupa

da yksek bir gelime gsteren mzik, tpk resim ve heykel gibi, dneminin en parlak ynn
temsil etmektedir.
E) Kepler, insan ruhundan gezegenlerin yrngelerine kadar, yaratlm olan her eyin, matematik
yasalarna gre yaratlm olduuna inanyordu.
E) Mziin, on beinci ve on altnc yzyllarda Bat

Avrupada yksek bir gelime dzeyine ulam
olmas, tpk resim ve heykel gibi, dnemin ok
parlak bir ynn ortaya koymaktadr.

39. In the 1960s, organized terrorist tactics became
an important part of political conflict in the Middle
East, Europe, and Latin America.

A) Orta Dou, Avrupa ve Latin Amerikadaki siyasal

atmalarn nemli bir yn olan rgtl terrist
taktikleri, 1960larda ortaya kmtr.
41. On bin yl kadar nce, buzullar yava yava

ekilirken, Akdenizin dou ucunda, bataklklar,
otlaklar ve evcil hayvanlardan oluan yeni bir
ekolojik alan ortaya kmtr.
B) rgtl terristlere zg taktikler, 1960larn Orta Dou, Avrupa ve Latin Amerikasndaki siyasal
atmalarn nemli bir boyutunu oluturmutur.
A) When glaciers receded over a period of thirteen

thousand years, marshes, grasslands and
domestic animals made up a new ecological
area at the eastern end of the Mediterranean
Sea.
C) 1960larda, rgtl terrist taktikler, Orta Dou,

Avrupa ve Latin Amerikada siyasal atmann
nemli bir paras olmutur.
B) It was exactly thirteen thousand years ago that,

as glaciers began to slowly disappear, there
emerged at the eastern end of the
Mediterranean Sea a new ecological area, which
consisted of marshes, arable lands, and
domesticated animals.
D) rgtl terristlerin taktikleri, 1960larda Orta

Dou, Avrupa ve Latin Amerikadaki siyasal
mcadelelerde nemli bir yer tutmutur.
E) Orta Dou, Avrupa ve Latin Amerikada 1960
lardaki siyasal mcadelelerin temelini, nemli
lde, rgtl terristlerin kulland taktikler
oluturmutur.
C) As glaciers slowly disappeared thirteen thousand

years ago, the eastern end of the Mediterranean
Sea turned into a new ecological area that
accommodated marshes, arable lands, and
domestic animals.
D) As glaciers began to recede slowly, the eastern
end of the Mediterranean Sea witnessed, about
thirteen thousand years ago, the development of
a new ecological area of marshes, grasslands
and domesticated animals.
E) About thirteen thousand years ago, when
glaciers slowly receded, a new ecological area of
marshes, grasslands and domestic animals
emerged at the eastern end of the
Mediterranean Sea.
40. Most historians have argued that the causes and

outcomes of the French Revolution should be
understood in terms of class interests.
A) ou tarihi, Fransz htilalinin nedenlerinin ve
sonularnn, snf karlar balamnda anlalmas gerektiini ileri srmlerdir.
B) Hemen hemen tm tarihiler, Fransz htilalinin
nedenlerini ve sonularn, snf karlar ile balantl olarak anlamak gerektiini vurgulamlardr.
C) Pek ok tarihi, Fransz htilalinin nedenlerinin
ve sonularnn anlalabilmesi iin, snf karlarnn esas alnmas gerektiini belirtmitir.
D) Fransz htilalinin nedenlerini ve sonularn anlayabilmek iin, tarihilerin ou, snf karlarn
temel alma gerei duymutur.
E) Tarihilerin ou, Fransz htilalinin nedenlerini
ve sonularn, snf karlar balamnda anlama
gerei duymutur.

43. Pek ok baka insan gibi, 1920lerde ve 1930larda romanclar, airler ve oyun yazarlar, I. Dnya
Savann insanlk d koullarndan ve zaferin,
vaatlerini yerine getirememesinden d krklna uramlardr.
42. 1870lerden itibaren, pazar, mal ve nfuz aray,

Avrupal sanayilemi lkelerin emperyalist yayln krklemi ve sonuta onlar ou kez birbirleriyle kar karya getirmitir.
A) From the 1870s on, search for markets, goods,
and influence fuelled the imperial expansion of
the European industrialized countries and,
consequently, often put them at odds with each
other.
A) It was because of the unbearable conditions of

World War I that, in the 1920s and 1930s,
novelists, poets, and dramatists as well as many
other people felt disillusioned and did not believe
that victory would fulfil its promises.
B) During the decades following the 1870s, the

imperial expansion of the European
industrialized countries was mainly characterized
through search for markets, goods, and
influence, which frequently led these countries
into hostilities.
B) Like many other people, novelists, poets and

dramatists in the 1920s and 1930s were
disillusioned by the inhuman conditions of World
War I and by the failure of victory to fulfil its
promises.
C) As of 1870, the industrialized countries of

Europe got into a search for markets, goods, and
influence and were, therefore, involved in
imperial expansion that made them hostile to
each other.
C) In the 1920s and 1930s, not only novelists, poets

and dramatists, but also many other people were
so disillusioned by the harsh facts of World War I
that, for them, the promises of victory could not
be fulfilled.
D) The imperial expansion of the European

industrialized countries gained much momentum
after the 1870s as they were in search of
markets, goods, and influence and,
consequently, acted most aggressively against
each other.
D) Besides the inhuman circumstances of World

War I, the failure of victory to fulfil its promises
made novelists, poets, dramatists and many
other people in the 1920s and 1930s extremely
disillusioned.
E) The brute circumstances of World War I and the
failure of victory to fulfil its promises made
novelists, poets, dramatists and various other
people feel very disillusioned in the 1920s and
1930s.
E) Search by the European industrialized countries

in the 1870s for markets, goods, and influence
led to imperial expansion and brought them into
serious hostilities.

44. Dadaist sanatlar, eserlerinin anlamsz ve gayriciddi olduunu iddia etmilerdir, ancak eletirmenler, farkl dnyor ve onlarn eserlerini bilinaltnn ifadeleri olarak gryorlard.
A) Upon dadaist artists claim that their works were

devoid of any meaning or serious purpose, critics
objected and asserted that dadaist works
essentially represented the subconscious.
46. One of the causes of World War II was the failure

to create lasting, binding standards for peace and
security in Europe in particular and in the world
at large. Diplomats spent the 1920s, trying to
restore such standards. Some put their faith in
the legal and moral authority of the League of
Nations. ---- Throughout the decade, a number of
leading European statesmen tried to reach a set
of agreements that would stabilize the peace and
prevent rearmament.
B) Although, for dadaist artists, their works had no

meaning or serious purpose, critics differed from
them and claimed that dadaist works
represented the subconscious.
C) Despite the fact that dadaist artists regarded
their works as meaningless and playful, critics
had a completely different view and argued that
dadaist works were actually concerned with the
subconscious.
A) Despite the good faith of many statesmen

involved, none of these agreements carried any
real weight.
B) Economic conditions in Europe were another
important cause of renewed conflict.
D) Dadaist artists claimed that their works were

meaningless and playful, but critics thought
otherwise and regarded their works as
expressions of the subconscious.
C) Others saw disarmament as the most promising

means of guaranteeing peace.
E) Contrary to the dadaist artists claim that in their

works there was no meaning or serious purpose,
critics maintained that dadaist works were all
expressions of the subconscious.
D) Politicians feared international relations would be

undermined by the growing imbalance of power
in Europe.
E) Moreover, the economic depression of the 1930s
contributed in several ways to the coming of the
war.
45. Tm zamanlarn en byk dnrlerinden biri

kabul edilen Einstein, yirminci yzyln balarnda, bizzat geleneksel fiziin temellerini sorgulamaya balamtr.
A) In the early years of the twentieth century,
Einstein, who had begun to question traditional
physics and its fundamentals, was regarded as
the greatest intellect of his time.
B) Einstein, who has long been considered to be
one of the great thinkers of our age, was
seriously concerned with traditional physics,
which he began to question in the early years of
the twentieth century.
C) It was at the beginning of the twentieth century
that Einstein, commonly regarded as a great
intellect of his time, began to ask questions
about the fundamentals of traditional physics.
D) As one of the greatest scientists of all time,
Einstein began in the early years of the twentieth
century to be concerned with the fundamentals
of traditional physics.
E) Recognized as one of the greatest intellects of
all time, Einstein began to question the very
foundations of traditional physics early in the
twentieth century.

49. Nineteenth-century liberals had confidence in
science. Not only did science deliver
technological and material progress, but it also
confirmed liberals faith in the power of human
reason to uncover and command the laws of
nature. ---- Evolutionary theory, psychology and
social sciences all introduced visions of
humanity that were sharply at odds with
conventional liberal wisdom. At the same time,
artists and intellectuals mounted their own revolt
against nineteenth-century conventions. Morals,
manners, institutions, and traditions: all
established values and assumptions were under
question.
47. Youth culture in America in the 1950s and 1960s

owed much to the hybrid musical style known as
rock and roll. During the 1930s and 1940s, the
synthesis of music produced by whites and
African Americans in the American South found
its way into northern cities. Indeed, from the
1950s onwards, black rhythm and blues
musicians and white Southern performers found
much wider audiences through the use of new
technology, such as electric guitars, better
equipment for studio recording, and wide-band
radio stations in large cities. The blend of styles
and sounds and the cultural daring of white
teenagers came to create rock and roll. ----
A) Geologists have always challenged the Biblical

account of creation.
A) This new music was exciting, sometimes

aggressive, but full of energy and with great
appeal for young listeners.
B) These upheavals in the world of ideas unsettled

older conceptions of individuality.
B) Much of the new mass culture of the 1960s

depended on the spending habits and desires of
the new generation.
C) Towards the end of the century, however,

scientific developments defied these
expectations.
C) The postwar desire to break with the past

created further impetus for change in every
sense, including politics.
D) The scientists of the time held the view that the

world had been formed over millions of years.
D) In the 1950s, governments rather than markets

determined how consumer goods would be
distributed.
E) The implications of Darwins writings went far

beyond the domain of the evolutionary sciences.
E) By the mid-1950s portable radios were being

sold in the United States and Europe.
48. ---- Like the French Revolution, they brought

down not only a regime, but an empire. Like the
French Revolution, they gave way to violence.
And again like the French Revolution, they had
sweeping international consequences. These
revolutions and the fall of the Soviet Union
marked the end of the Cold War, which had
structured international politics and shaped the
everyday lives of millions of people since the end
of World War II.
A) The Iron Curtain had established one of the most
rigid borders in European history.
B) The Eastern European revolutions of 1989 and
the subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union
were a revolutionary turning point.
C) The collapse of the Soviet Union opened up both
Russia and its former imperial dominions.
D) In the 1970s and 1980s, the Eastern European
nations faced serious financial difficulties.
E) The Czechs staged demonstrations against
Soviet domination towards the end of 1988.
10

50. In ancient Egypt most people were poor, living in
crowded conditions in simple mud-brick
dwellings. During the period of prosperity,
however, skilled artisans, such as jewellers,
goldsmiths, and the like, could elevate
themselves and enjoy nicer surroundings. ---- The
vast majority of Egyptians, however, were
peasants who, as unskilled labourers, provided
the brute force necessary for agriculture and
construction. Beneath them were slaves, typically
captives from foreign wars rather than native
Egyptians.
A) There can be little doubt that the massive
investment of labour and wealth required to build
the great pyramids put grave strains on Egyptian
society.
B) The pyramids were in fact raised by tens of
thousands of peasant workers, who most
probably participated willingly in the building
projects.
51. In antiquity, Miletus was a centre for speculative

thinking and philosophy. Beginning in the sixth
century B.C., a series of thinkers known as the
pre-Socratics raised serious questions about the
relationship between the natural world, the gods,
and men. The most famous of the pre-Socratics
were Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes, who
represented the so-called Milesian School. They
seem to have been remarkably familiar with
Babylonian astronomy. ---- In other words,
through their observations, they began to
formulate rational theories to explain the physical
universe.
A) The Milesians were very active in Egypt, where
they founded many colonies which became their
main trading outposts.
B) Stimulated by the cosmopolitanism of their city,
they also began to rethink their place in the
human world.
C) Calculating and observing the movements of the
heavens, they sought physical explanations for
what they saw.
C) Governmental control over the lives of individual

Egyptians was very strict, and the number of
administrative officials employed by the state
was quite high.
D) After the Persian conquest of Anatolia, many of

the Milesian philosophers fled to Sicily and
southern Italy.
D) Potters, weavers, masons, bricklayers, brewers,

merchants, and schoolteachers also enjoyed a
higher standard of living.
E) Miletus had long been a part of the Greek world,

but Babylonian influences also shaped Milesian
culture in important ways.
E) Gender divisions may have been less clearly

defined among the peasantry than they were
among the elites.
11

54. As a specialist on Middle Eastern affairs, you are
being interviewed by a journalist and are asked
about Western governments attitude towards the
Middle East. You think for a while and then state
in general terms:

52. One of the research assistants in your
department has written an abstract for a paper,
which he wishes to submit at an international
conference. He asks you to have a look at it and
advise him. Youve read the abstract and are
impressed by the originality of the topic. You say
to him:
A) Well, let me see. All I can say is that Western

governments have always treated the Middle
East as a vital strategic centre of gravity because
of its rich oil reserves.
B) I can tell you right away that the Wests needs
for oil have encouraged international
corporations to seek concessions from Middle
Eastern states.
A) In dealing with this topic, is it your purpose to

provoke the conference participants?
B) As far as I am concerned, the way you present
the topic is rather dull and flat.
C) Your question involves various issues. However,

let me say this: in the Middle East, processes of
modernization and globalization have produced
an anti-Western attitude.
C) I wonder why you have decided to choose such

a controversial topic for your paper.
D) I find your topic most unusual, and it will certainly
arouse much interest.
E) The abstract needs to have more clarity although
the topic itself is a common one.
53. At a panel of historians, a controversial issue is

under discussion. One of the historians has
referred to a number of documents as evidence
to defend his point of view. You notice that the
contents of the documents significantly differ
from each other and are mostly irrelevant. So you
intervene by saying to this historian:
A) I dont think any of us has had the opportunity to
see these documents, which obviously contain
much evidence about the issue under
discussion.
D) Certainly, the oil boom brought about by the

increasing Western demand in the 1980s and
1990s has ultimately led to fierce competition
among Middle Eastern producer states.
E) It is a fact that Western powers are always
prepared to intervene by force if the stability of
oil production is jeopardized.
55. Your new book on Shakespeare has been much

acclaimed by critics. So you have often been
invited to give talks, but now you feel that these
talks are very tiring and need to be limited. You
discuss this with your wife and say:
A) Because critics have praised my book on
Shakespeare, I have been overwhelmed by a
flood of invitations to give talks, which I indeed
find very thrilling.
B) The documents you have presented as evidence

throw much light on the issue we have been
discussing.
B) Since Shakespeare has been my major

academic interest, dear, I am glad that I have
finally written a comprehensive book on him,
which has brought me much popularity.
C) As one can see from the documents you have

presented, you must have carried out a great
deal of careful research on the issue.
C) My dear, I would never refrain from giving talks

on Shakespeare although they can be extremely
exhausting and take all my free time.
D) Like my colleagues here, I have much respect

for the quality of your research and have no
objection to the evidence you have presented
here.
D) Dear, much has already been written on

Shakespeare, but my recent book, which has
made me famous, is actually the product of long
and painstaking research.
E) I am afraid the evidence you have presented

through these documents is contradictory and
has nothing to do with the issue under
discussion.
E) The publication of my book on Shakespeare has

put me in the limelight, and I am constantly being
invited to give talks. But I find this exhausting;
so, dear, Im going to turn down most invitations.
12

56. A graduate student of yours is doing research on
Napoleons imperial aims. You wish to give him a
guideline so that his research might not drift into
other matters about Napoleon. So you say to him:
A) One can suggest that the main moral cause of
Napoleons fall as an emperor was his
unmasterable ambition.
B) I think the essence of Napoleons imperialism
was to reconstitute Europe as a new Roman
empire, ruled from Paris.
57. At a company meeting today, you are expected to

present your report on the new trends in
marketing. However, your little boy is suddenly
taken ill and, therefore, it will be impossible for
you to attend the meeting. So you call the
director and ask him to excuse you, proposing
that you submit the report at the next meeting.
You say:
A) Unfortunately, my little one is not well, and my
apologies for not being able to attend the
meeting. I should be grateful if you could excuse
me, and I can present my marketing report at the
next meeting.
C) Like the Roman emperors, Napoleon erected

triumphal columns and arches to commemorate
his victories.
B) I am afraid you will have to excuse me today

since my little one is very ill. As for the report
about marketing, I can present it any time you
wish me to.
D) It is true that Napoleon made his brothers and

sisters the monarchs of his newly created
kingdoms.
E) In military terms, Napoleon was a master of welltimed, well-directed shock attacks on the
battlefield.
C) I am calling you to tell you that I cannot present

my marketing report today at the meeting
because my boy is seriously ill. I can definitely
present the report at the next meeting.
D) Let me tell you right away that I wont be at the
meeting today because of my boys illness. My
report on marketing is ready and can be
presented at the next meeting.
E) Since my little boy is not feeling well, I have
decided not to attend the meeting today.
However, if you agree, I can present the report at
the meeting next week.
13

cmleyi bulunuz.
58. (I) British dominance of the slave trade in the late
seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries gave it
decisive economic advantages over other nations.
(II) As one Englishman wrote in 1749, the slave trade
had provided an inexhaustible fund of wealth to this
nation. (III) But even apart from the slave trade, the
value of colonial commerce was increasing
dramatically during the eighteenth century. (IV) Like
the Spanish colonies, the French colonies in the New
World were established and administered as direct
crown enterprises. (V) For instance, British foreign
trade increased in value from 10 million in the 1730s
to 40 million in the 1750s.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
62. (I) During the Late Bronze Age, trade became an

increasingly important aspect of international
relations. (II) Seaborne trade flourished up and down
the coast of the eastern Mediterranean, allowing
smaller, seaside centres to become powerful
merchant city-states. (III) The great coastal cities of
the eastern Mediterranean became wealthy entrepts
for the exchange of a bewildering variety of goods.
(IV) Bronze Age Greece was an important and wellintegrated part of the Mediterranean world. (V) At the
same time, the great states of the region continued to
exploit their control of overland trade routes, relying
more than ever on moving goods to an international
market.
A) I
E) V
60. (I) Cervantess masterpiece, the satirical novel Don

Quixote, recounts the adventures of a Spanish
gentleman, Don Quixote of La Mancha. (II) Indeed,
Cervantes was fully aware of the developments of the
novel as a new literary form. (III) In the novel, Don
Quixote is fifty years old and has already become
unbalanced by his constant reading of chivalric epics.
(IV) His mind is filled with all kinds of fantastic
adventures. (V) So, he sets out on a knightly
adventure, imagining windmills to be giants, and
flocks of sheep to be armies of infidels.
A) I
A) I
E) V
59. (I) Between 1800 and the middle of the twentieth

century, the worldwide population roughly tripled,
rising from 1 to 3 billion. (II) Like past scientific
investigations directed at humankind, genetics has
raised fundamental questions about ethics and
humanity. (III) Between 1960 and 2000, however, the
population doubled again, to 6 billion or more.
(IV) Obviously, improvements in basic standards of
health have contributed to this dramatic increase.
(V) Yet such growth has strained the capacity of
social services, public-health facilities, and urban
infrastructures.
A) I
61. (I) Between 1540 and 1660, Europe was racked by a

combination of religious wars, political rebellions, and
economic crises. (II) Hence, confidence in traditional
structures of social, religious, and political authority
was undermined. (III) The result was fear, scepticism,
and a search for new, more certain foundations on
which to rebuild the social, political, and religious
order of Europe. (IV) However, for artists and
intellectuals, the period proved to be one of the most
creative epochs in the history of Europe. (V) Like
Shakespeare, Rembrandt knew that lifes journey is
full of perils, but his most mature paintings suggest
that these can be mastered with a courageous
awareness of ones human shortcomings.
E) V
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
63. (I) The Mongols were one of a number of nomadic

peoples inhabiting the steppes of Central Asia.
(II) Although closely connected with various Turkishspeaking peoples with whom they frequently
intermarried, the Mongols spoke their own distinctive
language and had their own homeland to the north of
the Gobi Desert in present-day Mongolia. (III) In fact,
it was not until the late thirteenth century that
Europeans began to establish direct trading
connections with India, China, and the Spice
Islands of the Indonesian archipelago. (IV) Like
many nomadic peoples throughout history, they were
highly accomplished cavalry soldiers and constantly
raided the sedentary peoples to their south. (V) It was
in part to control such raiding from Mongolia that the
Chinese built the famous Great Wall.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
14

66. The very term postcolonial underlines the fact
that colonialisms legacies have endured in
former colonies even after independence.

A) As can be understood from the term

postcolonial, the independence of former
colonies has been undermined by the
continuation of colonial practices.
64. Historians emphasize Byzantine trade and

industry because these provided most of the
surplus wealth that supported the state.
A) There is a general consensus among historians
that the economic importance of trade and
industry in the Byzantine empire cannot be
ignored.
B) Although former colonies have gained their

independence, it is true that, as the term
postcolonial itself indicates, they still feel the
impact of colonialism.
B) According to historians, in the Byzantine empire,

trade and industry played a relatively important
role in the economy.
C) What is meant by the term postcolonial is that

former colonies, which are now independent,
have failed to preserve their colonial institutions.
C) As far as historians are concerned, the economic

prosperity of the Byzantine state depended, to
some extent, on commercial and industrial
activities.
D) It is commonly recognized by historians that the
Byzantine state could not have survived without
the economic contributions of trade and industry.
D) The fact that former colonies, which have all

gained their independence, have got rid of their
colonial past is indicated by the term
postcolonial.
E) Since the independence of former colonies has
enabled them to be aware of their colonial past,
this is best defined by the term postcolonial.
E) Since the Byzantine state largely depended on

the revenues generated by trade and industry,
historians attach much importance to them.
65. No sooner did Israel declare its independence in

May 1948 than its five neighbouring states
invaded it.
67. The global demand for oil increased enormously

during the postwar era and has accelerated since.
A) In the decades following World War II, there was
a dramatic increase in the demand for oil
throughout the world, and this has continued at
an even faster rate.
A) As soon as Israel declared its independence in

May 1948, it was invaded by the five countries
bordering it.
B) The invasion of Israel by its five neighbours had
already been decided before its independence
was declared in May 1948.
B) There was a serious increase in the demand for

oil after World War II, and in fact the demand has
never slowed down.
C) It was in May 1948 that, following its declaration

of independence, Israel faced an invasion by its
five neighbours.
C) The worldwide demand for oil, which has never

stopped, was particularly high in the years
following World War II.
D) When Israel declared its independence in May

1948, its five neighbours decided to invade it.
D) Soon after World War II, the demand for oil in the
world was quite high and has seldom fallen.
E) Upon Israels declaration of independence in

May 1948, the five states that bordered it jointly
invaded it.
E) Following World War II, oil became so important

that there was an increasing demand for it, and
today the demand for oil is still very high.
15

68. Though the Germans were not the most
enthusiastic colonialists, they were still
fascinated by other European powers imperial
policies.
69. The persistent fears in connection with such

terrorist groups as al Qaeda have to do with the
chemical, biological, and also nuclear weapons
that they might use.
A) The imperial policies put into effect by other

European powers exceedingly exasperated the
Germans who were themselves utterly indifferent
to colonialism.
A) The possibility that terrorist groups such as al

Qaeda might resort to chemical, biological and
even nuclear weapons gives rise to continuing
fears.
B) The Germans did not cherish a keen interest in

colonialism, but they were immensely interested
in the imperial policies pursued by other
European powers.
B) The use by al Qaeda and other terrorist groups

of such weapons as chemical, biological and
also nuclear causes a great deal of widespread
fear.
C) Since colonialism did not appeal to the Germans,

their interest in the imperial policies of other
European powers was rather superficial.
C) It is just possible that al Qaeda and other similar

terrorist groups might get hold of chemical,
biological and nuclear weapons, and this is the
main reason why they are feared.
D) The Germans, for whom colonialism did not

matter much, were fully aware of the imperial
policies that other European powers were
pursuing.
D) So long as al Qaeda and other terrorist groups

have the opportunity to have access to chemical,
biological and also nuclear weapons, there can
be no end to the prevailing fears.
E) While the Germans refused to practise

colonialism, other European powers developed
imperial policies that caught the German
attention.
E) If terrorist groups, including al Qaeda, come to

possess chemical, biological and nuclear
weapons, this will certainly give rise to much
fear.
16

71. Terence:
- It is a fact that the overseas maritime
explorations in the late fifteenth and early
sixteenth centuries improved our knowledge of
geography tremendously.

70. John:
- Good morning, Christine. By the way, have you
seen this article on North Korea?
Jim:
- Well, we all know it. Why do you bring it up?
Christine:
- Ive just come to the office. You know mornings
are always a rush. Tell me what the main
argument is.
John:
- ----
Terence:
- ---Jim:
- Naturally, the same view was held by the
Church and also the crusaders.
A) Ancient geographers divided the earth into five
climatic zones that are still recognized today.
Christine:
- Besides that, there may also be other hidden
reasons such as the provision of nuclear
weapons to international terrorist groups.
B) Actually, in antiquity, geography owed most of its

development to the Hellenistic astronomer
Eratosthenes.
A) Let me tell you this: historically, at the end of

World War II, the Soviet Union occupied the
northern part of the Korean peninsula, while the
Americans held the south.
C) The amazing thing is that, by means of sundials

placed some hundreds of miles apart, the
astronomer Eratosthenes calculated the
circumference of the earth.
B) You know that, after the loss in 1991 of Soviet

patronage, the isolated North Korean
government faced a very serious economic
disaster, with verified reports of local starvation
in some regions of the country.
D) For the simple reason that the world was

understood differently and wrongly in the Middle
Ages. For instance, medieval geographers
regarded Jerusalem as the centre of the earth.
C) It emphasizes that the North Korean government

has pursued the development of a nuclear
arsenal not for self-defence, but as a bargaining
chip against Japan and the United States.
E) In fact, it was the Hellenistic astronomer and

geographer Eratosthenes that first suggested the
possibility of reaching eastern Asia by sailing
west.
D) As you may recall, in June 1950, the communist

North Korean troops attacked across the border
that divided the Korean peninsula and crushed
resistance in the south.
E) Agreed. Yet Japan and the Western states have
always feared that North Korea may be secretly
helping Iran and other rogue states to develop
nuclear weapons.
17

72. George:
- Recently I have been much interested in the
social history of the marketplace in medieval
England, on which I plan to write a book.
73. Fred:
- I have been doing some research for a paper on
the emergence of fascism in Italy. There is a
vast amount of material that I have to consult. A
tough job.
Juliet:
- The social history of the marketplace? It is
rather a dull subject, isnt it?
Colleague:
- I agree. Not an easy one. You know, like many
European nations, Italy emerged from World
War I at a heavy cost, but surely there were
various causes for the rise of fascism in the
country.
George:
- ---Juliet:
- Really? Then I take back what Ive just said. Ill
be keenly interested in what you write about it.
Fred:
- ----
A) Well, in a way, yes. In the past and today, the

marketplace was just a site for the buying and
selling of commodities.
B) On the contrary. In fact, the heart of the matter is
that the marketplace served as a place to
socialize and a forum for interaction among
people from all walks of life.
C) At first glance, it would seem that there are many
differences between the marketplaces of the
past and the marketplaces of today.
D) Unfortunately, the stock and commodities
exchanges and malls have none of the spirit of
the traditional marketplace.
Colleague:
- I am sure, as I gather from what you are saying,
your paper will provide us with a full account of
how Italy turned to fascism.
A) Under Mussolini, the Italian economy was placed
under the management of twenty-two
corporations, each responsible for a major
industrial enterprise.
B) In fact, I will mainly focus on how Italy was
divided into a prosperous industrialized north
and a poor agrarian south.
C) To tell you the truth, World War I had cost Italy
nearly seven hundred thousand lives and over
$15 billion.
E) Exactly. It is hard to define the purpose and goal

of the marketplace not only in England but also
in the rest of Europe.
D) In my opinion, you are mistaken when you claim

that the Italian fascist movement depended
heavily on Mussolinis leadership.
E) Undoubtedly. Among them can be mentioned
political corruption, weaknesses of parliamentary
democracy, high inflation, rising unemployment,
and nationwide strikes.
18

75. Philip:
- I see that you are reading Homers great epic
The Iliad? By the way, have you ever heard
about Heinrich Schliemann?
74. Harry:
- Today, at the conference, two professors were
involved in a fierce debate about the Marshall
Plan. They really got on each others nerves.
Edward:
- Yes, I have. He was an amateur German
archaeologist, who lived in the nineteenth
century.
Janet:
- Sorry, dear. I know nothing about the Marshall
Plan. You must first tell me about it.
Harry:
- ----
Philip:
- ----
Janet:
- I see. Since it was certainly to the benefit of
Europe, I cant understand why the two
professors should quarrel about it.
Edward:
- How come? I wonder what details in The Iliad
must have led him to such a discovery.
A) As an amateur archaeologist, many of
Schliemanns perceptions of Bronze Age Greece
were mistaken and superficial.
A) As far as I am concerned, among the most

striking aspects of World War IIs aftermath was
the speed with which Germany was reintegrated
into Europe.
B) What else? Let me tell you the most intriguing

thing about him. By using The Iliad as his guide,
he found the site of Troy near the coast of
northwest Anatolia.
B) Indeed, the United States countered the

expansion of Soviet power and kept communist
movements based in Europe.
C) It was an American programme that started in
1948 and provided $13 billion in aid for the
industrial redevelopment and economic recovery
of Europe.
D) The American government forced certain terms
on the countries participating in the Marshall
Plan such as decontrol of prices, restraints on
wages, and balanced budgets.
C) Since the ancient Greeks treasured many

legends about their heroic and distant past,
Homers epics appealed to them a great deal.
D) Actually, Schliemann was right in believing that
the legendary king Agamemnon was buried with
a gold mask.
E) In Homers epics, it is the Mycenaean civilization
of Bronze Age Greece that is represented, but
this civilization came to an end around the end of
the twelfth century B.C.
E) On the other hand, the Soviets viewed the

Marshall Plan as the United States deliberate
intervention in Europes affairs and, therefore,
strongly objected to it.
19

77. As stressed in the passage, heroic myths and
epics ----.

cevaplaynz.
The heroic myths and epics of a society teach its
members the appropriate attitudes, behaviour, and
values of that culture. These myths are of particular
interest and value to us. Not only are they exciting
adventure stories, but in these myths we see
ourselves, drawn larger and grander than we are, yet
with our human weaknesses as well as our strengths.
As for heroes, they are the models of human
behaviour for their society. They earn lasting fame by
performing great deeds that help their community,
and they inspire others to emulate them. Heroes are
forced by circumstance to make critical choices
where they must balance one set of values against
competing values. They achieve heroic stature in part
from their accomplishments and in part because they
emerge from their trials as more sensitive and
thoughtful human beings. Yet heroes are not the
same throughout the world. They come from cultures
where individuals may earn fame in a variety of ways.
This permits them to express their individuality.
However, in spite of their extraordinary abilities, no
hero is perfect. Yet their human weaknesses are
often as instructive as their heroic qualities. Their
imperfections allow ordinary people to identify with
them and to like them, since everyone has similar
psychological needs and conflicts.
76. It is suggested in the passage that the trials that

heroes undergo ----.
A) can be understood from various angles since

they are the products of different cultures
B) represent different attitudes that heroes adopt
during the course of their adventures
C) illustrate various sets of values that are always
contrary to each other
D) essentially show why heroes moral
imperfections become the cause of their downfall
E) are morally useful because one learns from them
how to conduct oneself properly
78. One understands from the passage that myths

----.
A) are usually the outcome of conflicting values in

society and can therefore be most painful
A) are not as instructive as epics, which in fact

describe heroes that, from a moral point of view,
are absolutely perfect
B) make up the contents of those myths and epics

which have survived to our time
B) appeal to very few people because they are

mere fictions that contain nothing but only
adventures
C) can be described in a variety of ways, although

they are mainly related to their needs
C) are a kind of mirror through which are reflected

not only our virtues but also our shortcomings
D) have a positive impact on their character

whereby they attain a high moral status
D) are so concerned with human weaknesses that

even ordinary people do not identify themselves
with mythical heroes
E) enable a society to become aware of its

weaknesses and find ways to get rid of them
E) represent only universal values and attitudes, as

they do not belong to a specific society or culture
20

79. It is pointed out in the passage that a heros fame
----.
A) derives from his achievements that are for the
good of his people
80. As asserted in the passage, we can learn ----.

