oGoo

Fractiohs,
Percents,

r\he

t - t

?.4.

.h

Learning

Goals
i,, :

a
a

a
a
a

e x p r e sfsr a c t i o nisn
s i m p l e sf ot r m
r e l a t em i x e dn u m b e rasn d
i m p r o p ef r a c t i o n s
c o m p a raen do r d e rm i x e d
n u m b e rasn df r a c t i o n s
explore
a d d i t i oann ds u b t r a c t i o n
o ff r a c t i o n s
percents
explore
r e l a t ep e r c e n ttso f r a c t i o n s
a n dd e c i m a l s
e s t i m a taen dc a l c u l a tpee r c e n t s
s o l v em u l t i s t eppr o b l e m s
u s i n gp e r c e n t s
useratiosfor part-to-part
emparisons
a n dp a r t - t o - w h ocl o
explorequivalen
r at t i o s
explore
rates
s o l v ep r o b l e misn v o l v i n g
fractions,percents,
ratios,
a n dr a t e s

286

,lF@'
ii..:i

ll.

providea lot of
Foodpackages
information,
suchasbrandname,
type of product,quantity,
and
nutritional
data.

, l

.*$

Ratios,and Rates

Key Words
a a a a a a a a a a a a a o a a a a a a

sirnplifg

'*r'

ry

sirnplest
fonrn
*

pencent
f,i
'
f
;!sq9fq{fr{{ryqe6ry9r{,

of o notio
tenrns

*j
nofios
eqpivolent

note

$.

,'s5qrys{{q1{qP

linegnophI
confinooos
''*,**-{

#
C h oo seo n e p ro d u cti n th e shoppingbasket
t h at h a sa fra cti o no n i ts l a bel.
Copythe fraction.
r n d the denominator .
l d e n ti fyth e n u me ra to a
Drawa pictureto representthe fraction.
C h o o seo n e p ro d u cti n th e shoppingbasket
o n i ts l a b e l .
t h a t h a s1 0 0 o /o
W h a td o yo u th i n k th i s me ans?

10oot of 15cocrnfens
onered.

oooo
oooOO
ooooo
I

2 ouf ol3 eguolnows

onened.
2

jf and J namethe samefraction

of the counters,
but sayit in a
differentway.
1
' 105-_ 2
3

fractions.
lf andI areequivalent

UseFractionCircles.
Findas manypairsof equivalentfractions
asyou can.
Recordeachpairyou find.
Finda way to writean equivalentfraction
for eachfractionbelow.
Drawor writeto explainwhat you did.
1

Show and Share

Shareyour work with anotherpairof students.
How did you find eachequivalentfraction?
Explainyour method.
Doesyour methodworkfor all fractions?Explain.

#iiiL; r:

2aA

froctionsond expressfroctionsin simplesr

form.
$tt":*tssou Focus I find equivolent

To find an equivalentfractionwith a greaternumerator

andthe
r, l ti p l yth e n u m er ator
a n d d e n o m i n a tomu
d e n o m i n atobr y th e sa men u mb e r .

As longas you
multiplythe numerator
andthedenominator
by the samenumber,
Youdo
notchangethevalueof the
Thesameis true
fraction.
whenyoudivide.

FindequivalentfractionsforS.
2\
/,'-x
5
12
. '-\ .

' 2-"/

{
10
24
'

,--x ) 5\

12
,

/,-"

a
)

60

.rl

\xsl

100\
500
1200

5
12

\x t ool

to +.
So,#,ff, andffi areequivalent

The number
you multiplyor dividebY
cannotbe 0.

To find an equivalentfractionwith a lessernumerator

andthe
a n d d e n o mi n a todr,i vi d eth e n u mer ator

bythesamenumber.
denominator
fractionforft.
Findan equivalent
/

/"-

-:6\
a

2
60

4
l0

t'-.-

Whenyou find an equivalentfractionby

dividing,you simplifythe fraction.
/'':2\

-fr :
Further,

- --/

to ffi.
So,#isequivalent

\=2_-r'

formofffi.
fr isa simpler

f isthe simplestform of #.

UseFractionCircleswhen they help.

1 whole.
1. Eachpicturerepresents
the shadedpart of eachpicture.
.tionsto represent
Write3 equivalentfracti

b)m
FIT
ffi

c)ffi

T-nl-T-ul
t--|:l---#
f-ftfftfll

the unshadedpart
Write3 equivalentfractionsto represent
of eachpicturein question1.

UnitSLessonl 289

3. Findequivalentfractionswith a denominatorof 15.

.)+

u3

11

c) 30

d) 6d

4. Write3 equivalentfractionsfor eachfraction.

"tI
d#

b)*

fl3r

") ;3
stE

d+
h) :3

Whichfractionsin question4 are in simplestform?

How do you know?
Two-quarters
of the footballgame havebeen played.
It is now halftime.Explainhow this can be.
Whichpairsof fractionsareequivalent?
How do you know?

a )f a n d $
dt#and$

b)+andj
")liandj$

"t #and$
r)f,andf;

8. Madelainesaysshecan usea clockto showthat

$ and $ areequivalentfractions.
Do you think sheis correct?Explain.
Writeeachfractionin simplestform.

")#
"t ;3

b)#
f)t

.) eo:q8

di#

d)#
ht :3

Writea fractionto describeeachsituation.

Thenwriteeachfractionin simplestform.
al 45 min asa fractionof one hour
b) 45c asa fractionof one dollar
cl 10eggsasa fractionof one dozen d) 3 monthsasa fractionof one year
e) 8 bottlesof water asa fractionof a caseof 24 bottles
11. Tuansoldf of his raffleticketson Saturday
, )
and f of them on Sunday.
DidTuansellmoreticketson Sundaythan Saturday?
Ex p l a i nusi n gw o rd so r d ra w i n g s.
Number Strategies

Listtwo waysyoucanfind equivalent

fractions.
Chooseoneway.Choose
a fraction.Write3 fractions
that areequivalent
to the fractionyouchose.

Focus I Question8

Findeachresult.
13+4x2-1
43x2*3x15
100-25x2+50
lnwhatorderdidyou
complete
theoperations
eachtim e?
Unit8 Lesson
I

the sameamount.
J and1] represent
thanthe denominator.
of t isgreater
Thenumerator
I is an improperfraction.
t] hasa wholenumberpartanda fractionpart.1J isa mixednumber.

rods
Youwill needCuisenaire
or stripsof colouredpaper.
)

Whenfhe donkgneennod
is one whole,the nednod

Choosea mixednumber.
rodsto model
UseCuisenaire
the mixednumber.
Writethe mixednumberas
an improperfraction.
Repeatfor 2 different
mixednumbers.

So,fhisis!, or 2t .

Choosean improperfraction.
rodsto model
UseCuisenaire
the improperfraction.
Choosean appropriaterod to represent1 whole.
Writethe improperfractionasa mixednumber.
Repeatfor 2 differentimproperfractions.

rods,how couldyou:
WithoutusingCuisenaire
. renamea mixednumberasan improperfraction?
. renamean improperfractionasa mixednumber?
Recordeachmethod.

ond improperfroctions.
Focus I Convertbetweenmixednumbers

291

Show and Share

Compareyour methodswith thoseof anotherpairof students.
UseCuisenaire
rodsto showwhy your methodsmakesense.

a a a a a a a a a a a o a a a a a a a a a a a t a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a t a a a a a a a a a t a a e a a a a

Towrite2] asanimproperfraction:
Drawa diagramto represeft2l,

WW%
Thediagramshows2 wholesand 3 quarters,
or 2].
Divideeachwholeto showquarters.

ffiffiru
2 wholesisthe sameas8 quarters.
8 quartersand3 quartersis 11 quarters,
or f.
So,* isthe sameas2].
)

Towritef asa mixednumber:

Drawa diagramshowing13fifths.

Becoose
o fnocfion
nepnesenfs
division,
J conolso
dividethe nurnenofon
bg fhe denorninoton

5[e
2R3
Theneone2 wholes,wifh 3 fifths left oven
cn
^.o
o
v , z9J
5 ri.o fho
r r 1 9 "^-o
Jur/rsu
- - - - T - - - - r
t
t
.
r

l
l
l
t

Thereare5 fifthsin 1 wholeand 10fifthsin

Thereare 2 wholes,with 3 fifths left over.

5o 2t isthesameas+.

292

fJ
5,

ro d so r co l o u re dstri p swhentheyhelp.
U s eC u i s e n ai re
1. Writean improperfractionand a mixednumberto describeeachpicture.

eachnumber.
Drawa pictureto represent

a)1;

bt13

"tI

dt|

W r i t ee a c hmi xe dn u mb e ra sa n i mpr operfr action.

al1+

bt4+

c)1f

d3+

e )8+

n7+

e )20
3

n+

+. Writeeachimproperfractionasa mixednumber.