A) from myths why and how heroes perform great
deeds
B) both from heroes imperfections and from their
heroic qualities
B) does not last long, since he is easily overcome

by his weaknesses
C) from heroes adventures that there are various

ways to understand our weaknesses
C) is recognized throughout the world because of

his extraordinary abilities
D) the history of a community through a close study

of its heroic past
D) encourages ordinary people to identify

themselves with him
E) from epics whether every hero earns lasting

fame in the same way
E) depends on his ability to accomplish the

impossible
21

82. According to the passage, the geography of the
Mycenaean civilization ----.

cevaplaynz.
Our knowledge of the Mycenaean civilization in
Greece is based primarily upon what archaeologists
have been able to discover. Fortunately, they have
located and studied the ruins of a number of
important Mycenaean sites both in Greece and in
Troy, the site of Homers Ilium in Turkey. The
material available to archaeologists is very limited,
due to the ravages of time, weather, fire, and theft.
The materials that have survived include objects such
as jewelry, pottery, metal utensils, and various kinds
of weapons. In addition, archaeologists have found a
large number of clay tablets, inscribed with a
language called Linear B, which they can read. It
now becomes clear that the Mycenaean civilization in
full bloom far surpassed in complexity and wealth
many of the Greek civilizations that followed it. The
Mycenaeans were an aggressive people who loved
fighting, hunting, and athletic contests. Their land
was mountainous and their soil rocky and dry.
Therefore, they took to the sea and became
fearsome raiders of other communities. In this way
they acquired extraordinary wealth.
A) has caused a great deal of controversy among

archaeologists
B) was defined only after the Linear B clay tablets
were deciphered
C) was unknown to Homer, who was interested in
Troy alone
D) made up only a very small portion of Greece
E) was not limited to Greece only
83. It is clear from the passage that the Mycenaean

civilization ----.
81. As clearly stated in the passage, the Mycenaean

economy ----.
A) was culturally and economically very

complicated and, therefore, little known
A) is best represented by various objects

discovered by archaeologists
B) reached its climax when the Linear B language

was introduced into Greece
B) can be fully understood from archaeological

excavations
C) can best be studied through Homers

descriptions of it
C) depended not so much on agriculture as on

piracy and plunder
D) was far more advanced and powerful than many

other Greek civilizations
D) was so strong that people invested heavily in

jewelry and weapons
E) did not last long because of the raids made upon

it by other communities
E) has been a major concern of investigation

among archaeologists
22

84. As asserted in the passage, the Mycenaeans ----.
85. As stated in the passage, archaeological

discoveries ----.
A) seem to have been very skilled in the art of

jewelry
A) are the primary source of information on the

Mycenaean civilization
B) were noted for their warlike character

C) attacked Troy, which Homer refers to as Ilium
B) have provided us with plenty of evidence about

the Mycenaean arts
D) surpassed all the other Greek peoples in athletic

contests
C) have thrown much light on the structure of the

Linear B language
E) were much advanced in the making of all kinds

of weapons
D) show that Troy was an extremely prosperous city

E) clearly indicate that the Mycenaeans were the
founders of various Greek cities
23

87. According to the passage, compared with other
continents, Europe ----.

cevaplaynz.
The loss of global biodiversity is occurring at an
alarming rate. Since the 1970s, the area of tropical
forests destroyed worldwide exceeds the land mass
of the European Union. Animal and plant species are
disappearing. Overfishing has depleted stocks
around the world. Poor farming practices have
depleted soils while allowing the invasion of harmful
species. Destruction of wetlands has left low-lying
areas extremely vulnerable to storms and natural
disasters. Especially in Europe, ecosystems have
suffered more human-induced damage than those on
any other continent. Only about 3 per cent of
Europes forests can be classified as undisturbed by
humans, and the continent has lost more than half of
its wetlands. The spread of urbanization and the
over-exploitation of resources is having an enormous
impact on biodiversity.
A) is far more advanced in the improvement of its

farming practices
B) owns a far greater area of wetlands and forests
with a wide range of animal species
C) is the only continent to have had its ecosystems
most extensively damaged
D) has suffered so much loss in its biodiversity that
its variety of plant species has declined a great
deal
E) has been able to sustain the diversity of its
animal species despite the spread of
urbanization
88. As clearly stressed in the passage, the

biodiversity in the world ----.
86. In the passage, attention is drawn to the fact that

a very small percentage of the forests in Europe
----.
A) has been completely immune from any kind of

human-induced damage
A) seem to have been over-exploited and,

therefore, ecologically damaged
B) have been reserved for animal and plant species
B) can only be sustained through the preservation

of forests as well as wetlands
C) have been used for urbanization and exploited
C) can be preserved intact only if poor farming

practices can be prevented globally
D) can be considered to be ecologically suitable for

biodiversity
D) is declining so fast that its effects can be

observed in various ways
E) have remained untouched by human exploitation
E) can best be observed in tropical forests, which

also contain large areas of wetlands
24

90. It is clear that the passage ----.
89. It is claimed in the passage that the depletion of

global fish stocks ----.
A) is primarily concerned with the over-exploitation

of resources in the world and its damaging
effects on global biodiversity
A) has mainly resulted from the loss of wetlands on

all the continents
B) has an adverse impact on the worlds
biodiversity
B) is a detailed discussion of the range of measures

that need to be taken in order to sustain the
current state of global biodiversity
C) has caused much damage to Europes

ecosystems in particular
C) describes in detail how, due to the spread of

urbanization, the area of the forests in Europe
has been reduced enormously
D) is far more alarming in the tropical regions than

in any other part of the world
D) is a full account of the major causes of soil

depletion and puts forward a number of
suggestions for prevention
E) cannot be prevented unless overfishing is

forbidden worldwide
E) essentially focuses on the causes as well as the

consequences of the loss of biodiversity in the
world in general and in Europe in particular
25

92. One understands from the passage that, because
Marxs paper opposed the policies of the
Prussian government, ----.

cevaplaynz.
The father of modern socialism, Karl Marx (18181883) was barely known in the early nineteenth
century. His reputation rose later, after 1848, when a
wave of revolutions and violent confrontation seemed
to confirm his distinctive theory of history and make
earlier socialists emphasis on peaceful
reorganization of industrial society seem naive. As a
child, he grew up in Trier, in the western section of
Germany, in a region and a family keenly interested
in the political debates and movements of the
revolutionary era. His family was Jewish, but his
father had converted to Protestantism in order to be
able to work as a lawyer. Marx studied law briefly at
the University of Berlin before turning instead to
philosophy and particularly to the ideas of Hegel.
With the so-called Young Hegelian, a group of
rebellious students who hated the narrow thinking of
a deeply conservative Prussian university system,
Marx appropriated Hegels concepts for his radical
politics. His radicalism made it impossible for him to
get a post in the university. He became a journalist
and, from 1842 to 1843, edited the Rheinische
Zeitung (Rhineland Gazette). The papers criticism of
legal privilege and political repression put it on a
collision course with the Prussian government, which
closed it down and sent Marx into exile first in
Paris, then Brussels, and eventually London.
A) he was completely deprived of his legal rights
91. As clearly pointed out in the passage, while Marx

was studying in Berlin, ----.
93. According to the passage, Marxs novel idea of

history ----.
B) it faced much political repression before it was

finally closed down
C) he was denied the right to apply for a post at the
University of Berlin
D) he was punished by exile out of Germany
E) it was no longer allowed to publish political
debates
A) it was not in law, but in philosophy, that his

interests lay
A) was wholly based on his experiences of life and

politics in Trier where he grew up
B) he discovered that Germanys university system

was largely inspired by Hegels ideas
B) ruled out the former socialist view that it was

possible to reorganize industrial society
peacefully
C) the Young Hegelians began to demand radical

reforms in the German university system
C) was most effectively spread through the

newspaper that he edited in 1842 and 1843
D) he turned to journalism and constantly criticized

the governments repression of radicalism
D) was strongly opposed by the Young Hegelians

who hated radicalism and revolutions
E) he noticed that there was a great deal of antisemitism among the Young Hegelians
E) did not have much impact on the rise and

development of modern socialism
26

94. It is implied in the passage that, in his radicalism,
Marx was ----.
95. It is clear from the passage that, since Marxs

father was Jewish, ----.
A) so much ahead of his contemporaries that he

was often misunderstood by them
A) he was allowed to work as a lawyer only in Trier,

but not in any other region of Germany
B) primarily inspired by the debates and

revolutionary movements of earlier socialists
B) he was constantly harassed and intimidated by

the Prussian government
C) never influenced by the revolutions and violent

confrontations of 1848
C) it was impossible for him to practise law in

Germany unless he became a Protestant
D) so inspired by the rebellions of the Young

Hegelians that he actively took part in them
D) there was much discrimination against him at the

University of Berlin, where he studied law
E) originally influenced by his family that took much

interest in radical politics
E) he and his family preferred to live in Trier, where

there was no political repression at all
27

97. As suggested in the passage, oil ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) was so manipulated politically a century ago that

its production was often disrupted
Oil has provided humanity with many benefits,

including affordable energy to reduce our workloads
and improve our mobility. Because oil is such an
important and visible part of our daily lives, and
because it is exceptionally open to political
manipulations, it often receives an enormous amount
of attention. This is especially true whenever its price
increases sharply, and experts immediately get to
work to diagnose the cause and consequences of the
price increase. In fact, the future of oil is not that
much different from its past: undoubtedly, oil
production and consumption will become cleaner and
more efficient, but prices will continue to be volatile,
and the oil industry will continue to be blamed for
conflicts, corruption, and pollution. And for all the
current talk about the end of the oil age, it will remain
a vital source of energy as it is now, nearly a century
after the first warnings about soaring consumption
and limited resources.
96. According to the passage, warnings were first

given almost a century ago that ----.
B) has unfortunately lost its economic value due to

the fact that the oil age has come to an end
C) has been the major cause of political instability in
the world for nearly a century
D) has always been a major source of affordable
energy and had a positive impact on our lives
E) is produced currently in enormous amounts in
order to meet the soaring global demand for
cleaner energy
98. In the passage, ----.
A) there would be a sharp decline in oil

consumption throughout the world as alternative
energy resources became available
A) the writer makes a strong defence of the oil

industry and does not consider it to be
responsible for any wrongdoing
B) there could be serious disruptions of global oil

supply in the future owing to political
manipulations and conflicts
B) the main emphasis has been put on the

indispensable uses of oil for mans comfort and
prosperity
C) the consequences of soaring prices for oil would

be extremely unbearable unless new economic
measures were put into effect
C) there is much concern expressed about the

consequences of current oil consumption in the
world
D) oil would cease to be a vital source of energy in

the near future because of the growing rate of
pollution
D) some hope is expressed about the improvement

and increasing efficiency of global energy
resources
E) oil consumption would continue to increase

enormously and that the resources for oil were
not infinite
E) much attention has been given to the importance

of experts work in diagnosing the cause of
increasing oil prices
28

100. It is stressed in the passage that the production
of oil ----.

writer does not believe that, ----.
A) in view of limited energy resources, the amount
of oil consumed yearly will have to be restricted
A) is no longer important since much cleaner

energy resources are available today
B) despite volatile oil prices, there will be a

noticeable increase in current oil production
B) must be absolutely free from any kind of political

manipulation
C) contrary to ongoing discussions today, the age of

oil has drawn to a close
C) has changed very little in amount and price over

a century
D) similar to other industries, the oil industry is to be

blamed for political manipulations in the world
D) has been adversely affected by currently volatile

prices
E) like other sources of energy, oil can be regarded

as a major cause of environmental pollution
E) will certainly be carried out in a cleaner and more

efficient manner in the future
TEST BTT.
29

1. 2010-KPDS lkbahar Dnemi Snava Giri ve Kimlik
2. Adaylarn cep telefonu, ar cihaz, telsiz, fotoraf
makinesi, cep bilgisayar, saat fonksiyonu dnda
fonksiyonu olan saat, hesap makinesi, szlk, kitap,
defter, msvedde kd, pergel, aler, cetvel ve
benzeri her trl ara gerele, silah ve benzeri
tehizatla snava girmesi kesinlikle yasaktr. Bu
aralarla snava girmi adaylarn kimlikleri mutlaka
Salon Snav Tutanana yazlacak, bu adaylarn
snav geersiz saylacaktr.
kalnz.
nemlidir.
SYM Temsilcisi bir salondaki snavn, kurallara uygun biimde yaplmadn, toplu kopya giriiminde

9. Cevaplarn cevap kdna iaretlenmi olmas gerekir. Soru kitapna iaretlenen cevaplar geerli
deildir.
Soru kitapnda her sayfada basl bulunan soru
kitap trnn, kitapn n kapanda basl soru
kitap tr ile ayn olup olmadn kontrol ediniz.
Farkl olmas durumunda Salon Bakanndan yeni bir
soru kitap isteyiniz. Soru kitapnzn trnn
deiik olduunu daha sonra fark ederseniz, size o
zamana kadar cevaplama yaptnz trden, hatasz
bir soru kitap verilmesi iin Salon Bakanna
bavurunuz.
doldurarak belirtiniz. Cevap kdnzda iaretlediiniz Soru Kitap Tr salon grevlileri tarafndan snav ncesi kontrol edilerek paraflanacaktr.
Sizin iaretlediiniz ve salon grevlilerinin parafladklar kitapk tr arasnda fark olmas hlinde
salon grevlilerinin parafladklar kitapk tr dikkate
alnacaktr.
kitapnn zerine adnz, soyadnz, T.C. Kimlik
Numaranz ve bu salonun Salon Numarasn yaznz.
Snav sonunda soru kitapklar toplanacak ve
SYMde tek tek incelenecektir. Soru kitapnn bir
sayfas bile eksik karsa snavnz geersiz saylacaktr.
yasaktr.
14. Snav salonundan ayrlmadan nce, soru kitapnz, cevap kdnz ve 2010-KPDS lkbahar

2 MAYIS 2010
NGLZCE
A KTAPII
1. A
26. E
51. C
76. D
2. C
27. D
52. D
77. E
3. E
28. A
53. E
78. C
4. D
29. C
54. A
79. A
5. A
30. B
55. E
80. B
6. B
31. E
56. B
81. C
7. D
32. C
57. A
82. E
8. E
33. B
58. D
83. D
9. C
34. D
59. B
84. B
10. B
35. A
60. B
85. A
11. E
36. E
61. E
86. E
12. A
37. D
62. D
87. C
13. E
38. B
63. C
88. D
14. A
39. C
64. E
89. B
15. D
40. A
65. A
90. E
16. B
41. E
66. B
91. A
17. A
42. A
67. A
92. D
18. D
43. B
68. B
93. B
19. C
44. D
69. A
94. E
20. E
45. E
70. C
95. C
21. B
46. C
71. D
96. E
22. A
47. A
72. B
97. D
23. E
48. B
73. E
98. B
24. C
49. C
74. C
99. C
25. D
50. D
75. B
100. E
2010
December
SYM
RENC SEME VE
YERLETRME MERKEZ
A
SEVYE TESPT SINAVI
(SONBAHAR DNEM)
NGLZCE
5 ARALIK 2010
SY
ADI
: .................................................
SOYADI
: .................................................
T.C. KMLK NUMARASI : .................................................
SALON NUMARASI
: .................................................
GENEL
AI KLAMA

2. Bu soru kitapnn tr Adr. Bunu cevap kdnzdaki ilgili alana kodlaynz. Salon grevlileri tarafndan
paraflanmasn salaynz.



Bu testlerin her hakk sakldr. Hangi amala olursa olsun, testlerin tamamnn veya bir ksmnn Merkezimizin yazl izni
olmadan kopya edilmesi, fotorafnn ekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla oaltlmas, yaymlanmas ya da kullanlmas yasaktr. Bu
yasaa uymayanlar gerekli cezai sorumluluu ve testlerin hazrlanmasndaki mali klfeti peinen kabullenmi saylr.
2010 KPDS Sonbahar / NGLZCE

5. Often thought of as the smallest unit of living
organisms, a cell is ---- of many even smaller
parts, each with its own function.
A) broken down B) made up

1. Skin has a rich blood supply that delivers oxygen
to all its ----.
B) shifts
D) layers
C) nutrients
E) supplements
6. To the astronomers of the Middle Ages, the most

important classical authorities on natural
philosophy ---- Aristotle and Ptolemy, since both
---- frameworks that explained the whole
universe.
2. Through the ages, drugs have been enormously

---- in relieving suffering and in preventing and
treating diseases.
A) current
E) turned up
A) symptoms
D) taken after
C) run out
B) persistent
D) excessive
C) beneficial
E) profound
A) had been / created
B) are / have created
C) were / had created
D) have been / create
SY
E) may have been / were creating
3. The average life expectancy has increased ---- in

most developed countries, especially in the
United States.
A) severely
B) appropriately
7. Though warfare ---- a characteristic feature of

international relations in the Late Bronze Age, the
most powerful states of the time in the
Mediterranean basin ---- a balance of power that
stabilized trade and diplomacy.
E) dramatically
D) accurately
C) defectively
A) had remained / were creating

B) remained / created
C) has remained / would have created
D) remains / had created
4. To achieve and ---- fitness, a person needs to

exercise only 30 minutes three times a week.
A) maintain
B) determine
D) demonstrate
E) must have remained / have created
C) include
E) train

12. Much of the immune systems machinery is
geared towards killing or eliminating invading
microbes ---- they have been recognized.
8. Although their responses ---- as obvious as those

of animals, plants ---- the capacity to respond to
light, gravity, water, touch, and other stimuli.
A) once
A) may not be / have
B) although
D) in case
B) have not been / had
C) even if
E) whereby
C) were not / have had

D) had not been / are having
E)
would not be / would have had
13. The structures around the eye protect it ---allowing it to move freely in all directions.
A) since
D) because
9. Homer ---- the Byzantines was simultaneously a

literary model, an instructional textbook, and a
guide ---- personal morality and wisdom.
B) through / around
C) down / before
D) after / above
SY
A) into / within
B) while
C) even though
E) whereas
E) for / to
14. The age at which puberty begins seems to be

influenced by a childs general health and
nutrition ---- by socioeconomic and hereditary
factors.
A) also
10. From the mid-fifteenth century ----, Lisbon began

to emerge as a significant market ---- slavery.
A) up / about
B) away / in
D) both
B) Although
D) If
E) either
C) out / round
15. The solar calendar the Egyptians developed was

---- accurate and sophisticated than the
Mesopotamian lunar calendar.
11. ---- the causes of alcoholism are various, alcohol

use is a major factor.
A) When
C) as well as
E) over / at
D) on / of
B) so long as
A) the most
D) more
C) Just as
B) most
C) the more
E) as
E) Whether

ifadeyi bulunuz.
We must not (16) ---- the element of pleasure and

enjoyment which comes from the reading of
literature. This is surely itself one of the great benefits
which (17) ---- from being an educated person. But,
over and above that, let us recognize (18) ---- certain
other fundamental skills and capacities are
developed (19) ---- the reading of literature, which are
important to us all as educated people, (20) ---- in our
private pleasures or our personal philosophies, but
also in the day-to-day exercise of our responsibilities.
(21) ---- all the political ideologies of the early

nineteenth century, nationalism is the most difficult to
grasp. Its (22) ---- are elusive. What, exactly, counted
as a nation? Who demanded a nation, and what did
their demand mean? In the early nineteenth century,
nationalism was usually aligned with liberalism.
(23) ---- the century progressed, (24) ----, it became
increasingly clear that nationalism (25) ---- to fit any
doctrine.
ifadeyi bulunuz.
21.
16.
A) By
A) subside
B) assert
D) witness
C) interpret
B) About
C) From
D) For
E) Of
E) underestimate
22.
SY
17.
A) had come
B) comes
C) would have come
D) came
A) credentials
B) comments
D) subsidies
C) premises
E) amendments
E) was coming
23.
A) As
18.
A) so that
B) in case
D) If
C) just as
A) furthermore
B) in
D) over
D) more
B) either
B) however
D) therefore
C) through
C) moreover
E) so
E) to
25.
20.
A) not only
E) Whether
24.
19.
A) at
C) Even if
E) although
D) that
B) Because
C) both
E) as well as
A) defined
B) has been defined
C) is defined
D) could be defined
E) defines

28. ---- that space and motion are relative to each
other instead of being absolute.

A) As early as 1905 Einstein became convinced of

the equivalence of mass and energy
26. During the early decades of the Industrial

Revolution, ----, while in France it was checked
not only by government interference but also by
the bounty of its sources.
B) Einsteins most famous theory, the principle of

relativity, states
C) By 1915 Einstein had proposed entirely new
ways of thinking about matter, time, and gravity
B) textiles made up over 50 per cent of Britains

exports
D) Einsteins theories paved the way for

revolutionary developments in physics
C) the steam engine, invented by James Watt,

supplied continuous and reliable power
E) Einstein devoted much of his life to promoting

peace and social justice
A) it took nearly a fortnight to travel from London to

Edinburgh
D) technology in Britain was developed by new

industrial requirements
SY
E) Britain had a transport network without parallel

in Europe
29. ---- whether it is a work of high quality or just a

worthless piece of writing.
27. According to Marxs theory of history, when the

French Revolution overthrew the old order,
ushering in bourgeois political power and
industrial capitalism, ----.
A) Today in Europe and America, there is a

tremendous outpouring of printed books from the
publishers
A) the stage of feudal or aristocratic property

relations ended
B) The appreciation of literature is surely concerned

with judgement of complete works
B) world history had passed through three major

stages, each characterized by conflict between
social groups
C) The majority of works of literature are lengthy

novels, plays, and poems
C) the revolutionary character of capitalism would

undermine the bourgeois economic order
D) Experienced literary critics can tell with some

certainty from just the first paragraph of a novel
D) recurring economic crises would bring capitalism

to collapse
E) The English language has resources which

enable us to express thoughts in different ways
E) each individual best understood his or her own

interests and was therefore left free

30. ----, but the two forms of writing are so unlike
each other that they probably developed
independently.
32. Mozart, who was one of the leading

representatives of the Classical style in music,
was only thirty-five ----.
A) Some historical linguists have postulated that

early Egyptian might represent the survival of a
root language
A) because the Church continued to provide

support for music
B) as opera flourished in the eighteenth century
B) Among the many facets of Egyptian culture that

have fascinated archaeologists is the Egyptian
system of pictographic writing
C) when he died of rheumatic fever

D) even though Bach was certainly the greatest
composer of Baroque music
C) The photographic nature of Egyptian

hieroglyphics may indicate an early influence
from the Sumerian cuneiform script
E) just as Rousseau composed music and wrote an

opera
D) Contrary to the Sumerian cuneiform script,

Egyptian hieroglyphics never evolved very far
towards a system of phonograms
SY
E) As in Sumer, writing technology quickly became

an important tool for Egyptian government and
administration
31. Medieval scholars knew as Roman authors only

Virgil, Ovid, and Cicero, ----.
33. ----, infectious disease continued to kill half of all

Europeans before they reached the age of twenty.
A) but during the Renaissance the works of others

such as Livy, Tacitus, and Lucretius were
rediscovered and made familiar
A) Although famines became less common and less

widespread in Europe in the eighteenth century
B) Unless the total number of urban dwellers across
Europe as a whole did not change markedly
between 1600 and 1800
B) whether Greek scientific and philosophical

writings became available to Westerners in Latin
translations through Islam
C) Because improved sanitation, together with a

better diet, may have played some role in the
rise of Europes population in the 1820s
C) because Renaissance thinkers not only knew

many more classical texts but they also used
them in new ways
D) Since Naples went from a population of 300.000

in 1600 to nearly half a million by the late
eighteenth century
D) whereby Renaissance writers were more aware

of the conceptual and chronological gap that
separated their world from that of their classical
sources
E) Just as many of the million or so men and

women employed in the textile trade in northern
France in the seventeenth century lived in cities
E) since Renaissance humanism was a programme

of studies that aimed to replace medieval
scholastic emphasis on logic and metaphysics

34. In his famous work Novum Organum, Francis
Bacon emphasized that natural science could not
advance ----.

A) so that this could mean gaining knowledge of

nature through the senses
36. The Romantic movement in the arts, inspired in

part by the American and French revolutions,
emerged towards the end of the eighteenth
century.
B) whether the knowledge of ancient authorities

was the best guide to truth
A) Onsekizinci yzyln sonuna doru ortaya kan

Romantik akm, esas itibariyle Amerikan ve
Fransz devrimlerinden kaynaklanarak sanatta
gelimitir.
C) if knowledge was best gained through

cooperation among researchers
D) unless it cast off the inherited errors of the past
B) Sanatta Romantik akm, ksmen Amerikan ve

Fransz devrimlerinden esinlenmi olup,
onsekizinci yzyln sonuna doru ortaya
kmtr.
E) whereby he left a deep mark on the development

of modern science
C) Romantik akmn sanatta ortaya k, Amerikan

ve Fransz devrimlerinden g alarak,
onsekizinci yzyln sonuna doru olmutur.
D) Sanatta oluan Romantik akm, onsekizinci

yzyln sonuna doru ortaya karak, tamamen
Amerikan ve Fransz devrimlerine dayanmtr.
SY
E) Bir bakma Amerikan ve Fransz devrimlerine

dayanan Romantik akm, onsekizinci yzyln
sonuna doru ncelikle sanatta grlmtr.
37. Many of the concepts, terms, and issues related

to social classes are also used in Marxist
criticism, which stems from the works of the
nineteenth-century German philosopher Karl
Marx.
35. In the mid-1930s, ----, unemployment dropped

from over 6 million to under two hundred
thousand.
A) Marxist eletiri, ondokuzuncu yzyl Alman

filozofu Karl Marxn eserlerine dayanmakta olup,
toplumsal snflara ilikin bir ok kavram, terim ve
konuyu ierir.
A) if Hitler was to maintain power and enjoy a

sizeable amount of popular support
B) so long as Hitler promised to lead Germany back

to national greatness
B) Toplumsal snflara ilikin olarak kullanlan eitli

kavramlar, terimler ve konular, ondokuzuncu
yzyl Alman filozofu Karl Marxn eserlerine
dayanan Marxist eletiri ile rtmektedir.
C) as the Nazis built the entire German military

infrastructure
C) Ondokuzuncu yzyl Alman filozofu Karl Marxn

eserlerinden ortaya kan Marxist eletiri,
toplumsal snflara ilikin kullanlan ou kavram,
terim ve konunun temelini oluturur.
D) unless Hitlers plans for national recovery called

for full-scale rearmament
E) since Hitler, like Mussolini, moved to abolish
class conflict in Germany
D) Toplumsal snflara ilikin pek ok kavram, terim

ve konu, ondokuzuncu yzyl Alman filozofu Karl
Marxn eserlerinden kaynaklanan Marxist
eletiride de kullanlmaktadr.
E) Toplumsal snflar tanmlamada kullanlan
deiik kavram, terim ve konular, ondokuzuncu
yzyl Alman filozofu Karl Marxn
almalarndan esinlenen Marxist eletirinin
kapsamn belirler.

38. Although Plato loves Homer and regularly cites
from his epics, he insists on the censorship of
those passages that represent morally
controversial behaviour.
39. Politics and economics were primary concerns of

writers and intellectuals in America during the
1930s, because the stock market crash in
October 1929 had precipitated a total collapse in
the economy.
A) Platon, Homerosu sevmesine ve onun

destanlarndan dzenli olarak alntlar
yapmasna ramen, ahlk bakmdan tartmal
davranlar yanstan blmlerin sansr
edilmesinde srar eder.
A) Ekim 1929da borsa yere aklnca, ekonomide

tam bir k yaand ve bu nedenle, siyaset ve
iktisat, 1930larda Amerikada yazar ve
aydnlarn en bata gelen ilgi alanlar idi.
B) Ekim 1929da borsann yere aklmas sonucu,
ekonomi tam bir k yaad iin, 1930lar
boyunca Amerikada yazar ve aydnlarn en ok
zerinde durduu konular, siyaset ve iktisatt.
C) Platon, bir yandan Homerosu sevmi, bir

yandan da onun destanlarndaki ahlka aykr
davranlar ieren blmlere iaret ederek,
bunlarn sansr edilmesi iin srekli talepte
bulunmutur.
C) Siyaset ve iktisat, 1930larda Amerikada

yazarlarn ve aydnlarn ncelikli konular idi,
nk borsann Ekim 1929da yere aklmas,
ekonomide tam bir ke yol amt.
B) Homerosu seven Platon, onun destanlarna

srekli atfta bulunsa da ahlk anlamda zararl
davranlar tasvir eden blmlerin sansr
edilmesi iin ok aba gstermitir.
D) 1930lu yllarda Amerikada yazar ve aydnlarn

en ok ilgilendii konular siyaset ve iktisat oldu,
nk borsa Ekim 1929da yere aklm ve
dolaysyla ekonomi tamamen kmt.
D) Homerosu sevmi olmasna ramen, Platon,

onun destanlarndaki ahlk bakmdan kabul
edilemez blmleri eletirerek, bunlarn sansr
edilmesi gerektiini vurgular.
E) Ekim 1929da borsa tamamen yere aklnca,

ekonomide grlmemi bir k olmu ve bu
nedenle siyaset ve iktisat, 1930lu yllarda
Amerikada yazar ve aydnlarca en ok ele
alnan konular arasnda olmutur.
SY
E) Platon, Homerosu sevmi olsa bile, onun

destanlarn srekli eletirerek, ahlka aykr
davranlar ne karan blmlerin tamamen
sansr edilmesinin art olduunu ileri srer.

40. The amount and severity of global warming
depend on how much greenhouse gas we add to
the atmosphere.

A) Atmosfere ne kadar sera gaz ilve edersek,

buna bal olarak, kresel snmann miktar ve
younluu deiir.
41. Su ve binalar stmak ve elektrik retmek iin

kullanlabilen gne enerjisi, tkenmez bir
kaynaktr ve fosil yaktlarndan daha az evre
sorunlarna neden olur.
B) Kresel snmann miktar ve iddeti, atmosfere

ne kadar sera gaz ilve ettiimize baldr.
A) Compared with fossil fuels, solar energy causes

a few environmental problems, but it is an
inexhaustible source that can be used for the
heating of water and buildings and also to
generate electricity.
C) Kresel snmann miktarna ve iddetine bal

olarak, atmosfere ne kadar sera gaz ilve
ettiimiz anlalabilir.
D) Atmosfere ilve ettiimiz sera gaznn ne
miktarda olduu, kresel snmann miktar ve
younluuna baldr.
B) As an inexhaustible source, solar energy, which

can be used for the generation of electricity and
also for the heating of water as well as buildings,
has fewer environmental problems than do fosil
fuels.
E) Atmosfere ne lde sera gaz ilve ettiimize

bal olarak, kresel snmann miktar ve iddeti
anlalr.
C) Solar energy, which can be used to heat water

and buildings and generate electricity, is an
inexhaustible source and causes fewer
environmental problems than do fosil fuels.
SY
D) Although solar energy has much fewer

environmental problems than do fosil fuels, it is
indeed an inexhaustible source that can be used
to heat water and buildings and generate
electricity.
E) Solar energy is so inexhaustible a source that,

since it causes fewer environmental problems
than do fosil fuels, it can be used to heat water
and buildings and generate plenty of electricity.

42. Atmosferde karbon dioksit ve dier sera
gazlarnn art, nmzdeki yllarda olabilecek
ok daha cidd bir kresel snma hakknda
kayglara neden olmaktadr.
44. Dnyadaki yamur ormanlar, zellikle Amazon

ve Kongo Irma havzalarnda olanlar, insanlk
tarihinde grlmemi bir hzla yok edilmekte ve
yaklmaktadr.
A) As carbon dioxide and various other greenhouse

gases increase in the atmosphere, there are
serious concerns that a major global warming
will happen in the near future.
A) In the world today, especially the rain forests of

the Amazon and Congo River basins have been
destroyed and burned to the extent that there is
no precedence in human history.
B) The increase of carbon dioxide and other

greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are
causing concerns about a much more serious
global warming that may occur in the years
ahead.
B) Rain forests in the world, particularly those in the

Amazon and Congo River basins, are being
destroyed and burned at a rate unprecedented in
human history.
C) In human history, there has never been so much
destruction and burning of rain forests as can be
seen in the Amazon and Congo River basins.
C) Because of the increase of carbon dioxide and

various other greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, a great deal of serious concern is
expressed about a major global warming that
may happen in a few years.
D) The worlds rain forests, including those in the

Amazon and Congo River basins, have been
destroyed and burned so extensively that there
is no other example of it in human history.
D) There are many concerns that a very serious

global warming will occur in the years ahead
owing to the increased carbon dioxide and
various other greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
SY
E) Human history does not record the kind of

destruction and burning that the worlds rain
forests, especially those in the Amazon and
Congo River basins, have undergone so far.
E) Since carbon dioxide and many other

greenhouse gases have increased in the
atmosphere, there is a great deal of serious
concern about the possibility of a major global
warming in the near future.
45. Gezegenimizdeki yaam tarihi hakknda

bildiklerimizin ounu, bize, jeolojik kantlar,
zellikle fosil kaytlar salamaktadr.
43. Sel ve yksek dalgalara yol am olan tropikal

frtnalardan dolay, 1970den bu yana,
Bangladete en az 300.000 insan lmtr.
A) Fossil records as well as other geological

evidence provide us with all the knowledge we
have of the history of life on the planet.
A) Tropical storms, causing flooding and high

waves, have killed up to 300.000 people in
Bangladesh since 1970.
B) It is through geological evidence, mostly by fossil

records, that we have come to know the history
of life on our planet.
B) Up to 300.000 people have died in Bangladesh

since 1970, as tropical storms have caused
much flooding and high waves.
C) Our knowledge of the history of life on this planet

is completely based on geological evidence,
especially on fossil records.
C) In Bangladesh after 1970, more or less 300.000

people have been killed because of the flooding
and high waves caused by tropical storms.
D) Much of what we know about the history of life

on our planet is provided to us by geological
evidence, in particular fossil records.
D) The death of about 300.000 people in

Bangladesh after 1970 has been caused by
tropical storms that have led to flooding and high
waves.
E) The history of life on our planet can best be

understood through our study of fossil records
and other kinds of geological evidence.
E) Since 1970, at least 300.000 people have died in

Bangladesh due to tropical storms that have
caused flooding and high waves.

A) Europe emerged in the later fifteenth century

with a healthier economy.
B) Of these disasters, famine was the most
widespread and persistent.
C) There was a limit to the amount of land that
could be cleared for farming.
46. The cell theory, one of the fundamental unifying

concepts of biology, states that all living
organisms are composed of basic units called
cells and of substances produced by cells.
Although they vary greatly in size and
appearance, all organisms are composed of
those small building blocks. Some of the simplest
life forms, such as bacteria, are unicellular: they
consist of a single cell. ---- In these complex
multicellular organisms, life processes depend
on the coordinated functions of the component
cells.
48. From about 1300 until about the middle of the

fifteenth century, disasters struck throughout
western Europe with appalling severity and
dismaying persistence. ---- Then came the most
terrible natural disaster of all: the dreadful plague
known as the Black Death. It reduced the total
population of western Europe by at least one half
and caused great hardships for most of the
survivors.
A) Although plants do not move about in the way

we associate with animals, they do move.
D) Overcrowding made Europes cities particularly

vulnerable to the plague.
B) One of the remarkable aspects of the growth

process is that each part of the organism
continues to function as it grows.
E) Large-scale banking had already emerged

during the thirteenth century.
SY
C) Humans and many other organisms begin life as

a fertilized egg, which then grows and develops
specialized structures and body form.
49. In 1915 the German scientist Alfred Wegener,

who had noted a similarity between the
geographical shapes of South America and
Africa, proposed that all the land masses had at
one time been joined into one huge
supercontinent. He called this supercontinent
Pangea. ---- Wegener did not know of any
mechanism that could have caused continental
drift. So his idea, although debated initially, was
largely ignored.
D) In contrast, the body of a human or an animal or

a tree is made of billions of cells.
E) Energy is required to maintain the precise order
that characterizes living systems.
47. Gregor Mendel was not the first plant breeder. At

the time he began his work, hybrid plants and
animals had been known for a long time.
Mendels genius lay in his ability to recognize a
pattern in the way the parental traits reappear in
the offspring of hybrids. ----
A) He further suggested that Pangea had

subsequently broken apart and that various land
masses had separated in a process known as
continental drift.
A) It is true that Mendel was a clergyman who bred

pea plants in his monastery garden at Brno,
Czech Republic.
B) Earths crust is composed of seven large plates,

plus a few smaller ones, that float on the mantle
which is the solid layer of Earth lying beneath the
crust and above the core.
B) Therefore, at that time biology was largely a

descriptive science, and biologists had little
interest in experimental studies.
C) So it is clear that Mendels hereditary factors
are essentially what we call genes today, which
is one of the major subjects of modern biology.
D) In fact, geneticists study not only the
transmission of genes, but also the expression of
genetic information.
E) No one before him had categorized and counted
the offspring and analyzed these regular patterns
over several generations.
C) As the plates move, the continents change their

relative positions, and this movement of the
crustal plates is termed plate tectonics.
D) When two plates grind together, one of them is
sometimes buried under the other in a process
known as subduction.
E) As the continents began to drift apart,
populations became geographically isolated in
different environmental conditions and began to
diverge along separate evolutionary pathways.
10

50. The economic depression of the 1930s forced
many writers to re-examine the style and purpose
of their work. Among threats of economic
devastation, totalitarianism, and war, literature
became increasingly politicized. Authors were
largely interested in the depiction of injustice and
cruelty and felt obliged to point the way to a
better society. ---A) In his great poem The Waste Land the AngloAmerican poet T.S. Eliot presented a philosophy
that was close to despair.
51. The development of genetic engineering has

stemmed from the discovery of DNA in the 1950s.
By the 1990s, several laboratories in the West
were engaged in the most ambitious medical
research ever attempted: the mapping of the
human genome, that is, the entire architecture of
chromosomes and genes contained in basic
human DNA. ---- For instance, infertile couples
could now conceive through out-of-body medical
procedures.
A) As a new form of knowledge in an age of global
interconnection, genetic engineering has forced
many nations to make changes in their laws and
regulations concerning medical practices.
B) In his novel The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway

gave the public a powerful description of the socalled lost generation.
B) In Africa, Latin America, and elsewhere, political

chaos, imbalances of trade, and the practices of
some pharmaceutical companies have often
resulted in shortages of medicine.
C) Moreover, they no longer directed their work to

fellow intellectuals alone, but to ordinary men
and women as well.
D) Furthermore, Virginia Woolfs essays and novels

offered an eloquent and severe critique of
Britains institutions and universities.
C) As AIDS became a global health crisis in the

1980s, international organizations recognized
the need for an early, swift, and comprehensive
response to future outbreaks of disease.
E) As for Bertolt Brecht, he rebelled against high

culture and bourgeois values, but he also
protested against the pretentious elitism of his
contemporaries.
SY
D) Through this process and alongside it, genetic

engineers developed methods to alter the
biology of living things, including humans.
E) Moreover, genetically engineered human growth

hormone is required by some children to
overcome growth deficiencies.
11

54. As an eminent scholar in political science, you
have been asked by the organizing committee of
an international conference to be one of their
plenary speakers. You are pleased with the
invitation and wish to express your thanks to the
committee for honouring you. You say:

52. An old friend of yours, whom you havent seen
for years, wishes to see you as soon as possible
and, on the telephone, asks for an appointment.
Since you will be away for a few days for a
conference, you wonder whether an appointment
sometime next week will be alright for him. As
you will also be very pleased to see him after
such a long time, you say to him politely:
A) You have been very kind indeed to consider me

as a plenary speaker. Unless something
unexpected comes up, I will attend the
conference.
B) In view of my publications and senior position, I
think I deserve such an invitation. I will get to
work right away.
C) Your invitation has come at the right time as I
have been doing research on a subject that best
suits your conference.
A) Unfortunately, I wont be here for a week as I will

be attending a conference abroad. Besides, I
cant remember you well. Anyway, come next
week to see me.
B) Actually I am extremely busy. Besides, there is a

conference I have to attend. I suggest we meet
sometime later next week. Sorry, not earlier.
C) I am going away for a conference. How nice of

you to call me! Will it be convenient for you if we
meet sometime next week? After so many years,
I will indeed be most delighted to see you again
E) Let me say how glad I am for the invitation you

have extended to me. I really feel privileged to
speak at the plenary session. I am grateful to
you all.
SY
D) After so many years, I hardly remember you. If

you feel that you have to see me, you have to
wait until next weekend because I am going
away for a conference.
D) Actually I was expecting to receive an invitation

from your committee. It will be a wonderful
opportunity for me to address your distinguished
audience.
E) You should have called me earlier as I am going

away for a conference. Can you come next
week? It has been a long time since I saw you
last.
55. One of your colleagues has been promoted to

associate professor. As you have always been
very impressed by the academic quality of his
work, you think that he fully deserves the
promotion. So you say to him:
A) My congratulations on your promotion, which I
knew you would get as I have always thought
that your work is academically perfect.
53. Your nephew, who is yet at high school, is very

interested in history. You feel that you ought to
encourage him to study history when he goes up
to the university. So you say to him:
B) Given the academic quality of your work, I would

refrain from making any comment on your
promotion, but I simply express my
congratulations.
A) Although you seem to like history, you are not

qualified enough to specialize in it.
C) Even though I would like to congratulate you on

your promotion, I must draw your attention to the
fact that you must upgrade the academic quality
of your work.
B) Since history appeals to you so much, I strongly

recommend it for you to choose as your field of
study when you enter the university.
C) History is a very broad field, and I am afraid you
will soon be fed up with it.
D) I congratulate you on your promotion as

associate professor, but I would advise you to
work harder to improve the quality of your
research.
D) Since youre determined to study history at the

university, there is nothing I can do for you.
E) As far as I am concerned, your interest in history
is hardly genuine and will soon disappear.
E) I am very pleased with your promotion. Yet, as

far as I am concerned, you ought to be more
concerned about the academic quality of your
work.
12

56. Your friends son is getting married. You have
been invited to the wedding, which will take place
on the very day you are going abroad on urgent
business that cannot be postponed. So, to
apologize, you call your friend and say:
A) I am sure there will be many people at the
wedding. As for me, on the day of the wedding I
will be travelling abroad on urgent business. I
know you will understand.
B) I received your invitation. Yet, due to my
forthcoming trip abroad on urgent business, I will
not be able to attend your sons wedding. Clear?
A) You seem to be approaching the subject only

from one angle and ignore the serious question
of how to dispose of nuclear waste safely.
B) I fully share your views about the uses of nuclear
power, and I think we should also look at the
financial problems.
C) Certainly, nuclear power is cheap, clean and
environmentally harmless. However, there are a
number of problems about it and we have to
consider them in detail.
C) This forthcoming business trip abroad that I have

to make cannot be cancelled. So it will be
impossible for me to attend the wedding.
57. At a panel, you are discussing with another

colleague the uses and abuses of nuclear power.
You notice that your colleague focuses
completely on the benefits of nuclear power,
without referring to a major problem, which is the
safe disposal of nuclear waste. So you wish to
draw attention to this problem and say:
D) Thank you so much for your invitation. On the

very day the wedding takes place, I will be
abroad for urgent business.
D) I completely agree with you that the most serious

question concerning nuclear power is how to get
rid of nuclear waste.
E) Thanks for the invitation. How unfortunate it is

that the wedding coincides with my urgent
business trip abroad, which I cannot put off!
Therefore, I am indeed very sorry I cant attend
the wedding.
SY
E) As you have just indicated, the safe disposal of

nuclear waste is a problem that needs to be
discussed extensively.
13

61. (I) Among the fundamental themes of Greek tragedy
were justice, law, and the conflicting demands of
piety and obligation that drove a heroic man or
woman to destruction. (II) They were mostly derived
from Homer. (III) Most tragedies were the
dramatization of well-known myths and legends from
the past. (IV) But decidedly contemporary issues and
events were also represented in some tragedies.
(V) Epic and lyric poetry were already wellestablished Greek literary forms when the fifth
century B.C. began.
cmleyi bulunuz.
58. (I) One of the major strategies to manage global
warming is prevention. (II) Prevention of global
warming involves developing ways to prevent the
buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
(III) It is the ultimate and best solution because it is
permanent. (IV) However, it requires new
technologies that have not yet been developed.
(V) Most of all, environmental problems are
connected to overpopulation.
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
A) I
60. (I) On average, 30% of the solar radiation that falls on

Earth is immediately reflected away by clouds and
surfaces, especially snow, ice, and ocean. (II) Trees
of tropical rain forests are usually evergreen flowering
plants. (III) The remaining 70% is absorbed by Earth
and runs the water cycle, drives winds and ocean
currents, powers photosynthesis, and warms the
planet. (IV) Ultimately, however, all of this energy is
lost by the continual radiation of long-wave infrared
energy into space. (V) In fact, if heat gains from solar
radiation were not balanced by losses, the Earth
would heat up or cool down.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
62. (I) Life in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth

centuries was largely shaped by the combined effects
of war, trade, and a steadily growing population.
(II) Especially the practice of free trade led to the
establishment of overseas colonies and opened up
new markets for European industry. (III) Additionally,
agricultural productivity increased, making it possible
for Europe to feed a population that had now reached
unprecedented levels. (IV) The dominant artistic
school of southern Europe from about 1600 until the
early 1700s was that of the Baroque, a school not
only of painting but of sculpture and architecture.
(V) Moreover, population growth in turn enabled
European governments to wage more frequent wars
and employ larger and larger armies.
SY
B) II
D) IV
E) V
59. (I) The global ocean is a huge body of salt water that
surrounds the continents and covers almost threefourths of Earths surface. (II) It is a single,
continuous body of water. (III) Not surprisingly,
aquatic life zones are different in almost all respects
from terrestrial ecosystems. (IV) Yet, geographers
have divided it into four sections (the Pasific, Atlantic,
Indian, and Arctic oceans), separated by the
continents. (V) The Pasific Ocean is the largest by
far: it covers one-third of Earths surface and contains
more than half of Earths water.
A) I
C) III
A) I
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
63. (I) Modern historians of science consider Newtons

law of universal gravitation to be the greatest
contribution to physics ever made by a single person.
(II) The praise for his discovery was just as great in
Newtons own time. (III) In the eyes of his
contemporaries he was a national hero. (IV) During
the seventeenth century, the most innovative
scientific work came out of the universities. (V) He
was also celebrated across Europe, particularly in
France.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
E) V
14

65. In the 1960s, the emergence of new black nations
in Africa and the Caribbean was paralleled by the
civil rights movement of the blacks in America.

A) So many new black nations emerged in the

1960s in Africa and the Caribbean that the
American blacks were influenced by them and
soon began to fight for their civil rights.
64. In his famous work The Wealth of Nations, the

eighteenth-century Scottish economist Adam
Smith spelled out, in more technical and
historical detail, the different stages of economic
development in the past.
C) In the 1960s, the American blacks were so

encouraged by the rise of various black nations
in Africa and the Caribbean that they all joined in
the civil rights movement.
A) Adam Smith, an economist of the Scottish origin

in the eighteenth century, gave, in his wellknown work The Wealth of Nations, a technically
and historically detailed account of the various
phases through which the economy had
developed before his time.
B) When new black nations came into being in the

1960s in Africa and the Caribbean, also the
blacks in America started the civil rights
movement.
B) In The Wealth of Nations, a controversial work

written by Adam Smith, who was a Scottish
economist in the eighteenth century, a full
description was given of how the economic
progress had taken place in the past.
D) The civil rights movement, started by the blacks

in America in the 1960s, was largely inspired by
the rise of new African and Caribbean nations.
E) The civil rights movement of the American blacks
in the 1960s was extremely influenced by the
new nations that had emerged in Africa and the
Caribbean.
SY
C) The Scottish economist Adam Smiths great

work The Wealth of Nations, written in the
eighteenth century, is essentially a technical and
historical description of the economic
development and its changing phases in the
past.
D) Adam Smith, who was an eighteenth-century

economist born in Scotland, wrote his celebrated
work The Wealth of Nations in order to explain,
in technical terms, the historical stages of the
economic progress.
E) In his controversial work The Wealth of Nations,

Adam Smith, who was an economist born in
Scotland in the eighteenth century, described
both technical and historical phases that made
up the economic progress in the past.
15

66. Despite their declaration of intellectual
independence from the past, Enlightenment
thinkers owed a great debt to their predecessors.
67. The finest example of Byzantine architecture is

the church of Saint Sophia in Istanbul,
constructed at enormous cost by the emperor
Justinian in the sixth century.
A) Enlightenment intellectuals asserted that they

were totally indifferent to the past, but they owed
a great deal to the thinkers of the past.
B) Contrary to what they thought about the past,
Enlightenment thinkers were much influenced by
those who had come before them.
B) The construction of the church of Saint Sophia in

the sixth century cost the emperor Justinian a
huge amount of money, and it is a significant
example of Byzantine architecture.
C) In the sixth century, emperor Justinian spent so
much money on the construction of the church of
Saint Sophia that he wanted it to be the most
excellent work of Byzantine architects.
C) Even though Enlightenment thinkers openly

claimed that intellectually they were free from the
past, they were greatly indebted to those
thinkers who had preceded them.
A) The church of Saint Sophia was constructed by

emperor Justinian in the sixth century and cost
him a lot of money even though Byzantine
architecture has come to be represented by it.
D) The past never aroused any interest in

Enlightenment intellectuals, although they were
essentially inspired by the thinkers of the past.
D) Byzantine architecture is best represented by the

church of Saint Sophia in Istanbul, for the
construction of which, in the sixth century,
emperor Justinian spent a lot of money.
E) Although Enlightenment intellectuals took no

interest in the past, they were much involved in
the study of their predecessors ideas.
SY
E) A huge amount of money was spent by the

emperor Justinian for the construction of the
church of Saint Sophia in the sixth century,
which in fact became a major work of Byzantine
architecture.
16

68. At the peak of their prosperity, between about
6500 and 5500 B.C., the residents of atal Hyk
produced a wide range of agricultural food stuffs,
including peas, lentils, fruits, and cereal crops.
69. Unlike his contemporaries, who favoured quiet

urban scenes, the sixteenth-century Dutch
painter Bruegel exulted in depicting the ordinary
life of the peasantry.
A) A large variety of agricultural foodstuffs, such as

peas, lentils, fruits and cereal crops, were
produced by the atal Hyk inhabitants, whose
prosperity reached its climax during the period
between roughly 6500 and 5500 B.C.
A) Although it was Bruegel alone among the Dutch

painters in the sixteenth century that was
primarily interested in the representation of rural
scenes, his contemporaries continued to deal in
their works with various aspects of urban life.
B) Peas, lentils, fruits, and cereal crops were the

only agricultural foodstuffs that the people of
atal Hyk, already very prosperous, produced
during the period from 6500 to 5500 B.C.
B) The Dutch painter Bruegel in the sixteenth

century mainly focused on the representation of
ordinary scenes from rural life, just as his
contemporaries were much interested in
depicting urban life.
C) The people at atal Hyk were so prosperous

that, during the period from 6500 to 5500 B.C.,
they produced various kinds of agricultural
foodstuffs, especially peas, lentils, fruits and
cereal crops.
C) The representation of rural scenes from the life

of the peasants was the Dutch painter Bruegels
primary interest, but his contemporaries in the
sixteenth century took urban life as their main
subject.
D) Among the agricultural foodstuffs produced by

the extremely prosperous peasants of atal
Hyk during the period from 6500 to 5500 B.C.
were peas, lentils, fruits, and cereal crops.
D) Urban life with its happy scenes was one of the

major interests of the Dutch painters in the
sixteenth century, but Bruegel differed from them
to some extent by his depiction of peasants hard
life.
SY
E) At atal Hyk, where there was much

prosperity between 6500 and 5500 B.C., only
those agricultural foodstuffs, which consisted of
peas, lentils, fruits and cereal crops, were
produced by the people.
E) Contrary to the painters of his time, who

preferred in the first place to represent peaceful
scenes from urban life, the Dutch painter
Bruegel, who lived in the sixteenth century, took
much joy in the depiction of scenes from the
simple life of the peasants.
17

71. Mary
:
- Recently I have been reading Jean-Jacques
Rousseaus political treatise The Social
Contract, published in 1762. In his political
views, he was certainly more radical than most
of his contemporaries.

70. John
:
- The economic rather than political aspect of
European colonialism has always interested
me.
Susan :
- Yes, he was, indeed. For instance, he was
probably the first person in his time to talk
about popular sovereignty and democracy.
Francis :
- I know. It is clear from most of the papers you
have presented so far. So you think that
colonial exploitation in the past was the major
source of Europes economic prosperity.
:
Susan :
- Because of his radical views as such, he
caused a great deal of controversy in
eighteenth-century France.
John
- ----
Mary
- ----
Francis :
- Agreed. Indeed, it is impossible to imagine this
prosperity without them.
A) His famous novel Emile tells the story of how a

young man learns virtue and freedom.
B) I didnt know that he was better known for his

writing on education and moral virtue.
A) Actually, Britains American colonies had no

significant mineral wealth and, therefore, they
turned to agriculture.
C) We know that Enlightenment thinkers considered

education key to human progress.
SY
B) Moreover, as far as I am concerned, the Spanish

colonial economy was dominated by mining.
C) On the other hand, the Portuguese government
allowed only Portuguese merchants to trade with
their own colonies.
D) The Social Contract was the least understood of

his works, wasnt it?
E) Obviously, he believed that legitimate authority
arose from the people alone.
D) Absolutely. For instance, Europes growing

wealth in the eighteenth century was simply the
result of its colonial possessions.
E) To compete with the British, the French

government encouraged the development of
sugar-producing colonies in the West Indies.
18

73. Jack
:
- In the British empire, India was the first colony
to win its independence soon after World War II,
wasnt it?
72. Robert :
- Did you know that the first recorded Olympic
Games took place in the Valley of Olympia in
Greece in 776 B.C.?
Robin :
- Yes, it was. Actually, the extraordinary Indian
nationalist Mahatma Gandhi had been at work in
India since the 1920s and had pioneered
anticolonial ideas.
Ted
:
- No, I didnt. But I know that in antiquity they
were held at four-year intervals.
Robert :
- ----
Jack
- ----
Ted
:
- Then, boxing, wrestling, and many other sports
must have been added over time.
Robin :
- Principally, his strategy was nonviolent
noncooperation. So he urged the Indian people
to withdraw from the imperial economy and
develop their own means of resistance such as
going on strike, refusing to pay taxes, or
boycotting British goods.
A) I wonder to what extent the modern Olympic

Games were driven by economics and politics.
B) Do you think the goals of modern olympism as
stated by the International Olympic Committee
(IOC) are still valid?
A) In the face of colonial domination, how did he set

about the anticolonial movement for the
independence of India?
D) True. Unfortunately, they were abolished by the

Roman emperor Theodosius I in 394 A.D..
Interestingly, the first Olympics contained only
one event: the foot race.
B) Gandhis strategy for independence provided a

model for many liberation struggles in other
colonies.
SY
C) The ancient Greeks believed that human life was

completely controlled by the gods.
C) Hadnt he already led a nonviolent campaign for

the political rights of the Indian community in
South Africa between 1894 and 1914?
E) As you know, many cities in the world compete

with each other for the honour and prestige of
hosting the Olympic Games.
D) By 1947 Gandhi had gained such widespread

support that the British found it impossible to
continue in power in India.
E) Yet, in June 1947, British India was partitioned

into the nations of India and Pakistan, and the
process of partition brought brutal religious and
ethnic warfare.
19

75. Harry
:
- It is true that, in the nineteenth century, Britain
and France were Europes two great overseas
empires.
74. Stephen :
- By the way, what does the term hydrologic
cycle mean? Can you explain it?
Martin
:
- Basicly it means that water cycles from the
oceans and land to the atmosphere, and then
back to the oceans, and land. It is a complex
cycle, which provides us with a renewable
supply of purified water on land.
Stephen
- ----
Charles :
- Why do you think so? Besides them, there were
other colonial powers in Europe that also
owned territories overseas.
Harry
- ----
Charles :
- I see what you mean. In other words, the
Germans were reluctant to engage in a colonial
enterprise. Right?
Martin
:
- Certainly, and also an important one. As you
might expect, forests release substantial
amounts of moisture into the atmosphere by
transpiration, which then falls as precipitation.
A) The new political and economic relationships

between colonies and dependent states on the
one hand and the colonizing power on the other
ran both ways, bringing changes to both sides.
A) When a forest is burned or cut down, how is the

climate of the region affected?
B) Do you think forests influence an areas climate?

C) Do forests play a role in this cycle?
SY
D) How does transpiration by trees influence the

local temperature of forests?
B) The convergence of technology, money, and

politics involved in the construction of the Suez
Canal represents the interplay of economics and
empire in late nineteenth-century Europe.
C) The years from 1870 to 1914 brought both rapid
industrialization throughout the West and the
stunningly rapid expansion of Western power
abroad.
E) What are the factors that determine climate?
D) In terms of colonial power politics, they counted

little. As for Germany, which was the strongest
emerging power inside Europe, its governments
did not believe that colonization overseas would
yield economic and political advantages. So,
Germany was not a colonial empire.
E) The nineteenth-century empires developed

against the backdrop of economic and political
changes such as industrialization, liberal
revolutions, and the rise of nation-states, which
transformed Europe and European imperialism.
20

78. As it is clear from the passage, Archimedes ----.

cevaplaynz.
B) can be described as a man who openly opposed

the study of philosophy
C) was more interested in the theoretical aspect of
science than in its practical uses
D) was particularly indifferent to questions of
navigation and shipbuilding
E) taught the people of Syracuse how to use the
compound pulley most efficiently
In antiquity, prior to the third century B.C., physics

had been a branch of philosophy. It was made a
separate, experimental science by Archimedes of
Syracuse, who lived between 287 and 212 B.C.. He
not only discovered the law of floating objects, or
specific gravity, but also formulated with scientific
exactness the principles of the lever, the pulley, and
the screw. Among his memorable inventions were the
compound pulley and the screw propeller for ships.
Although he has been considered the greatest
technical genius of antiquity, in fact he preferred to
devote himself to pure scientific research. Tradition
relates that he discovered Archimedes principle,
that is, specific gravity, while pondering possible
theories in his bath; when he reached his stunning
insight, he dashed out naked into the street crying
Eureka! (I have found it!).
A) was so seriously concerned with technical issues

that he often neglected his scientific research
79. It is pointed out in the passage that Archimedes

inventions ----.
A) were not related to the theories that he had
already formulated
76. As one understands from the passage,

Archimedes was so thrilled by his unexpected
discovery of specific gravity that ----.
SY
B) have qualified him to be regarded as the

greatest genius of antiquity
C) were put into use when, following several
scientific tests, they proved to be very efficient
A) he immediately announced it to the public in an

unusual fashion
D) were all based on his theory of specific gravity,

which he had been pondering for a long time
B) he described every detail of it to the people with

scientific exactness
E) were described in detail in his writings
C) the people in the street joined him in the

celebration of his discovery
D) most of his contemporaries regarded it as a

perfect example of pure scientific research
80. As clearly pointed out in the passage, like the

principles of the pulley and the screw, the
principle of the lever ----.
E) his theory of specific gravity was soon applied in

shipbuilding
A) has been traditionally attributed to Archimedes,

but it had been known to other physicists in
antiquity
77. According to the passage, until Archimedes, ----.

A) there had been some scientific research on the
law of floating objects
B) can also be considered to be one of Archimedes

least scientific formulations
B) physics had not been considered to be a science

separate from philosophy
C) aroused so much interest in the public that he

was rightly proud of his scientific discovery
C) the use in ships of the screw propeller had

already been known
D) was also defined by Archimedes in absolutely

scientific terms
D) various theories had been proposed about

floating objects
E) was formulated by Archimedes only after he

carried out a series of complicated experiments
E) the study of philosophy had been confined only

to physics
21

83. It is stated in the passage that archaeological
evidence obtained so far ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) indicates the tenth century B.C. as the date of

the foundation of Rome
B) clearly proves how and when various IndoEuropean peoples crossed the Alps into Italy
C) shows why the earlier Romans decided to found
their city at a site up the Tiber River
D) proves conclusively how Rome came to be a
major port for trading ships
E) answers the question of why the original natives
of Italy collaborated with the Indo-European
invaders
The Romans were descended from a cluster of

peoples who had crossed the Alps into Italy during
the second millenium B.C. and spoke a variety of
Indo-European dialects. Recent archaeological
research has pushed the origins of the city of Rome
back to at least the tenth century B.C., several
centuries earlier than the traditional date 753 B.C.,
which the Romans themselves considered their citys
foundation year. Romes strategic location along the
Tiber River brought it many different advantages.
Trading ships could navigate the Tiber as far as
Rome, but no farther; the city could thus serve as a
port without being threatened by attack from the sea.
Romes famous hills increased the defensibility of the
site. In other words, as a city, Rome was situated at
a junction across the Tiber, making it a major land
and river crossroads.
84. It is indicated in the passage that the Romans

----.
81. According to the passage, Rome was founded at

a site along the Tiber, which ----.
A) built strong defences on the hills surrounding

Rome
SY
A) was vulnerable to attacks from the hills around
B) attributed the foundation of their city to one

specific year
B) provided a perfect crossing across the river
C) had been a major trading centre even before the

tenth century B.C.
C) maintained their Indo-European identity for

centuries
D) enabled merchant ships to sail far into the

country
D) were not a strategically-minded people and

never took security into account
E) was most exposed to the dangers from the sea
E) benefited from the Tiber only in terms of its

economic advantages.
85. One understands from the passage that the Tiber

in antiquity ----.
A) believed that the Alps would provide perfect

defence against invasions from the North
A) had been used as a waterway for trade even

before Rome was founded on it
B) came from the North and settled in Italy around

the tenth century B.C.
B) was the only river in Italy, on which trading ships

of any size could sail safely
C) first looked for a strategic location where they

could safely settle
C) played an important role in the defence of Rome

whenever the city was attacked from the sea
D) were a sea-going people who were particularly

interested in overseas trade
D) provided a number of crossings whereby the

Romans were able to transport their forces
across it
82. It is pointed out in the passage that the ancestors

of the Romans ----.
E) were the peoples who spoke various dialects of

the same language
E) was partially navigable and provided Rome with

an economic advantage
22

88. It is implied in the passage that the death of the
red spruce in the northeastern United States ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) is a clear indication of how forest decline can

turn into a major disaster
B) has been caused primarily by bacterial and viral
diseases in the region
C) was also noticed in the mid-1970s when the
trees showed a great deal of reduced vigour
D) was preceded first by reduced growth and then a
long period of deterioration
E) has resulted from the joint effects of air pollution
and environmental factors
When air pollution, including acid rain, is combined

with other environmental stresses, such as low winter
temperatures, prolonged droughts, insects, and
bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases, it can cause
plants to decline and die. More than half of the red
spruce trees in the mountains of the northern United
States have died since the mid-1970s. Other tree
species, such as sugar maples, for example, are also
dying. Many still-living trees are exhibiting symptoms
of forest decline, characterized by a gradual
deterioration and often eventual death. The general
symptoms of forest decline are reduced vigour and
growth, but some plants exhibit specific symptoms,
such as yellowing of needles in conifers. Air
pollutants may or may not be the primary stress that
results in forest decline, but the presence of air
pollution lowers plant resistance to other stress
factors. When one or more stresses weaken a tree,
then an additional stress may be enough to cause
death.
SY
89. It is emphasized in the passage that air pollution

----.
A) weakens the resistance of plants against
environmental stresses
86. It is suggested in the passage that air pollutants

----.
B) in the northeastern United States has declined

substantially over the years
A) become very destructive for all kinds of trees

when they turn into acid rain
B) have been the primary cause of the deterioration

of various tree species
C) can cause forest decline when they act together
with other environmental stresses
C) causes the spread of bacterial, fungal and viral

diseases in the world
D) plays a major role in the fall of winter

temperatures
E) prevents the detection of symptoms related to
forest decline.
D) show their adverse effect on trees most clearly

when there are prolonged droughts
E) are particularly effective on sugar maples and

conifers but not other species
90. As it is clear from the passage, one of the

symptoms that indicates forest decline is ----.
87. According to the passage, when the trees in a

forest fail to grow properly, ----.
A) the growing number of insects
A) this is directly related to low winter temperatures
B) the reduced vigour of trees
B) this is mostly the result of a fungal disease
C) lower winter temperatures
C) its immediate effect can be detected right away
D) prolonged droughts
D) this can be a symptom of forest decline
E) the increase of acid rain
E) it is inevitable that bacterial diseases will emerge

soon
23

91. It is pointed out in the passage that a large
number of countries with a temperate climate ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) have already applied to the Dutch government to

help them protect their coastal areas against a
rise in sea level owing to global warming
B) have urgently developed some costly strategies
in order to protect themselves from the extreme
effects of global warming
C) are developing new agricultural zones for
semitropical crops, since they are economically
more profitable than traditional crops
D) are experimenting with semitropical crops for the
replacement of their traditional crops in case the
climate gets warmer
Government planners and social scientists from

many countries are developing a number of
strategies to help us adapt to global warming. For
example, what should people living in coastal areas
do? They can move inland away from the dangers of
storm surges, although this solution has high
economic costs. An alternative plan, which is also
extremely expensive, is to build dikes to protect
coastal land. The Dutch, who have been doing this
sort of thing for several hundred years, have offered
their technical expertise to several developing nations
threatened by a rise in sea level. We also have to
adapt to shifting agricultural zones. Many temperate
countries are in the process of evaluating
semitropical crops to determine the best ones to
substitute for traditional crops if or when the climate
warms. Drought-resistant species of trees are being
developed by large lumber companies now, because
the trees planted today will be harvested many
decades later when global warming may already get
much worse.
SY
E) are exposed to the dangers of storm surges and

have therefore taken radical measures to rescue
their people in coastal areas
24

94. It is stated in the passage that, for our adaptation
to global warming, ----.

development of tree species that can resist
droughts ----.
A) is being carefully studied by government
planners and scientists as an alternative solution
B) is a precaution that major lumber firms are taking
against global warming
C) has been so costly that governments of
temperate countries have given it up
A) an alternative strategy is that all the coastal

areas in the world have to be evacuated so that
the inhabitants can be safe from the dangers of
storm surges
B) many scientists and planners are involved in a
series of activities that are primarily suitable for
temperate countries
C) not only the Dutch but also governments of many
countries have devoted a great deal of hard work
to the development of urgent strategies
D) is indispensable because, due to global

warming, most forests will disappear in a few
decades
D) new agricultural zones suitable for the growth of

semitropical crops and also the development of
drought-resistant trees are the only suitable
strategies
E) is important for countries where agricultural

zones have been badly affected by global
warming
SY
E) state planners and social scientists of different

nationalities are working to develop various
strategies
95. It is suggested in the passage that, in several

decades, ----.
93. As implied in the passage, the Dutch ----.
A) government planners and social scientists will

see their planning efforts rewarded
A) have a long history of experience in the

construction of dikes
B) most developing countries can experience a

severe decline in their agricultural production
B) are very concerned about some coastal areas

threatened by a rise in sea level
C) have been reluctant to cooperate technically with

some developing countries
C) most coastal areas may be flooded unless they

are protected by dikes
D) the effects of global warming may be much more
adverse
D) learned how to build dikes about a hundred

years ago to protect their coastal areas
E) lumber companies may go out of business due

to the heavy costs incurred by the planting of
trees
E) think that it is extremely expensive for

developing countries to build dikes
25

97. It is pointed out in the passage that the primary
aim in the contruction of the Stockton-Darlington
railway was to ----.

cevaplaynz.
A) give George Stephenson an opportunity to

demonstrate his engineering skills
B) enable people to travel more comfortably and
cheaply
C) transport more goods overland so that the costs
could be much lower
D) make the transportation of coal more efficient for
the industry
E) get rid of the use of horses in the transportation
of heavy materials
SY
In England, transportation had improved a great deal

during the years before 1830, but moving heavy
materials, particularly coal, remained a problem. It is
therefore significant that the first modern railway, built
in 1825 for the transportation of coal, ran from the
Durham coal field of Stockton to Darlington near the
coast. Coal had traditionally been transported short
distances via tramways, or tracks along which horses
pulled coal carts. The Stockton-to-Darlington railway
was a logical extension of a tramway, designed to
answer the transportation needs arising from
constantly expanding industrialization. The man
primarily responsible for the design of the first steam
railway was George Stephenson, a self-educated
engineer who had not learned to read until he was
seventeen. The locomotives on the StocktonDarlington line travelled at fifteen miles an hour, the
fastest rate at which machines had yet moved goods
overland. Soon they would move people as well,
transforming transportation in the process.
96. It is emphasized in the passage that George

Stephenson, who designed the first steam
railway, ----.
98. According to the passage, much improvement

----.
A) developed new techniques in order to increase

the speed of locomotives
A) was needed for an efficient use of tramways in

the transportation of all sorts of goods
B) was one of the partners who owned the Durham

coal field of Stockton
B) had been achieved in transportation by 1830 in

England
C) had been previously involved in the solution of

various other problems concerning transportation
D) had already distinguished himself by his
achievements as an engineer
C) was not expected in the transportation of coal

when the first railway was built in 1825
D) was needed in the construction of railways for
the development of England
E) had not received formal education to become an

engineer
E) had been made before Stephenson in the design

of locomotives
26

100. It is clear from the passage that the steam railway
----.
99. Attention is drawn in the passage to the fact that,

in the early decades of the nineteenth century,
----.
A) had been in use in England before Stephenson

introduced new techniques
A) England made great advances in the design and

manufacture of machines
B) the production of coal in England was technically
much improved
C) Darlington developed into a major port for
Englands export of coal
B) remained a local facility and played no role in the

industrialization of England
C) was a solution to meet the transportation needs
of Englands industry
D) was invented in the first place for travel between
Stockton and Darlington
D) England was in a continuous process of

industrial growth
E) had little impact on the transformation of

transportation in nineteenth-century England
SY
E) engineering was not yet a profession that was

popular in England
TEST BTT.
27

1. 2010-KPDS Sonbahar Dnemi Snava Giri ve Kimlik
2. Cep telefonu ile snava girmek kesinlikle yasaktr.
ar cihaz, telsiz, fotoraf makinesi vb. aralarla;
cep bilgisayar, saat her trl bilgisayar zellii
bulunan cihazlarla; silah ve benzeri tehizatla;
msvedde kd, defter, kitap, szlk, szlk ilevi
olan elektronik aygt, hesap cetveli, hesap makinesi,
pergel, aler, cetvel vb. aralarla da snava girmek
kesinlikle yasaktr. Bu aralarla snava girmi adaylar
mutlaka Salon Snav Tutanana yazlacak, bu
adaylarn snav geersiz saylacaktr. Snava kalem,
silgi, kalemtra, saat vb. arala girmek yasaktr.
Kulaklk, kpe, bro vb. tak, herhangi bir metal
eya ile girmek de kesinlikle yasaktr. Yiyecek,
iecek vb. tketim malzemeleri de snava
getirilemez. Adaylar snava effaf ie ierisinde
su getirebileceklerdir.
3. Bu snavda verilen toplam cevaplama sresi 180
dakikadr. Snav baladktan sonra ilk 135 ve son
15 dakika iinde adayn snavdan kmasna
kesinlikle izin verilmeyecektir.
4. Snav evrakn teslim ederek salonu terk eden
aday, her ne sebeple olursa olsun tekrar snava
alnmayacaktr.
5. Cevaplamay sre bitmeden tamamlarsanz, cevap
kdnz ve soru kitapnz salon grevlilerine
teslim ederek salonu terk edebilirsiniz. Snav sresinin bittii ilan edildiinde cevap ktlar ve soru
kitapklar salon grevlileri tarafndan toplanncaya
kadar yerlerinizde kalnz.
6. Snav sresince grevlilerle konumak, grevlilere
soru sormak yasaktr. Ayn ekilde grevlilerin de
adaylarla yakndan ve alak sesle konumalar;
ayrca, adaylarn birbirinden kalem, silgi vb. eyleri
istemeleri kesinlikle yasaktr.
7. Snav srasnda, grevlilerin her trl uyarlarna
uymak zorundasnz. Snavnzn geerli saylmas,
her eyden nce snav kurallarna uymanza baldr.
uyarlara uymayanlarn kimlik bilgileri tutanaa
yazlacak ve snavlar geersiz saylacaktr.
kopya veren, kopya ekilmesine yardm edenlerin
kimlik bilgileri Salon Snav Tutanana yazlacak ve
bu adaylarn snavlar geersiz saylacaktr. Grevliler kopya ekmeye veya vermeye kalkanlar
uyarmak zorunda deildir, sorumluluk size aittir.
Adaylarn test sorularna verdikleri cevaplarn

dalmlar bilgi ilem yntemleriyle incelenecek; bu
incelemelerden elde edilen bulgular bireysel veya
toplu olarak kopya ekildiini gsterirse, kopya
eylemine katlan adayn/adaylarn cevaplarnn bir
ksm veya tamam iptal edilecektir. Cevap kdnz
gerekmektedir.
Snav grevlileri bir salondaki snavn, kurallara uygun biimde yaplmadn, toplu kopya giriiminde
bulunulduunu raporlarnda bildirdii takdirde,
SYM takdir hakkn kullanarak bu salonda snava
giren tm adaylarn snavn geersiz sayabilir.
9. Cevap kdna yazlacak her trl yazda ve yaplacak btn iaretlemelerde kurun kalem kullanlacaktr. Snav sresi bittiinde cevaplarn cevap
kdna iaretlenmi olmas gerekir. Soru kitapna iaretlenen cevaplar geerli deildir.
olmadn, kitapkta basm hatalarnn bulunup
bulunmadn kontrol ediniz. Soru kitapnzn
sayfas eksik veya basm hatal ise deitirilmesi
iin derhl Salon Bakanna bavurunuz. Soru
kitapnn zerindeki aklamalar dikkatle okumadan cevaplama ilemine gemeyiniz.
kitapnn zerinde ayrlan yere adnz, soyadnz,
T.C. Kimlik Numaranz ve bu salonun Salon Numarasn yaznz. Snav sonunda soru kitapklar toplanacak ve SYMde tek tek incelenecektir. Soru
kitapnzn bir sayfas bile eksik karsa snavnz
geersiz saylacaktr. Cevap kdna ve soru kitapna yazlmas ve iaretlenmesi gereken bilgilerde
bir eksiklik ve/veya yanllk olmas hlinde snavnzn deerlendirilmesi mmkn olamamaktadr.
Tarafnzdan yazlmas ve iaretlenmesi gereken bu
bilgilerde eksiklik ve/veya yanllk olmas hlinde
durumunuz Salon Snav Tutananda belirtilecektir.
13. Sorular ve/veya bu sorulara verdiiniz cevaplar ayr
bir kda yazp bu kd dar karmanz kesinlikle yasaktr.
14. Snav salonundan ayrlmadan nce, soru kitapnz, cevap kdnz ve 2010-KPDS Sonbahar

05 ARALIK 2010
NGLZCE
A KTAPII
26. D
51. D
76. A
2. C
27. A
52. C
77. B
3. E
28. B
53. B
78. C
4. A
29. D
54. E
79. B
5. B
30. C
55. A
80. D
6. C
31. A
56. E
81. B
7. B
32. C
57. A
82. E
8. A
33. A
58. E
83. A
9. E
34. D
59. C
84. B
10. D
35. C
60. B
85. E
11. B
36. B
61. E
86. C
12. A
37. D
62. D
87. D
13. B
38. A
63. D
88. E
14. C
39. C
64. A
89. A
15. D
40. B
65. B
90. B
16. E
41. C
66. C
91. D
17. B
42. B
67. D
92. B
18. D
43. E
68. A
93. A
19. C
44. B
69. E
94. E
20. A
45. D
70. D
95. D
21. E
46. D
71. E
96. E
22. C
47. E
72. D
97. D
23. A
48. B
73. A
98. B
24. B
49. A
74. C
99. D
25. D
50. C
75. D
100. C
SY
1. D
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jkjlmjjm
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22 MAYIS 2011
NGLZCE
MASTER KOPYA
21. D
41. D
61. B
2. C
22. B
42. C
62. E
3. E
23. E
43. B
63. C
4. D
24. B
44. E
64. E
5. E
25. C
45. B
65. D
6. D
26. E
46. E
66. A
7. B
27. A
47. C
67. B
8. C
28. C
48. D
68. C
9. E
29. A
49. B
69. D
10. B
30. D
50. A
70. C
11. A
31. B
51. B
71. A
12. D
32. D
52. E
72. E
13. E
33. A
53. C
73. C
14. B
34. C
54. E
74. E
15. D
35. E
55. D
75. C
16. C
36. D
56. B
76. A
17. E
37. E
57. E
77. E
18. A
38. D
58. D
78. C
19. B
39. B
59. E
79. B
20. A
40. A
60. A
80. D
SY
1. B
2011
November
;f)S])w,E GS+
3'D].@gt(R/V
aa!!a!aaaaaaa!a!
MASTER KTAPIK
00000000
NGLZCE TEST
2011-KPDS Sonbahar/NGLZCE
00000000
1. Bu testte 80 soru vardr.
5.
1. - 7. sorularda, cmlede bo braklan yerlere

uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
1.
In cases involving childrens injuries, the most

effective ---- are directed at parents.
A) benefits
B) exceptions
C) purposes
D) disturbances
6.
With a bit of adaptation, ---- technology could help

us to eventually establish a colony on Mars.
A) explicit
B) impartial
C) reserved
D) current
B) designed for
C) troubled by
D) brought upon
Modern humans, Homo sapiens, ---- in Africa

around 200,000 years ago and by about 30,000 years
ago they ---- all other forms of early humans, such
as Neanderthals and Homo erectus.
A) have been evolving / replaced
B) would evolve / are replacing
C) were evolving / have replaced
D) evolved / had replaced
E) supplementary
3.
A) divided into
E) settled into
E) interventions
2.
Geology, the science of the Earth, is ---- several

branches including mineralogy, petrology,
stratigraphy, palaeontology and tectonics.
E) had evolved / had been replacing
Despite dramatic increases in trade worldwide,

countries still differ ---- in the extent to which they
engage in trade.
A) reluctantly
B) substantially
C) attentively
D) pleasingly
7.
Tablet computers ---- some advantages for

form-filling or updating your status on a social
network, but you ---- it hard to get any real work
done.
A) are offering / must find
B) have been offering / should find
E) incidentally
C) can offer / will have to find

D) had offered / would have found
4.
E) might offer / could find
Generally considered to be the greatest composer

of the 20th century, Igor Stravinskys long life ---continents, cultures and eras.
A) fetched
B) reversed
D) magnified
C) spanned
E) acquired
00000000
12. Little Caesar, often called the grandfather of the

gangster movie, was produced at the beginning of
the sound era, and ---- it shows its age in some
areas, it is still an effective thriller.