^t+

bt?;

.)lf,

d+

Whichof theseimproperfractionsare between4 and 5?

How do you know?

.t3
f't

i
g*

b)+

"tl

d)1i

6. Maxbaked5 piesfor the bakesale.

H e c u t ea chp i e i n to8 e q u a lsl i ces.
ln the first30 min of the bakesale,
M a xs o l d1 9sl i ce so f p i e .
a ) H o w ma n yp i e sd i d Ma xse l li n that tim e?
Giveyour answer2 ways.
b) How manypiesare left?Giveyour answer2 ways.
7. Supposeyou get zeroasthe remainderwhen you divide
the numeratorof an improperfractionby the denominator.
Whatdoesthat tell you?
U s ed r a w i n g sa n d w o rd sto e xp l a i n.
Number Strategies

What is the differencebetweena mixednumber

and an improperfraction?
Describehow to renamean improperfraction
asa mixednumber.Usean exampleto explain.

AsstssmenrFocus

Question
6

factorsof
Findthecommon
in eachset.
thenumbers
. 6 ,1 2 , 3 0
.15,20,75
. 14,42,63

Unit8 Lesson2 293

Kendawatcheda TVprogram
for tl h.
Garnetwatched5 half-hour
programs.
Whowatched
TVfor a longertime?

. . . .r . . f. f i
Youwill needCuisenaire
rodsor stripsof colouredpaper.
Dusanand Sashasoldchocolatebarsasa fundraiser
for their choir.
Thebarswerepackagedin cartons,but soldindividually.
Dusansold2] cartons.SashasoldI cartons.
Who soldmorechocolatebars?
UseCuisenaire
rodsto find out.

xJ{A
,^(i

Show and Share

Shareyour solutionwith anotherpairof students.
How did you decidewhich rodsto useto represent
one whole,
one-third,
and one-half?
How did you find out which numberwasgreater?
Tryto find a way to compare2l andt without usingrods.

FOCUs I Comporeond ordermixednumbers

ond froctions.

andordermixednumbers
Herearesomewaysto compare
fractions.
andimproper
}

Toorder2+,+,and $ fromleastto greatest:

Usenumberlines.
2 2 i

+2

3
3

isf, 2+,+.
Theorderfromleastto greatest
I cooldwnitef, crs1f,
1{ ondlf
ondcornpone

) Tocompare
l!andf,:
fraction.
WritetJ asan improper
Drawa diagram.
Dividethewholeto showthirds.

porfs oneegttol.
Thewholenumben
So J needto cornponefhe
fnocfionponfs.
Dnowondcolouncincles
fo nepnesent
I ondl .

1 wholeis the sameas 3 thirds.

3 t h i r d sa nd 2 th i rd si s 5 th i rd s,o r f.

Fromthe dnowings,
i . i
thot l? < i?.
Thismeons

Writeeachimproperfractionas
an equivalentfractionwith the samedenominator.
s f 3 : 3 , 6 , 9 , 1 2 , ...
L i s tt h e m u l ti p l e o
s f 4 : 4 , 8 , 1 2 , ...
L i s tt h e m u l ti p l e o
1 2 i s a c o mmo nmu l ti p l eo f 3 a n d4.

fraction
Findan equivalent
for I with twelfths:
/
5
3

.'-X4---.
\
2
0
- 1 2

/'-t3\
7
2
4

'

\*s/

\tol
-

)o

. ?'l

Lomparei;- andfr:
fn

Findan equivalentfraction
for * with twelfths:

11

-l

fr<ii,so1f<f,

1
1

so,I!< !

oo

Usematerials
to help.
1. Findequivalentimproperfractionsso the fractionsin eachpair
havethe samedenominator.
Thencomparethe fractions.
U s et h e symb o l s), 1 ,o r :.

a )$ a n d f ;

b )+ a n d $

d)+andfr

et3and8

and1rz
"l +
lea

fl

andf

2. Use1-cmgridpaper.
Drawthree12-cmnumberlineslikethe one below.

Showquarters
on oneline.
Showhalves
on anotherline.
Showeighthson thethirdline.
Usethe numberlinesto orderthesenumbersfromgreatest
to least.
7 23 {3
2t

8t

14

Use1-cmgrid paper.
Drawthree 12-cmnumberlineslikethe one below.

Usethe numberlinesto orderthesenumbers

fromgreatest
to least.

ZI,!, IZ
C o p ya n d co mp l e teWri
. te),1 ,o r :.
a) 6 L-.1*
l-3-Tr r 1
-n
u ,
1 0 " 1 5

b)+tr+
"t +!6+

ct ztnl
f) 3*n3+

5. Orderthe numbersin eachset from leastto greatest.

Showhow you did it.

at l, $, tf,
296

bt 11,+,I

.l i .i*,t

d)a+,2+,Z
Unit8 Lesson
3

Hisasaysthat $ is greaterthan Sf. ls shecorrect?

n u mb e rs,
a n d w o rd sto explain.
U s ep i c t ure s,
HoseahasJ cupsof flour.
Doeshe haveenoughflourfor a recipethat callsfor 4l cupsof flour?
How do you know?
Adrielwatcheda r*-h movieon TV.
Nadirwatched3 half-hoursitcoms.
Who watchedmoreTV?
game,the teamshad a pizzaparty.
Aftera basketball
ate fr.
Barracudas
TheJetsate 3] pizzas.The
Whichteamate morepizza?
-n

Cs

sale.
1o. Amrita,Pan,and Corabakedpiesfor the fund-raising
Amritacut her piesinto sixths.
Pa nc u t h i sp i e si n to e i g h th s.
C o r acu t h e r p i e si n toq u a rte r s.
Amritasoldf; pies,Pansold1f,pies,and CorasoldI pies.
Who soldthe most pies?Thefewestpies?
Showhow you know.

11, F l o r e n ce
an d h e rfri e n dR a fa ebl u ildand r acemodelcar s.

Florence's
carcompleted2] lapsof a trackin 1 min.
Rafael's
carcompleted3 lapsof the trackin the sametime.
Whosecarwasfaster?How do you know?

Mental Math
ofeachnumber.
Find5 multiples
C Q ,

Describe
3 waysto compareimproper
fractionsand mixednumbers.
to explain.
Useexamples
Whichway do you prefer?Why?

Assrssalrrur
Focus

Questionl0

o J
o $

. 11
.12

UnitSLesson3 297

Thinkaboutallthe partsusedto buildsomething,

suchasa caror a
bicycle.Eachpartmustbe produced.
Thenallthe partsare
assembled
to buildthefinishedproduct.
A machinist
usestools,suchaslathes,
millingmachines,
and
machining
centres.Heproduces
metalpartswith precise
dimensions.The
machinist
reviews
drawings
or written
specifications
plans
to calculate
the dimensions.
Thenhe carefully
whereto cutor drilltomakethe part.Thedimensions
of the parts
mustbe veryprecise.
Sometimes
the dimensions
of the partsmust
be accurate
to the nearest
fr mm!
Themachinist
monitors
thetemperature
of the partasit is
produced.
Changes
in temperature
causemetalto expandor
contract.
Thiscanaffectthe dimensions
of the finishedpart.The
machinist
alsolistens
for sounds
thatindicate
theremaybe a
problem,
suchasa dullcuttingtoolor too muchvibration.
Afterthe parthasbeenmade,the machinist
carefully
measures
it andchecks
hisworkagainst
the specifications.

Youcanusea calculator
to writea fractionor a mixednumber
asa decimal.
)

Write$ asa decimal.

division.
Recall
that a fractionrepresents
Press:
9 E 8 E to display1.125

Writelf asa decimal.

Hereare2 waysto writelfr asa decimal.
' l ia- m e a n s+l, 87.
0.875
Press:
7 A 8 E to display
Firstchange{ to a decimal.
T h e na d d 1 .

Press:
E t E to display1.875
1i:1'8ls
. First,
fraction.
changet{ to an improper
Onewholeisthe sameas8 eighths.
or f
8 eighths+ 7 eighths: 15eighths,
Then,changef to a decimal.