8.
The official Lincoln Heritage Trail passes ---west-central and southern Illinois ---- about 1,100
miles, visiting many of the major sites in Abraham
Lincolns life along the way.
A) down / beneath
B) by / below
C) through / for
D) into / upon
A) even
D) so
In addition to its preoccupation ---- the legacy of

neorealism, Italian cinema also shifted ---internationalism during the 1970s.
A) with / towards
B) to / over
C) for / at
D) of / in
C) while
E) besides
13. ---- the role of the school in developing students

civic values, most proponents of citizenship
education agree that it should involve a range of
democratic values such as the sense of public
responsibility.
E) along / at
9.
B) because
A) At least
B) In spite of
C) In comparison to
D) With regard to
E) Rather than
14. Lead was used for centuries to make the pipes

---- water flowed from reservoirs to houses and
public buildings such as baths.
E) about / by
10. The food industry is vulnerable to the charge that it

contributes to mortality ---- actively seeking to
increase consumption of unhealthy foods ---- which
profits depend.
A) at / for
B) by / on
C) against / into
D) with / from
A) through which
B) with which
C) on which
D) at which
E) of which
E) in / at
11. Geopolitics provides various ways of looking at the

world and is highly visual, readily embracing maps,
tables, and photographs ----.
A) from now on
B) as a consequence
C) at most
D) instead
E) sooner
00000000
17.
15. - 19. sorularda, aadaki parada numaralanm

yerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) just
Many architects saw a building as a total work of art.

They argued that the architect should design everything
in a building, and this (15)---- not just fittings but also
furniture. (16)----, many modern architects made striking
furniture designs for use in their buildings, and these
items also became (17)---- widely used. Miess
metal-and-leather Barcelona Chair, (18)---- made for the
German Pavilion at the Barcelona Exposition and then
widely copied, is the most famous example. Gerrit
Rietvelds Red-Blue Chair, a structure of planes and
lines like a three-dimensional Mondrian painting,
symbolizes De Stijl (19)---- many people.
B) more
D) most
C) as
E) such
18.
A) commonly
B) readily
C) originally
D) positively
15.
E) equally
A) has been included
B) must be included
C) was included
D) had been included
E) included
19.
16.
A) between
A) On the other hand
B) However
C) Otherwise
D) As a result
D) over
B) by
C) in
E) for
E) Even so
00000000
22.
20. - 24. sorularda, aadaki parada numaralanm

yerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) thus
Jean Piagets training included heavy doses of both

biology and philosophy. From philosophy came
(20)---- of the content of his work. Piagets goal
(21)---- his career was to use the study of children to
answer basic philosophical questions about the nature
and origins of knowledge. His research (22)---- shows a
consistent focus on what have long been central topics
in philosophy: the childs understanding of space, time,
and causality, of number and quantity, of classes and
relations, of invariance and change. Undoubtedly, one
reason Piagets studies (23)---- so much attention up till
now is that they identify such basic and important forms
of knowledge. Another reason is Piagets surprising,
and controversial, claim that these basic forms of
knowledge often take a long time to (24)----.
B) quite
D) although
C) rather
E) instead
23.
A) will attract
B) have attracted
C) were attracting
D) had attracted
E) are attracting
20.
A) few
B) that
C) many
24.
D) much
E) several
A) claim
B) succeed
C) ensure
D) predict
E) develop
21.
A) against
B) at
D) besides
C) throughout
E) over
00000000
27. Because social relations are so crucial for human

life, ----.
25. - 34. sorularda, verilen cmleyi uygun ekilde

tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) young adults often devote long hours to work,

leaving little time for other activities
25. Whether you are interested in the ancient, medieval,

or modern world, ----.
B) relationships that cut across both racial and ethnic

lines are nothing new
A) the Cities of the Dead are cemeteries in Cairo that

have become home to thousands of the citys
poorest
C) it is not surprising that loneliness and personal

rejection are major sources of distress
D) loneliness can take many forms and cannot be
detected simply by looking at someone
B) you can visit the Old City of Jerusalem, which is

home to countless Jewish, Christian, and Muslim
sacred sites, such as the Wailing Wall
E) it is possible to experience one type of loneliness

but not the others
C) you can see the ancient cities of Harappa and

Mohenjo-Daro in Pakistan dating back to 3000 BC
that are still under excavation
28. ----, but it is easy to see proof of major market

failures there as well.
D) you can find art and architecture from each time

period anywhere people resided in the Middle East
A) It is possible for trade policy to ignore national

welfare altogether
E) the Egyptian Museum in Cairo is a treasure chest of

mummies, statues, and thousands of other items of
historic value
B) Domestic market failure calls for domestic policy

changes based on cost-benefit analysis
C) Most deviations from free trade result in market
failure
26. ----, while larger sailing cruisers are used for

long-distance racing.
D) We need to realize that economic theory does not

provide a dogmatic defence of free trade
A) Smaller sail boats are used for weekend and holiday

cruising
E) The evidence that markets perform poorly is a little

less obvious in advanced countries
B) Many different types of smaller sailing dinghies have

gone on the market
C) Fibreglass has helped extend the use of smaller
boats to more people
29. Although young children are certainly sensitive to

other peoples facial expressions, ----.
D) The yacht Maiden was used to compete in a long

race with the first female crew
A) they find it difficult to learn that something is bad for

them
E) The kayak is the most popular type of canoe in

Europe
B) their brains are not capable of fully understanding

the emotions that cause them
C) it is still not a good idea to send them to school at a
very early age
D) they generally want things that they cannot have
E) it is hard for them to deal with being separated from
their caregivers
00000000
30. The language game is similar to other games in that

it is structured by rules ----.
33. People lose one of the most obvious ways in which

they can identify their place in society ----.
A) upon which certain notions have not yet been

defined clearly by linguists
A) when they leave the workforce permanently

B) so they need to gain a lot of work experience
B) which provide a picture of a world without laws
C) because they generally love to socialize
C) so that individuals are initiated into their own society

and culture by their parents
D) as their retirement is a reward for years of hard work

E) despite their failure to change their habits
D) which speakers learn simply by belonging to a

particular speech community
E) and these are completely irrelevant to the actual
users of the language
34. You will feel right at home with Floridas outrageous

broadcasts ----.
A) whereas analogue sound has higher fidelity than
digital sound
31. There are hundreds of mental or cognitive ability

tests available worldwide, ----.
B) if you are accustomed to the sensationalism of

cheap daily newspapers
A) while aptitude tests are typically used to predict

future performance
C) although they give you direct access to many TV

channels
B) therefore new applicants are assumed to be more

successful in such tests
D) whether you have to choose from a wide variety of

radio channels
C) so people need to study very hard if they want to get

a good score
E) as though your favourite song was on air all day

long
D) though people have to be careful and make sure

they know their mental ability
E) yet the number of people who value their results
remains very low
32. A glacier is an enormous ice mass ----.

A) since a mountain valley carved out by a river is
usually steep
B) as long as the surrounding rock is scoured by the
ice and sediment
C) that results from more snow falling and
accumulating in winter than melts in the summer
D) while the sun rays are not as strong during these
times
E) which shows that our mild climate is only an interval
between ice ages
00000000
36. It can be inferred from the passage that the author

----.
35. - 38. sorular aadaki paraya gre

cevaplaynz.
A) believes that dialectology as a science has not fully

developed despite scholarly efforts
Americans tend to think that varieties of English are

more determined by region than by any other factor,
such as age, ethnicity, gender and social class. The
linguist Henry Smith, for instance, maintained that each
region of American English is highly distinctive.
Scholars who have investigated the matter have been
influenced by the theory of dialect geography
formulated in the 19th century by European
dialectologists. As a result, investigations have
presumed the idea of long-settled and stable regions
an idea appropriate for Europe but less suitable to the
more recent and fluid settlement patterns of the US.
Even so, American English dialects are conventionally
treated under four headings: North, Coastal South,
Midland, and West. The Northern dialect stretches from
New England to New York and was shaped by
migration from the 17th century colonial settlements.
The Coastal Southern dialect centres on the Atlantic
port cities of the states of Virginia, the Carolinas and
Georgia, formed in a time of plantation and ranch
agriculture. The Midland dialect is spoken between
North and South Midlands according to some
dialectologists while others emphasize its affiliation with
its neighbours and describe it as Lower North and
Upper South. Finally, the Western dialect is used in the
area that covers California and the Pacific Northwest.
B) believes in the advantages of the theory of dialect

geography originally developed for Europe
C) has doubts about the applicability of the European
view of dialects for the US
D) offers the settlement histories as the best
explanation for the emergence of dialects
E) strongly believes in the idea that American English
can best be classified in terms of regions
37. According to the passage, ----.

A) the popular ideas of most Americans on the subject
of dialects are not shared by mainstream linguists
B) linguists who have carried out research on American
dialects have been educated in Europe
C) factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, and social
class seldom play a role in dialectal differences
D) geography has little bearing on dialect boundaries
because of migration
35. As it is clearly stated in the passage, there is an

assumption that ----.
E) Henry Smith thinks that the relatively new and

mobile settlement patterns in the US are a great
influence on dialects
A) the Midland dialect cannot be classified

B) the four-way division of American English is made
according to occupational considerations
C) social factors such as ethnicity hardly ever

contribute to the classification of dialects
D) Americans classify dialects according to regional
factors
A) scholars have a unified theory of dialect geography
E) the Coastal Southern dialect is affiliated with Upper

South and Lower North
B) European settlement patterns do not share the

same history as those in the US
C) there is a need to compare the various regions in
the US in terms of dialect differences
D) the critics who assert that social factors are equally
valid are mistaken
E) the Western dialect is no longer in use in its Native
California
00000000
40. According to the passage, physical disabilities

----.

cevaplaynz.
A) seem to play no role in the emergence of dyslexia

and dyscalculia
To succeed in school, children must master three

skills reading, writing and arithmetic but not all
students readily grasp these basic skills. Among
English-speaking children, an estimated 2 to 15% have
trouble with reading or spelling, broadly classified as
dyslexia. From 1 to 7% struggle to do math, a disability
known as dyscalculia. Statistics vary but dyslexia
appears to be more common among English speakers
than among speakers of highly phonetic languages
such as Turkish and Italian. It is believed that at least
one child in most elementary school classes in the US
suffers from dyslexia. Both dyslexia and dyscalculia
defy easy explanation. Neither disorder is the result of
faulty eyesight or hearing, both of which can also delay
language acquisition but are easily corrected. Instead,
children with dyslexia and dyscalculia have working
sensory organs, apparently normal sensory and motor
development and, sometimes, above-average
intelligence. After more than 15 years of research,
investigators now believe these conditions frequently
involve so-called partial functional deficits of the
senses: In affected children, the eyes and ears
accurately register sights and sounds, letters,
numbers and spoken syllables, but that information
is misinterpreted as it is processed in the brain.
B) are the main causes for childrens inability to read

and calculate
C) are contributing factors responsible for dyslexia and
dyscalculia
D) can delay language acquisition in an estimated 2 to
15% of children
E) are observed in at least one child in elementary
school classes in the US

A) children with dyslexia and dyscalculia may have
difficulty in speaking their native language
B) children with dyslexia and dyscalculia do not have
normal sensory and motor development
C) researchers often tend to confuse dyslexia with
dyscalculia
D) people with dyslexia and dyscalculia are often below
average intelligence
E) partial functional deficits could be to blame for
dyslexia and dyscalculia
39. As it is clearly stated in the passage, the disorder

dyslexia ----.
A) is easily observed in phonetic languages like
Turkish and Italian
42. It is stated in the passage that ----.
B) occurs in people who have dyscalculia

A) dyslexia and dyscalculia are the least important
issues in the US
C) is unheard of in the history of US education
B) reading, writing and arithmetic are areas crucial to

academic success
D) could have something to do with the type of

language children are acquiring
C) if it were not for dyslexia and dyscalculia, American

education would be free of problems
E) has not been documented for highly phonetic

languages
D) dyslexia and dyscalculia are the learning disabilities

most easily solved by educationalists
E) dyscalculia appears to be more widespread than
dyslexia in elementary school classes
00000000

cevaplaynz.
A) most people feared Germany more than France,

Russia and Britain at that time
The First World War could be called the War of the

Ottoman Succession. It was, in part, a struggle between
Austria and Russia for domination in the areas in the
Balkans once ruled by the Ottoman Empire. Its first
shots were fired in the former Ottoman city of Sarajevo.
Throughout the summer and autumn of 1914, as the
European powers were locked in battle, the Ottoman
government hesitated. Finally, at the end of October,
against the wishes of his colleagues, Enver Pasha
decided to attack Russian targets with the new warships
in the Black Sea. His decision led to war across Europe,
the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the end of
stability in the Middle East. Initially, the alliance between
the Ottoman Empire and the Central Powers worked
well. In the first half of the 20th century, Germany was
not the source of horror that it later became. Britain,
France and Russia were the enemies to be feared and
resented. By comparison, Germany appeared friendly.
The Ottoman government calculated that its alliance
with the Central Powers would restore the glory of the
empire, help it recover some of the islands lost to
Greece in 1913, and perhaps lead to an extension of
territory in Turkish-speaking central Asia.
B) the Central Powers did everything possible to help

the Ottoman Empire recapture territory in the east
C) the Ottoman government sought assistance from
the Turkish-speaking peoples of central Asia
D) the Ottoman governments decision to form an
alliance with Germany was partly based on the hope
of regaining some Greek islands
E) Germany was disliked in Europe for the role it
played in attacking Russian targets
45. According to the passage, Enver Pasha ----.

A) was determined to side with the Central Powers
despite the initial uncertainty of his colleagues
B) continued to remain neutral in the face of the
challenges he faced
43. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.
C) could have avoided the conflict between Austria and

Russia
D) submitted to the wishes of his colleagues in sending
the warships to attack Russia
A) Austria and Russias struggle for domination in the

Balkans was largely ignored by the Ottoman Empire
E) thought Russia would not fight back if it was

attacked
B) having lost the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire looked

to join forces with central Asia to attack Russia
C) the Ottoman Empire was looking for ways to recover
its former glory through its alliance with Germany
and Austria
46. The main focus of the passage is on ----.

A) the contribution of the Central Powers to the
Ottoman attempts to remain a major power
D) the Ottoman Empires decision to ally itself with

Germany was very unpopular with Austria
B) the break-up of the Ottoman Empire and the

ineffective efforts to stop it
E) Enver Pashas decision to enter into war against

Russia was based on his desire to free the city of
Sarajevo
C) the conditions under which Germany became the

most powerful nation in Europe
D) how the European powers wanted to control weaker
peoples and nations
E) the tactics the Ottoman government used to prevent
the war
00000000

cevaplaynz.
The Dead Sea is a place of mystery: the lowest surface

on earth, the purported sites of Sodom and Gomorrah,
a supposed font of curative waters and, despite its
name, a treasure trove of unusual microbial life. Yet
its future is anything but a mystery. After centuries of
stability owing to a delicate equilibrium between
freshwater supply from the Jordan River and
evaporation under the relentless Middle Eastern
sun the sea is now disappearing. Jordanians to the
east, Israelis to the west and Syrians and Lebanese to
the north are pumping so much freshwater from the
river catchment that almost none reaches the sea.
Israel and Jordan are also siphoning water from the
Dead Sea to extract valuable minerals, hastening the
decline. Thousands of sinkholes have formed in the
receding seas wake, curtailing tourism and
development along the border because no one can
predict where the next gaping hole will suddenly open,
potentially swallowing buildings, roads or people.
Concerned over losing a valuable natural and cultural
resource, officials from Israel, Jordan and the
Palestinian Authorities have proposed an enormous
conveyor system that would steadily refill the Dead Sea
with water from the Red Sea to the south. Scientists are
testing how the mixing of the waters might affect the
lakes chemistry and biology.
48. The main reason why the Dead Sea is about to

disappear is that ----.
A) the Jordan River has overflowed into the sea
B) thousands of sinkholes have formed in it
C) its water source is being used up by tourists looking
for miracle cures
D) the microbial life existing in it has multiplied
E) the natural balance between its water gain and loss
has been destroyed
49. We understand from the passage that ----.

A) its curative waters are the only incentive for
preserving the Dead Sea
B) it is easy to predict where the next sinkhole will
occur
C) there are many good reasons for bringing the Dead
Sea back to life
D) the sun no longer affects the waters of the Middle
Eastern regions
E) the Palestinian Authority is the sole official
mechanism concerned about the Dead Sea
47. According to the passage, the Dead Sea ----.

A) receives a lot of freshwater from neighbouring rivers
B) still enjoys stability thanks to the presence of regular

water addition and evaporation
A) although its name indicates otherwise, the Dead

Sea actually hosts many living organisms
C) has led to the development of a touristic site along

the borders of Israel and Jordan
B) the water transferred from the Red Sea will restore

the Dead Sea to its original state
D) is currently under serious threat of vanishing

completely
C) despite the fact that Israel and Jordan are pumping

water from the sea, the loss of water is minimal
E) has become so contaminated that cleansing it will

be impossible
D) the Jordan River only exists today because of the

waters from the Dead Sea
E) the gaping holes have had little effect on the Dead
Seas touristic value
10
00000000

cevaplaynz.
For some people, living in an affluent area can actually

be a health hazard. This is the provocative conclusion
of a study of the death records of more than 8,000
people living in four major US cities. The ill effects of
being poor or living in economically disadvantaged
areas have been demonstrated before, but it is unusual
to consider that poor people living in richer areas may
be no better off. Marilyn Winkleby, a researcher at
Stanford University in California, decided to look into
this and was surprised to find that the death rates in
four Californian cities were actually highest for poor
people living in the richest neighbourhoods. Her study
offers two possible explanations: Poorer people living in
rich areas may have to pay proportionally more for
housing, intensifying the effect of poverty; alternatively,
their health may suffer from the stress caused by
continually being reminded that they are at the bottom
of the pile. Another researcher, Richard Wilkinson, from
the University of Nottingham in the UK, also suspects
that stress is largely to blame. He reviewed more than
150 studies and concluded that health is generally
poorer when differences in income are larger.
52. Winklebys study is different from other studies of

poverty in that she ----.
A) studied cities that other studies had failed to include
B) focussed entirely on the state of California, ignoring
other states
C) compared the death records in both rich and poor
neighbourhoods
D) considered income to be the primary variable
E) looked at an aspect that had previously been
ignored
53. The common feature of Winkleby and Wilkinsons

studies is that both ----.
A) concluded that stress is a major factor
B) reviewed the death records of poor people
C) blamed the inequalities in society for poverty
D) agreed that poverty was more noticeable in poor
areas
51. The study is referred to as provocative as it ----.
E) accepted there were two possible explanations
A) is based on the use of confidential death records

B) has introduced a new perspective regarding the
problem of poverty
C) blames the rich for some of the worst aspects of
poverty
D) has shown that poverty in the US is far worse than

people had imagined
A) California has some of the poorest people in the US
E) puts forward the claim that poor people create

health hazards
B) poor people are generally very unhealthy

C) suffering from health problems is the most
detrimental effect of poverty
D) being constantly made aware of your poverty can be
harmful
E) studies on poverty are a new area of research
11
00000000
55. - 58. sorularda, karlkl konumann bo

56. Mary:
More and more people are becoming concerned
about the environment. So, how green would
you say you are?
55. Sue:
Ive just read Freuds The Interpretation of
Dreams. It was really fascinating.
Tim:
Well, I try and do some simple things to lessen my
impact on the environment.
Marion:
Thats a book Ive always meant to read. What
does Freud say?
Mary:
----
Sue:
----
Tim:
Let me think, when I go on holiday, I try and
choose a hotel thats located near public
transportation.
Marion:
So, I should keep a dream diary and try and see
what they mean.
A) People should use public transport, shouldnt they?
A) Like other psychologists, he believes the dreams

themselves are actually meaningless.
B) Do you think that will really make any difference?
B) He maintains that an average person sleeps six

hours a day.
C) Can you give me any specific examples?
C) He believes that our dreams are important and can

reveal what we unconsciously desire.
D) Have you stopped travelling abroad?
D) That dreams are simply the result of random

electrical impulses in the brain.
E) So, dont you travel by plane anymore?
E) He suggests that we should not waste our time

trying to interpret dreams.
12
00000000
57. Sam:
----
Pete:
Is that another example of fruit produced by
genetic engineering?
Sam:
Actually, its not. Its a hybrid fruit, produced by
crossbreeding theres a difference between the
processes involved.
59. - 62. sorularda, verilen cmleye anlamca en

yakn cmleyi bulunuz.
59. The word robot was popularized in 1921 by Czech

playwright Karel Capek, but people have envisioned
creating robot-like devices for thousands of years.
A) For thousands of years, the notion of creating
robot-like devices was a very popular one.
Pete:
I thought they were basically the same thing.
B) Robots have, in theory, been around for thousands
of years, but the first real robot was created by Karel
Capek in 1921.
A) Most fruits like bananas have been grown using

chemical pesticides.
B) Genetic engineering is really moving forward these
days.
C) People have had the idea of creating robots for a

long time, but it wasnt until 1921 that the term
robot became widespread through the work of
Karel Capek.
C) I read that scientists are looking into enhancing the

disease-fighting power of oranges.
D) Robot-like devices were actually created thousands

of years ago, but were not popular until one
appeared in a play in 1921.
D) There are enormous nutritional benefits to eating

genetically enhanced fruit.
E) Ive just had an aprium its a combination of an
apricot and a plum.
E) Karel Capek was the first person who took the idea
of creating robot-like devices seriously.
58. Adam:
Do you agree with the scientists who claim that
life on earth will soon come to an end?
Gail:
Yes, I do. We use our resources in such an
extravagant way nowadays that it is only a matter
of time before they are depleted.
60. The British are not actually more modest than other
nations, but they do have a set of social rules that
include maintaining a front of modesty at all times.
Adam:
----
A) Modesty is maintained by the British through the

observation of strict rules that have always been of
great importance throughout history.
Gail:
Well, only if we are more careful from now on.
B) Although not necessarily more modest than others,

the social rules they have show that it is important
for British people to appear modest.
A) Do you think it is possible for us to extend the time

that we have left?
C) Besides the fact that most British people are

modest, they also have more social rules than other
nations.
B) Does that mean we are living our last days on

earth?
D) Other nations may actually be more modest than the

British despite not having a set of social rules.
C) Shouldnt we pay more attention to what

environmentalists say regarding this matter?
D) The movie 2012 was about the approaching end of
the world, wasnt it?
E) For the British, it is important that they are viewed

as the most modest nation in the world since they
have a set of strict social rules.
E) Are we going to be able to use the resources found

on other planets in the near future?
13
00000000
61. For decades, Latin Americas importance in the

world has been decreasing it is not an economic
powerhouse, a security threat or a population
bomb.
A) Due to the lack of security and the population
explosion in Latin America, it can no longer be
considered an important player on the world stage.
B) Latin America has become increasingly less
important in the world because its economy is
shrinking, its population is exploding and it is no
longer a security threat.
63. - 66. sorularda, verilen durumda sylenmi

63. You were invited to be a key speaker at a

conference and gladly accepted the invitation.
However, as the conference draws near, you realize
you will not be able to have your presentation ready
in time. You feel bad, but you wont be able to do it
and so you want to let them know about it without
making a fake excuse and you say:
A) I really must apologize for this but Ive been asked
to present at another conference on the same day.
Sorry about that.
C) Over the past few decades, globally there has been

recognition that Latin America is slowly gaining a
place in the world economy despite its shrinking
population.
B) Theres just no way that I will be able to speak at the

conference because of my health problems. Can
you get someone else?
D) For many years now, Latin America has become

less important and poses no threat economically,
security-wise or in terms of over-population.
C) Im afraid you didnt give me enough time to prepare

my presentation, so Im going to drop out of the
conference.
E) Recently, Latin America has lost its global

importance in terms of its economic power and
population, but it is still a potential security threat.
D) Look, Im sorry but would it be OK with you if I dont

present at the conference?
E) I realize that Im letting you down, but unfortunately,
my presentation will not be ready and Im afraid Ill
be unable to speak at the conference.
62. As inhabitants of one of earths most denselypopulated continents, Europeans know well that
environmental protection is not a luxury, but rather
a necessity.
A) Living in one of the worlds most densely-populated
continents, Europeans are well aware that they need
to protect the environment.
B) More people live on the European continent than
anywhere else and for this reason they know that
they have a duty to protect the environment.
64. You have just boarded the plane and see that an
elderly woman is sitting in your seat. You
specifically requested a window seat, but when you
ask the woman to move, she just ignores you. You
dont want to get angry, but you do want your seat.
You say:
A) Im sorry, you just dont want to understand, but
thats my seat.
C) It is necessary for Europeans to stop living in luxury

and start taking more responsibility for the protection
of the European continent.
B) Please move, you know youre in the wrong seat,

dont you?
C) As I said before, thats my seat. Im afraid you are
going to have to move to your own seat.
D) Of all the densely-populated continents on earth,

Europe is the one that is in most need of
environmental protection.
D) Are you deaf? I told you thats my seat youre sitting

in.
E) The luxury of protecting the environment can no

longer be applied to earths continents, particularly
in the case of Europe.
E) Look, Ive already told you once before, youre

sitting in my seat.
14
00000000
65. You are taking part in a panel discussion on nuclear

power. All the other panellists disagree with you as
you are the only one who is against it. They rarely
give you an opportunity to speak. Eventually, you
are able to speak and you want to politely express
your dissatisfaction with not being able to speak
before. You say:
A) At last! Are you so afraid of what I was going to say
that you were not going to let me speak? Thats
disgraceful!
B) Thank you for finally allowing me to put across a
different perspective, I thought the other side would
never be heard.
67. - 70. sorularda, bo braklan yere, parada

anlam btnln salamak iin getirilebilecek
cmleyi bulunuz.
67. Efforts to identify a single personality profile of the
helpful person have not been very successful.
Rather, it appears that particular personality traits
and abilities dispose people to help in specific
types of situations. For instance, a study revealed
that adults with a high need for approval were more
likely to donate money to charity than those
individuals who were low in need for social
approval, but only when other people were
watching them. ----
C) So now I can speak. I was just about to get up and

go. Ive never been so badly treated before.
A) In contrast, empathy means feelings of sympathy

and caring for others, in particular, sharing
vicariously or indirectly in the suffering of others.
D) I just have to say that this isnt a panel discussion at

all. You all seem to be unaware of what it means to
discuss an issue.
B) As expected, the people in the high-empathy

condition experienced significantly greater empathy,
as reflected in self-ratings of sympathetic and
compassionate feelings.
E) Dont any of you realize that it is extremely rude not

to allow the other side to be heard?
C) Presumably, this shows that people high in a need

for approval are motivated by a desire to win praise
from others and so act in a helpful manner only
when their good deeds are likely to be noticed.
66. You have been queuing for almost ten minutes to

buy a coffee when suddenly someone pushes to the
front of the queue, so you politely but firmly say:
D) Further insights into personality and helpfulness

come from studies of individuals who regularly
donate their services for the sake of being more
helpful.
A) Excuse me, thats a really selfish, ignorant thing to

do!
E) Finally, women are more likely than men to be the

primary caregivers for the family, thus making them
appear to be more helpful and empathetic.
B) Who do you think you are pushing to the front of the

queue?
C) Have you no manners at all? What gives you the
right to push in front of others?
D) Excuse me, we are all waiting patiently, can you
please join the queue?
E) Im sorry, that kind of behaviour is totally
unacceptable. Dont do it again!
15
00000000
68. Lance Armstrong had already made one huge

comeback: Diagnosed with testicular cancer in
1996, he was given less than a 50% chance of
survival. Not only did he make it through, but he got
back on his bike, picked up his cycling career and
proceeded to win seven Tour de France titles in a
row, from 1999 to 2005. ---- But what Armstrong did
need was the support of his Astana teammates
forced to choose between the veteran Armstrong
and a young rival, Spanish star Alberto Contador.
69. It is difficult to relate skin colour directly to genetic

inheritance. Dennis Barber, a white bank manager
from Staffordshire, recently discovered that he is
the direct descendant of a black African slave who
was brought to England in the 18th century. ---- It
has been estimated that one in five white British
people has a direct black ancestor and that they
could presumably pass on their genes to the next
generation as well.
A) Despite his white appearance, Dennis carries genes
that could result in his own descendants being born
with dark features.
A) He needed to stop both smoking and drinking if he

wanted to get back to his days of glory.
B) However, Dennis father decided to settle down in

Europe and marry an English woman.
B) An ugly duel emerged and matters got worse after

an opponent went ahead of Armstrong in the Alps
and went on to win the race.
C) In fact, slavery is the primary reason why there is no

agreement about whether genes play a role in ones
skin colour.
C) Europe is the centre of a wide range of sports such

as tennis, volleyball and basketball and competition
is fierce there.
D) It is only natural that Dennis had white skin, since

there is no evidence in science linking genetics and
skin colour.
D) Cycling, however, is more commonly practised as a

hobby rather than a professional sport throughout
the world.
E) Biologists can account for the differences between

the English and the Africans that they enslaved.
E) In Europe, claims of drug use had followed the

American and he was out to prove that he didnt
need drugs for these series of successes.
16
00000000
70. Countries engage in international trade because

they benefit from doing so. ---- Thus, trade plays a
vital role in achieving such an essential task since it
frees each countrys residents from having to
consume goods in the same combination in which
the domestic economy can produce them. If the US
specialized its production but did not engage in
international trade, US residents would have large
quantities of wheat and soybeans but no coffee or
bananas.
71. - 76. sorularda, verilen ngilizce cmleye

anlamca en yakn Trke cmleyi, Trke cmleye
71. In southern regions of Iran during the fifth
millennium BC, vivid compositions that integrated
abstract and figurative elements in a well-balanced
scheme were produced in several painted-ceramic
traditions.
A) M beinci binyl boyunca, soyut ve sembolik
geleri dengeleyerek btnletiren canl eserler,
rann gney ksmlarnda deiik seramik boyama
gelenekleriyle tasarland.
A) Any country that attempted to achieve selfsufficiency by producing everything consumed

would face a difficult task.
B) We can easily see the benefits from trade along with
productive specialization at the individual level.
B) M beinci binyl boyunca, rann gney

blgelerinde, farkl seramik boyama geleneklerine
gre, soyut ve sembolik geleri belirgin bir dzen
iinde sunan eserler ortaya konuldu.
C) The gains from trade arise because it allows

countries to specialize their production by allocating
resources to their most productive uses.
C) M beinci binyl boyunca, muazzam ekilde

dengelenmi soyut ve sembolik geler ieren canl
eserler, rann gney blgelerinde, seramik boyama
geleneiyle yaratld.
D) The fact that political boundaries divide the world

into nation-states does not alter trades potential for
expanding output.
D) M beinci binyl boyunca, rann gney

blgelerinde, eitli seramik boyama gelenekleriyle,
soyut ve sembolik geleri dengeli bir ekilde
kaynatran canl eserler retildi.
E) In market-oriented economies, existing firms make

most consumption decisions besides controlling
production patterns.
E) M beinci binyl boyunca, rann gney

blgelerinde, soyut ve sembolik geleri dengeli bir
ekilde badatran canl eserler, belirli seramik
boyama gelenekleri erevesinde yaratld.
17
00000000
72. Powerful political leaders have been bitterly

complaining about the fact that what they perceive
as a display of unfair attitudes and invasions of
privacy are being carried out by opponent groups.
73. NASA has launched a new observing satellite

designed to collect more data about solar energy
and improve our understanding of how tiny
atmospheric particles called aerosols affect the
Earths climate.
A) Haksz tutumlarn sergilenmesi ve mahremiyetin

ihlali gibi konularn muhalif liderler tarafndan ortaya
atlmas gl siyasi liderleri byk lde rahatsz
etmektedir.
A) NASA, gne enerjisi ile ilgili daha fazla veri

toplamak ve aerosol ad verilen kk hava
paracklarnn dnya iklimini nasl etkiledii
hakkndaki anlaymz gelitirmek iin
tasarlanm yeni bir gzlem uydusu frlatt.
B) Gl siyasi liderler, haksz tutumlarn sergilenmesi

ve mahremiyetin ihlali olarak algladklar eylerin
muhalif gruplar tarafndan gerekletirilmesinden
iddetle yaknmaktadrlar.
B) NASA, gne enerjisi ile ilgili daha fazla veri

toplayan ve aerosol olarak bilinen kk hava
paracklarnn dnya iklimini nasl deitirdii
hakkndaki anlaymz gelitiren yeni bir gzlem
uydusu frlatt.
C) Gl siyasi liderler, muhalif olarak grdkleri

gruplarn haksz tutum sergilemesi ve mahremiyeti
ihlal etmesinden olduka ok ikyet etmektedirler.
D) Muhalif gruplarn haksz tutumlar aa vurmas ve
mahremiyeti ihlal etmesi, gl siyasi liderlerin
byk lde yaknd durumlardandr.
C) NASA, yeni bir gzlem uydusu frlatt ve bu bizim

gne enerjisi ile ilgili bilgimizi artrmak ve aeorosol
olarak bilinen kk hava paracklarnn dnya
iklimini nasl etkiledii hakkndaki anlaymz
gelitirmek iin tasarland.
E) Gl siyasi liderler, muhalif gruplar tarafndan

gerekletirildiine inandklar haksz tutumlarn
sergilenmesi dnda mahremiyetin ihlali gibi
durumlardan da iddetle yaknmaktadrlar.
D) NASA, gne enerjisi ile ilgili daha fazla veri

toplamay ve aerosol ad verilen kk hava
hakkndaki anlaymz gelitirmeyi
amalayarak yeni bir gzlem uydusu frlatt.
E) NASA, gne enerjisi ile ilgili daha fazla veri

toplamak iin tasarlanm yeni bir gzlem uydusu
frlatt ve aerosol ad verilen kk hava
hakkndaki anlaymz gelitirdi.
18
00000000
74. Kitle iletiim aralar, sadece haber sunmak ve

elence salamaktan ziyade toplumlar aydnlatmal
ve onlarn hem bireysel hem de kltrel zelliklerini
ekillendirmelidir.
75. Farkl ekonomik geliim evrelerindeki birok lke

evrensel salk gvencesine doru nemli bir
gelime kaydetmenin mmkn olduunu
gstermitir.
A) Many countries with varying economic growth rates
have recently been making significant progress
toward universal health coverage.
A) The media of mass communication should do far

more than reporting and entertaining by enlightening
the societies and defining both their cultural and
individual properties at the same time.
B) It is possible for countries at different stages of

economic development to take essential steps
toward universal health coverage.
B) Societies are constantly provided with news and

entertainment as well as being shaped in terms of
both individual and cultural properties by the media
of mass communication.
C) The goal to achieve universal health coverage by

many countries at varying stages of economic
development has only recently been shown to be
possible.
D) Many countries at varying stages of economic
development have shown that it is possible to make
substantial progress toward universal health
coverage.
C) The media of mass communication should

illuminate societies and shape both their individual
and cultural properties rather than just report news
and provide entertainment.
D) The principal function of the media of mass

communication should be to illuminate societies and
reform especially their individual and cultural
properties together with reporting news and
presenting entertainment.
E) The media of mass communication should not only

inform and shape societies based on their individual
and cultural properties but also report news and
entertain them.
E) It is also possible to see that many countries at

different stages of economic development have
made important progress toward universal health
coverage.
76. Bilgisayar program, belirli grevleri yerine getirmek

zere bilgisayar ynlendiren bir programlama
dilindeki eksiksiz yaplandrlm komutlar dizisidir.
A) It is the complete structured sequence of
instructions in a programming language that directs
a computer programme to carry out specific tasks.
B) A computer programme carries out specific tasks
through a complete structured sequence of
instructions in a programming language.
C) Both computer programmes and programming
languages are known to carry out specific tasks
according to a complete structured sequence of
instructions.
D) A computer programme, which provides a computer
with the means necessary to carry out specific
tasks, consists of a complete structured sequences
of instructions.
E) A computer programme is a complete structured
sequence of instructions in a programming
language which directs a computer to carry out
specific tasks.
19
00000000
77. - 80. sorularda, cmleler srasyla okunduunda

parann anlam btnln bozan cmleyi
bulunuz.
77. (I) The rulers in Tehran had thought that perception was
more significant than the actual security. (II) Iran is the
21st century equivalent of 1930s Russia a puzzle
wrapped in a mystery. (III) However, the Iranians have
not come across with this state coincidentally.
(IV) Rather, the Iranian government has a deliberate
policy aimed at confusing the outside world about its
goals. (V) Given that intent, it is not surprising that
Washington has had such a difficult time formulating a
successful Iran policy.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
80. (I) Apartheid is the legal and political endorsement or

institutionalization of discrimination. (II) Even though
South Africa has much to offer investors, its
government has come under attack for its foreign
policy. (III) It involves the assigning of an individual at
birth into a certain class of citizen. (IV) In the case, for
example, of the apartheid regime in South Africa, this
classification depended on skin colour and four classes
existed white, coloured, Asian, and black. (V) Indeed,
in the South African case, this distinction was made
before birth, insofar as pregnant women could only be
treated by doctors of their own skin colour.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
E) V
78. (I) In the long march of mankind from the cave to the
computer, a central role has always been played by the
idea of law. (II) Law is that element which binds the
members of the community together in their adherence
to recognized values and standards. (III) Every society,
whether it is large or small, powerful or weak, has
created for itself a framework of principles or rules
within which to develop. (IV) And what is termed
international law involves nation-states, not individual
citizens. (V) What can or cannot be done, permissible
acts, forbidden acts, have all been spelt out within the
consciousness of that community.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
79. (I) Although there are considerable cultural differences

between the various South Asian nationalities that have
come to Britain, there are certain underlying similarities.
(II) Families from rural areas in South Asia typically take
a more extended form. (III) The rebuilding of extended
family structures is vital to any community. (IV) They
include three generations in the household and are
organized through a network of males. (V) They are also
strongly bound together by ideas of brotherhood and
family loyalty.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
20
TEST BTT.
2011 KAMU PERSONEL YABANCI DL BLGS SEVYE TESPT SINAVI

(Sonbahar Dnemi)
20 KASIM 2011 PAZAR
NGLZCE TEST
1.
21.
41.
61.
2.
22.
42.
62.
3.
23.
43.
63.
4.
24.
44.
64.
5.
25.
45.
65.
6.
26.
46.
66.
7.
27.
47.
67.
8.
28.
48.
68.
9.
29.
49.
69.
10.
30.
50.
70.
11.
31.
51.
71.
12.
32.
52.
72.
13.
33.
53.
73.
14.
34.
54.
74.
15.
35.
55.
75.
16.
36.
56.
76.
17.
37.
57.
77.
18.
38.
58.
78.
19.
39.
59.
79.
20.
40.
60.
80.
2012
May
2-20052012-1-1112-1-00000000
<h-^3u
S!N@Q;{ Z+
4wDqoRO2E<cxuV
yyy9))yI9 9I)
TEMEL SORU
KTAPII
AIKLAMA
1. Bu soru kitapndaki test 80 sorudan olumaktadr.
2. Bu test iin verilen cevaplama sresi 180 dakikadr
(3 saat).

zerinden yaplacak, yanl cevaplar dikkate alnmayacaktr. Bu nedenle, her soruda size en doru grnen cevab iaretleyerek cevapsz soru brakmamanz yararnza olabilir.
3. Bu kitapktaki testte yer alan her sorunun sadece bir

doru cevab vardr. Bir soru iin birden ok cevap yeri
6. Cevaplamaya istediiniz sorudan balayabilirsiniz. Bir

soru ile ilgili cevabnz, cevap kdnda o soru iin ayrlm olan yere iaretlemeyi unutmaynz.
4. aretlediiniz bir cevab deitirmek istediinizde, silme ilemini ok iyi yapmanz gerektiini unutmaynz.
7. Snavda uyulacak dier kurallar bu kitapn arka kapanda belirtilmitir.
1. Cep telefonu ile snava girmek kesinlikle yasaktr. ar cihaz, telsiz, fotoraf makinesi vb. aralarla; cep bilgisayar, kol ya da cep saati gibi her trl bilgisayar zellii bulunan cihazlarla; silah ve benzeri tehizatla; msvedde kd, defter, kitap, szlk, szlk ilevi olan elektronik aygt, hesap cetveli, hesap makinesi, pergel, aler,
cetvel vb. aralarla snava girmek kesinlikle yasaktr. Bu aralarla snava girmi adaylarn ad mutlaka Salon Snav
Tutanana yazlacak, bu adaylarn snav geersiz saylacaktr. Snava kalem, silgi, kalemtra, saat vb. arala
ve kulaklk, kpe, bro vb. tak, herhangi bir metal eya ile girmek de kesinlikle yasaktr. Yiyecek, iecek vb.
tketim malzemeleri de snava getirilemez. Adaylar snava effaf ie ierisinde su getirebilecektir.
2. Bu snav iin verilen toplam cevaplama sresi 180 dakikadr. Snav baladktan sonra ilk 135 ve son 15 dakika iinde
adayn snavdan kmasna kesinlikle izin verilmeyecektir. Bu sreler dnda, cevaplamay snav bitmeden tamamlarsanz cevap kdnz ve soru kitapnz salon grevlilerine teslim ederek salonu terk edebilirsiniz.
3. Snav salonundan ayrlan aday, her ne sebeple olursa olsun, tekrar snava alnmayacaktr.
4. Snav sresince grevlilerle konumak, grevlilere soru sormak yasaktr. Ayn ekilde grevlilerin de adaylarla yakndan ve alak sesle konumalar ayrca adaylarn birbirinden kalem, silgi vb. eyleri istemeleri kesinlikle yasaktr.
5. Snav srasnda, grevlilerin her trl uyarlarna uymak zorundasnz. Snavnzn geerli saylmas, her eyden
nce, snav kurallarna uymanza baldr. Kurallara aykr davranta bulunanlarn ve yaplacak uyarlara uymayanlarn kimlik bilgileri Salon Snav Tutanana yazlacak ve snavlar geersiz saylacaktr.
6. Snav srasnda kopya eken, ekmeye kalkan, kopya veren, kopya ekilmesine yardm edenlerin kimlik bilgileri
Salon Snav Tutanana yazlacak ve bu adaylarn snavlar geersiz saylacaktr. Grevliler kopya ekmeye ya da
vermeye kalkanlar uyarmak zorunda deildir, sorumluluk size aittir.
Adaylarn test sorularna verdikleri cevaplarn dalmlar bilgi ilem yntemleriyle incelenecek, bu incelemelerden
elde edilen bulgular bireysel ya da toplu olarak kopya ekildiini gsterirse kopya eylemine katlan adayn/adaylarn
Snav grevlileri bir salondaki snavn, kurallara uygun biimde yaplmadn, toplu kopya giriiminde bulunulduunu raporlarnda bildirdii takdirde, SYM takdir hakkn kullanarak bu salonda snava giren tm adaylarn snavn
geersiz sayabilir.
7. Cevap kdnda doldurmanz gereken alanlar bulunmaktadr. Bu alanlar doldurunuz. Cevap kdnz bakalar
tarafndan grlmeyecek ekilde tutmanz gerekmektedir. Cevap kdna yazlacak her trl yazda ve yaplacak
btn iaretlemelerde salon grevlisinin ataca imzalar hari, kurun kalem kullanlacaktr. Snav sresi bittiinde
cevaplarn cevap kdna iaretlenmi olmas gerekir. Soru kitapna iaretlenen cevaplar geerli deildir.
8. Soru kitapnz alr almaz kapanda bulunan ilgili alanlara kimlik bilgilerinizi yaznz. Sayfalarn eksik olup olmadn, kitapkta basm hatalarnn bulunup bulunmadn ve soru kitapnn her sayfasnda basl bulunan soru
kitapk numarasnn, kitapn n kapanda basl soru kitapk numarasyla ayn olup olmadn kontrol ediniz.
Soru kitapnzn sayfas eksik ya da basm hatalysa deitirilmesi iin Salon Bakanna bavurunuz.
Size verilen soru kitapnn numarasn cevap kdnzdaki Soru Kitapk Numaras alanna yaznz ve kodlaynz.
Cevap kdnzdaki Soru kitapk numaram doru kodladm. kutucuunu iaretleyiniz.
Soru kitap zerindeki Soru Kitapk Numarasn doru kodladnz beyan eden alan imzalaynz ve
salon grevlisinin, kodlamann doru yapldn beyan eden hem soru kitapnzdaki hem de cevap
kdnzdaki ilgili alan imzaladndan emin olunuz. Salon grevlisi imzasn tkenmez kalemle atmaldr.
9. Snav sonunda soru kitapklar toplanacak ve SYMde tek tek incelenecektir. Soru kitapnn bir sayfas bile
eksik karsa snavnz geersiz saylacaktr.
10. Cevap kdna ve soru kitapna yazlmas ve iaretlenmesi gereken bilgilerde bir eksiklik ve/veya yanllk olmas
hlinde snavnzn deerlendirilmesi mmkn olamamaktadr, sorumluluk size aittir.
11. Soru kitapnn sayfalarndaki bo yerleri msvedde iin kullanabilirsiniz.
12. Sorular ve/veya bu sorulara verdiiniz cevaplar ayr bir kda yazp bu kd dar karmanz kesinlikle yasaktr.
13. Snav salonundan ayrlmadan nce, soru kitapnz ve cevap kdnz salon grevlilerine teslim etmeyi unutmaynz.
Bu testlerin her hakk sakldr. Hangi amala olursa olsun, testlerin tamamnn veya bir ksmnn Merkezimizin yazl izni olmadan kopya edilmesi,
fotorafnn ekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla oaltlmas, yaymlanmas ya da kullanlmas yasaktr. Bu yasaa uymayanlar gerekli cezai sorumluluu ve
testlerin hazrlanmasndaki mali klfeti peinen kabullenmi saylr.
Bask: METEKSAN A.. - Ankara

2012-KPDS
lkbahar/NGLZCE
NGLZCE TEST
5.

1.
Forgery is the act of making, reproducing, altering

or signing a false document or other instrument
with the ---- of defrauding others.
A) development
B) exception
C) intention
D) determination
Leaders with different political styles have launched

daring projects to take Japan out of the economic
recession, but in the long run, they may ---- colliding
with each other.
A) make out
B) give in
C) act out
D) fight off
E) end up
E) prediction
6.
2.
The sense of smell, which has not been fully

understood yet, is much more ---- than the sense of
taste.
A) attainable
B) dedicated
C) suitable
D) sophisticated
Unlike broadcast television, an interactive TV

service provider ---- customers to choose which
service to use at any given time, whether it ---shopping, watching a film or playing games.
A) has allowed / might have been
B) allows / is
C) allowed / would be
E) endurable
D) would allow / should have been

E) is allowing / was
3.
The full stop is probably the most used form of

punctuation, partly because almost everyone knows
how to use it ----.
7.
A) considerably
B) redundantly
The tradition of sculpting in clay ---- as early as AD

800, and ultimately it ---- as the point of departure
for related works that were cast in metal.
C) dominantly
D) appropriately
A) should have developed / has served

B) has developed / had served
E) profoundly
C) may have developed / served

4.
D) would have developed / will serve

The European System of Central Banks, which ---- a
single monetary policy for the euro zone, consists
of the European Central Bank in Frankfurt together
with 15 national central banks.
A) regulates
B) signifies
C) expresses
D) provokes
E) could have developed / will have served
E) acquires

2012-KPDS
lkbahar/NGLZCE
12. Some popular diet books have misled consumers
with deceptive claims; ----, they fail to provide an
assessment of the results of their treatment plans
for obesity.

8.
The degree ---- age-related wrinkling varies

considerably ---- person to person, partly due to the
amount of exposure to the sun.
A) of / from
B) for / between
C) to / among
D) about / by
A) furthermore
B) nevertheless
C) even so
D) otherwise
E) on the contrary
E) towards / with
9.
13. The social sciences are a range of disciplines within

the arts and humanities ---- principal concerns are
the study of various aspects of society.
When Sarpsborg was burned down ---- the Nordic

Seven-Year War, Frederick II gave permission for
the inhabitants to move ---- a place near the
Glomma River.
A) after / away
B) at / by
C) in / over
D) during / to
A) what
D) how
10. Crystals are created ---- cooling and crystallization

take place at an appropriate depth and with
sufficient time.
B) though
D) before
C) that
E) when
14. Generally, social media platforms can be thought of

as virtual meeting places which function to
encourage the exchange of media content among
users who are ---- producers ---- consumers.
E) through / from
A) until
B) whose
C) so
A) both / and
B) more / than
C) just / like
D) so / that
E) such / as
E) when
11. ---- schools encourage children to read printed

books more often, the library, in its traditional form,
will eventually disappear.
A) Whenever
B) Whereas
D) However
C) Since
E) Unless

2012-KPDS
lkbahar/NGLZCE
15. - 19. sorularda, aadaki parada numaralanm yerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
17.
A) so
Not long ago, Thomas Cook was examining the strange

and mysterious crop circles that had been cut into his
farm in Lincolnshire, England. His first thoughts were
that they had been created (15)---- aliens. (16)---- trying
to explore the origin of these unusual shapes, he made
a discovery that was much more down-to-earth. He
discovered a pile of Roman Empire coins in a buried
earthenware pot dating to 270 AD. He did not find
(17)---- evidence of a UFO, but he did find an amazing
archaeological site. In accordance with English
antiquities law, the coins (18)---- to the British Museum.
They were studied and catalogued in the archives and
given what is now (19)---- referred to as a full treasure
trove inquest by the museum.
B) any
C) that
D) little
E) no
18.
A) are handed over
B) would have been handed over
C) were handed over
D) could be handed over
E) had been handed over
15.
A) of
B) in
D) over
C) by
E) during
19.
A) commonly
B) relentlessly
C) dramatically
D) endlessly
E) deliberately
16.
A) Until
B) Whenever
D) Since
C) Once
E) While

2012-KPDS
lkbahar/NGLZCE
20. - 24. sorularda, aadaki parada numaralanm yerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
22.
Teacher involvement in play has been a controversial

subject for many years. A longstanding tradition
(20)---- early childhood education dictates that teachers
should not interfere in childrens play. This tradition
(21)---- the psychoanalytic view that plays main function
is to enable children to work out their inner conflicts.
(22)---- this view, the teachers role was to set the stage
for play and to observe children. The teachers could
then (23)---- monitor their play for clues about their
emotional adjustment. However, teachers were
cautioned never to interfere with childrens play
(24)---- such interference might disrupt play, inhibit
children from revealing their true feelings and reduce
plays therapeutic benefits.
A) As opposed to
B) In spite of
C) Similar to
D) In place of
E) According to
23.
A) notably
B) forcefully
C) abruptly
D) closely
E) generously
20.
A) by
B) to
D) in
C) at
E) for
24.
A) as
B) provided that
C) but
D) after
E) even if
21.
A) had originated from
B) would originate from
C) originates from
D) is to originate from
E) can originate from

2012-KPDS
lkbahar/NGLZCE
28. If they are striving to do their work ethically, ----.

A) history teachers will need to discuss the moral

implications of events with their students
25. Even if we have a lot of work, ----.

A) we have some difficulties in making our future plans
clear
B) no one can effectively teach children how people

should behave in a conflict
B) we do not usually complain about being busy
C) citizens worldviews are often related to the realities

of their daily lives
C) there are various conditions that affect our

behaviour
D) there will be aspects of human rights that underpin

society
D) we never tend to pay attention to relationships
E) how processes are described in a society is very

important
E) some details can remind us of our early experiences
29. Although plays were being written as early as 300

BC, ----.
26. ----, while the early pioneers of intelligence testing

were mostly interested in theoretical questions
about the nature of intelligence.
A) the Greek audiences view of the stage was framed

by the landscape and sky
A) IQ tests initially ignored the development of

intelligence
B) Roman theatres included large amphitheatres for

the audience which could be built into hills
B) Determining what intelligence is and how it changes

has not been easy
C) the action of the play took place on a raised stage or

pulpitum
C) Theoretical issues in intelligence testing tradition

have overshadowed practical ones
D) the first permanent theatres where they could be

staged properly were not built until much later
D) Any approach to intelligence must have confronted

the question of its structure
E) the function and proportion of theatrical elements

changed significantly
E) The pragmatic origins and uses of IQ tests have

recently been emphasized
30. A 10% increase in the cost of hospital services
would cause poorer households to cut back their
hospital care by 4.7%, ----.
27. When employees lack skill and interest, ----.
A) in spite of the fact that many developing nations

subsidize medical care by about 5%
A) performing a job well means people should also

help manage it
B) thus the difference between poor and wealthy

households is even larger
B) expecting them to lead a project successfully is

unrealistic
C) whereas the wealthy would have to do the same by

only 2.9%
C) the goal would be to increase communication in a

unit
D) because the higher price of medical care would not

affect the wealthy at all
D) unnecessary interference and distractions will cease
E) but the same pattern occurs in the demand for

medical services in poorer households
E) too much appraisal will make it tough for people to

concentrate

2012-KPDS
lkbahar/NGLZCE
31. Some firms provide special services for frequent
buyers such as encouraging repeat business with
discounts ----.
34. In general, copyright law takes the view that

computer programs are not patentable ----.
A) when an antivirus program is recommended for safe
computer use
A) because their previous experience may not be

relevant
B) if checking e-mails on a daily basis has become a

habit
B) so that making purchases from them becomes a

part of the customers routine
C) now that lengthy court battles benefit neither party
C) although this practice is similar to the process of

problem solving
D) even though some programs have simply

undergone a digital transformation
D) when consumers face a really new concept
E) unless they are genuine innovations with industrial

applications
E) as it does not confirm how long this offer will be

valid
32. Enthusiasts in some countries had been building

small rockets and thinking about space travel for
many years, ----.
A) which went on to launch the first astronauts on the
Redstone rocket in 1961
B) therefore most of this work involved building large
rockets for actual space travel
C) whereas a Russian teacher worked out many of the
principles of rocket science 50 years ago
D) but it was a team of scientists and engineers in
Germany that finally made the dream a reality
E) even though they had been fascinated by the idea of
space travel since their childhood
33. ----, London has decided to transform its poorest

neighbourhood into a display of what the Olympic
Games can mean beyond medals.
A) Since the athletes are competing to win gold, silver
and bronze medals
B) Because many people question the value of hosting
the Olympic Games
C) Whenever the idea of hosting the Olympic Games
emerges
D) Though the political support would be dependent on
being chosen to host the Olympic Games
E) If hosting international events is considered to be a
valuable experience

2012-KPDS
lkbahar/NGLZCE
cevaplaynz.
36. According to the passage, deception becomes

easier than detecting deception when ----.
Deception gains a slight edge over deception detection

when the interactions are few in number and are among
strangers. If you spend enough time with the people you
interact with, they may leak their true intent through
their behaviour. However, when interactions are
anonymous or infrequent, behavioural cues cannot be
read against a background of known behaviour, so
more general attributes must be used. Because of the
negative consequences of being detected, people are
expected to be nervous when lying. In response to
concern over appearing nervous, people may exert
control, trying to suppress behaviour, with possible side
effects detectable by the listener such as a planned,
rehearsed impression. Lying is also cognitively
demanding. You must suppress the truth and construct
a falsehood that is plausible, then tell it in a convincing
way and remember the story. Cognitive load appears to
play the biggest role. When lies are not well-rehearsed,
people have to think too hard, and this causes several
effects, including overcontrol that leads to blinking and
fidgeting less and using fewer hand gestures, longer
pauses and higher-pitched voices. Of course, if
self-deception is involved, you are less likely to give off
the normal cues of lying that others might perceive.
A) people involved do not know each other well

B) the person telling lies shows signs of nervousness
C) the listener is cognitively challenged by the
discussion
D) people in a conversation do not have common
attributes
E) the listener has a general view about the people
they are interacting with

A) deceiving people with whom you have problematic
relationships requires more effort
B) the possible negative results of being caught do not
bother people
C) establishing control over behaviours has side effects
that cannot be detected by man or machine
D) lying involves a lot of mental processing leading to
observable side effects
E) deception requires memorizing a very detailed and
elaborate lie
35. The author is of the opinion that ----.

A) anyone can become a good liar as long as a
rehearsal process is involved
38. The authors main purpose is to ----.
B) lying makes people feel relaxed if they know the lie

will not be detected
A) give practical advice to people who are required to

detect deception as part of their occupations
C) people show fewer signs of lying if they believe the

lies themselves
B) describe the nature, manifestations and mental

aspects of deception
D) lies are impossible to detect unless you know a

person well
C) present conflicting views on deception, deception

detection and self-deception
E) lying is an almost effortless process for many people
D) inform readers about the possible consequences of

lying if the lie is not planned in advance
E) present the challenges of deception as well as the
ways to overcome these challenges

2012-KPDS
lkbahar/NGLZCE
cevaplaynz.
40. It is clearly stated in the passage that ----.

A) there is no conscious control over unconditioned
reflexes
A behavioural pattern is considered to be innate when

it is essential for survival and already present at birth,
as it is predetermined by the genetic make-up of the
organism. A reflex is the simplest form of an innate
behaviour. It is a programmed reaction to an outside
stimulus that is carried out unconsciously. For example,
the eyelids close automatically as soon as a draft of air
stimulates the surface of the eye and the pupils of a cat
will contract as soon as it looks into bright light. These
are reflexes that an organism does not have to learn;
they are referred to as unconditioned reflexes. An
unconditioned reflex is always an unconscious
response, and therefore it is impossible to suppress it
at will. Such a reflex always requires a stimulus that
triggers a certain behaviour. Many unconditioned
reflexes exist in order to protect the organism, for
example coughing, nausea, or the draw back reflex of
the body part that touches a hot object. Anatomically,
a reflex is based on a chain of stimulus and reaction,
which is referred to as a reflex arc. A well-known
example is the knee jerk or patellar reflex in humans,
which is triggered by a light hit to the patellar tendon in
the knee. The knee jerk reflex is often used in medicine
to test the function of the spinal cord and associated
nerves. The real purpose of this reflex is to protect
humans from injury when tripping.
B) it is useful to suppress certain unconditioned

reflexes such as nausea
C) unconditioned reflexes are learned responses to
certain stimuli
D) the purpose of some unconditioned reflexes is
unknown
E) unconditioned reflexes are activated even when
there is no stimulus present
41. We can understand from the passage that

unconditioned reflexes are behaviours that ----.
A) can frequently be observed in animals but rarely in
humans
B) display great complexity in both humans and
animals
C) help an organism to protect itself against outside
dangers
D) are limited to organs such as the eye and the legs
E) can vary substantially among individuals in some
circumstances
39. It is understood from the passage that reflexes ----.
42. According to the passage, the knee jerk reflex is ----.
A) can cause damage to an organism if they are not

strictly controlled
A) necessary to protect an organism from a hot object
B) represent series of behaviours present only in

human-like organisms
B) a very rare reaction to a physical stimulus

C) useless in terms of helping a person to survive
C) are passed on through an organisms genetic

structure
D) used to assess certain anatomic functions
D) are learned by an organism as it struggles to survive
E) a reaction that indicates a severe spinal cord injury
E) are difficult to differentiate from voluntary

movements

2012-KPDS
lkbahar/NGLZCE
cevaplaynz.
44. According to the passage, the primary challenge of

measuring domestic tourism is that ----.
Relatively few people enjoy the opportunity to travel to

other countries. By far the most common form of travel
is that by residents of a country within that country.
International travel, although given high priority by
segments of the populations of industrialized nations,
is still a minority activity. As a very rough guide, we
estimate that expenditure worldwide on domestic
tourism may be worth up to ten times that amount on
international tourism. Ironically, there are relatively
few countries that collect domestic travel and tourism
statistics, while much more information is available on
international tourism. Why is this? First of all,
international travel involves, by definition, the crossing
of a frontier. It is therefore easier to observe and
monitor. Domestic tourism involves movement internally
and is therefore more difficult to research. Countries
that only make use of registration forms at hotels miss
out on all aspects of domestic tourism that involve
staying in other accommodation establishments or with
friends or relatives. A number of countries do not even
try to measure domestic tourism due to its very nature.
For example, in many developing countries, very little
domestic movement involves staying in paid
accommodation, and so it does not compete with
demand from international visitors.
A) there is competition among countries to attract

tourists
B) most people travelling within their own countries
cannot afford to stay in hotels
C) people do not necessarily stay in hotels when
travelling in their own countries
D) the numbers involved are insignificant to track
accurately
E) expenditure statistics are very difficult to collect from
suppliers of tourism services

A) international tourism statistics are not always based
on reliable data
B) if there were no border crossings, international
tourism statistics would be less comprehensive
C) surveys given to foreign tourists are a useful way of
collecting information on international tourism
D) domestic tourism in developing countries will
continue to increase
E) developing countries are beginning to place more
importance on domestic tourism
43. It is directly stated in the passage that ----.

46. We can understand from the passage that ----.
A) according to statistics, people spend much of their

income on international tourism
A) people from developed countries prefer to travel to

developing countries
B) spending on international tourism is about one tenth

of the amount spent on domestic tourism
B) some developing countries think it is too costly to

measure domestic tourism
C) the measurement of domestic tourism demand

covers similar areas to that of international demand
C) only developed countries have the necessary

resources to measure domestic tourism efficiently
D) domestic and national travel surveys are based on

knowledge of the resident population
D) it is not worthwhile to produce statistics on domestic

tourism in some countries
E) many countries promote themselves strongly to their

own residents as holiday destinations
E) international tourism is becoming a high priority for

people in developing countries

2012-KPDS
lkbahar/NGLZCE
cevaplaynz.
During the 1990s, the country that was viewed by
American leaders and many others in the West as the
most important challenge for a transition to democracy
was Russia. The Clinton administration emphasized
that one of its high priorities in foreign policy was the
success of the movement to democracy and a market
economy in the states of the former Soviet Union, in
particular Russia. A senior official asserted that helping
the Russian people to build a free society and market
economy is the greatest strategic challenge of our
time, and that Russia was the single most important
foreign policy priority of the Clinton administration.
Russia was by far the largest of the former republics of
the Soviet Union in both population and land area. In
addition, its geographical location gave it influence on
issues in several regions in which the US was
interested, and it had greater strategic military capability
than any other country except the US. On a deeper
level, Russia represented what remained of the former
geopolitical and ideological rival of the US. If the state
that had been the core of the superpower which was
considered to be the main adversary of the US and of
democracy could, within a relatively short time, be
changed into an ideological soul mate of the US, the
symbolic implications would be profound.
48. It is clearly stated in the passage that in the last

decade of the 20th century, ----.
A) a market economy model was successfully adopted
by the emerging states of the former Soviet Union
B) American and European leaders were disappointed
by Russias reluctance to adopt democracy
C) US and European leaders were expecting a
comfortable transition to democracy in Russia
D) the authoritarian regimes were replaced in the
states of the former Soviet Union
E) the US interest in Russia partly stemmed from
Russias strategic geographical location

A) a free society and market economy could reverse
the socio-economic problems in the former Soviet
states
B) the newly-emerging states of the former Soviet
Union were forced to adopt democracy to compete
with the US
C) a democratic Russia with a strategic military
capability could pose threats to American interests
D) the US was not in a position to ignore the political
developments taking place in its former adversary
47. According to the passage, the Clinton

administration ----.
E) the greatest strategic challenge for the US was to

contain the extensive influence of Russia in Central
Asia
A) considered Russias transition to democracy and a

market economy very important
B) was convinced that Russias attempts at
democratization and developing a market economy
would ultimately fail
50. It is implied in the passage that ----.

A) a free society and market economy developed in
Russia without much intervention
C) thought that the institutionalization of democracy

would be welcomed by the Russians
B) Russia wanted to achieve democratization without

the guidance of the West
D) realized that Russias distinctive historical

background and geographical boundaries limited
the success of future democracy
C) Russias transition to democracy would please the

US
D) the Clinton administration negatively influenced
Russias democratization process
E) warned the Russian leaders against moving away

from the traditional market economy
E) Russia is no longer considered an important force in

geographical terms
10

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cevaplaynz.
Species diversity provides the foundation for individual
ecosystems and thus is the prerequisite for the
functioning of the biosphere. It is an immeasurable
source of food and medicinal products, and an
irreplaceable resource as a gene pool. Due to the
increasing destruction and pollution of natural habitats,
over-fishing and hunting, humans are destroying the
biological multitude of life, and with that, the basis of
their own well-being. The public is concerned when a
well-known species like the tiger, whale, or mountain
gorilla becomes endangered; however, the majority of
other cases are hardly ever noticed by the public. Apart
from the decline of species diversity within habitats, loss
of genetic diversity within individual species has also
been observed. The destruction of individual
populations leads to a reduction in genetic regeneration
capacity within a species. For instance, selective
deforestation reduces the quality of the genetic material
of affected tree species, since only strong, healthy trees
are logged and the weaker ones are left behind.
Humankinds intentional or unintentional introduction of
exotic animal and plant species to new habitats plays
an important role as well. These so-called neozic
species can become a threat to local species and lead
to their complete extinction. For instance, the flightless
Kiwi bird in New Zealand is threatened with extinction
by introduced rats and feral cats.

A) biological diversity is a luxury when people are in
need of food and medical products
B) hunting and fishing, unlike other environmentally
harmful activities, are necessary for human survival
C) most cases of biological destruction remain
unknown to the public
D) the public should be more concerned about the
possible loss of species like the tiger
E) biological diversity is more important for some
individual ecosystems than others
53. One can understand from the passage that

biological destruction ----.
A) affects those who make the wilderness a basis for
their livelihoods
B) comes about mostly from natural catastrophes
rather than human activity
C) is most common in temperate areas such as New
Zealand, which includes many species
D) helps local species to reproduce and multiply
E) impacts the capacity of a species to produce
genetically healthy offspring
51. It can be inferred from the passage that the

destruction of species ----.
54. As it is clearly stated in the passage, the Kiwi bird

----.
A) is a process that can lead to disaster for mankinds

future prospects
A) was introduced into New Zealand along with animals

such as rats and feral cats
B) can help man search for better living conditions
B) has become a symbol for conservation throughout

New Zealand
C) is a part of the natural cycle of life and death on

Earth
C) has never been able to adapt to the harsh

environment of New Zealand
D) is a necessity in terms of the well-being of the planet

and mankind
D) is under threat because of other animals that were

introduced into its habitat
E) has been exaggerated and a more balanced view

needs to be taken
E) is a prime example of what is called a neozic

species
11

2012-KPDS
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55. Richard:
Ive tried really hard to enjoy black and white
movies, yet I still dont see what people find in
them.
56. Dave:
What can you tell me about camping in Australias
Walkabout Park? It says here that you are
surrounded by 180 different species of animals.
Isnt that dangerous?
Travel Agent:
Not at all. The animals are quite used to people,
and at night you sleep in special animal-proof
tents.
Stacy:
---Richard:
Do you mean that people should watch a movie
for what it is and not for how it is seen to the eye?
Dave:
----
Stacy:
Yes, thats exactly what I mean.
Travel Agent:
Oh, theres a lot to do. There are evening
barbecues, and during the day you can visit
ancient Aboriginal sites.
A) Its obvious that current technology has contributed

a lot to the visual quality of movies.
A) So apart from the animals, what else is special

about the park?
B) I suppose its more about the content of the movie

than the way it is presented to the audience.
B) Maybe that isnt such a good idea. My wife is afraid

of animals.
C) Sounds interesting. When is the best time to visit?
C) High definition movies are so realistic that it feels as

if you were actually taking part in the movie.
D) What about showers and cooking facilities? My wife

is fussy about things like that.
D) But its the harmony of different colours in movies

that make them seem more appealing.
E) Wed actually prefer to visit an area that offers more

shopping and dining possibilities.
E) I dont pay much attention to when a movie was

produced, but it is the cast that usually captivates
me.
12

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57. Steve:
How come this new employee gets a raise in
salary and I dont?
David:
He might be new, but hes already outperformed
you in every area. Thats why.
58. Jane:
A study Ive recently read about claims that 65%
of mothers and 70% of fathers exhibited a
preference for one of their children. Youve got
two. Which one is your favourite?
Anna:
I dont have a favourite child! And I dont think any
parent could say they have a favourite.
Steve:
OK! What am I supposed to do to get a raise,
then?
Jane:
----
David:
----
Anna:
Thats ridiculous! Dont believe everything you
read in magazines.
A) I promise youll get a promotion if you keep up the

good work.
A) But do you treat your older child differently than your

younger one?
B) He only received a small raise last month.