1.875
Press:
15E 8 E to display

1tr:1.8ts

ilffi...............................
Predictwhat2tr,ZI, and 15{ wouldbe whenwrittenasdecimals.
Checkyourpredictions.
2. al Writeeachfractionasa decimal:+, i, +, +

b) Lookat youranswers
to parta.
one?
the preceding
Howmuchgreateriseachdecimalthan
Usethe patternto predictwhatf andf wouldbe
Checkyourpredictions.
whenwrittenasdecimals.
3. Writeeachmixednumberasa decimal.

a) a]

b) 1i

cl lfi

dt 12+

to decimols'
to convertmixednumbers
I Useo colculqtor

el 2fr
Unit8

299

Maryand Johneachate
2 piecesof pie.
How muchdid they eat
betweenthem?

Youwill need PatternBlocksand

triangulargrid paper.
Theyellowhexagonrepresents
one whole.
)

Estimate
the sum of the fractions
in eachpair.
UsePatternBlocksto find eachsum.
' f , 2

6-r6

' l ' 3
2-t-6
. | , 4
3 - r 6

'

l r l
3 ' 2
1 ' 4

z-r6

Usetriangulargrid paper.
Sketchthe blocksyou usedto find eachsum.
Writethe sum undereachsketch.

Show and Share

Shareyour estimates
and solutionswith
anotherpairof students.
Whatstrategies
did you useto estimateeachsum?
How did you usePatternBlocksto find eachsum?
Whichsumscan be writtenin morethan one way?
How did you decidewhichway to writethesesums?

-,r.-+.1

3OO #iltifiosOt'l Focus I Usemoteriols

to odd froctions.
i=iil1.l'l

ill

r a a t a a a a r a a a a a a a a a a a a a l a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o a a a t a a o a a a a a a a a a a a

Zackand Ronnyeachbought a smallpizzaat the PizzawayShop.

Zackate f of his pizzaandRonnyate { of his.
How much pizzadid Zackand Ronnyeattogether?

Add:f+{
Hereisonewayto addf and{.
Firstestimate:
{ iscloseto 1.

S o , ] + { i s a b o u t ri +: 1 + .
S i n c et . l , t h e ni * t i s a l i t t l el e s s
t h a n1 ] .
UseFractionCirclesto modelf and {.

Useeigthsto fill the fractioncirclefor |.

Take2 eighthsfrom {.
Putthem with the ] to make1 whole.
Thatleaves5 eighths.

1 w h o l ea n d 5 e i g h th se q u a l s1 a n d 5 eighths.

so,] + ! : l* n-

Thisis anaddition
sentenee.

t f i s c l o s et o 1 f.
So,the answeris reasonable.
Together,Zackand Ronnyate 1* pizzas.

Lesson
4

30l

Youmay usePatternBlocksor FractionCircles.

"= ffi "8.O oO.D

1. Writean additionsentencefor the shadedpart of eachpicture.

2. Estimate.
Usea numberline.
lseachsumgreater
than1 or lessthan1?
How do you know?

" tI + 1

bt+++

.r*+1

o tf r + f

3. Add.

" r3 + *
e tf + ]

bt+++
fi+++

s) 8

c) 2 - r 3

d )t + +
ht+++

giveyour answersin simplestform for questions4 to 9.

Wherepossible,
4. Parkereats* of a sandwichfor lunch
and ] of a sandwichafterschool.
How manysandwiches
doesParkereat in all?
Usepictures,
words,or symbolsto explainyour answer.

Music
Musicalnotesarenamed
for fractions.
Thetypeof noteshowsa musician
howlongto playthenote.In math
two halvesmakea whole- in music
two halfnotesmakea wholenote!

302

4
Unit8 Lesson

Nimmispends] h practisingthe bassooneachday.

the guitar.
Shealsospendsf h practising
H o w m u c hti me d o e sN i mmisp e n deachday
practisingher instruments?
6. Leroy'sparrotlovesoranges.

It eats] of an orangewith breakfast

a n d] o f a n o ra n g efo r l u n ch .
How muchorangedoesthe parroteat in all?
On Saturday,
Robertaswamfor f n in the morning
and for ] fr in the afternoon.
How manyhoursdid Robertaswimthat day?
8. How manydifferentwayscanyou add

3*Zt
Drawdiagramsto helpyou explaineachway.
9. Eachguestat Tai'sbirthdaypartybroughtone gift.

The graph showsthe giftsthat Taireceived.

Tai's BirthdayGifts

Boaks
1
5

Y'
n

a) Whatfractionof the gifts were:

. puzzles
. toys or books?
or toys?
. gamesor puzzles? . booksor games?
bl Which2 typesof giftsrepresent
f of all the gifts?
Explainhow you know.
Galculator Skills

how canyou tell

Beforeyou add 2 fractions,
if theirsumisgreater
thanor lessthan1?
Useexamples
in yourexplanation.

8
Focus I Question

Describe
3 waysto find
thequotientof 196+ 4

theE trv.
without
using

UnitSLesson4 3O3

. . . . r. .w
Youwill needFractionCircles.
Usethe FractionCirclepieces
to explorewaysto subtract
the fractionsin eachpair.
Recordyour work.
5 - E2
8
'I

----T

5
6 -

2
3

4-4
4-E

-2
- ; 41
5

Show and Share

Shareyour solutionswith anotherpairof students.
Showhow you usedthe FractionCirclepieces
to find the differences.

t a a a a a a a t a a a a a a r : a a a a a a r t a a a a a a a a a a a a l a a a a a a J a a a a a a f

ZenaandBetheachcoloured
a spinner.
j of hers.
Zenacoloured
J of herspinnerandBethcoloured
Howmuchmoreof herspinner
did ZenacolourthanBeth?

Subtract:
+- +

Hereisonewayto find+ - +
. Firstestimate:
j and1.
J isbetween
So,3- ] islessthan].

Focus I Usemoieriqlsto subtroctfrqctions.

a a a a a

ModelJ with
Circlepieces.
Fraction

This sector
represents
the ditference

Placettrej pieceover
tftef piece.

ot-!-anc-|.

Finda Fraction
Circlepiece
equalto the difference.

isf.
Thedifference

- +: +
so,3
ZenacolouredI moreof her spinnerthan Bethcolouredof hers.

UseFractionCircles.
1. Estimate.
Usea numberline.
ls eachdifferencelessthan ] or greaterthan +?
How do you know?

"l *-1

. r* - *

d 1 - *

b l E5 - E3

d*-+

d)+-+

r ) 1r

gt1-1

b )67

'

- E

2. Subtract.

"t 1-1

" r* - *

_ i3

h )* - +

Unit8 Lesson5 3O5

3. Samhasthe leadrolein the schoolplay.

He stillhasto memorize] of hislines.

SupposeSammemorizes
J of his linestoday.
Whatfractionof hislineswill he haveleft to memorize?
Freidahadf of a bottleof gingerale.
Sheneeds] of a bottleof gingeralefor herfruit punch.
How muchwill be left in the bottle
afterFreidamakesthe punch?
5. Selenahadf of a pageof math homeworkto do.

Shedid J of a pageaftersupper.
How much math homeworkdoesSelenahaveleftto do?
6. Ayalis preparingfor a SocialStudiestest.
He studiedf of the materialon Monday

and] of the material

onTuesday.
Ayalsayshe hasjustJ of the material
leftto study.
lsAyalcorrect?Howdo you know?
7. Suppose
Hectorpractised
theviolinforf h

practised
andJoanna
forI h.
a) Whopractised
more?
bl Whatfractionof an hourmore?
Explain
howyou know.
The differenceof two fractionsis J.
a) Whatmight the fractionsbe?
b) How manypairsof fractionscanyou find?
9. The sum of two fractionsis f.

Oneof the fractionsis ].

Whatis the otherfraction?
Numbers Every Day

Howis subtracting
two fractions
the sameasaddingtwo fractions?
Howis it different?

Focus I Question
6

Findeachproduct.
24xg
12x18
6x36

Unit8 Lesson
5

Yourteacherwill giveyou a setof gamecards.

Theobjectof the gameis to find the most pairs
of gamecardswith equivalentexpressions.
)

Shufflethe gamecards.
Arrangecards,facedown,in 4 rowsof 5 cards.

Player1 turnsovertwo cards.

Player1 keepsthe cards.
areequivalent,
lf the expressions
turn both cardsfacedown again.
arenot equivalent,
lf the expressions

Pl a y e2r h a sa tu rn .

Continueto playuntilall the cardshavegone.

The playerwith morecardswins.

f**@ooed
'weFeRW0

Whatdoes"9 out of 10 dogs"mean?

.r.r....
A groupof studentswasplanning
a trip to GrosMorneNationalPark
in Newfoundland.
The studentswere surveyed
to find out which attraction
they would most liketo visit.

LobsterCove Head Lighthouse

TablelandsHikingTrail

WesternBrookPondBoatTour
BroomPointFishingStation

Thetableshowsthe resultsof
the survey.
How manystudentsarein the group?
Whatfractionof the studentschose
eachattraction?