C) Employees are expected to work very hard.
B) I suppose youre right. Ive got only one daughter, so

I cant really say.
D) You may lack the necessary skills, but you put a lot
of effort into your work.
C) So youre saying that you love your son more than

your daughter. Any reason why?
E) Well, work as hard as he does and then you might

get one too.
D) Youre doing exactly what the study claims. Youre

refusing to admit you favour one child over the
other.
E) What about you? I suppose you have a favourite
child. Is it your son or your daughter?
13

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59. There has never been a better time to be a virus
researcher, thanks in part to inexpensive genetic
sequencing that allows scientists to rapidly isolate
disease-causing microorganisms.
61. While the country is prepared for rapid development,

the President knows that no amount of economic
growth can ever compensate for the degradation of
the countrys natural resources and rich biodiversity.
A) Because of the exhaustion of the countrys natural
resources and rich biodiversity, the President was
uncertain whether to continue or halt the rapid
development of the country.
A) It is the best time for virus researchers as they now

have cheap techniques such as genetic sequencing
that helps them quickly recognize disease-causing
microorganisms.
B) Since the country is about to develop quickly, the

President is ready to make use of the countrys
natural resources and abundant biodiversity and he
will compensate the people for their loss.
B) Partly because of cheap genetic sequencing

techniques which enable scientists to separate
disease-causing microorganisms quickly, it is now a
perfect time to be a virus researcher.
C) The President thinks that no economic growth can

substitute for the loss of the countrys natural
resources because rapid development would mean
that the destruction of the country is finishing them off.
C) Thanks to cheap genetic sequencing, virus

researchers have never had a better opportunity to
distinguish between disease-causing
microorganisms.
D) Although the country seems ready to develop, the

President is aware that no economic growth could
make up for the deterioration of the countrys natural
resources and abundant biodiversity.
D) Inexpensive genetic sequencing, which makes it

possible for scientists to quickly separate
microorganisms into classes, has made the lives of
virus researchers easy.
E) The country is ready for rapid development; however,

the government does not realize that abundant
resources and biodiversity could be lost as a result of
this economic growth.
E) Due to innovative genetic sequencing, virus

researchers are now having a great time partly
because they can easily distinguish disease-causing
microorganisms.
60. The Amazon Rainforest is famous for its

breathtaking diversity of plants along with its
considerable number of animal species.
A) The Amazon Rainforest is widely known for the
existence of wonderful plants rather than the
incredible animal species found there.
B) It is well known that the Amazon Rainforest contains
a high quantity of plants together with an increasing
number of animal species.
C) The Amazon Rainforest is notable to many with its
large collection of plants and animal species that
cannot be found anywhere else.
D) Besides having plenty of animal species, the
Amazon Rainforest is home to a great number of
marvellous plants.
E) In addition to an abundant number of animal
species, the Amazon Rainforest is known for its
stunning variety of plants.
14

2012-KPDS
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62. Not only the general populace, but also those who
work in the field of economics find it difficult to
understand the differences and the relationships
between theory and practice.
A) The general population, including those working in
the field of economics, can understand the theory,
but cannot grasp the practice of economics.
64. You have an appointment to see a doctor and you

have been waiting in the reception area for about an
hour. It is clear that the doctor has been very busy,
as the waiting area has been very full, but now you
are the only one still waiting. You go to the
receptionist and say politely: ---A) Do you have any idea when this crowd of people will
clear up? Its starting to get depressing.
B) Understanding the differences and the relationships

between theory and practice in economics is
challenging for those who do not specialize in
economics.
B) Ive been waiting for an hour to see the doctor. Will I

have to wait much longer?
C) Clearly the doctor doesnt want to see me today.
This has been a complete waste of time.
C) Both the general public and the people working in

the area of economics fail to fully comprehend how
theory and practice differ from and relate to each
other.
D) I dont see anyone else waiting. Ill go in and see the

doctor now.
E) I dont think I will be able to come to my appointment
next week. Sorry about that.
D) Ordinary people have difficulty in understanding the

theory and practice of economics but the people
working in the field can see them clearly.
E) Specialists understand the differences between
theory and practice in the field of economics
because they can see how they affect the general
populace.
65. You are at a meeting and you are giving a

presentation on a project you have been working
on. Several people have entered the meeting late
and you have had to start over three times already,
when another colleague enters the room and asks
you to start from the beginning. You dont want to
start again. So you firmly say: ---A) It is normal for people to be late on Mondays.

B) I guess its my duty to start again if Im told to do so.
63. Contrary to your agreement with your mechanic,

he fails to inform you of the possible cost for the
repair of the car. Upon learning the very high bill,
you say: ----
C) Im sorry, Im going to continue anyway.

D) I guess I can do it one more time, but were falling
behind schedule.
A) Thats a huge amount of money. You should have

called me before doing the work.
E) I would like to thank everyone for being so alert.
B) Im not prepared to pay such a huge bill because

you didnt tell me before that you only accept cash.
C) Im sorry, but I wont pay a cent of this bill, because I
could have repaired it myself.
D) You should have left a message when you called
and told me what work needed to be done.
E) Will it be repaired soon? I really need to use the car.
15

2012-KPDS
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66. You and your friend are worried about her newborn
babys constantly changing behaviour. Because
your friend works, she relies on different carers
while she is at work. You feel that the babys
problems are due to the frequently changing
caregivers. So you say to your friend: ---A) I really think you ought to consult a paediatrician as
soon as possible because your choice of babysitter
is quite an important decision.
B) Why dont you wait a little? I think everything will be
fine in a few months time and then you can get a
new caregiver.

cmleyi bulunuz.
67. Logic as an academic discipline was invented by
Aristotle and is concerned with argument, validity,
proof, definition and consistency. Undoubtedly,
even before formal logic was recognized, people
were reasoning in consistent and logical ways.
---- During the Middle Ages, Arabic and European
cultures also contributed to the field. During the
nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there were
numerous developments in mathematical logic.
A) Aristotle taught many subjects including syllogism,
an argument in the form of two premises and a
conclusion.
C) You know, all babies can go through difficult times,

but yours is rather different. I guess you should stop
working.
B) To introduce formal logic to students, it is useful to

explain that logic examines how arguments are
constructed.
D) Have you ever considered that there may be too

many people taking care of the baby? Maybe this is
part of the problem.
C) Therefore, Aristotle, the Father of Logic, referred to

inductive logic as a passage from individuals to
universals.
E) I think the caregivers must reach an agreement on

the reasons for the babys behaviour.
D) There are several kinds of logic, the most common

of which are deductive and inductive logic.
E) Nevertheless, Aristotle was the first philosopher to
identify and formalize rules for this branch of
philosophy.
16

2012-KPDS
lkbahar/NGLZCE
68. Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and
smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease.
---- Previous studies have linked exposure to
environmental pollution to an increased risk of
heart problems, but the two analyses now show that
poor air quality can lead to a heart attack or stroke
within as little as a few hours after exposure.
Scientists found that people exposed to high levels
of pollutants were up to 5% more likely to suffer a
heart attack within days of exposure than those
with lower exposure.
A) This can be reduced, however, if you exercise
outside in the fresh air.
69. Four hundred years after he was born, the 17th

century Ottoman traveller Evliya elebi is making a
long-overdue international comeback. Explorer,
peace broker, tax collector, war chronicler and
mystic, Evliya spent 40 years travelling in the Middle
East. His 10-volume Seyahatname is an epic
travelogue that provides a fascinating account of
everyday life in the 17th century. ---- UNESCO
decreed him Man of the Year in 2011 and the recent
publication of An Ottoman Traveller allows
English-language readers to discover his
masterpiece.
A) Though previously little known outside of Turkey,
Evliya is finally going global.
B) Heart disease is reversible if the underlying disease

can be treated.
B) You can still feel the joy of Evliyas journey across

Turkeys vast and unspoiled countryside.
C) This work was also appreciated by foreigners,
particularly English speakers.
C) But there is another factor that can trigger heart

problems more immediately.
D) Evliya loved eating and wrote in detail of the

regional specialties he sampled.
D) The risks are relatively low for people who smoke

socially and have lower cholesterol levels.
E) One can trace the early stages of Evliyas journey

from Istanbul to Mecca.
E) Strict regulation of pollutants may not only improve

air quality but could also become necessary to
protect public health.
70. Living in a country with the worlds highest murder
rate, Hondurans have grown grimly accustomed to
untimely deaths. ---- A fire in a prison in Comayagua
may have been the worlds deadliest prison fire
ever. Rescue crews said they had no way to save
the prisoners, because they could not find the
guards with the keys to release the inmates from
the overcrowded prison.
A) Therefore, the national prison director has admitted
the system is failing and needs a lot of investment.
B) The cause of the disaster has not been determined,
but officials suggest it might have been a protesting
inmate setting his mattress alight.
C) Yet even they were shocked on February 15th to
hear reports of a further cruel consequence of the
countrys high crime rate.
D) However, the scale of the tragedy became clear
when the Honduran President called it a day of
deep pain.
E) Honduran inmates suffered from malnutrition, poor
sanitation and insufficient medical care, and they
had access to weapons.
17

2012-KPDS
lkbahar/NGLZCE
71. - 76. sorularda, verilen ngilizce cmleye anlamca en yakn Trke cmleyi, Trke cmleye
71. The real measure of the level of justice in any
society is how it treats its minorities, who are
generally its most vulnerable citizens.
73. While the US and the European Union have enacted

legislation designed to prevent the importation of
products obtained from endangered plants and
animals, this legislation has had little impact in the
Third World Countries that are home to many of
these species.
A) Adaletle ilgili kilit nokta, toplumun en korunmasz

vatandalarndan olan aznlklara genellikle nasl
davranlddr.
A) ABD ve Avrupa Birlii, soyu tkenmekte olan bitki ve

hayvanlardan elde edilen rnlerin ithalatn
nlemek iin bir yasa tasarlanmasn ve bu trlerin
ounun ana vatan olan nc Dnya lkelerinde
de bu yasann yrrle girmesini salamtr.
B) Herhangi bir toplumda adalet dzeyinin gerek

ls, o toplumun genellikle en korunmasz
vatandalar olan aznlklara nasl davranddr.
C) Toplumun en korunmasz vatandalar olan
aznlklara nasl davranld, herhangi bir toplumun
adalet dzeyinin genellikle gerek lsdr.
B) ABD ve Avrupa Birlii, soyu tkenmekte olan bitki ve

durdurmak iin bir yasa tasars hazrlam ancak bu
yasa, birok trn ana vatan olan nc Dnya
lkelerinde etkili olamamtr.
D) En korunmasz vatandalar olan aznlklara nasl

davranld, sz konusu toplumun adalet dzeyinin
kilit noktasdr.
E) Bir toplumun adalet dzeyi, genellikle o toplumda en
korunmasz vatandalar olan aznlklara davran
ekliyle llebilir.
C) ABD ve Avrupa Birlii, soyu tkenmekte olan bitki ve

hayvan trlerini korumak iin tasarlanan bir yasay
yrrle koyarken, bu trlerin ounun ana vatan
olan nc Dnya lkelerinde tam tersine, bitki ve
hayvanlardan elde edilen rnlerin ithalatnda art
grlmtr.
72. Unless international cooperation is ensured to ban

the non-essential uses of some chemicals, the
depletion of the ozone layer will continue to pose a
serious threat to human health.
D) ABD ve Avrupa Birlii, soyu tkenmekte olan bitki ve

nleyecek yasay hazrlam ancak birok trn ana
vatan olan nc Dnya lkelerinde bu yasay
yrrle koyamamtr.
A) Baz kimyasallarn gereksiz kullanmlarn

engellemek iin uluslararas bir ortaklk kurulsa bile
ozon tabakasnn incelmesi, insan saln byk
lde tehdit etmeye devam edecektir.
E) ABD ve Avrupa Birlii, soyu tkenmekte olan bitki ve

nlemek iin tasarlanan yasay yrrle koymasna
ramen, bu trlerin ounun ana vatan olan
nc Dnya lkelerinde bu yasann etkisi az
olmutur.
B) Ozon tabakasnn incelmesi insan sal iin byk

bir tehlike oluturmaktadr, nk birtakm
kimyasallarn kullanmlarn yasaklayacak
uluslararas i birlii henz salanamamtr.
C) Baz kimyasallarn gereksiz kullanmlarn
yasaklamak iin uluslararas i birlii salanmazsa
ozon tabakasnn incelmesi, insan sal iin ciddi
bir tehdit oluturmaya devam edecektir.
D) Ozon tabakasnn incelmesi insan saln byk
lde tehlikeye att iin baz kimyasallarn
gereksiz kullanmlar uluslararas i birlii
salanarak yasaklanmaldr.
E) eitli kimyasallarn gereksiz kullanmlarn
azaltmak iin uluslararas i birlii salanmad
srece ozon tabakasnn incelmesi, insan sal
iin nemli bir tehdit oluturmay srdrecektir.
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2012-KPDS
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74. nsan Haklar Szlemesi, Avrupa Konseyine ye
devletlerin, demokratik bir toplumda herkesin yaama hakknn temel bir deer olduuna inanmalarnn
en somut ifadesidir.
76. Be Kuzey lkesi; kadnlarn i gcne, erkeklerin

de ailelerine katlmn destekleyen politikalar
yoluyla hem ite hem de evde daha iyi bir i
blmne sahip olmay mmkn klmtr.
A) The Treaty of Human Rights is the Council of

Europes profound belief that member states and
democratic societies have basic human rights and
principles.
A) Five Nordic countries have made it possible to have

a better division of labour both at work and at home
through policies that encourage the participation of
women in the labour force and men in their families.
B) The Treaty of Human Rights is the most concrete

expression by the member states of the Council of
Europe of their profound belief that everyones right
to life is a basic value in a democratic society.
B) Five Nordic countries had a better division of labour

of women at home and men at work by amendments
of different laws to encourage the participation of
both men and women in the labour force.
C) The Council of Europes member states profoundly

believe that the Treaty of Human Rights is the most
concrete expression of the basic principle in
democratic societies that everyone has a right to life.
C) All women and men in five Nordic countries

demanded new laws that encourage radical
changes in their roles within their families, and the
governments have made this possible.
D) The Council of Europes member states and the

Treaty of Human Rights state that everyones right
to life is a basic principle and a concrete expression
in a democratic society.
D) Five Nordic countries have changed the roles of

women and men in society by developing policies to
encourage them to participate in the labour force.
E) The Treaty of Human Rights expresses the Council

of Europes member states profound belief that
concrete expression and everyones right to life are
basic principles in a democratic society.
E) Through policies, five Nordic countries have a better

division of labour at work and at home provided that
all family members participate in the labour force.
75. Ayn arlkta bir elma ve patates karlatrldnda; patates, kan ekeri zerinde belirgin bir ekilde
daha fazla etkilidir ki bu, onun daha imanlatc
olduunun dnlmesi gerektiini gsterir.
A) A potato is considered to be more fattening because
it has a greater effect on blood sugar when
compared to an apple.
B) When we are given an apple and a potato of the
same weight, the potato will have an effect on blood
sugar so it is considered to be more fattening.
77. - 80. sorularda, cmleler srasyla okunduunda parann anlam btnln bozan cmleyi bulunuz.
77. (I) The name Daphne comes from the Greek, laurel bay
tree, which is a small evergreen tree with shiny leaves.
(II) In Greek mythology, Daphne is the goddess of music
and poetry. (III) According to the legend, she was
approached by Apollo, but she refused to respond to his
love. (IV) As she fled from his embrace, she was saved
by the earth goddesses who transformed her into a tree.
(V) Therefore, the name has been common only in this
century.
A) I
C) If we compare an apple and a potato of the same

weight, only the potato will affect our blood sugar
and we will therefore put on more weight.
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
D) An apple and a potato of the same weight have a

great effect on blood sugar but only the potato will
fatten people.
E) When an apple and a potato of the same weight are
compared, the potato will have a significantly
greater effect on blood sugar, which shows that it
should be considered more fattening.
19

2012-KPDS
lkbahar/NGLZCE
78. (I) When you find a good source of pastured meat, you
will want to buy it in quantity and store it for future use.
(II) Animals are fed a high energy diet of grain to make
them grow quickly. (III) Deep freezers are surprisingly
inexpensive to buy and to operate, because they are
not opened nearly as often as the one in your
refrigerator. (IV) A freezer will also enable you to buy
produce in bulk at the height of its season, when it will
be most abundant and therefore cheap. (V) Also,
freezing does not significantly diminish the nutritional
value of the product.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
79. (I) Galileo attempted to measure the speed of light by

trying to measure the time required for light to travel a
known distance between two hilltops. (II) Galileo
stationed an assistant on one hilltop, and himself on
another, and ordered the assistant to lift the cover from
a lamp the instant he saw a flash from Galileos lamp.
(III) When the persons head moved to one side, a
different bundle of rays would enter the eye from each
point. (IV) The time was so short that he concluded it
merely represented human reaction time, and that the
speed of light must be extremely high. (V) Galileo
measured the time between the flash of his lamp and
when he received the light from his assistants lamp.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
80. (I) In May, 2011, Rupert Murdoch flew to London

for a meeting with his top newspaper executives.
(II) Afterwards, he arranged a dinner to work out
how to handle the phone-hacking scandal that
had been hanging over the newspaper for months.
(III) A lawsuit filed by actress Sienna Miller charged
that a senior editor in the News of the World was
behind a campaign to hack into her phone. (IV) When
it was time to sit down for the meal, everyone took
assigned positions, with Murdoch sitting in the middle.
(V) The claim sparked a police investigation, producing
disclosures about repeated incidents of phone-hacking
by the News of the World journalists.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
20
20 MAYIS 2012
KAMU PERSONEL YABANCI DL BLGS SEVYE TESPT SINAVI (KPDS)
NGLZCE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C
D
D
A
E
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
C
D
B
C
B
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B
C
A
D
E
46. D
47. A
48. E
49. D
50. C
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
E
A
B
A
C
51. A
52. C
53. E
54. D
55. B
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
E
B
C
A
D
56. A
57. E
58. D
59. B
60. E
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
C
E
D
A
B
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
E
B
A
D
C
66. D
67. E
68. C
69. A
70. C
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
B
D
B
E
C
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
A
D
B
C
A
76. A
77. E
78. B
79. C
80. D
D
C
A
B
C
B
C
E
B
E
2012
November
3-18112012-2-1112-1-00000000
<h-^3u
S!PWG?Z+
1wNHX\Z0c%HuV
yi9i 9Y9yiiYY9)
TEMEL SORU
KTAPII
AIKLAMA
(3 saat).

zerinden yaplacak, yanl cevaplar dikkate alnmayacaktr. Bu nedenle, her soruda size en doru grnen cevab iaretleyerek cevapsz soru brakmamanz yararnza olabilir.



2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
NGLZCE TEST
Bu testte 80 soru vardr.
5.

1.
The basic unit of currency of the Ottoman Empire

was the silver ake in which all the revenues and ---of the state were calculated.
A) precautions
B) conventions
D) placements
A) set up
C) expenditures
B) inferior
D) devastating
C) get through
E) take over
E) establishments
A new historical record offers ---- evidence that

Africans and their descendants contributed
enormously to the formation of Mexican culture.
A) frustrating
B) leave off
D) hand in
6.
2.
Companies must utilize key capabilities wherever

they exist, including direct investment to ---operations in locations where rare opportunities can
be developed.
In some cases, we ---- sufficient data on old events,

not because of a lack of imagination but because
the appropriate technology ---- available at the time.
A) would not have / is not
C) redundant
B) should not have / had not been

C) did not have / has not been
E) compelling
D) do not have / was not

E) could not have / will not be
3.
Scientists have developed a new blood test for

Alzheimers disease that can ---- identify 93% of
people who have the condition.
A) severely
B) accurately
7.
C) separately
New York City ---- the first US ban on large-size

sodas and other sugary drinks ---- in restaurants.
A) is approving / having been sold
D) abusively
E) incidentally
B) approved / to be sold
C) was approving / having sold
D) approves / to have been sold
4.
E) has approved / being sold
Phobias are intense, irrational fears which cannot

be ---- even when the sufferer is aware, as is usually
the case, that there is no reason for the fear.
A) spoilt
B) undergone
D) initiated
C) foreseen
E) overcome

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
- 14. sorularda, cmlede bo braklan yerlere
8.
8.
Losing weight is not only ---- anticipating swimsuit

season or squeezing into skinny jeans, but it also
means fighting a serious illness ---- the obese.
A) by / against
B) in / within
D) beyond / upon
9.
12. ---- the news is out about tomatoes being found for
their cancer-fighting properties, the question is how
to get sufficient amounts every day.
A) Much as
D) Just as
C) about / for
B) At / of
D) On / through
B) Only if
D) In case
E) Even if
13. On a sunny day, some patches of ground warm up

more quickly than others ---- the differences in
topography.
A) similar to
B) on behalf of
D) because of
C) To / for
C) as well as
E) apart from
E) About / in
14. One of the challenging decisions that hospitals are
to make when purchasing a technology-based
system is ---- they want to focus more on the doctor
---- the patient.
10. ---- philosophers had started to put received wisdom

to the test of rational examination, another
fundamental question rapidly became obvious:
How can we know?
A) Once
C) Now that
E) at / towards
---- the 47th anniversary of Winston Churchills

death, historians are reassessing the complex figure
who carried Britain ---- its darkest times.
A) From / with
B) While
A) neither / nor
B) whether / or
D) as well / as
C) Unless
C) rather / than
E) both / and
E) While
11. A symphony is like a castle with its own grand

structure, ---- a short song will have a different and
less complex form more like a cottage.
A) before
B) if
D) whether
C) although
E) whereas

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
15. - 19. sorularda, aadaki parada
numaralanm
yerlere uygun den szck ya da
ifadeyi bulunuz.
17.
A) substituted
Dogs are thought to be easier to train than cats, but this

may be because they evolved to hunt in packs,
cooperate with other dogs and be obedient (15)---- a
leader. Their memory requires constant reinforcement,
(16)---- they quickly forget. Nonetheless, they are often
(17)---- simply by giving them the attention they need. On
the contrary, cats evolved to hunt solo and are much
more devious. In some cases, they (18)---- but do not
have the dogs desire to please. There is some
evidence that cats remember specific events longer
than dogs do, but (19)---- their excellent memory for
people and spaces, both species are able to build
complex mental maps of their surroundings and find
their way home.
B) perplexed
D) concealed
C) rewarded
E) implemented
18.
A) used to be trained
B) can be trained
C) might have been trained
D) must be trained
E) should have been trained
15.
A) to
B) by
D) about
C) with
E) over
19.
A) in comparison with
B) instead of
C) despite
D) rather than
E) thanks to
16.
A) so
B) but
D) otherwise
C) instead
E) hence

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
numaralanm
yerlere uygun den szck ya da
ifadeyi bulunuz.
22.
A) towards
Across Africa, experts estimate that more than 30% of

malaria and tuberculosis medicines are fake. So over
700,000 people die every year (20)---- taking those
counterfeit drugs. It is a menace that (21)---- urgently,
and it is why an initiative by a Ghana-based network is
indispensible (22)---- the health of millions of Africans.
But do not mention it to the Ghana Food & Drugs Board.
They are (23)---- not interested. They did not even
bother to answer why they are not involved in the new
anti-counterfeit campaign, (24)---- this network has
committed itself to tackling the issue of fake medicines
by empowering consumers to get involved in
authenticating pharmaceutical products before use.
B) for
D) with
C) into
E) upon
23.
A) plainly
B) accidentally
D) delightfully
C) favourably
E) moderately
20.
A) regardless of
B) in place of
C) in terms of
D) as a result of
24.
A) as if
E) in spite of
B) when
D) so that
C) even though
E) because
21.
A) was to be defeated
B) may be defeated
C) would be defeated
D) can be defeated
E) has to be defeated

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
- 34. sorularda, verilen cmleyi uygun ekilde
25.
27. As the population of Asias wild tigers has declined

over the years, ----.
A) the improved health of Thailands forests suggests
that the tiger population could continue to grow
25. ----, while in sailing ships the wind has been an

essential source of power for even longer.
A) Windmills have been used for at least 3,000 years,
mainly for grinding grain or pumping water
B) it is known that global alarm for the species first

sounded in 1969 following a peak in the tiger skin
trade
B) In Germany, scientists have constructed a new wind

turbine that generates a great amount of electricity
C) they are also regarded as powerful swimmers and

can supplement their diets with marine life
C) Wind power has come to fall into disuse with the

advent of cheap fossil-fuelled engines
D) There is now a reappraisal of wind energy because
of the dramatic increases in crude oil prices
D) these legendary animals have become a thing of the

fable as much as reality
E) Lately, there has been widespread interest in using

wind energy for remote dwellings
E) they are not picky about their food and environment

like pandas
26. In addition to the normal problems of working out a

satisfactory marital relationship, ----.
28. Though a stronger global recovery would ease some
of the pain in recruitment, ----.
A) the expansion of a family could happen in a variety

of ways, including having a child and the moving in
of a relative
A) some governments will introduce extensive

programs focusing on young people
B) people now seem to prefer getting married at a later

age when compared to the past
B) labour experts believe the problem of youth

unemployment demands special attention
C) most relationships are exchanges of valued

resources and involve an analysis of costs and
benefits
C) the gap between the skilled and unskilled workforce

has been filled with in-service training
D) those who graduate from universities have now more
difficulty in finding a job than in the past
D) couples from different cultures may have to cope

with social discrimination and isolation
E) the employment of young people is said to overcome

recession in developed nations
E) more needs to be done for parents who are unable

to meet the educational needs of their children
29. ----, because it is driven uniquely by its financial

returns.
A) Conventional tourism management lacks adequate
market assessment
B) Tourism is, after all, a social activity that many
people enjoy
C) A tourism development plan is important for a city to
manage visitors
D) The implementation stage in tourism development
includes plan objectives and public concerns
E) Tourism planning usually fails to take environmental
and social impacts into account

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
30. ----, why dont we all have serious trouble with our
body image?
33. Statements made in the media can plant distortions

in the minds of millions, ----.
A) Provided that a deficit plays the leading role in the

development of anorexia
A) while the news often has an implicit bias that may

portray opinions in misleading ways
B) If various biological and environmental factors come

together to create a problem in the body
B) although people attribute some misconceptions to a

predetermined campaign of certain authorities
C) Given that each of us is extensively exposed to

images of presumably perfect bodies
C) instead they are most likely the result of common

types of reasoning errors
D) When our body image and functioning go hand in

hand in a healthy manner
D) but learning to recognize commonly used fallacies

will help you separate fact from fiction
E) Now that a sportswoman can become overly

concerned with her deformed body shape
E) and TV shows should be supplied with both

educational and entertaining characteristics
31. You can still make it your own and increase your
chances of achieving it ----.
34. Colours, sounds and smells are always present in

the material world but are meaningless to us ----.
A) even if your goal has stemmed from an external

motivation
A) although separate analyses of art and mind lead to a

misunderstanding of each
B) in case forming a new habit requires choosing

between the pleasant and familiar
B) yet the things we cannot perceive with our five

senses are called abstract notions
C) once you have found the reason for giving up an

unsatisfying job
C) so we have specific knowledge of the brain as

reflected by neurological principles
D) unless you look for an activity that will help you

tackle challenges more enthusiastically
D) whether we are just beginning to understand these

natural processes
E) after you stop trying to make an important change in

your lifestyle
E) unless they first activate our senses and are then

represented as cognitive events
32. ----, they are often exposed to indoor pollution.

A) Because people can be affected to a great extent by
a citys infrastructure
B) Though the majority of factories use fuel especially
for the production process
C) If facilities for health care are a concern in all
countries across the world
D) When cars are used more frequently than public
transportation
E) Since poor households are more dependent on solid
fuel for heating and cooking

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
35.
- 38. sorular aadaki paraya gre
cevaplaynz.
36. As it is clearly stated in the passage, the shekel ----.

A) was transformed into Britains contemporary pound
For hundreds of thousands of years, human civilizations

tended to barter for goods, trading shells and precious
stones for food and other important commodities. For
the first evidence of money as currency, we need to go
back 5,000 years to where modern-day Iraq now sits, to
find the shekel. Though this was the first form of
currency, it was not money as we know and understand
it today. It actually represented a certain weight of
barley, a kind of plant, equivalent to gold or silver.
Eventually, the shekel became a coin currency in its
own right. In much the same way, Britains currency is
called the pound, because it was originally equivalent
to a pound of silver. The ancient Greeks and Romans
used gold and silver coins as currency, with the Latin
denarius ultimately giving birth to dinar in various
countries including Jordan and Algeria, and providing
the d that served as an abbreviation for the British
penny before decimalization in 1971. It also gives us the
word for money in Spanish and Portuguese dinero
and dinhero. The first ever banknotes were issued in
7th-century China, though it took another 1,000 years
before the idea of paper money was adopted in Europe,
by Swedens Stockholms Banco in 1661.
B) was equivalent to the idea of money as we accept it

today
C) was invented 5,000 years ago in what is now Iraq
D) first came to be used in place of silver coins
E) precedes the use of shells and stones for bartering
37. According to the passage, the introduction of

banknotes ----.
A) immediately stopped the use of gold as currency
B) in China was welcomed by Europeans
C) came long before the circulation of gold and silver
coins
D) into Europe took about a thousand years
E) gave rise to the development of the banking system
in Europe
35. According to the passage, the earliest form of

exchanging goods ----.
A) did not involve any form of currency
B) was confined to trading precious shells and stones
38. One can understand from the passage that ----.
C) led to the development of commodities
A) the amount of time needed to develop currencies

was a lot longer than anticipated
D) first appeared in some parts of the Middle East

E) paved the way for people to become civilized
B) the development of currency as a means of

exchanging goods and services owes a lot to many
nations of the world
C) were it not for the European countries, todays
exchange methods could not have developed
D) the Iraqi and Chinese contribution to the currency
development is relatively less important
E) every nation today conceptualizes currency matters
differently and thus uses different terms to name
currency

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
39.
cevaplaynz.
40. It is pointed out in the passage that ----.

A) Tissint was one of the meteorites that were actually
seen while falling
British scientists have begun studying a rare meteorite

to reveal more about the history of Mars. The rock,
named Tissint after the Moroccan area where it
crashed in July 2011, was recovered from the ground
just five months later not enough time to be too
contaminated. The Tissint sample is probably the most
important meteorite to have landed on the Earth in the
last 100 years, says Dr. Caroline Smith, curator of
meteorites at the Natural History Museum in London. An
analysis of the rock revealed its Martian origin. It would
have been removed from Mars when an asteroid struck
the planet, staying in space as debris before being
attracted by the Earths gravity. Of the 41,000 officially
recognized meteorites, 61 come from Mars and the
Tissint rock is only the fifth that was witnessed falling.
Dr. Tony Irving of Washington University, who
performed some initial analysis on the sample, does not
think there is much chance of finding fossilized life
within it. But the British team could reveal whether
minerals have been affected by water or contain
elements such as carbon. Smith says Were not looking
for microbes, but were looking for the chemical and
environmental signatures to indicate whether Mars, at
some point in its past, may have provided a suitable
environment for life to exist.
B) the Natural History Museum took possession of the

meteorite as soon as it landed on the Earth
C) other meteorites that preceded Tissint were quite
similar to it in size
D) there is some doubt as to where the meteorite came
from
E) the meteorite is one of the 41,000 that originated
from Mars
41. According to the passage, scientists ----.

A) believe there may well be fossils in the rock
B) are examining the meteorite to reveal whether
microbes could survive in it
C) are investigating the rock to find out whether Mars
was once able to support life
D) claim that Tissint gives clues about the meteorites
expected to hit the Earth
E) have unfortunately failed to identify the origin of
Tissint
39. It is understood from the passage that the meteorite

found in Morocco ----.
42. For scientists to come up with accurate findings, a

meteorite ----.
A) was part of a larger meteorite that crashed into the

Earth
A) is to be one of the 41,000 known meteorites
B) is the first meteorite from Mars to be seen on the

Earth
B) has to be made sure that it come from a specific

planet
C) was recovered after remaining buried for almost 100

years
C) should contain plenty of living organisms
D) was too contaminated to be of any real use to

scientists
D) needs to remain intact for a sufficient amount of time
E) is a very rare kind, which can be valuable to

scientists
E) is required to have basic minerals in its internal

structure

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
43.
cevaplaynz.
44. It is stated in the passage that computer games ----.

A) enhance the feeling of loneliness if they involve
more than one player all the time
While playing computer games is sometimes seen as a

solitary pursuit, a study at Brigham Young University
shows that it actually enhances social connections.
Studying the effect of multiplayer online games on
marriages, researchers found that in the 76% of the
cases where the couple played together, games actually
aided the relationship. In other words, couples that
gamed together stayed together. Games may have
other effects on us too. The famous psychologist, Philip
Zimbardo, recently spoke out on the subject. In his 1971
Stanford Prison Experiment, in which volunteers were
randomly assigned the roles of prisoner or guard, he
showed that human behaviour is heavily influenced by
environmental and social pressures. More recently,
Zimbardo even suggested that exposing children to
morally ambiguous situations in games could be useful
in helping them develop their own moral compass. One
possibility is to explore virtual worlds through computer
games that could enable people to experience and
understand concepts that they would otherwise find
difficult to imagine. Games about society, populated by
real people and open to all, could help test how different
cultural backgrounds could be brought together in
peace.
B) provide opportunities for people to meet

unaccustomed ideas and worlds
C) lead to role conflicts among those who come from
different cultural backgrounds
D) contributes little to strengthening the relationships of
married couples
E) may include harmful features that trigger aggressive
behaviour among children
45. According to the passage, Zimbardo believes that

----.
A) computer games may actually help young people
make more conscious decisions on moral issues
B) his experiment refutes the findings of the study
conducted at Brigham Young University
C) having children face ambiguous situations in
computer games can cause psychological problems
D) computer games populated by real people may not
present the actual state of a society
E) environmental pressures are greater on those who
play computer games
43. The authors attitude towards computer games is

----.
A) satirizing
B) disrespectful
D) pessimistic
C) favouring
46. One can infer from the passage that ----.
E) tolerant
A) computer games are destructive to the relationships

of younger people
B) the risks associated with playing computer games
outweigh the benefits
C) we have reached the limits of what can be achieved
with computer games
D) computer games are capable of bringing in several
unexpected benefits
E) social pressures force people to avoid playing
computer games

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
47.
cevaplaynz.
Although many community newspapers are justifiably
proud of their hard-hitting local editorials, perhaps half of
all community papers carry no editorials at all.
Publishers who refuse to editorialize often claim that
editorial harassing is resented in small communities.
Others are fearful of alienating readers and advertisers.
Still others say they do not have enough time to develop
polished, well-researched editorials on a regular basis.
Many publishers are leaders in the commercial and
political lives of their towns, and are so much a part of
the local power structure that their editorials would not
be persuasive anyway. Those who editorialize assert
that editorials and opinion columns give identity to their
newspapers and leadership to their communities.
Indeed, some of the most inspired writing the US has
produced the Crisis essays of Tom Paine, the
Federalist Papers explaining and defending the
Constitution, the stirring commentary of William Allen
White of Kansas first saw the light of day as editorial
or column material in a community newspaper.
Courageous hometown editors regularly win Pulitzer
Prizes and other professional honours for crusading
editorials on local issues.
48. According to the passage, by having editorials in

their community newspapers, publishers ----.
A) wish to reach larger numbers of readers nationwide
B) attempt to gain greater prestige in their community
C) try to draw the attention of political figures in the
local community
D) tend to spread their political views through their
newspapers
E) aim to give a particular quality to their newspapers
49. The author of the passage ----.