Show and Share

Shareyour resultswith anotherpairof classmates.
How did you find the numberof studentsin the group?
How elsecouldyou nameeachfraction?
Whatfractionof the studentsdid not choosethe boattour?
Explain.

FOCUS I Useo percentto express

o quontitylessthonor equolto 1.

l uar es.
T h i sh u n d r e dthgs ri d h a s1 0 0sma l sq
1 whole.
Thegrid represents

Eachsquarerepresents
fm of the grid.
Forty-fivesquaresare green.
Fifty-fivesquarsare blue.

Hereare4 waysto describethe greenpart of the grid.

)

Comparethe numberof greensquaresto the

total numberof squares:
45 out of 100squaresaregreen.

Writea fraction.
# of the grid is green.

Writea decimal.
0.45of the grid is green.

Writea percent. Usethe percentsymbol,o/o.

45o/o
of the grid is green.

Hereare4 waysto describethe bluepart

of the grid.
)

Comparethe numberof bluesquaresto the

total numberof squares:
5 5 o u t o f 1 0 0sq u a reas reb l u e .

Writea fraction.
# o f t h e g ri d i s b l u e .

Writea decimal.
0 . 5 5o f t h e g ri d i s b l u e .

Writea percent.
of the grid is blue.
55o/o

Yooneod{5%os {5 pencent
Pencenfmeons"penhondned"
on "out of 100."

UnitS Lesson6 3O9

1. Writea fractionwith hundredths,

a decimal,and a percent
to namethe shadedpart of eachgrid.
a)

b)

c)

Writea fractionwith hundredths,

a decimal,and a percent
to namethe unshadedpart of eachgrid in question1.
3. Foreachgrid in question1,add the percentsyou used
to namethe shadedand unshadedparts.
Whatdo you notice?Whydo you think this happens?
Estimate
the percentof eachgrid that is shaded.
Thencountthe squaresto check.
a)

c)

b)

Coloura hundredthsgrid to showeachpercent.

Thenwriteeachpercentasa decimal.
al 84o/o

bl 17o/o

cl 25o/o

dl 100o/o

6. a) Usea hundredthsgrid.Colour20o/o
red,
green,and 23o/o
yellow.
130loblue,320lo
b) Writea fractionto describethe part
of the grid that is eachcolour.
c) Writea decimaland a percentto describe
the part of the grid that is not coloured.
7. a) Usea hundredthsgrid.
Choosea differentcolourfor each
attractionin Explore.
Coloura sectionof the grid to showthe
numberof studentswho chosethat attraction.
bl Writea percentto describeeachsection
of the grid in part a.

3to

Number Strategies
eachnumber
to the
Round
nearest
tenthandto the
nearest
wholenumber.
. 0.078
. 0.507
. 4.999
.'12.125
. 45.986

Unit8 Lesson
6

Thenwriteasa decimal.
8. Writeasa percent.
al 64 out of 100

b)#

c ) 1o u t o f 1 0 0

d)+t

Thenwrite asa decimal.

9. Writeeachpercentasa fractionwith hundredths.
dl 640/o
c) 79o/o
bl 5o/o
al 13o/o
percentof Earth'swater is saltwater.
10. Ninety-seven
What percentis freshwater?
How do you know?
11. The graphshowsthe water contentsof somefoods.

WaterContentsof SomeFoods
c
o
c

5O7o

o
(E

=
Watermelon

Food

a) About what percentof eachfood is water?

b) About what percentof eachfood is not water?
c) Writeeachpercentin the graphas a fraction.
12. Janetteboughta portableCD playeron sale.
Theregularpricewas5100.ShewaschargedS89.
a) What percentof the regularpricedid Janettepay?
b) What percentof the regularpricedid shereceive
a sa d i sco u n t?
t3. Salvosaidthat of the 100studentsin the choir,
areboys.
620/o
aregirlsand 48o/o
lsthis possible?
How do you know?

Whatdoespercentmean?
Usewordsandpictures
to explain.

l3
Atstssmrtr Focus I Question

Percents
areoftenusedto describe
someflyers
Lookthrough
discounts.
yourfamily
inthemail.
receives
percents
yousee
List3 different
0rder
offered
asdiscounts. the
percents
to least.
fromgreatest
Whichisthebestdiscount?
6
Unit8 Lesson

3l

Decimals,
RelatingFractions,
and Percents

lVashrooms

Thisis a floor planfor a daycarecentre.

How canyou describeeachpart
of the floor plan?

Stotag

Ouiet Boon
Hallway

off rce"

Kitchen
Play Room
Lunch
Room

Youwill needa 10-cmby 10-cmgrid.

L Designa floor planfor an apartmentunit.
Yo u rp l ansh o u l di n cl u d e :
' 2 bedrooms
. a kitchenand diningarea
. a livingroom
. a bathroom
. a laundryroom
The livingroom shouldbe the largestspace.
T h ek i t c h e na n d d i n i n ga re ash ouldbe L- shaped.
One bedroomshouldbe largerthan the other.
The laundryroom shouldbe the smallestspace.
)

Beccdseof plccevcrlue,
I know I conwnite
c fnociiorlikellf os
on 0.15.
15hondnedths,

eachpart of yourfloor planasa fraction,

Describe
a decimal,and a percent.

Share
Show ir$$'l:**l
Shareyourfloor planwith anotherpairof students.
How areyour floor plansalike?How arethey different?
you usedto describe
Comparethe strategies
eachpart of the plan 3 ways.
312

Lrssott Focus

to froctionsond decimols
Relotepercents

K
?:'

Fractions,
decimals,
and percentsare3 waysto describe
partsof one whole.
A fractioncan be writtenasa decimalor a percent.
A decimalcan be writtenasa fractionor a percent.
A percentcan be writtenasa fractionor a decimal.

,/r*\

/ffi\

, z f f f i \
|ffi

/ffi\

0.45

45%

Youcan usea percentto describeany part of one whole.

L Whatpercentof thisfigureis shaded?

] of the figureis shaded.

Percentmeans'butof 100,"so we need
to write an equivalentfractionwith hundredths.
/,-

X25\

+ : #:2So/o
\r.zsl

ffi is tnesameas0.25.
So,0.25of thefigure
is shaded.

25o/o
of the figureis shaded.
)

Whatpercentof thesecountersareyellow?

GGGGCC
GGGGGG
areyellow.
# ,o, ] of the counters
fractionwith hundredths.
Writean equivalent
,-'50\

+ : #:5oozo
\*sol

ffi is tnesameas0.50.
So,0.50of thecounters
are yellow.

50o/o
of the countersareyellow.

Z
UnitS Lesson

31 3

1. UseBaseTenBlocksor shadea hundredthsgrid

to representeachfraction.
Writeeachfractionasa percentand asa decimal.
.) ,oo

d+

bl ,*q

n+

ct#

d t 130

st+

h )43

UseBaseTenBlocksor shadea hundredthsgrid

to represent
eachdecimal.
Writeeachdecimalas a fractionand as a percent.
Writeeachfractionin simplestform.
al 0.97
b) 0.03
c) 0.16
d) 0.5
UseBaseTenBlocksor shadea hundredthsgrid
to representeachpercent.
Writeeachpercentasa fractionand asa decimal.
Writeeachfractionin simplestform.
al 14o/o

bl 99o/o

cl 25o/o

d)

4. Whatpercentof eachwholeis shaded?

How do you know?

b l A

c)

A
Whatpercentof eachsetis shaded?
Howdo you know?

" )o o o o o
ooooo

b )O O O O O O

oooooo
oooooo
oooooo

c )n r I I I

nnnrr
nnnnr
nntrtrr
NTXTT

ls eachfractiongreaterthan or lessthan 50o/o?

Explainhow you know.
2
1l
b)4
c)2s
dl*
o*
Luisuseda calculator
to find a decimal
percent
and a
equalto ].
How might Luishavedonethis?

3t4

Unit8 Lesson
7

tg

8. Usethe datain the table.

ls eachstatementtrue or false?
Explainhow you know.
of the audiencewereadults
a) Morethan 500/o
o r s e n i o rs.
b) Of the audience,
# werechildrenor teens.
wer eadults.
c ) M o r eth a n* o f th e a u d i e n ce
d) Lessthan 0.5of the audiencewere
t e e n so r a d u l ts.

Membersof the Audience

AgeGroup

Percent

Children

137o

Teens

4SYo

Adults

34%
8%

Seniors

M o n i c am a d eth i so b j e ctfro m S n apCubes.

Monicamade9 moreobjectsjust likethis one.
Sh el a i dt h e m o n e n e xtto th e o th er
to form a square.
M o n i c as ai dsh eco u l du seth e sq uar e
to writea percentand a decimalfor -,,$
and for fi. tsshecorrect?
Ex p l a i n .
R a v gi o t 1 8o u t o f 2 0 o n a ma thq uiz.
on the quiz.
Karligot 850/o
Whosemarkwasgreater?Explain.
11. Whichis least?Whichis greatest?

How do you know?

1oo/o +

o.o1

12. Writea percentthat represents:

a) a very littleof something

b ) a l m o sta l lo f so me th i n g
c ) a l i t t l emo reth a nf o f so me thing
d) between0.25and 0.50of something
How did you chooseeachpercent?
NumberStrategies
of
factors
Listalltheprime
eachnum ber .
decimals,
and percentsalike?
How arefractions,
How arethey different?
Useexamplesin your explanations.

AssrssmrNr Focus

B
Question

. 1000
.64
.72
. 18

Unit8Lesson7 3l5

Estimatingand Findinga Percent

Whichnumberbestrepresents
the shadedpart of thisfigure:

+,+,1,+,1,
], or1?

Youwill needa transparency

of a FractionCirclewith tenths.
Yourteacherwill giveyou a largecopyof thesecircles.

Estimate
the percentof eachcirclethat is shaded.
Recordyour estimates.
Placethe transparency
overeachcircle
to checkyour estimates.
Eightystudentsweresurveyed
abouttheirfavouritesportto play.
T h er e s u l ts
a resh o w ni n th e ci rclegr aph.
Estimate
the percentof students
who saidhockeywastheirfavourite.
..';{i
S h OW ;,,4fTr
S h a re
Shareyour resultswith anotherpairof
students.Usethe percentsto estimatethe
numberof studentswho choseeachsport.
How do you knowyour answers
a r er e a s o n a b l e ?

,,0

31 6

Lrssor*
Focus

Esiimoteond find o percentof o regionond of o number.

a a a a a a a a a a a a a a t a a a a a a a a a a a a a l a a a a a a a a a a a a a " " " " " " " '

amongfractions,
Youcanusethe relationships
to solvepercentproblems.
decimals,
andpercents
)

of 197sportsbobbleheads.
Sylviehasa collection
of themarehockeyplayers.
About25o/o
the numberof bobbleheads
Estimate
that arehockeyplayers.
Round197to200.
of 200.
Find25o/o

25o1o:
ffi
200.
fractionwithdenominator
Findan equivalent
,Z-t2\
25
100
,

\xzl

50
200
1

of 200 : 50
So,25o/o
25o/o
of 197is about 50.
About 50 of the bobbleheadsare hockeyplayers.

14of themtakethe schoolbus.

class,
> Of the 30 studentsin Larry's
who takethe schoolbus.
Estimate
the percentof the students
1sis] of 30.
5o,14isalmost] of 30.
of 100."
means'but
Percent
100.
fractionwith denominator
So,find an equivalent
7x501

\rso /

ft, or50yo

of the students
Almost50o/o
takethe schoolbus.

UnitS LessonS 317

J a c ye a r n e dS 1 5 0sh o ve l l i nsn
g ow.
He used40o/o
of his moneyto buy a CD player.
How muchdid the CD playercost?
The CD playercost40o/o
of $150.
Hereare 2 waysto find 40o/o
of 5t SO.

: #, or #
40o/o

: #, or#
4Oo/o

TofindS of f 50,findan equivalent

fractionwithdenominator
150.

fiof15o:f#:15

7xt51

4
10

S o , # o1
f 50:4 X 15
:60
TheCDplayercost560.

0
150

\xtsl

So,40o/o
of 150 : 60
TheCD playercost$60.

1. Estimate
the percentof eachfigurethat is shaded.
Showhow you did it.
b)

a)

c)

2. al Whatpercentof the countersaregreen?

b) Whatpercentareyellow?

oo ooo o o o
o o oo o o o o
Estimate.
al 9o/oof 80
d) 100/o
of 62

b) 51o/oof 140
el 75o/oof 104

cl 19o/o
of 75
il 25o/oof 47

F i n de a c ha mo u n t.
al 50o/o
of 20
bl 25o/o
of 60
dl 75o/oof 200
e) 50oloof 400

cl 100/oof 80

318

f) 25o/oof 58

Unit8 Lesson
8

5. Tabithadid a survey.

take musiclessons.
Shefoundthat 6 out of her 23 classmates
classmates
a) Estimatethe percentof Tabitha's
who takemusiclessons.
Explainyour estimationstrategy.
the percentwho do not takemusiclessons.
b) Estimate
6. Shaniawrotea multiplechoicetestwith 24 questions.
How manyquestionsdoesshe needto answercorrectly
to score75o/o?
Explainhow you know.
Mayumihad 60 sportscards.
of them to Charlie.
Shegave30o/o
How manycardsdoesMayumihaveleft?
hockeyteam scored12 goals.
8. Ramon's
of the goals.
Ramonscored25o/o
How manygoalsdid Ramonscore?
9. Abeni received$SOfor her birthday.

of the moneyon a CD.

Shespent30o/o
Doesshehaveenoughmoneyleftto buy a computergame
that costsS30includingtax? How do you know?
10. Tenpercentof 300 is 30.

of 300?
How could you find 90olo
a) Josefgot 45 out of 100on a math quiz.
What percentis that?
on a true/falsesciencequiz.
bl Josefgot 80olo
He got 20 questionsright.
How manyquestionswereon the test?

Mental Math
fact
Usethemultiplication
:
25x 25 625to helpyou
findeachproduct.

Createyourown problemthat involvesa percent.

Solvethe problem.Showyourwork.

6
AssrssmrnrFocus I Question

.26x25
.25X21
.24x26
.25x50

S
UnitS Lesson

31 9

ExploringRatios

On her bird-watching
expedition,
Cassie
spotted6 yellow-bellied
sapsuckers
and 3 Baltimoreoriolessittingon a fence.

K
{dtridd;*td,*t***at*!!;rh&ii{tqr;

HerearesomewaysCassie
comparedthe birdsshesaw.
. The numberof sapsuckers
comparedto the numberof orioles:
6 sapsuckers
to 3 orioles
' T h en u m be ro f sa p su cke co
rs mp ar edto the numberof bir ds:
6 sapsuckers
to 9 birds
Cassie
couldalsohavecomparedthe birdsusingfractions.
Whatfractionof the birdsweresapsuckers?
Orioles?

Youwill needtwelve2-colourcounters
a n d a p a p e rcu p .
)

Puttwelve2-colourcountersin the cup.

S h a k et h e cu p a n d sp i l lth e co u n ter s
onto the table.
Comparethe countersin as manyways
a sy o u c an .R e co rd
e a chco mp a r ison.

Show

n i # $ :qS,flh$a:re

Sh a r ey o u rr e su l ts
w i th a n o th e rp a i rof students.
I n w h i c hr e su l d
t i d yo u co mp a reo n e par t
o f t h e s e tt o a n o th e rp a rto fth e se t?
I n w h i c hr e su l d
t i d yo u co mp a reo n e par t
of the setto the wholeset?
32O

Lrssott Focus

Userqtiosto mokeport-to-port
ond port-to-whole
comporisons.

Mahithas4 brown rabbitsand 5 white rabbits.

of 2 quantitieswith the sameunit.

A ratio is a comparison
Youcan useratiosto comPare
the numbersof brownand
white rabbits.
The ratioof brown rabbitsto
white rabbitsis 4 to 5.
The ratio4 to 5 is writtenas4:5.

Youcanalsocomparethe Parts
to the whole.
Hereare someother ratiosyou can use
to comparethe rabbits:
brown rabbitsto all the rabbits:

The ratioof white rabbitsto

b r o w nr a b b i tsi s 5 to 4 ,o r 5 :4 .
white rabbitsto brownrabbits:

4ro9or 4;Sor $
ratio.
Thisisa part-to-whole
white rabbitsto all the rabbits:
5to4 or 5:4
Theseare part-to-partratios.
The numbers4 and 5 arethe
terms of the ratio.
Orderis importantin a ratio.
5 to 4 is not the sameas4 to 5.