A) inclines not to agree with certain publishers
B) is himself an editor of a community newspaper
C) believes politics should play little role in editorials
D) provides a balanced view on the inclusion of
editorials
E) underestimates the advantages of editorials
47. It is stated in the passage that some community

newspapers prefer not to have editorials because
----.
A) they think that they can increase their prices without
editorials
B) publishers are afraid they could lose readers and

advertisers
A) there could be times when supposedly unimportant

editorial could have widespread influence over a
nation
C) they believe that the communities are too large to be

affected by editorials
D) editorials increase the cost of publishing the
newspapers
B) some famous essays were in fact distorted forms of

the editorials published in the community
newspapers
E) it is difficult for publishers to find people who can

write polished, well-researched editorials
C) there is ample evidence that community newspapers

were much more influential in the past
D) publishers have felt all along the political pressure to
include editorials to promote community issues
E) abusing editorials to promote advertising in
community newspapers backfired
10

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
51.
cevaplaynz.
Innovation is not a synonym for invention an invention
has to be taken to the market to be regarded as
innovation. Innovation must change the way people do
something. In an essay on creativity, Teresa Amabile
and others describe innovation as the successful
implementation of creative ideas within an organization.
Creativity, which includes invention, is only the starting
point for innovation, which is a necessary but not
sufficient condition for it. As Amabile implies, the
business of innovation needs to be managed all the way
from the creative inspiration through to a launchable
product or service. Innovation is not restricted to
products and services. It might be internal to the
business, in the form of new and more effective
organizational structures or processes. It could be a
new way of marketing or distribution, like online grocery
deliveries. By todays thinking, innovation can also be in
the form of a significant improvement to an existing
commodity. When you build a better product, not
necessarily a revolutionary one, the whole world will
want to buy it. A lot of small types of innovation like this
are more akin to continuous improvement, which makes
up 85-90% of the average corporate development
portfolio.

A) small innovations fail to account for a great portion
of a companys turnover
B) corporate development portfolios owe their
improvement to creating only revolutionary products
C) a new marketing or distribution strategy like online
shopping can hardly be an example of innovation
D) an innovation can both be an improvement in a
product and a completely new product
E) the survival of a business is closely tied to its
flexibility to adjust to online marketing
53. It can be understood from the passage that the

author ----.
A) informs the reader of the consequences when a
corporate suffers from a lack of activity, invention
and innovation
B) sets out to clear up the misunderstanding between
some terms and to point out the importance of small
advances
C) successfully explains why commercial organizations
have to come to a correct interpretation of
manufacturing terminology
D) warns that if the current state of production
processes prevails, the desire to innovate may be
lost
E) criticizes the existing management practices, which
will eventually disregard lots of small innovations
51. It is clearly stated in the passage that for Amabile,

----.
A) for a company to be managed successfully, it
requires new ways of organizing the workforce and
processes
54. One can conclude from the passage that ----.
B) innovation has to be carefully monitored from the

starting point to the end product for a company to be
profitable
A) terms like invention, innovation and creativity need

to be clearly defined and described before they can
be applied productively
C) the scope of innovation is so broad that its

application can involve a wide range of goods and
processes
B) so long as companies and inventors interpret the

concept of innovation rightly, they would eventually
make huge profits
D) placing restrictions on the range of the uses of

innovation for certain products and services may
damage the inventive spirit
C) innovation not only eases the practical difficulties of

life but also comprises a considerable amount of
revenues
E) a creative inspiration that is adequately turned into a

marketable product or service is a sign of the
companys future prospects
D) the idea of innovation is so complex that it can

hardly be applied to simple procedures like online
shopping
E) for many a person, for a new product to be
innovative, it does not have to involve a creative
input
11

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
55.
- 58. sorularda, karlkl konumann bo
bulunuz.
55. Ouz:
What a relief, Ive finally submitted my PhD thesis!
I can officially have the Dr. title now.
56. Bahar:
Instead of simply looking at the posters of
astronauts, children are now playing with toy
models of the International Space Station.
Erdem:
So what? Isnt that obvious?
Arda:
Great! Will that grant you any advantages in your
workplace?
Bahar:
----
Ouz:
----
Erdem:
What difference does it make, anyway?
Arda:
That shouldnt be a cause of concern for you, as
you can always get around that social problem.
Bahar:
You can interact with them, and get familiar with
space concepts.
A) Im so exhausted, and I dont want to hear anything

related to academic works.
A) Toy models of space stations are recently made of

plastic material.
B) My chances of getting a promotion there are slim to

none; why have I wasted so much time!
B) Unfortunately, space expeditions have slowed down

in recent years.
C) The title itself wont do much, but Ill definitely feel

more motivated.
C) Interestingly, children nowadays tend to be more

creative.
D) Since Ive achieved what Ive wanted, I shouldnt be

concerned about any of that paperwork.
D) Our childhood was much simpler and we were

happier.
E) Plenty, but Im worried about the jealousy my

colleagues will have.
E) Well, we could only dream of such educational toys

when we were young.
12

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
57. Lecturer:
As the division of labour has become more
specialized, it is no longer possible for skills to be
passed down within the family.
58. pek:
What do you think about the Human Brain
Project?
Handan:
----
Student:
What could be the consequences of such a thing
in modern life?
pek:
Youre right. Scientists want to build a completely
simulated human brain, but what about the
obligations to the mind that has been created?
Lecturer:
For one thing, it has increased the importance of
education in all societies to a great extent.
Handan:
Yes, imagine a scenario where a brain has been
created that has memories and is really humanlike, but then the scientists decide to switch it off.
Student:
---Lecturer:
Absolutely!
A) I agree that its a unique opportunity for us to learn

how the brain really works.
A) Then, youre implying that this should signal the end

of centuries of adopting parents professions.
B) I think it has taken scientists far too long to come up

with this idea.
C) I dont really know enough about it. But Im sure
there must be some serious ethical considerations.
B) That explains why some social norms had to be

internalized in society along with a number of other
rules.
D) Im not very certain, as I havent read much about it.

Whats your opinion?
C) In line with that, individualism gained popularity over

collectivism, and self-centrism was promoted by the
media.
E) Id really like to know more about it before I say

anything about the morality of the issue.
D) But, we should be dealing with the equality of

opportunity that the current educational system
provides.
E) As a matter of fact, the distinction between the
educated and uneducated is far greater than was
thought.

59. Disparities in wealth are less visible in Americans
everyday lives today than they were a century ago.
A) A hundred years ago, it was not easy to see the
differences between the wealthy and the poor in
America in terms of their daily lives.
B) Everyday life in America is very different today from
what it was a century ago, because people are much
wealthier now.
C) The differences in the way that wealthy American
people lived a hundred years ago were more
obvious than the current ones.
D) In American daily life today, you cant see such big
differences in the distribution of wealth as you could
a hundred years ago.
E) The everyday lives of most Americans show
disparities in wealth which were not seen a century
ago.
13

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
of us think we elect our leaders regarding their
60. Most
politics, but new research shows that it might
actually be the candidates faces that matter most.
A) Most of our feelings about our leaders come from
judgements based on their faces, but current
research suggests that it is their political views that
usually affect us.
62. In 2005, the European Council adopted a directive

aimed at facilitating the obtaining of a scientific
visa, which would encourage foreign researchers
into Europe.
A) Europe opened up to foreign research in 2005 when
a new law was introduced to help people get a visa
more quickly.
B) 2005 was the year that the European Council
obtained a number of scientific visas to allow foreign
researchers to work in Europe.
B) Many will agree about the fact that we consider our

political views while electing them; however, new
research reveals that their faces have a strong
impact on our decisions.
C) Foreign researchers who wanted to come to Europe

were finally given visas in 2005 by the European
Council.
C) Whereas recent research states that we can make

assessments with respect to our leaders faces,
most people are of the opinion that leaders should
be elected just based on their political views.
D) The directive that was passed by the European

Council in 2005 allowed scientists to work in Europe
without getting a visa.
D) According to the latest research, some people elect

their leaders with reference to their politics, while
others do the same with regard to what feelings their
faces may evoke.
E) The European Council wanted to attract foreign

researchers to Europe, and so in 2005, it made it
easier for people to get a scientific visa.
E) Contrary to what most recent research suggests,

people tend to elect their leaders according to their
political views rather than what they think about their
faces.
61. The major drawbacks for the Indian economy had

mainly been due to the lack of electricity, but these
problems are now being solved.
A) The problems related to the Indian economy have
now been solved thanks to the increased supply of
electricity.
63. After several months of seeking a position as a

computer engineer, youve recently been accepted
by a big international company. In your second week
at work, you start thinking that it doesnt live up to
its reputation. When asked by a relative whether you
would consider working there for a long time, you
say: ---A) Im open to new opportunities, as I couldnt find what
I was looking for in this company.
B) The development of the Indian economy had

focused principally on providing electricity, but this is
no longer the case.
B) Well, its very easy for me to find a job as a

computer engineer, so I just dont let it bother me.
C) In the past, it was mainly a shortage of electricity

that hindered the Indian economy, but this is now
being addressed.
C) Were talking about one of the worlds biggest

companies, why would I want to leave such a place?
D) Ive heard some rumours about this company, but I
think they are all lies.
D) Previously, the Indian economy had suffered

because of the high cost of electricity, yet this has
been solved.
E) The promotion possibilities in the company might be

poor, yet Im determined to work my way up.
E) There was a need to improve the Indian economy by

reducing its dependence on the provision of
electricity, a problem not yet solved.
14

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
child comes home disappointed with the result
64. Your
of an important exam. Upon noticing, you comfort
her and say in a supporting tone: ---A) You know you should have prepared better for such
an important exam.
66. Your new classmate promises to visit you at the

weekend, but she doesnt turn up. Next time you see
her at school, you want to let her know about your
feelings without offending her: ---A) Youd better come up with a reasonable excuse for
not coming to visit me.
B) No need to be discouraged! Youll make up for it

next time.
B) Dont tell me that you forgot your appointment with

me.
C) Youre going to have to follow a much stricter study

plan from now on.
C) I waited for you at home all weekend, and it was so

rude of you to let me down.
D) I see how frustrated you are for the following

exam.
D) To tell you the truth, I wasnt expecting you to keep

your promise.
E) In fact, my hopes were very high from a student like

you.
65. You are looking for a history book in a store, but

when you approach the shelves related to history,
you see some books on psychology. Realizing that
books have been misplaced, you turn to the
salesperson and say sarcastically: ---A) Itd be better if you placed the history books in the
identified shelf.
B) You might like to know that some of your customers
have left psychology books in the history section.
E) I wish youd called me before to say you couldnt

come; I was a bit upset.

cmleyi bulunuz.
67. No independent African state has a chance to follow
an independent course of economic development.
---- This situation will not change unless they have a
unified policy working at the continental level. The
first step towards a cohesive economy would be a
unified monetary zone, with an agreed common
parity for all African countries.
A) The common defence system in the African Union
ensures stability and security throughout the
continent.
C) Could you please direct me to the shelves where

history books are placed?
B) They can begin to ascertain whether in reality they

are the richest.
D) The staff should be paid extra, because you seem to

have spent lots of time classifying the books.
C) The hour of history that brought Africans to this

assembly is a revolutionary hour.
E) Ive been trying to find books on history for half an

hour, but all I can find are books on psychological
issues.
D) Many of the countries that have tried this have been

almost ruined.
E) Communities and families trade with and support
one another successfully across the boundaries.
15

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
entertainment spending, which includes DVD
68. Home
sales and film rentals, has been falling since hitting
a peak in 2004, but it remains an important part of a
films revenue. According to some information
services, the death of that market is somewhat
overblown. The DVD market peaked much earlier
than studios would have liked, but the overall
viewing of the video at home continues at the same
rate as ever. It is a much more mixed market
between DVD, video streaming and rental services.
---- For example, DVD sales of the movie Avatar
totalled $600 million, and another $57 million was
spent on renting the movie.
69. In our modern world, celebrities may serve an

important social function. In a highly mobile,
industrial society, celebrities may be the only friends
we have in common with our new neighbours and
co-workers. They provide a common interest and
topic of conversation between people who
otherwise might not have much to say to one
another, and they facilitate the types of informal
interaction that help people become comfortable in
new surroundings. ---A) Teenagers in particular seem to be prone to learning
how to dress, manage relationships, and be socially
successful by tuning into popular culture.
A) A studio will typically take 40% of DVD sales and

rentals, and that can generate some healthy sums.
B) Research published in 2007 reveals that young

people even look to celebrities for learning life
strategies to help them cope with difficulties.
B) A big name actor can expect an up-front payment,

so $10-$20 million would not be unusual.
C) Hence, keeping up with the lives of actors, politicians

and athletes can make a person more socially adept
during interactions with strangers.
C) Popping a DVD into the TV set at home is no

substitute for seeing a film in a cinema.
D) On the contrary, the intense familiarity with

celebrities provided by the media initiates the same
gossip mechanisms for in-group members.
D) What makes movies popular in a short time is the

cast they have rather than DVDs that are available
soon after release.
E) Adopting the role of the self-righteous soul who

refuses to participate in gossip at work or in other
areas of your social life will be self-defeating.
E) A producer can be thought of as the chief executive

of the film who shepherds it from the script page to
the premiere.
16

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
70. For years, researchers have been trying to figure out
the best ways of making plants produce biofuels.
But there is a fundamental problem: photosynthesis,
the process by which plants convert sunlight into
stored chemical energy, is highly inefficient. Plants
turn only 1-3% of sunlight into carbohydrates. ---However, plants have many advantages. They
absorb carbon dioxide at low concentrations
directly from the atmosphere, and each plant cell
can repair itself when damaged.

71. Genetics sprang up with the discovery by Mendel
that observable hereditary characteristics are
determined by factors which are invariable and
transmitted from one generation to the next.
A) Genetik biliminin ortaya kmasn salayan etken;
Mendelin, gzlemlenebilir kaltsal zelliklerin
deimeyen ve nesilden nesile aktarlan faktrler
tarafndan belirlendiini kefetmesiydi.
A) Biofuels are gaining increased public and scientific

attention, driven by factors such as high oil prices.
B) Genetik bilimi; Mendelin, gzlemlenebilir kaltsal

zelliklerin deimeyen ve nesilden nesile aktarlan
faktrler tarafndan belirlendiini kefetmesiyle
filizlendi.
B) That is one reason why so much land has to be

devoted to growing plants to produce biofuel.
C) Genetik bilimi; Mendelin, deimeyen ve nesilden

nesile aktarlan faktrleri gzlemlenebilir kaltsal
zelliklerle aklamasyla ortaya kt.
C) In 2010, worldwide biofuel production reached 100

billion litres, and biofuels provided 3% of the worlds
fuel for road transport.
D) Mendelin gzlemlenebilir kaltsal faktrlerin nesilden

nesile aktarldn kefetmesiyle genetik bilimindeki
deimeyen zellikler ortaya kt.
D) In the future, scientists might create a black plant

that would absorb all incoming sunlight.
E) A government project is aimed at cultivating
fast-growing grasses to produce vegetable oil for the
first time in history.
E) Mendel, gzlemlenebilir kaltsal zelliklerin

deimeyen ve nesilden nesile aktarlan faktrler
tarafndan belirlendiini kefetti ve bylelikle genetik
bilimi filizlendi.
17

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
weather was cold and wet, but it could not deter
72. The
thousands of people from gathering by the River
Thames to watch the 1,000-boat parade designed to
celebrate Queen Elizabeths 60th year on the throne.
73. Perhaps the major reason why people do not

exercise is that they generally associate it with
sweat-soaked clothes and physical exhaustion.
A) nsanlarn egzersiz yapmaktan kanmalarnn
balca sebebi, egzersizi genellikle tere bulanm
kyafetler ve fiziksel yorgunluk olarak alglamalardr.
A) Hava souk ve yalyd ancak bu, Kralie

Elizabethin tahttaki 60. yln kutlamak iin
dzenlenen 1000 botluk geit trenini izlemek zere
binlerce kiiyi Thames Nehrinin kysnda
toplanmaktan caydramad.
B) nsanlarn egzersiz yapamamalarnn balca sebebi

belki de egzersizi, tere bulanm kyafetler ve fiziksel
yorgunlukla badatrmalardr.
B) Hava, souk ve yal olmasna ramen Kralie

dzenlenen 1000 botluk geit trenini izlemek
isteyen binlerce kiiyi Thames Nehrinin kysnda
toplanmaktan vazgeiremedi.
C) Belki de insanlarn egzersiz yapmamalarnn en

nemli nedeni, egzersizi ounlukla tere bulanm
kyafetler ve fiziksel yorgunluk olarak grmeleridir.
D) Belki de insanlarn egzersiz yapmamalarnn
ardndaki neden, egzersizin genelde tere bulanm
kyafetler ve fiziksel yorgunlukla ilikilendirilmesidir.
C) Hava souk ve yalyd fakat Thames Nehrinin

kysnda toplanan binlerce kii buna aldr etmeden
Kralie Elizabethin tahttaki 60. yln kutlamak iin
dzenlenen 1000 botluk geit trenini izlemeye
devam etti.
E) Belki de insanlarn egzersiz yapmamalarnn balca

nedeni, egzersizi genellikle tere bulanm kyafetler
ve fiziksel yorgunlukla ilikilendirmeleridir.
D) Hava souk ve yalyd ancak Kralie Elizabethin

tahttaki 60. yln kutlamak iin dzenlenen 1000
botluk geit trenini izlemeye gelen binlerce kiiyi
Thames Nehrinin kysnda toplanmaktan
vazgeirecek kadar caydrc deildi.
E) Hava souk ve yalyd ama yine de Kralie

dzenlenen 1000 botluk geit trenini izlemek zere
binlerce kiiyi Thames Nehrinin kysnda
toplanmaktan alkoyamad.
18

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
74. Uzmanlar;
100 yl ierisinde su kaynaklarnn
ktlaacan, iklim deiikliinin gezegeni geri
dn olmayan bir ekilde deitireceini ve
yaam alanlarnn sonsuza dek kaybolacan tahmin
ediyorlar.
76. zellikle ekonominin 2010da % 9,3lk bir byme

kaydetmesinden bu yana, Filistindeki yabanc
yatrm ciddi art gstermektedir.
A) Especially after the economy recorded a substantial
growth rate of 9,3% in 2010, serious foreign
investment has grown in Palestine.
A) What experts predict is that within 100 years, climate

change will affect the planet in such a way that it will
be impossible to save water resources and habitats,
and they will be gone forever.
B) With the Palestinian economy recording a growth

rate of 9,3% in 2010, the direct foreign investment
has grown substantially.
B) According to the predictions made by experts, water

resources will become scarce, climate change will
alter our planet in an irreversible way, and habitats
will be lost for good in 100 years.
C) Foreign investment in Palestine has been growing

substantially, especially since the economy recorded
a growth rate of 9,3% in 2010.
D) As of 2010 when the economy recorded a
substantial growth rate of 9,3%, foreign investment
in Palestine has seriously grown.
C) It has been predicted by experts for 100 years that

water reserves are likely to be lost along with
habitats if climate change alters the planet
irreversibly.
E) Especially following a record growth rate of 9,3% in

2010, foreign investment in Palestine has seen
substantial increases.
D) Experts predict that within 100 years, water

resources will become scarce, climate change will
irreversibly alter the planet, and habitats will be lost
forever.
E) Experts predict that water resources have been
scarce for about 100 years, and climate change will
make the situation irreversible, destroying habitats.
75. inizde ne kadar iyi olursanz olun, ar i yknden

dolay baz hatalar yapmanz muhtemeldir.
A) Simply because of heavy workload, you are going to
make some errors in a job you are good at.
B) Irrespective of what you do at work, you will probably
make some errors due to heavy workload.
77. - 80. sorularda, cmleler srasyla

okunduunda parann anlam btnln bozan
cmleyi bulunuz.
77. (I) Do sinking ships suck nearby objects down with
them? (II) In the early 20th century, this was held to be
the case, and the advice for lifeboats launched from a
sinking ship was to row hard away to avoid being pulled
down with it. (III) This may have contributed to the loss
of life on the Titanic, as only 13 survivors were pulled
from the water. (IV) However, some survivors report
struggling against a powerful suction, while others claim
to have been able to step off the sinking ship without
their head even going under. (V) Two surveying ships
with the help of the US Navy made the discovery of the
wreck, which required a huge amount of equipment.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
C) It does not matter how well you do your job, you will
possibly be forced to make some errors as a result
of heavy workload.
D) In spite of the fact that you do your job satisfactorily,
making some errors because of heavy workload is
inevitable.
E) No matter how good you are at your job, it is likely
that you are going to make some errors because of
heavy workload.
19

2012-KPDS
Sonbahar/NGLZCE
78. (I) Perhaps

more than any profession, science places a
premium on being correct, but mistakes can push
scientific understanding forward. (II) Acknowledging
mistakes in scientific studies may not often be key to
advancement. (III) Historians have unearthed many
instances in which an incorrect idea proved far more
potent than thousands of others that were widely
accepted. (IV) Moreover, errors that touch on deep
features of the world can be more valuable in the long
run than narrowly correct ideas. (V) Niels Bohr, for
example, created a model of the atom that was wrong in
nearly every way, but it inspired the
quantum-mechanical revolution.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
80. (I) The London Games were a barrier breaker for female
athletes. (II) London distinguished itself as the first
Olympics in which all countries sent teams of both
genders. (III) Of course, there were breathtaking events
during the Games, but the failure of the well-known
American female swimmers was a bit of a fiasco.
(IV) Even countries such as Qatar, Brunei and Saudi
Arabia, which have long abstained from sending female
athletes, competed in sports from swimming to judo.
(V) At the opening ceremony, the International Olympic
Committee president noted that For the first time in
Olympic history, all the participating teams will have
female athletes.
A) I
E) V
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
79. (I) Las Vegas enjoys an average of more than 300 days
of sunshine each year, which makes it quite appealing
to visitors. (II) One of Americas most modern cities, Las
Vegas did not exist before the 20th century. (III) Initially a
simple resting area for desert travellers, many people
say it was only after Bugsy Siegel built the Flamingo
Hotel in 1946 that the town shed its frontier image in
favour of ultra-modern neon. (IV) Since then, Las
Vegass growth has centred around its image as the
worlds busiest tourist destination. (V) More than 40
million people come to Las Vegas each year, lured by
its attractions such as extravagant stage productions
and massive casinos.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
20
TEST BTT.

1. Cep telefonu
ile snava girmek kesinlikle yasaktr. ar cihaz, telsiz, fotoraf makinesi vb. aralarla; cep bilgi
sayar, kol ya da cep saati gibi her trl bilgisayar zellii bulunan cihazlarla; silah ve benzeri tehizatla; msvedde kd, defter, kitap, szlk, szlk ilevi olan elektronik aygt, hesap cetveli, hesap makinesi, pergel, aler,
5. Snav srasnda, grevlilerin her trl uyarsna uymak zorundasnz. Snavnzn geerli saylmas, her eyden nce,
snav kurallarna uymanza baldr. Kurallara aykr davranta bulunanlarn ve yaplacak uyarlara uymayanlarn
kimlik bilgileri Salon Snav Tutanana yazlacak ve snavlar geersiz saylacaktr.
Salon Snav Tutanana yazlacak ve bu adaylarn snavlar geersiz saylacaktr. Grevliler kopya ekmeye ya da
vermeye kalkanlar uyarmak zorunda deildir, sorumluluk size aittir.
Adaylarn test sorularna verdikleri cevaplarn dalmlar bilgi ilem yntemleriyle incelenecek, bu incelemelerden
elde edilen bulgular bireysel ya da toplu olarak kopya ekildiini gsterirse kopya eylemine katlan adayn/adaylarn
Snav grevlileri bir salondaki snavn, kurallara uygun biimde yaplmadn, toplu kopya giriiminde bulunulduunu raporlarnda bildirdii takdirde, SYM takdir hakkn kullanarak bu salonda snava giren tm adaylarn snavn
geersiz sayabilir.
btn iaretlemelerde salon grevlisinin ataca imzalar hari, kurun kalem kullanlacaktr. Snav sresi bittiinde
cevaplarn cevap kdna iaretlenmi olmas gerekir. Soru kitapna iaretlenen cevaplar geerli deildir.
8. Soru kitapnz alr almaz kapanda bulunan ilgili alanlara kimlik bilgilerinizi yaznz. Sayfalarn eksik olup olmadn, kitapkta basm hatalarnn bulunup bulunmadn ve soru kitapnn her sayfasnda basl bulunan soru
kitapk numarasnn, kitapn n kapanda basl soru kitapk numarasyla ayn olup olmadn kontrol ediniz.
Soru kitapnzn sayfas eksik ya da basm hatalysa deitirilmesi iin salon bakanna bavurunuz.
Size verilen soru kitapnn numarasn cevap kdnzdaki Soru Kitapk Numaras alanna yaznz ve
kodlaynz. Cevap kdnzdaki Soru kitapk numaram doru kodladm. kutucuunu iaretleyiniz.
Soru kitap zerinde yer alan Soru Kitapk Numarasn doru kodladnz beyan eden alan imzalaynz
ve salon grevlisinin, kodlamann doru yapldn beyan eden hem soru kitapnzdaki hem de cevap
kdnzdaki ilgili alan imzaladndan emin olunuz. Salon grevlisi imzasn tkenmez kalemle ve siz kodlamay yaptktan sonra atmaldr.
9. Snav sonunda soru kitapklar toplanacak ve SYMde tek tek incelenecektir. Soru kitapnn bir sayfas bile
eksik karsa snavnz geersiz saylacaktr.
10. Cevap kdna ve soru kitapna yazlmas ve iaretlenmesi gereken bilgilerde bir eksiklik ve/veya yanllk olmas
hlinde snavnzn deerlendirilmesi mmkn olamamaktadr, sorumluluk size aittir.
13. Snav salonundan ayrlmadan nce, soru kitapnz ve cevap kdnz salon grevlilerine teslim etmeyi unutmaynz.
Bask: METEKSAN A.. - Ankara
CEVAP ANAHTARI
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C
E
B
E
A
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
E
B
A
C
A
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
C
D
C
B
A
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
C
E
A
B
D
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
D
E
C
D
A
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
D
D
B
E
C
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
D
B
E
D
A
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
E
D
A
C
B
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
E
C
D
B
A
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
A
E
D
E
A
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
C
D
B
C
E
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
B
A
E
D
E
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
D
C
B
E
D
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
C
D
B
E
A
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
E
A
C
D
B
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
C
E
B
A
C
2013
April
T.C. lme, Seme ve Yerletirme Merkezi
YABANCI DL BLGS
SEVYE TESPT SINAVI
(YDS)
(lkbahar Dnemi)
7 NSAN 2013 PAZAR
NGLZCE
AIKLAMA
(2.5 saat).

zerinden yaplacak, yanl cevaplar dikkate alnmayacaktr.
NGLZCE
2013-YDS lkbahar/NGLZCE
Bu testte 80 soru vardr.
4.

1.
UNICEF is deeply committed to creating a world in

which all children, regardless of their gender or
socioeconomic background, have ---- to free,
compulsory and quality education.
A) access
B) dedication
D) addiction
C) unifying
D) ensuring
E) tendency
B) penetrable
D) sustainable
In non-literate societies, valuable information about

the past is often enshrined in oral tradition poems,
hymns or sayings ---- from generation to generation
by word of mouth.
A) taken off
B) handed down
C) thrown up
D) kept off
E) rooted out
C) notable
E) provable
6.
3.
B) fulfilling
E) fostering
In some countries, such as Brazil and Russia, codes

have been put in place to promote ---- logging of
forest ecosystems.
A) applicable
A) extracting
C) insight
5.
2.
Many scientists believe that our sanitized

surroundings are ---- allergic disorders in children,
which have doubled in the last decade.
Before they are allowed to be used, all medicines,

including vaccines, are ---- tested to assess how
safe and effective they are.
A) incidentally
B) hazardously
C) thoroughly
D) fatally
By mapping equatorial rainfall since 800 AD,

scientists have ---- how tropical weather may change
over the next century.
A) taken out
B) put aside
C) brought down
D) figured out
E) counted upon
E) offensively
10. Chinas rapid growth ---- trade is seen as a plus for

the Southeast Asian nations because it helps to
spur development ---- the region.

7.
The physics of elementary particles in the 20th

century ---- by the observation of particles whose
existence ---- by theorists decades earlier.
A) of / without
B) by / about
C) upon / over
D) at / under
A) has been distinguished / was predicted
E) in / across
B) distinguished / is being predicted

C) was distinguished / had been predicted
D) is distinguished / has been predicted
E) had been distinguished / was being predicted
11. As Antarctic glaciers collapse ---- the sea, scientists

struggle to find out what that means ---- the rise of
sea levels.
8.
At the end of the First World War, the leaders of

victorious countries gathered at Versailles, and
there, they ---- to decide what penalties Germany,
Austria and other allies ----.
A) against / in
B) over / to
C) around / along
D) on / for
E) from / behind
A) tried / would have to pay

B) had tried / must have paid
C) were trying / were paying
D) used to try / might have paid
12. ---- lead was widely known to be dangerous, by the

early years of the 20th century, it could be found in
all manners of consumer products.
E) could try / should have paid
A) Since
B) Once
C) Only when
D) Even though
E) Given that
9.
---- the types of individuals it seeks to attract, an

organization ---- to consider what methods to use to
reach them.
A) To have established / could need
B) Having established / needs
C) Establishing / had needed
D) Established / needed
E) Being established / will need
13. Animals trapped in a stone called amber are

sometimes so well preserved that they look ---- they
have just died.
16. ---- deriving two-thirds of its power supply from

fossil fuels, power producers in India cannot get
enough pipeline space to distribute natural gas.
A) so that
B) in case
A) Despite
B) Besides
C) as though
D) even if
C) As a result of
D) By means of
E) now that
E) Rather than
14. The European Commission has put forward that

policies to cut greenhouse gases will not work ---individuals share the vision of a low-carbon society.
A) provided that
B) after
C) but
D) while
E) unless
15. When modern coastal fish-farming began 30 years

ago, no one was doing things right, ---- for the
environment ---- the industrys long-term
sustainability.
A) whether / or
B) such / as
C) so / that
D) either / or
E) as / as
numaralanm yerlere uygun den szck ya da
ifadeyi bulunuz.
19.
A) About
Cities, large and small, are at the heart of a fast

changing global economy they are a cause of, and a
response to world economic growth. Many urban areas
are growing (17)---- their rural hinterlands are
depressed, which forces impoverished rural people to
move to the cities in search of work. These newcomers
often end up not (18)---- the opportunities they are
looking for, so they become part of the urban poor.
(19)---- arrival to the city, they often encounter lack of
housing and infrastructure services. To (20)---- the lack
of available homes, newcomers often set up shelters on
the city outskirts, usually on public-owned land. They
often live without electricity, running water, a sewerage
system, roads and other urban services. (21)---- dealing
with poor sanitation and pollution from dirty cooking
fuels and primitive stoves, they are exposed to modern
environmental hazards, such as urban air pollution,
exhaust fumes and industrial pollution.
B) To
C) For
D) Upon
E) By
20.
A) cut down on
B) go in for
C) turn back on
D) fall behind with

E) make up for
21.
A) Despite
B) Owing to
C) For the sake of
D) In addition to
E) Unlike
17.
A) unless
B) in case
C) so that
D) whenever
E) because
18.
A) to find
B) finding
C) to have found
D) being found
E) to be found
numaralanm yerlere uygun den szck ya da
ifadeyi bulunuz.
24.
No single country owns Antarctica. (22)----, countries

wishing to have a say in how the Antarctic (both the
continent itself and the surrounding Southern Ocean) is
governed (23)----, and agree to abide by, the Antarctic
Treaty. However, prior to the signing of the Antarctic
Treaty in 1959, several countries had made claims to
parts of Antarctica, some of which overlapped. The
Treaty does not (24)---- these claims; Article IV of the
Treaty states in part, No acts or activities taking place
while the present Treaty is in force shall constitute a
basis for asserting, supporting or denying a claim to
territorial sovereignty in Antarctica. (25)---- avoiding the
claims issue in this way, it was possible to produce a
treaty that many parties could sign. Unfortunately, this
means that (26)---- many countries follow the spirit of
cooperation of the Treaty, there are still disputes over
territory that remain unresolved and come up from time
to time.
A) jeopardize
B) withdraw
C) underestimate
D) recognize
E) deteriorate
25.
A) By
B) From
D) Along
C) About
E) Without
26.
A) as
B) while
D) until
C) if
E) before
22.
A) Instead
B) For example
C) At least
D) In short
E) Similarly
23.
A) were to sign
B) had to sign
C) must sign
D) may sign
E) used to sign
29. Despite the political upheavals in the Arab world,

----.