5to9 or 5:9orI
ratio.
Thisisa part-to-whole
A ratiothat comPares
a part of a set to the wholeset is a fraction'
When we read a ratio like $,
we say'Tourto nine."
UnitS Lessong 321

1. Writeeachratio2 ways.
a) applesto pears

*d

ltll
b) capsto scarves

&3333

WWWWWffi
rosesto daisies

&

2. Writea ratioto showthe numbersof:

a)
b)
c)
d)

ladybugsto ants
antsto ladybugs
ladybugsto insects
antsto insects

fitfi,#,$',T,h,S,S,t

Writeeachratio in as manywaysasyou can.

al red marblesto greenmarbles
b) greenmarblesto all the marbles
c) greenmarblesto red marbles
d) red marblesto allthe marbles
Ms.Zsabohas13 girlsand 11 boysin her class.
Writeeachratio.
a) girlsto boys
b) boysto girls
c) boysto students d) girlsto students

ffii

Whatis beingcomparedin eachratio?

a) 3:4
bt+
c) 3to7
dl 4:3

IJJ
322

'*-rhq,

i*-r\.Ln-,

Jf*.- .tf*;- .
l

fu\*,

LLo.

s*L

Unit8 Lesson
9

theratio3:5.
to illustrate
6. Draw2 diagrams
eachdiagram.
Explain
Write4 differentratiosfor thispicture.
whateachratiocompares.
Explain

oXX
oX
Writea ratioto showthe numbersof:
a) trianglesto squares
b) squaresto rectangles
c) trianglesto all figures
d) red figuresto yellowfigures
e) yellowtrianglesto yellowrectangles
f) red trianglesto yellowsquares

4ffi

s,

^t

l_

I-

m rn

9. Writeas manyratiosasyou canfor the trailmix recipe.

Explainwhat eachratiocompares.

rB4+MrI- - -F
1 icoJProisins
nuts
3 scoops
driedPoPaYs
2 scooPs
seeds
sunflower
1 scooP

10. Describehow you wouldfind the ratioof students

to teachersin your school.

Namethe two typesof ratios.

Givean exampleof eachtype.
Drawdiagramsto illustrateyour examples.

9
Focus I Question

CalculatorSkills
witha
Findtwonumbers
a product
sumof 12.2and
of34.65.

Unit8 Lessong 323

Howmanydifferentwayscanyouwriteeachratio?
redsquares:
bluesquares
: allsquares
redsquares
allsquares
bluesquares:

Show and Share

Compareyour ratioswith thoseof another
pairof classmates.
Whatpatternsdo you seein the ratios?
Tryto write more ratiosthat extendeachpattern.

Kimis plantinga borderin her garden.

Sheplants5 marigoldsfor every3 geraniums.
is 5 :3.
s g e ra n i u ms
T h er a t i oo f ma ri g o l dto
How manygeraniumswould Kim plantfor eachnumberof marigolds?
15

10

20

In eachcase,what is the ratioof marigoldsto geraniums?

Hereare 2waysto solvethe problem.
the plants.
D Youcan useColourTilesto represent
Useyellowtilesto representmarigolds.
geraniums.
Usered tilesto represent
. Startwith 10
yellowtiles.
'vvsrrvvvl
r'sJ'
-rJtvv'."
Cft,inr.) Forevery5 yellowtiles,you need 3 red tiles.
\'"'"/
Arrangeyouryellowtilesinto groupsof 5 tiles.
Youcan make2 groups.
So,you need2 groupsof 3 redtiles.

3.24

.'l

lttto*

rotios.
Focus I Solveproblemsinvolvingequivolent

mnmmm
[l
]
I I rL| | [l
I

rll

Thatmakesa total of 6 red tiles.

6 geraniums.
Theserepresent
is 10 :6.
s g e ra n iums
T h er a ti oo f ma ri g o l dto
Add a groupof 5 yellowtiles.
Younow have15yellowtiles.
Add anothergroupof 3 redtiles.
You now have9 red tiles.
9 geraniums.
Theserepresent
The ratioof marigoldsto geraniumsis 15 :9.
Add a groupof 5 yellowtiles.
Younow have20 yellowtiles.
Add anothergroupof 3 redtiles.
Younow have12 redtiles.
T h e s er e p re se n1t 2g e ra n i u ms.
The ratioof marigoldsto geraniumsis 20:12.

n n n n il
n n il n n
nnnnn
TI I
I I T

nnnnn
n n il n n
nnnnn
nnnnn
I I I
I T T

Youcanusea tableand patternsto find the ratios.

Thereare5 marigoldsfor every3 geraniums.
by 2.
mu l ti p l y5 mar igolds
T o g e t 1 0 ma ri g o l d s,
b y 2 to g et 6 ger anium s.
S o ,m u l t i p l y3 g e ra n i u ms
multiply5 marigoldsby 3.
To get 15 marigolds,
So,multiply3 geraniumsby 3 to get 9 geraniums.
multiply5 marigoldsby 4.
To get 20 marigolds,
b y 4 to g et 12 ger aniums.
So ,m u l t i pl y3 g e ra n i u ms
s i th 6 g er anium s
K i mp l a n ts:1 0 ma ri g o l dw
1 5 ma ri g o l dw
s i th 9 g er anium s
2 0 ma ri g o l dw
s i th 1 2ger anium s

I lt

T I T
I I I

Marigolds Geraniums Ratio

5

5:3

10

10:6

15

15:9

20

12

2O :12

column
inthe Mcrnigolds
of 5.
onernultiples
infhe
Thenurnbens
coldrnn
one
Genoniorns

of 3.
rnultiples

The ratiosof marigoldsto geraniumsare:

10:6,15:9,and20:12
Ea c hr a t i oi s e q u a lto 5 :3 .
Because
the ratiosareequal,wesaythat
5 : 3 ,1 0: 6,1 5:9 ,a n d 2 0 :1 2a ree q uivalentr atios.

10
Unit8 Lesson

325

1. Write2 equivalentratiosfor eachratio.

a) 3:1
bl 4:2
cl 1:2
jl 4:9
g) 7:8
h ) 1 0: 6

d) 5:6
il 1:1

el 3:5
i) 2:5

2. Writean equivalentratiowith 20 asone of the terms.

al 4:5
b) 2:8
cl 7:4
dl 10:3
3. Arethe ratiosin eachpairequivalent?
Explainhow you know.
a ) 7 t o 1 4a n d 1 t o 2
b ) 6 : 9 a n d3 : 2
c) 1 to 10and 4to40
a. Thetableshowsthe numberof beads
usedto makea necklace.
Gingerwantsto makea smallernecklace
usingthe sameratioof pinkto white beads.
How manydifferentnecklaces
couldGingermake?
How do you know?

Colour

Number

Pink

30

White

35

5. In a cardgame,eachplayeris dealt5 cards.

Makea tableto showthe total numberof cards

dealtfor eachnumberof playersfrom 3 to 6.
Writeeachratio of playersto cardsdealt.
6. The ratioof playersto soccerballsat practicesessions
is 5:2.

How manysoccerballsare neededfor 20 players?

Ms.Olivieri's
classplaysa gamein teams.
Eachteam hasthe samenumberof students.
The ratioof teamsto playersis 8 :32.
a) How manystudentsarein Mrs.Olivieri's
class?
b) How manystudentsareon eachteam?
8. Theword "fun"hasa vowelto consonantratioof 1 :2.

a) Find3 wordswith a vowelto consonantratioof 2:3.

bl Choosea vowelto consonantratioand find 3 wordsfor it.

Focus I Question
4

UnitS Lesson
10

ChefBlancuses4 partsof oil for every3 partsof vinegar

to makea saladdressing.
he u se s1 2 p a rtso f o i l .
Su p p o s e
r i l l h e use?
H o w m a n yp a rtso f vi n e g a w
Su Mei'srecipefor beansaladcallsfor 3 cansof limabeans,
2 cansof pinto beans,and 1 canof kidneybeans.
SuM e i i s ma ki n gb e a nsa l a dfo r h erfam ilyr eunion.
sh eu se s9 ca n so f l i mabeans.
Su p p o s e
al How manycansof pinto beanswill sheuse?
b l H o w ma n yca n so f ki d n e yb e answill sheuse?
Katherinehasdiabetes.
the massin gr ams
, emu ste sti ma te
A t e a c hme a l sh
sheplansto eat and inject
of carbohydrates
a mo u n to f i n su l in.
t h e a p p r o p ri a te
n e e d s1 u n i to f i n su l i nfor
K a t h e r i ne
15 g of carbohydrates.
lunchhas60 g of carbohydrates.
Katherine's
inject?
H o w m a nyu n i tso f i n su l i nsh o u l dKather ine
12. Fo makea jug of instanticedtea,Malaikauses
6 cupsof waterand 3 scoopsof icedtea powder.
Bartuses8 cupsof waterand 5 scoopsof powder.
and Bart'sicedtea havethe samestrength?
Will Malaika's
E x p l a i n.
to 2:3
1 3 . L i s ta l lt h e ra ti o sth a t a ree q u i va lent
and havea secondterm that is lessthan 40.
Ex p l a i nho w yo u d i d i t.