A) the Middle East is gaining ground to become one of

the worlds popular tourist destinations
27. In order to make the first vessels to cross stretches

of water, ----.
A) ancient civilizations depended heavily on these for
their survival and expansion
B) business boom, in places like Dubai and Abu Dhabi,

has had little impact on the economies
B) the Greeks brought the art of rowing to a level of

perfection that has never been surpassed
C) the airlines are rapidly expanding their routes in

Europe and Asia
C) early attempts were often unique to the societies that

originated them
D) emphasis on new policies is required to overcome

recession in these countries
D) people had already developed them for such

purposes as fishing and transporting goods
E) stability, strong economic growth and value for

money are the key factors of economic mobility
E) early humans employed materials ranging from

animal skins to small pieces of timber
30. Whereas there are undoubted social benefits to

increasing home ownership, ----.
A) the mortgage companies that finance home buyers
can go bankrupt
28. While several other minerals are needed for muscle

function, ----.
A) knowledge of your body and its functions can be a
great ally in health matters
B) there are some economic problems associated with

it
B) most of the calories in the food we eat are used by

our muscles
C) more and more people prefer to buy homes than

rent
C) the contours of the body alter as the muscles

strengthen
D) the existing laws make it financially more attractive

to purchase
D) exercise is a vital ingredient for keeping the human

body in good health
E) incentives to rent houses still remain at historically

low levels
E) continuous intake of calcium helps to maintain a

healthy skeleton
31. No matter how good the food we eat is, if it is not

well digested, absorbed into the blood and
assimilated into the cells, ----.
33. ----, you can work on extinguishing any undesirable

behaviours.
A) Unless you proceed to the interviewers office for
your interview
A) we can, in time, develop symptoms and nutritional

deficiency
B) Although previous work experience is sought by

almost all employers nowadays
B) food must be well chewed and mixed with saliva
C) Once you are able to see yourself interacting with

others
C) an alkaline environment is needed for the next stage

of digestion
D) it reaches the stomach where it is mixed with pepsin
D) Whereas there is much to be learned about human

nature in general
E) the breakdown of the protein in food begins here
E) Just as any communicative event requires at least

one person to be around
34. It might not be practical to use a different password

for every single website that you log into ----.
32. ----, Indian culture was primarily oral, with a high

value placed on recounting tales and dreams.
A) so online shopping involves more than just a seller

and a buyer
A) No matter how extraordinarily diverse Indian

customs and culture have been
B) although it is more suggestible for someone to rely

on a computer engineer
B) As native American Indians evolved into complex

hierarchical societies that practiced human sacrifice
C) since nicknames on the Internet are not enough to

protect you from harm
C) Even though the first Indians began constructing

earthen burial sites and fortifications around 600 BC
D) while the term surfing has become more

widespread as more people use computers
D) If all European emigrants had left their homelands to

escape political oppression
E) but it is definitely worth having more than one for

security reasons
E) Although some North American tribes developed a

type of hieroglyphics to preserve certain texts
35. The nests birds leave behind provide clues about

their lives and environment ----.
A) as the architectural complexity of these nests hardly
untangles their genealogy
B) just as archaeological sites supply glimpses of
human history
C) but nest-collecting was a popular boyhood hobby in
the 19th century
D) despite the fact that they remain a largely untapped
scientific resource
E) before they lay eggs in order to sustain the
continuation of their species
36. ----, not only cell operators but also law enforcement
have come under fire for exploiting personal data
without the users knowledge.
A) After the companies have agreed widely on privacy
policies
B) Although law enforcement units permit users to
reach all sites
C) Since market demand is driving some of the biggest
collectors of data into piracy
D) As smart phones tracking abilities have become
more sophisticated
E) Now that banking transactions via mobile devices
are almost completely secure
38. For the last 20 years, there has been an ongoing

argument as to whether jazz is no longer an
exclusively American let alone an Afro-American
music.
37. Most of the fears that we had when we were children

are actually quite profound, but as we grow older
and become more self-sufficient, the reality of fears
diminishes.
A) Son yirmi yldr, Afro-Amerikan mzii olmaktan

kt varsaylan cazn sadece Amerikan mzii
olup olmadn sorgulayan bir tartma
bulunmaktadr.
A) ocukken yaadmz korkularn ou, aslnda

olduka derindir ancak byyp kendimize daha
fazla yeter hle geldike korkularn gereklii azalr.
B) Son yirmi yln sregelen tartmas, Afro-Amerikan

mzii olmasndan ziyade, cazn artk tamamyla
Amerikan mzii olup olmaddr.
B) ocukken aslnda ok derin birok korku yaarz

fakat byyp daha ok kendimize yettike bu
korkular gerekliini yitirir.
C) Son yirmi yldr, cazn Afro-Amerikan mzii

olmasn gz ard eden ve tamamen Amerikan
mzii olduunu savunan bir tartma
sregelmektedir.
C) ocukken yaadmz korkularn ou, aslnda

olduka derin boyuttadr ancak byyp kendimize
daha fazla yeten bireyler hline geldiimizde bu
korkular zamanla ortadan kalkar.
D) Son yirmi yldr, Afro-Amerikan mzii olmasn

brakn, cazn daha ne kadar Amerikan mzii olarak
anlabilecei tartlmaktadr.
D) ocukken yaanlan korkularn ou, aslnda

olduka derindir fakat kendimize yetecek kadar
bydmzde bu korkular gerekliini kaybeder.
E) Son yirmi yldr, Afro-Amerikan mzii olmasn bir

kenara brakn, cazn artk yalnzca Amerikan mzii
olup olmad konusunda sregelen bir tartma
mevcuttur.
E) ocukken yaadmz korkularn ou, aslnda

olduka derin olsa da byyp kendimize daha fazla
yettike bu korkular gerek olmaktan uzaklar.
39. Patriarchy originally meant superiority of the father

and used to be employed by sociologists to
describe family structures where the father rather
than the mother was dominant.
A) Ataerkillik, esasen babann ayrcaln ifade
etmekteydi ve toplum bilimciler tarafndan anneden
ziyade babann baskn olduu aile yaplarn
tanmlarken kullanlrd.
B) Ataerkillik, znde babann hkimiyeti anlamn
tamaktayd ve toplum bilimciler tarafndan anneden
ziyade babann baskn olduu aile yaplarn ele
alrken kullanlrd.
C) Ataerkillik, ilk olarak babann stnl anlamna
sahipti ve toplum bilimciler tarafndan anneden
ziyade babann n planda olduu aile yaplarn
tasvir etmek iin kullanlrd.
D) Ataerkillik, balangta babann stnl anlamna
gelmekteydi ve toplum bilimciler tarafndan anneden
ziyade babann baskn olduu aile yaplarn
tanmlamak iin kullanlrd.
E) Ataerkillik, aslen babann stnl anlamna
gelmekteydi ve toplum bilimciler tarafndan anneden
ziyade babann sznn getii aile yaplarn
vurgulamak iin kullanlrd.
40. Oyunlara ve zellikle ocuk oyunlarna ilikin

inanlarmz, teknoloji ve kreselleme ile kkl
deiimler geirmitir.
A) We seem to have radically changed our beliefs
about plays, and childrens plays in particular,
because of advances in technology and
globalization.
42. Kendine ait nemli rezervleri bulunmayan dnyann

en byk enerji tketicisi Avrupa Birlii, ihtiya
duyduu enerjinin % 50sini ithal etmektedir ve ithal
enerjiye olan bamllnn 2030 ylna kadar % 70e
kaca tahmin edilmektedir.
A) The worlds largest energy consumer without its own
significant reserves, the European Union imports
50% of the energy it needs, and it is predicted that
its dependence on imported energy will rise to 70%
by 2030.
B) We believe that plays, and childrens plays in

particular, have encountered radical changes due to
technology and globalization.
B) As the worlds largest energy consumer, the

European Union has no important energy reserves,
and it is envisioned that its dependence on imported
energy will increase to 70% by 2030, on the
assumption that it buys 50% of its energy from other
countries.
C) Our beliefs about plays, and childrens plays in

particular, have undergone radical changes with
technology and globalization.
D) Owing to the radical changes in plays, and childrens
plays in particular, we have shifted our attitude
towards technology and globalization.
C) As the worlds largest energy consumer with its

limited energy reserves, the European Union imports
around 50% of the energy it needs, and it will
probably be more dependent on energy import with a
70% increase by 2030.
E) As to technology and globalization, our beliefs about

plays, and childrens plays in particular, have
changed radically.
D) Besides being the worlds largest energy consumer

today which lacks its own reserves, the European
Union imports 50% of the energy it requires, and it is
foreseen that its energy import will go up to 70% by
2030.
41. Anadolu'daki arkeolojik kalntlar, zeytin aacnn

ok eskilere dayandn ve ayn zamanda
zeytinyann faydalarn insanlarn bildiini
gsteren deliller sunmaktadr.
E) The European Union is the worlds largest energy

consumer without its own significant energy
reserves, and it is estimated that its reliance on
imported energy will rise to 70% by 2030, while it is
50% now.
A) Archaeological remains in Anatolia have revealed

the fact that the olive tree grew in the very distant
past and humans knew the benefits of olive oil as
well.
B) In Anatolia, archaeological remains show that the
olive tree was in existence in the very distant past
and humans were also aware of the benefits of olive
oil.
C) Archaeological remains in Anatolia provide proof that
the olive tree dates back to the very distant past, as
does human knowledge of olive oils benefits.
D) The olive tree and human knowledge of olive oils
benefits date back to the very distant past as
archaeological remains in Anatolia show us.
E) Remains in archaeological sites in Anatolia proves
that olive tree depends on the very distant past and
humans benefited from olive oil in many ways.
10
cevaplaynz.
History is one of the few school subjects commonly
mandated in education systems throughout the world.
Furthermore, the use of history textbooks to support
student learning is an almost universally accepted
practice. However, the widespread international
presence of the humble history textbook should not
disguise its ideological and cultural potency. Indeed,
essential to understanding the power and importance of
history textbooks is to appreciate that in any given
culture they typically exist as the keepers of ideas,
values and knowledge. No matter how neutral history
textbooks may appear, they are ideologically important,
because they often seek to inject the youth with a
shared set of values, national ethos and an
incontrovertible sense of political orthodoxy. Textbooks
stand as cultural artefacts that embody a range of
issues associated with ideology, politics and values
which in themselves function at a variety of different
levels of power, status and influence. Embedded in
history textbooks are narratives and stories that nation
states choose to tell about themselves and their
relations with other nations. Typically, they represent a
core of cultural knowledge which future generations are
expected both to assimilate and support.

A) some countries have been more successful in
producing more neutral and less ideological history
textbooks than others
B) in many nations, debates over the content and
format of history textbooks continue to generate
considerable political conflict
C) nations attempt to provide future generations with
particular values that will ensure the continuation of
existing structures
D) history textbooks have become more politicized after
the emergence of nation states to preserve national
identity
E) many educational systems throughout the world
include history in their curriculum to enhance
political literacy
45. According to the passage, regardless of how

impartially they are written, history textbooks ----.
A) need to teach both the past and the future
B) serve a purpose other than intended
C) are the best options for cultural transmission
D) affect ideologically the youth more than adults
43. According to the passage, history textbooks ----.

A) are now being rewritten with a more international
and universal outlook to rectify past
misunderstandings between nations
E) can never be completely objective and neutral
46. It can be inferred from the passage that the author

----.
B) are not appropriate for teaching history because they

are always ideologically biased
A) is in favour of using history textbooks to inform

people about international relations
B) sets out to emphasize the use of history textbooks to
instil national values in the young generation
C) should be written in a neutral and unbiased way so

that future generations can have a healthy
understanding of history
C) is of the opinion that textbooks on history are easy to

write
D) not only have educational, but also ideological

functions, serving to transmit a nation states values
D) believes in the necessity of locally produced history

textbooks to bring about world peace
E) is trying to persuade the reader of the importance of
understanding history
E) consist of baseless stories and narratives rather

than historical facts that are more important for a
nation states survival
11
cevaplaynz.
Farmers in many countries utilize antibiotics in two key
ways: at full strength to treat animals that are sick and in
low doses to fatten meat-producing livestock or to
prevent veterinary illnesses. Although even the proper
use of antibiotics can inadvertently lead to the spread of
drug resistant bacteria, the habit of using a low dose is a
formula for disaster: the treatment provides just enough
antibiotic to kill some but not all bacteria. The germs that
survive are typically those that happen to bear genetic
mutations for resisting the antibiotic. They then
reproduce and exchange genes with other microbial
resisters. As bacteria are found literally everywhere,
resistant strains produced in animals eventually find
their way into people as well. You could not design a
better system for guaranteeing the spread of antibiotic
resistance. To cease the spread, Denmark enforced
tighter rules on the use of antibiotics in the raising of
poultry and other farm animals. The lesson is that
improving animal husbandry making sure that pens,
stalls and cages are properly cleaned and giving
animals more room or time to mature offsets the initial
negative impact of limiting antibiotic use.

A) widespread use of antibiotics is intended to eliminate
the chances of a possible pandemic
B) using a low dose antibiotic compared to a heavy
dose is highly recommended for farmers
C) human beings should test the efficacy of using
antibiotics on other animals before using them on
poultry
D) increased antibiotic resistance in human beings is
due to the consumption of animal products with
antibiotic content
E) antibiotic resistance in poultry animals has led
scientists to find alternative solutions to fight off
these bacteria

A) the spread of bacterial infections in poultry may not
be avoided by improving physical conditions
B) the weight of the poultry mainly depends upon the
environment they are brought up in
47. It is understood from the passage that ----.

A) farmers mainly prefer using antibiotics as a
preventive measure for diseases
C) strict regulations in Denmark are employed to

minimize the effects of antibiotic use on both poultry
and people
B) antibiotics are merely useful in treating the

contagious diseases of farm animals
D) the maturation period of poultry in Denmark is

determined by the size of the animal
C) continuous and heavy doses of antibiotics are crucial

for poultry
E) the productivity of poultry can best be analyzed

through the amount of the antibiotic used on the
animal
D) antibiotics are so far the only effective method to

fatten up meat-producing animals
E) poultry prices are affected by the spread of
contagious diseases
50. It is stated in the passage that antibiotics ----.

A) are crucial as they change the genetic mutations of
poultry
B) form the basis for microbial resistance of genes in
animals
C) are effective in restricting resistant strains of bacteria
in poultry
D) are employed to prevent a possible disease spread
from farm animals to human beings
E) may produce drug resistant bacteria, irrespective of
how carefully they are used
12
cevaplaynz.
The Marshall Plan was not a simple program for
transferring massive sums of money to struggling
countries, but an explicit and eventually successful
attempt to reindustrialize Europe. say Erik Reinert and
Ha-Joon Chang. It follows that if Africa really wants
economic prosperity, it should study and draw valuable
lessons from the Marshall Plans dark twin: the
Morgenthau Plan implemented in Germany in 1945.
Reinert tells the story best: When it was clear that the
Allies would win the Second World War, the question of
what to do with Germany, which in three decades had
precipitated two World Wars, reared its head. Henry
Morgenthau Jr, the US secretary of the treasury,
formulated a plan to keep Germany from ever again
threatening world peace. Germany, he argued, had to
be entirely deindustrialized and turned into an
agricultural nation. All industrial equipment was to be
destroyed, and the mines were to be flooded. This
program was approved by the Allies and was
immediately implemented when Germany capitulated in
1945. However, it soon became clear that the
Morgenthau Plan was causing serious economic
problems in Germany: deindustrialization caused
agricultural productivity to plummet. This was indeed an
interesting experiment. The mechanisms of synergy
between industry and agriculture worked in reverse:
killing the industry reduced the productivity of the
agricultural sector.
52. According to the passage, Germany ----.

A) had to be stripped of its power to start wars
B) was unable to continue its industrial development
during World War II
C) needed industrial equipment and American finance
to rebuild the country
D) found the Morgenthau Plan problematic as its
economy declined
E) was allowed to industrialize despite its agricultural
potential

A) Americas vision for post-war Europe was in essence
misguided
B) a country has no choice but to prioritize one sector
over another in order to advance
C) todays Africa and post-war Germany have a lot in
common
D) Erik Reinert and Ha-Joon Chang were right in their
predictions about the Marshall Plan
E) plans made by policy makers may yield unexpected
outcomes
54. The main concern of the author is to ----.

A) supply a brief summary of imperial nations
domination of others
51. It is clearly stated in the passage that the Marshall

Plan ----.
B) blame Americas programs for Germanys

agricultural productivity
A) was redesigned as the Morgenthau Plan to be

applied in Germany
C) learn from the failings and achievements of some

economic policies
B) was very comprehensive in its scope to develop

Europe
D) describe ways of industrializing through agriculture

in order to stop wars
C) was a program of investment from which the Allies

expected to benefit directly
E) accuse the African leaders of failing to understand

how Germany prospered
D) was ill-formed for its objectives according to Erik

Reinert and Ha-Joon Chang
E) turned out to be a failed attempt to industrialize
various European nations
13
cevaplaynz.
Imagine an industry that runs out of raw materials.
Companies go bankrupt, workers are laid off, families
suffer and associated organizations are thrown into
turmoil. Eventually, governments are forced to take
drastic action. Welcome to global banking, recently
brought to its knees by the interruption of its lifeblood
the flow of cash. In this case, we seem to have been
fortunate. In the nick of time, governments released
reserves in order to start cash circulating again. But
what if the reserves had not been there? What are we
going to do when our supplies of vital materials such as
fish, tropical hardwoods, metals like indium and fresh
water dry up? We live on a planet with finite resources
that is no surprise to anyone so why do we have an
economic system in which all that matters is growth
more growth means using more resources. When the
human population was counted in millions and
resources were sparse, people could simply move to
new pastures. However, with 9 billion people expected
around 2050, moving on is not an option. As politicians
reconstruct the global economy, they should take heed.
If we are to leave any kind of planet to our children, we
need an economic system that lets us live within our
means.
55. The author starts the passage with an example from

industry in order to ----.
56. According to the passage, the global banking crisis

was resolved because governments ----.
A) cooperated closely with the industry
B) sold off large supplies of cash
C) involved the necessary organizations
D) bought new supplies of vital materials
E) acted quickly to find a solution
57. The main point made in the passage is that ----.

A) industries need to look carefully at the raw materials
used
B) the economic system currently in place must be
rethought
C) population explosion is one of the greatest threats to
mankind as it requires more planning
D) all governments should have a responsibility to help
out in times of crisis
E) the global banking system can throw the world into
turmoil
58. It is pointed out in the passage that in the past ----.

A) an economic system of growth was easy to establish
A) explain why raw materials are used in industry
B) resources were more valuable than they are today

C) it was easy for people to find new resources
B) present the conditions of the workers who are

currently employed
D) industry was far less dependent on raw materials
C) indicate the possible consequences of global

industrialization
E) it was rare for businesses to actually fail
D) emphasize the importance of raw materials

E) describe the impact of the banking system on
industry
14
cevaplaynz.
Many athletes credit drugs with improving their
performance, but some of them may want to thank their
brain instead. Mounting evidence suggests that the
boost from human growth hormone (HGH), an
increasingly popular doping drug, might be caused by
the placebo effect. In a new double-blind trial funded by
the World Anti-Doping Agency, in which neither
researchers nor participants knew who was receiving
HGH and who was taking a placebo, the researchers
asked participants to guess whether or not they were on
the real drug. Then they examined the results of the
group who guessed that they were getting HGH when, in
fact, they had received a placebo. That group improved
at four fitness tests measuring strength, endurance,
power and sprint capacity. The study participants who
guessed correctly that they were taking a placebo did
not improve, according to preliminary results presented
at the Society for Endocrinology meeting in June 2011.
The finding really shows the power of the mind said
Ken Ho, an endocrinologist at the Garvan Institute in
Sydney, Australia, who led the study. She maintains that
many athletes are reaping the benefits of the placebo
effect, without knowing whether what they are taking is
beneficial or not.
60. According to the results of the study funded by the

World Anti-Doping Agency, ----.
A) the study participants were all aware they were given
a placebo
B) those who knew that they were given real drugs
failed to show improvement in fitness tests
C) the athletes who did not know they were given a
placebo did well on fitness tests
D) the preliminary findings showed the increased
popularity of drugs
E) the effects of HGH are incompatible with those found
in other studies
61. It is understood from the passage that the placebo

effect ----.
A) is highly esteemed among those who are interested
in athletics
B) can play a significant role in improving the
performances of athletes
C) has been monitored in the participating groups that
consist of people taking doping drugs
D) was also tested in other branches of sports where
competition exists
E) was very high in the studies where participants were
informed in advance
59. It is clearly stated in the passage that the support

given by certain drugs ----.
A) is largely accepted for its positive contribution to
performance

A) external interventions may have negative impacts on
ones performance
B) has been proven by many studies around the world
B) every athlete should be involved in a study to

increase his or her performance
C) has led authorities to take the necessary measures

against these drugs
C) success lies in the power of ones mind no matter

which treatment he or she is exposed to
D) has been openly disputed by most of the athletes
D) the World Anti-Doping Agency should be much more

careful about the use of drugs in sports
E) results in the improved performances of all the

athletes who take them
E) much more research should be done on the placebo

effect among athletes
15
bulunuz.
63. Emre:
Whats so funny that youve been laughing now
for hours?
64. Timur:
Do you know the difference between the use of
barbecues and conventional gas cooking?
Levent:
----
Figen:
I was just remembering a friend of mine who owns
a shoe shop. He was very upset because he
realized that many customers were trying to
squeeze their feet into shoes that were too small,
and were ruining his shoes.
Timur:
What can be done to reduce this?
Emre:
----
A) Burning charcoal releases carbon monoxide into the

air much more than cooking with gas does.
Levent:
I think we should use gas over barbecue as it
contributes to an increase in smog levels.
Figen:
Even so, I just cant help laughing.
B) Well, actually, both are good ways of cooking, but

barbecues take longer to prepare.
A) That must have been quite an experience for him.

Now he wont let anyone try on different sizes.
C) Gas cooking is far more efficient than using a

barbecue, as you can adjust the heat according to
your needs.
B) Doesnt the salesman have any rights? He should be

able to fill out some kind of complaint form.
D) Unfortunately, both are harmful and cause damage

to the environment.
C) Being a frequent shoe-buyer myself, I dont know

where your friends store is.
E) Gas appears to be more dangerous as there is a

high risk of explosion.
D) Perhaps he should start selling other things. This

way, he wont have to deal with those customers
anymore.
E) I dont find it amusing whatsoever. The customers
should have been more careful with what they were
doing.
16
65. Teacher:
Your son has adapted quite well socially. Hes had
no problems making friends. Also, hes quite a
leader among them.
Parent:
Im glad to hear that. What about his class work?
66. Jale:
Here is an article about how people react in
emergencies. Researchers say that when more
people are around, it reduces the chances of
actually being helped.
Adnan:
----
Teacher:
----
Jale:
Apparently, onlookers provide a model for action.
If they are docile and disinterested, the situation
may seem less serious.
Parent:
He's never been very good at sitting still and
focusing.
Adnan:
I think if there is only one bystander, your chance
of being helped increases, as he will think he must
help immediately.
A) His math skills are very good, but he needs to work

harder on his language skills.
B) He enjoys group work, probably because he likes to
socialize so much.
A) Is an individual aware that others are present?
C) I think he needs a private tutor to help him with the

more difficult subjects.
B) How did they carry out that research?
D) I really enjoy having him in class because hes such

a good example to others.
C) Do they offer any explanation as to why this

happens?
E) He has the ability but he seems to lack the

concentration to do the work.
D) Is this finding true for all cultures?

E) Who were the participants in this research?
17
67. Aya:
Do you think environmental factors like diet and
stress affect the ageing process as much as the
decline of hormonal systems?
Berkan:
----

68. Science does not produce a unified picture of the
environment on which all can agree, instead it
provides multiple views, each of which may be valid
from a particular ideological angle.
A) There is not one single view of the environment that
can be provided through science that everyone will
agree on, rather it gives different perspectives, all of
which are valid depending on the ideological
perspective.
Aya:
So, you mean physiological and environmental
factors contribute to ones longevity to the same
degree.
Berkan:
Definitely! I also think living in an extended family
and playing an important role in society bring in
some beneficial effects.
B) The environment has been described by scientists in

many different ways rather than in just one way, and
each of these have their own validity according to
the observers own ideology.
A) I dont believe dietary habits and lifestyle have much

to do with ageing. Its all about the gradual failing of
the body to be able to repair itself and replace cells.
C) Science represents many diverse and particular

ideological angles, and from these a valid and
unified description of the environment can be
produced that respects multiple views.
B) I heard some people live longer and have fewer

health problems than others thanks to their
easy-going lifestyle and the amount of vegetables
they consume.
C) Perhaps, calorie restriction and anti-ageing
treatments can be successful interventions that may
cause increases in life expectancy.
D) Scientists from different ideological backgrounds

have come together to agree upon a unified picture
of the environment on which scientists can all agree
upon its validity.
D) Even if ageing seems to be a serious problem for

many people, some rely on plastic surgeries to cope
with it.
E) Multiple views on the environment are the result of

science being unable to produce a unified
description upon which those from different
ideological backgrounds can agree.
E) Extending ones lifespan isnt simply a case of

stopping the ageing process, because ageing isnt a
scientifically recognized cause of death.
18
69. The stocks of bluefin tuna, the most valuable fish in

the world, have plummeted to such paltry levels that
many scientists speculate that the fish could be
headed for extinction.
A) Scientists believe that the excessive demand for the
valuable bluefin tuna fish has risen to such a level
that there is speculation about the fish becoming
extinct.
70. Huntingtons has been described as the most

disastrous disease known to man because of its
peculiarly cruel characteristics, as it progressively
strips a person of control of his muscles, reason
and emotion.
A) Huntingtons disease is described as not only the
worst disease in the world but also the most cruelly
progressive, as it slowly takes away a persons
ability to control their muscles, reason and emotion.
B) Stocks of the worlds most desirable bluefin tuna fish

have reached such a low level that many scientists
are convinced that they are about to become extinct.
B) To describe Huntingtons as a cruel disease could

be disastrous as people know that it eventually takes
away a persons ability to control their muscles as
well as to reason and feel emotion.
C) There is some speculation among scientists around

the world as to how far the stocks of the valuable
bluefin tuna fish can be allowed to fall before they
become extinct.
C) Due to its cruel characteristics that gradually take

away a persons control of their muscles, reason and
emotion, Huntingtons is said to be the most
devastating disease in the world.
D) Stocks of the bluefin tuna, the most expensive fish in

the world, have dropped to such a low level that
scientists are predicting that they might become
extinct.
D) When a person starts to rapidly lose control of his

muscles and no longer is able to reason or control
his emotions, he can be described as having the
most disastrous disease ever Huntingtons.
E) The most expensive fish in the world is the bluefin

tuna, but scientists fear that stocks will soon reach a
paltry level and the fish will become extinct.
E) When a man is described as having Huntingtons, it

can be a very cruel experience, as they will gradually
experience certain characteristics such as lack of
muscle control, reason and emotion.
19
71. The changing climate will have negative effects on

all parts of the world; depending on peoples
location and lifestyles, however, there will be great
differences in the subsequent health hazards that
human populations face.
A) No matter how and where people live, the
subsequent health hazards will be terribly great after
the varying climate negatively affects all regions of
the world.
B) Based on their lifestyles and geographical location,
human populations all over the world will experience
health risks to be brought about by adverse effects
of the changing climate.

cmleyi bulunuz.
72. Most measurements of happiness are by
standardized questionnaires or interview schedules.
It could also be done by informed observers those
who know the individual well and see them
regularly. ---- Yet, another form of measurement is to
investigate a persons memory and check whether
they feel predominantly happy or unhappy about
their past. Finally, there are some crude but
ever-developing physical measures looking at
everything from brain scanning to saliva levels.
A) It should be kept in mind that such tests might be
misleading in many cases.
C) Whether all regions of the world will be negatively

affected by the incremental climate change largely
depends on peoples location and ways of life, yet
human populations will end up with health risks.
B) Findings suggest that ancestors of Finnish people

made use of such methods.
C) There is also experience sampling, where people
report how happy they are many times a day.
D) Since all parts of the world are likely to be adversely

influenced by the globally changing climate, human
populations have been subject to resultant health
risks, regardless of how and where they reside.
D) Being objective in this process is more important

than being an observer.
E) A question still remains unanswered: to what extent
can one express happiness on a sheet of questions?
E) All regions of the world will be adversely affected by

the changing climate, but the resulting health risks to
human populations will vary greatly, depending on
where and how people live.
73. Everything in the factories of the future will be run

by smarter software. Digitization in manufacturing
will have as widespread an effect as in other
industries that have gone digital, including
photography, publishing and films. Such effects will
not be confined to large manufacturers, either. ---Launching new and innovative products will
become easier and cheaper for them.
A) The materials being used to make things are
changing faster than they were in the past.
B) In addition, it will allow things to be made
economically in much smaller quantities.
C) Nonetheless, companies are also optimistic about a
manufacturing revival.
D) In fact, these developments will empower smaller
firms and individual entrepreneurs.
E) As such, companies from all over the world use
China and India as low-wage workshops.
20
74. ---- This is not the case, and evidence for early
learning and remembering comes from several
studies. In one, infants only a few hours old learned
to turn their heads right or left, depending on
whether they heard a buzzer or a tone. In order to
taste a sweet liquid, the baby had to turn to the right
when a tone sounded and to turn to the left when
the buzzer sounded. In only a few trials, the babies
were performing without error.
A) It was once thought that infants could neither learn
nor remember.
B) Infants can discriminate differences in taste shortly
after birth.
75. Stephen Hawking, the famed theoretical physicist

diagnosed with Lou Gehrigs disease, lost the ability
to speak thirty years ago. In the meantime, a
computerized voice generated by an infrared sensor
inside Hawkings mouth has allowed him to
communicate. According to a recent report,
however, the muscles controlling the device have
been deteriorating, limiting him to as little as one
word per minute. ---- This is a horrifying prospect for
the scientific community that has benefitted greatly
from his findings. But a new device recording brain
functions at an unprecedented level of detail was
developed and has been proposed to improve
Hawkings ability to communicate once again.
A) Such devices can be used to monitor the sleep
pattern and the disorders of the deaf.
C) Newborn infants could distinguish human voices

from other sounds.
D) Newborn babies may not remember what they have
just learned.
B) The sensor in the mouth is an effective way to

continue communication with people unable to
speak.
E) Pre-birth experiences in the uterus help infants to

learn and remember.
C) Without a new means of communication, Hawking

runs the risk of being rendered mute.
D) The muscles in the mouth can be kept under control
by using a great variety of equipments.
E) Thanks to recent developments, researchers are
now able to keep the disease under control as in
Hawkings condition.
76. - 80. sorularda, cmleler srasyla

okunduunda parann anlam btnln bozan
cmleyi bulunuz.
76. (I) Using herbs from your garden or the farmers market
to enhance the flavour of your summer cuisine is really
rewarding. (II) Not only will herbs add subtle accents to
your main dishes and salads, but they will also bring
fragrance and interest to favourite dessert and beverage
recipes. (III) If you are not using fresh herbs, remember
that dried herbs are very potent, so reduce the amount
you use by half or more. (IV) Include your home-grown
produce in a salad course, and specimens from your
gorgeous summer flower beds in a welcoming table
centrepiece. (V) Also, if you are cooking outdoors, be
sure to allow enough time to heat the grill for your
vegetables, steaks and chicken.
A) I
21
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
77. (I) Aristotle explored the apparent ties between odour

and memory in his work On Sense and the Sensible.
(II) Since then, people have speculated that the
memories elicited by smell are more intimate and
immediate than other recollections. (III) When we
experience certain smells, we often find ourselves taken
back in time to a specific event or scene. (IV) Many
movies of the 1980s include scenes that trigger
memories of childhood and school years. (V) For
example, the smell of a salsa, a sauce eaten with
Mexican food, may remind a person of watching James
Bond movies on television with his or her father while
dipping chips in the spicy sauce.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
80. (I) No citizen of the European Union lives more than

700 km away from the coast. (II) The seas and oceans
are at the centre of a large number of interactions, and
to optimize political decision-making, we must clearly
understand these interactions. (III) The European Union
is surrounded by four seas and two oceans, and has
89,000 km of coastline. (IV) The maritime areas under
the jurisdiction of the member states of the European
Union are larger than the land masses. (V) The obvious
conclusion is the need for rational management of the
seas and oceans.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
E) V
78. (I) Five to six million farmers in the tropics who cultivate
the cacao trees from which cocoa is produced rely on
the sales of the seeds to feed themselves and their
families. (II) Cacao tree grows only in a narrow band
within about 18 degrees north and south of the Equator.
(III) They extract the seeds, often called beans, from
football-shaped pods and then ferment and dry them to
form butter and powder. (IV) The livelihoods of another
40 to 50 million depend on the long production road
whereby the cacao seeds travel from a farm to the
candy on store shelves. (V) In Ivory Coast, which
produces 40 percent of the worlds cocoa, such farming
accounts for a full 15 percent of Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) and employs 5 percent of households.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
79. (I) One of the oldest methods of preserving food is

drying. (II) It slows down the proliferation and activity of
the bacteria that cause spoilage and decay, but it
considerably alters the appearance of food due to the
loss of water. (III) With the success of freezing and its
characteristics for retaining the food value of
ingredients, drying is no longer an essential means of
preserving food for times when it may be out of season
or expensive. (IV) Since prehistoric times, cereals and
fruits have been dried in the sun before being stored.
(V) The drying of fruits and vegetables has been widely
practiced for so long; in Greece for grapes, in Turkey for
apricots, and in Iran and Spain for tomatoes.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
22
TEST BTT.

1. Snav salonlar kamera ile kayt altna alnacaktr. Kamera kaytlarnn incelenmesinden sonra snav kurallarna uymad tespit edilen adaylarn snavlar SYM Ynetim Kurulunca geersiz saylacaktr.
2. Cep telefonu ile snava girmek kesinlikle yasaktr. ar cihaz, telsiz, fotoraf makinesi vb. aralarla; cep bilgisayar, kol ya da cep saati gibi her trl bilgisayar zellii bulunan cihazlarla; silah ve benzeri tehizatla; msvedde kd, defter, kitap, szlk, szlk ilevi olan elektronik aygt, hesap cetveli, hesap makinesi, pergel, aler,
Bildirilen srelere aykr davranlardan adayn kendisi sorumludur.
6. Snav srasnda, grevlilerin her trl uyarsna uymak zorundasnz. Snavnzn geerli saylmas, her eyden nce,
snav kurallarna uymanza baldr. Kurallara aykr davranta bulunanlarn ve yaplacak uyarlara uymayanlarn
kimlik bilgileri Salon Snav Tutanana yazlacak ve snavlar geersiz saylacaktr.
Salon Snav Tutanana yazlacak ve bu adaylarn snavlar geersiz saylacaktr.
Adaylarn test sorularna verdikleri cevaplarn dalmlar bilgi ilem yntemleriyle incelenecek, bu incelemelerden elde
edilen bulgular bireysel ya da toplu olarak kopya ekildiini gsterirse kopya eylemine katlan adayn/adaylarn snav
geersiz saylacak ayrca 2 yl boyunca SYM tarafndan dzenlenen tm snavlara bavurusu yasaklanabilecektir.
Snav grevlileri bir salondaki snavn, kurallara uygun biimde yaplmadn, toplu kopya giriiminde bulunulduunu raporlarnda bildirdii takdirde, SYM bu salonda snava giren tm adaylarn snavn geersiz sayabilir.
btn iaretlemelerde kurun kalem kullanlacaktr. Snav sresi bittiinde cevaplarn cevap kdna iaretlenmi
olmas gerekir. Soru kitapna iaretlenen cevaplar geerli deildir.
9. Soru kitapnz alr almaz kapanda bulunan ilgili alanlar doldurunuz. Size sylendii zaman, sayfalarn eksik
olup olmadn, kitapkta basm hatalarnn bulunup bulunmadn ve soru kitapnn her sayfasnda basl bulunan soru kitapk numarasnn, kitapn n kapanda basl soru kitapk numarasyla ayn olup olmadn kontrol
ediniz. Soru kitapnzn sayfas eksik ya da basm hatalysa deitirilmesi iin salon bakanna bavurunuz.
Size verilen soru kitapnn numarasn cevap kdnzdaki Soru Kitapk Numaras alanna yaznz ve
kodlaynz. Cevap kdnzdaki Soru kitapk numaram doru kodladm. kutucuunu iaretleyiniz.
Soru kitap zerinde yer alan Soru Kitapk Numarasn doru kodladnz beyan eden alan imzalaynz.
10. Snav sonunda soru kitapklar toplanacak ve SYMde incelenecektir. Soru kitapnzn sayfalarn koparmaynz. Soru kitapnn bir sayfas bile eksik karsa snavnz geersiz saylacaktr.
11. Cevap kdna ve soru kitapna yazlmas ve iaretlenmesi gereken bilgilerde bir eksiklik ve/veya yanllk olmas hlinde snavnzn deerlendirilmesi mmkn olamamaktadr, bu husustaki zen ykmll ve sorumluluk
size aittir.
14. Snav salonundan ayrlmadan nce, soru kitapnz ve cevap kdnz salon grevlilerine eksiksiz olarak teslim
etmeyi unutmaynz.
doacak tm mali klfeti peinen kabullenmi saylr.
YABANCI DL BLGS SEVYE TESPT SINAVI (YDS)

07 NSAN 2013
NGLZCE
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. E
5. B
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. E
11. D
12. D
13. C
14. E
15. D
16. A
17. E
18. B
19. D
20. E
21. D
22. A
23. C
24. D
25. A
26. B
27. E
28. E
29. A
30. B
31. A
32. E
33. C
34. E
35. B
36. D
37. A
38. E
39. D
40. C
41. C
42. A
43. D
44. C
45. E
46. B
47. A
48. D
49. C
50. E
51. B
52. A
53. E
54. C
55. D
56. E
57. B
58. C
59. A
60. C
61. B
62. C
63. E
64. A
65. E
66. C
67. B
68. A
69. D
70. C
71. E
72. C
73. D
74. A
75. C
76. E
77. D
78. B
79. C
80. B

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1. The laws concerning the breeding of animals for

6. Having read so many contemporary American

2. At present, interest rates are comparatively ----;

A) was beginning / will have been written

D) would begin / is being written

3. In some parts of Western Europe, ---- in France,

4. What are some of the things that differentially

D) would not have been regarded

Dier sayfaya geiniz.

8. He certainly ---- party members last weekend

A) has shocked / had not sought

B) would have shocked / will not seek

C) had shocked / would not have sought

13. All of the worlds major national parks are

9. The 1980s ---- a surge of new interest ---- the

B) had brought / having expanded

C) were bringing / to have expanded

14. His latest novel is about people who take their

C) down to / away from

15. Hviz is Europes largest warm-water lake and

Dier sayfaya geiniz.

The term emotional intelligence was probably first

Should a vote in Los Angeles count more than a vote

B) had been introduced

D) has been introduced

B) have been allotted

C) will have been allotted

D) would have been allotted

Dier sayfaya geiniz.

26. 35. sorularda, verilen cmleyi uygun

A) that an entire squadron of planes vanished

26. There is a general agreement among car

B) as local environmental conditions could be the

B) when oil runs out

C) since the sea here is particularly fast moving

C) as it could have been stored as a gas

D) when there is an almost unique magnetic effect

D) as if no mechanical energy was required

E) which is off the southeastern Atlantic coast of the

E) unless there were giant fuel cells

27. He has focused on moving the complexity of

30. The stereotype of woman as the more

A) where it can be managed more easily

A) that still persists today

B) if computers could communicate more easily

B) as emotions are so unpredictable

C) that his improvements actually caught the eye of

C) but it had been encouraged by the Stoics

D) though it became the most widely used

E) which a more sophisticated mode of thinking will

E) which would have been the greatest challenge of

28. Salmon farms are prohibited in Alaska ----.

31. ---- who will become schizophrenic.

A) unless salmon actually does protect against

A) There seems to be a genetic predisposition

B) because fishermen blame the farms for

C) Neither doctors nor scientists can accurately

C) since farmed salmon used to be fattier than wild

D) They confuse the real and the imaginary

D) but they say salmon farms are bad for the

E) Treatment of the disorder is improving

E) once the industry begins to attack some of the