Number Strategies
t n u m b e ri sn
F i n dt h en e x 3
pattern.
each

Writetwo ratiosthat are equivalent.

Explainhow you knowthey areequivalent.
Writetwo ratiosthat are not equivalent.
Explainhow you knowthey arenot equivalent.

. 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 ,. , .
. 9 4 ,8 3 ,7 2 ,6 1 , . . .
. 5 , 1 1 ,2 3 ,4 1 ., . .
Whatis eachpatternrule?

10
UnitB Lesson

327

ExploringRates

Howfastis the car travelling?

At thisspeed,howfarwill
the cartravelin halfan hour?
ln2h?
Whatdoesthe highway
signmean?

Youwill needa clockor a watchwith a secondhand.

H o w m a n yt r i a n g l e d
s o yo u th i n k
y o u c a nd r a wi n 1 mi n ?
Haveyour partnertime 1 min asyou
d r a wa s m a nytri a n g l e as syo u ca n .
C o u n t h e t r i a n g l e s.
Switchroles.Time
1 min as
your partnerdrawstriangles.
y o u rre su l ts.
Compare
Basedon your results,
about
h o w m a n yt ri a n g l e co
s uld
y o u d r a wi n 2 mi n ?In 3 mi n ?
I n3 0 s ?

Show ffitrRS
Nh a r e
Shareyour resultswith anotherpairof students.
How did you estimatehow manytriangles
yo u c o u l dd r a wi n 2 mi n ?In 3 mi n ?In 30 s?
W h a ta s s u mp ti o ndsi d yo u ma ke ?
H o w m a n yt r i a n g l e co
s u l dyo u d ra wi n t h?Explain.

324

Ltssott FOcus ! Express

two quoniities
with differentunitsos q rote.

R a m o n ad r ew5 2 sta rsi n 1 mi n .

rateof drawingstarsis
We saythat Ramona's
52 starsper minute.
We write this as52 stars/min.
Herearesomeotherrates.
. A tortoisetravels0.2km/h.
. Thepretzel-making
machine
makes8 bagsof pretzels/min.
. Toddpaid$0.87/Lforgas.
. My cactusgrows1.5cm/year.

Theword"pe/'
means"forevery''
or "in every."

A rate is a ratiothat comPares

two itemsmeasuredin differentunits.
The speedof the tortoisecomPares
a distancein kilometresto
a time in hours.

d
Yo uc a nu s ep i ctu re s,ta b l e s,agnraphs
to solverateproblems.
F Juantyped 9 pagesin 3 h.
At this rate,how manypagescouldJuantype in 5 h?
Drawa picture.
J u a nt y p e s9 p a g e si n 3 h .
ln t h, he typest,or 3 pages.
Hisrateof typing is 3 pages/h.
S o ,i n 5 h, Ju a ntyp e s5 x 3 ,o r 1 5 pages.

A killerwhaletravelsat an averagespeedof 50 km/h.

How far doesit travelin 5 h?
Drawa graph.
the distance
Plotpointsto represent
travelledin eachtime.
1 0 0k m i n 2 h , 2 0 0km i n 4 h , 3 0 0km in 6 h
Then,drawa linefrom the origin
t h r o u g hth e p o i n ts.
O n t h e g ra p hd, ra wa ve rti calli nethr ough5 h.
Thendrawa horizontallinefrom the graph
to the Distonceaxis.
T h i sl i n eme e tsth e a xi sa t 2 5 0km.
So,the whaletravels250 km in 5 h.

KillerWhaleTravellingat 50 km/h
300

zoo

o
(J
c

150

i5

100

Time (h)

11
Unit8 Lesson

329

Ainsleypaid S0.95lmin
to makea long distance
telephonecallto her aunt in Scotland.
Ainsley's
bill wasS11.40.How long did they talk?
Makea table.
Eachminutecost50.95.
Keepadding50.95for everyminute.
Extendthe tableuntilyou get to 511.40.
Time
(min)

Cost

10

11

12

$0.95 $ 1 .e 0$2.85 $3.80 $4.75 $5.70 $6.65 $7.60 $8.55 $9.50 $ 1 0 . 4 5$ 1 1 . 4 0

Ai n s l e yan d h e ra u n tta l ke dfo r 1 2 min.

1. Writeeachamountas a rate.
a) A fast readercan read500 wordseveryminute.
b ) M i n d i d 1 3ch i n -u p si n 1 mi n .
c) A cheetahcan run 70 km in t h.
d) Whenfighting a fire,a fire truck usesabout
200 L of water everyminute.
2. Mirarodeher bicycle20 km in 2 h.
At that rate,how far did Mira ride eachhour? Eachhalf hour?
3. Jaspermade4 bracelets
in t h.
At this rate,how longwould it takehim to make20 bracelets?
4. A train travelsat an averagespeedof 80 km/h.
How long will it takethe trainto travel320 km?
5. Thisgraphshowshow far a hurricane
travelledin 4 h.
What wasthe hurricane's
averagespeed
in kilometresper hour?

DistanceTravelled
by a Hurricane
1000
800

E
J
o
()

600

tr

tg

.2

400

o
This graphand the graphon page 329
are continuous line graphs.

330

200

3
(
h
Time )

UnitS Lesson
ll

6. Najawas paid S40for 5 h of work.

How muchwould sheearnif sheworkedfor 8 h?

Gascosts589/1.
Ali pays5t e.6gto fill hisgastank.
Usea table.
How manylitresof gasdid Ali buy?
8. Karicheckedher pulseand counted21 beatsin 15 s.

Drawa graph.At that rate,how many beatswould

Karihavecountedin eachtime?
c) 1 m t n
b) 45s
a) 30s
9. A s n a i tl r a ve l s1 2 m i n 2 h .

At that rate,how longwill it takethe snailto travel18 m?

1o. Kenhas90 min of basketballpracticeevery3 days.
a) How manyminutesof practicewould
Kenhavein 6 days?
b) How manydayswould it takefor Kento put in
6 h of practice?
c) Canyou assumethat Kenhas30 min of practice
everyday?Explain.
do e s6 0 ch i n -u p si n 5 mi n.
11. J a c i n t h e
J a m a rd o es2 0 ch i n -u p si n 2 mi n .
Whichpersondoesmorechin-upseveryminute?
How do you know?
12. Express
eachbird'saveragespeedin kilometresper hour.
al An eagleflies90 km in 2 h.
b) An owl flies19 km in halfan hour.
gooseflies9 km in 10 min.
c) A spur-winged

Number Strategies

of rates.
Give3 examples
Explain
whateachratemeansandtell
whenit wouldbe used.

10
Focus I Question

so
Replace
tr witha number
by5 and
thesumis divisible
b y1 1 .

3+7+17+10+n
Howdidyouchoose
thenumber?

U n i t SL e s s o n l l 3 3 1

StrategiesTeolkit

Taketurnsto choosethe answerfor one question.

Thinkaloudasyou decideon the answer
so your partnerhearsyour thinking.
Andreahasthesecoins:
15pennies,
12dimes,
and8 nickels
1. Whatfractionof thecoinsaredimes?

ul #
at#

a)#
c)#

2. What is the ratioof penniesto dimes?

a) 15:8
b) 5:4
c) 12:15
d) 3:7

ffi;;i-,nare
Shareyourwork with anotherpairof students.
Whatstrategies
did you useto chooseyour answer?

Hereare somestrategiesyou can useto select

question.
the answerfor a multiple-choice

Beloreyoustart
fl mrt. sureyouunderstand
whatyouaresupposed
to do.
ls it okayto guess?
lsthereonlyonecorrectanswer?
Whereshouldyou recordyouranswer?
",!tlnri:rilr:r..-r.r'jarii'r::iraitrti:.tr:ailtilr.rtltia!:ii:rairt::,i:ir:r:'tttiritltlltr:,:t::rf

332

ir:.:::,..r:ttr:irr:r:,rr:i:rl

Do your best on
a test.
Explainyour answer.

FOcus I Explorestroiegies
for onsweringmultiple-choice
questions.

Foreachquestion
carefully.
thequestion
fl neaO
the keywords.
Underline
f, aru* a sketchor makea calculation
if it helps.
B[a.ror. you lookat the choices,

d
d

il

try to answerthe question.

Reada//the choices.
Whichchoiceis closestto your answer?
That is probablythe correctanswer.
lf you havetroubledeciding,go back
and readeachchoiceagain.
. Crossout any choicesyou know
are not correct.
. lf two choicesappearto be the same,
identifyany differences.

yourtimeandchecking
0rganizing
thatyou
fl t"uu"questions
cannotfigureout untilthe end.

t it isokayto guess,
makeyour bestguess.

allthequestions
fl neaA
and your choices.
Checkyouhave
not missed
anyquestions.

1, Wherewouldyouplacethefraction
t on thisnumberline?

questionaboutfractions,
ratios,or percents
2. Writea multiple-choice
on one sideof an indexcard.Writethe answeron the otherside.
question.
Answeryour classmate's
Tradequestionswith a classmate.

What is your favouritestrategyfor answeringmultiple-choice

questions?
Explainhow you would answerthe questions.

12
Unit8 Lesson

333

tEss0l{

1. Write3 equivalent
fractions
for eachfraction.

a)+

b)+

2. Writeeachfractionin simplest
form.

r) +9

-l

b) ;8

"t#

d;8

.)+3

d)+e

3. Writeeachmixednumberasan improperfraction.

d3{

bt 7+

cl a!

dt 2+

4. Writeeachimproperfractionasa mixednumber.

')+

D+

d+

d+

rt
-

pizzas
5. A cfassorderedfour 12-slice
for lunch.
Thestudentsate40 slices.
a) Writean improperfractionanda mixednumber
for the numberof pizzasthe studentsate.
b) Writea fractionin simplestformfor how manypizzas
wereleft over.

:.
D 6 . Copyandcomplete.Use),1,or
al ]n rj
u gn1+

d +.2+

Z Orderfrom leastto greatest.

Showyourwork.

"t Z,zt,I

bt+,-54,l

15
I

. 35
15
Gl ZO, "| 14, 10-

8.

to makea fruitdrink.
a) Howmuchdrinkdid Hanumake?
b) Hanuwantsto addsomeorangejuicesothat he will hav 1 cup.
HowmuchorangejuiceshouldHanuadd?
UsePatternBlocks.
Thesumof two fractionsisJ.
Onefractionis].
Whatisthe otherfraction?

334

Unit8

LESSON

grid.
10. Usea hundredths
yellow170lo
is blue,
is green,45o/ois
a) Colourthe gridso 14o/o
andthe restis red.
Writea fractionin simplestform and a decimal
to describeeachcolourof the grid.
c) What percentof the grid is red?
b)

11. Connergot 23 out of 25 on a spellingtest.

Rosegot 880/o
on the test.
Whosemarkwas greater?How do you know?
12. Aiko saves600/o
of her weeklyallowance
and spendsthe rest.
Herallowanceis 510a week.
How muchdoesAikospendeachweek?
13. What percentof the buttonsare red?

oooffi###ffiffi#
14. Usethe buttonsin question13.
a) Writeas many ratiosasyou canfor the buttons.
Explainwhat eachratiomeans.
b) Supposeyou doubledthe number
of eachcolourof buttons.
Whatwould the ratio 40:'16describe?

15. A snaketravels36 m in 6 min.

At that rate,how far will the snaketravelin 9 min?

il
il
il

numbers
andfractions
and
addition
explore
subtra
ctionoffractions
percents
explore
to fractions
relatepercents
anddecimals
estimate
andcalculate
percents
problems
solvemultistep
usingpercents

and
,., Laio,forpart-to-part
part-to-whole
risons
compa
ratios
equivalent
explore
rates
explore
involving
solveproblems
percents,
ratios,
fractions,
andrates

t*nlt

Frehlerrr

the lqb eU
Reod

Robert'sfavourite
breakfastis a
s c r a m b l eedg g ,a sl i ce
of whole-graintoast,
a n d a 2 5 0 - mLg l a ss
of chocolatemilk.
H e r ei s s o m en u tri ti o n
informationabout
Robert'sbreakfast.
The percentsare
the percentsof
the recommended
d a i l yv a l u e s.

Everyday,childrenand teensneedto eat about

1 g of proteinfor everykilogramof their body mass.
al Roberthasa massof 45 kg.
How manygramsof proteinshouldhe eat eachday?
f) To the nearestgram,how much proteinis in this breakfast?
Estimate
the percentof hisdailyproteinrequirement
Robertis gettingin this breakfast.

336

Noticethatthe
information
aboutthe
breadis for 2 slices,
but Roberteatsonly
'l
slice.

in
a ) F i n dt h e to ta ln u mb e ro f ca l o ri es
Robert'sbreakfast.
b) To the nearestgram,how muchfat is in
Robert'sfavouritebreakfast?
c) Eachgramof fat containsabout9 calories.
About how manycaloriesin this breakfast
comefrom fat?
recommendthat no morethan
d) Nutritionists
] of the calorieswe eat shouldcomefrom fat.
fallwithin
DoesRobert'sbreakfast
t h i sh e a l th yl i mi t?

show
Your wor kshould
calculation s
accur ate
and
howyouestimated
yoursoluti ons
calculated
thatyoucanuseper cents
pr oblem s
to solver eal- life
and
cleardescr iptions
your
of
explanations
thinking

il
d

T h ed a i l yca l ci u mre q u i re me nutsedto calculate

o n l a b e l si s 11 0 0mg .
t h e p e r c e n ts
a) Whatis the total percentof calciumin Robert'sbreakfast?
b) About how muchcalciumis in his breakfast?
T h ed a i l yi ro nre q u i re me nutse dto calculate
t h e p e r c en ts
o n l a b e l si s 1 4 mg .
al Whatis the total percentof iron in Robert'sbreakfast?
b) About how muchiron is in his breakfast?
you enjoyeating.
Choosea typicalbreakfast
to includeyour servingsizes.
Describeit, remembering
fat,protein,
Copythe informationaboutcalories,
c a l c i u ma,n d i ro ni n e a chse rvi n gfromthe
nutritionlabelsfor eachproduct.
Completequestions1 to 4 for your breakfast.
is healthy?Explain.
Do you thinkyour breakfast

and percentsrelated?
How arefractions,
decimals,
Useexamplesin your explanation.

UnitB

337

Unit

patternhas2 and5 asthe first2 terms.

A recursive
Whatmightthe patternbe?Givethreedifferentanswers.

Solveeachexpression.
Explain
whythe answers
aredifferent.
al15+6+3

b ) (1 5 + 6 ) + 3

Magazines
arepackedintocartonsfor distribution.
Eachhouronepersoncanpack45cartons.
Howmanypeopleareneededto pack1200cartonseachhour?
-t

4- a) Uselinkingcubesto buildthe objectshownin thisnet.

bl Drawthe objecton triangulardot paper.

c) Drawthe front,top,and sideviewsof the object.
Findeachproductor quotient.
Roundeachanswerto the nearest
thousandthif necessary.
a) 7.5+5
b) 48 x 0.001
cl 24.31+ ' 10
d) 5.603x 3
el 29 x 0.01
fl 0.078+ 4

6. ThetableshowsCanadian
trout productionin 2002.

al Findthe mean,the median,

andthe modemasses
of trou produced.
b) Whichaverage
bestrepresents
Explain.
thesenumbers?
Nishaant
recorded
the forecast
hightemperature
and
the actualhightemperature
in degrees
Celsius
on
the firstdayof eachmonthfor 8 months.
a) Drawa scatterplot of the data.
bl lstherea trendin the graph?Explain.

8. A rectangular
boxhaslength25 cm,width22 cm,andheight16cm.
a) Whatis the volumeof the box?
b) Whatisthe surface
areaof the box?
338

CumulotiveReviewUnitsI -8

Unit

Use1-cmgridpaper.
Labelit ABCD.
Drawa quadrilateral.
similar
to ABCD.
Drawa quadrilateral
MNPQ.
Labelthisquadrilateral
Howdo youknowABCDandMNPQaresimilar?
symmetry
ldentifythe orderof rotational
of the designon thistile.

rr. Whichfigurescanbe usedto makea tilingpattern?

Howdo you know?
c)

Choose
a figurefromquestion11.
to makea design.
Usethe figureandtransformations
Explainhowyoudid this.
-l
-

form.
13. Rename
eachfractionin simplest

r) 33
Addor subtract.

" t3 + #

b)i+

d #

dt+

u +-+

.ti+*

aI+?

25o/o
andsavesthe rest.
15. Juliehas564.Shespends
HowmuchdoesJuliespend?
ratiosfor eachratio.
Writetwo equivalent
a) 6:5

b) 4: 10

cl 2:6

d) 5:3

Ingridistrainingfor a marathon.
shedrinks200mLof water
Toavoiddehydration,
every15min.Todaysheplansto runfor 90 min.
Howmuchwatershouldshetakewith her?
ReviarUnits1-8
Cumulotive

339