IB&M 230 International Organizational Behavior Mid-term Exam 2, Spring

2016
Name ___________________

I. Multiple Choices
1) After which stage of a group's development has the group formed a common set of
expectations of member behaviors?
A) norming
B) storming
C) maturation
D) development
E) forming
2) Zach is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His
manager offers him a promotion but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Zach would
like the promotion, but realizes that it would force him to miss some church activities. It is likely
that Zach is experiencing which of the following?
A) role conflict
B) role expectation
C) role perception
D) psychological conflict
E) cognitive reactance
3) A local government work crew cleans up parks and other public spaces. In this crew the
dirtiest jobs are generally given to the newest members, while the more senior members of the
crew tend to do little except draw their pay. What is the class of norms that encompasses
arrangements like this?
A) performance.
B) appearance
C) resource allocation
D) financial rewards
E) confluence
4) A group is most likely to tolerate deviation from a group's conformity norms by which of the
following individuals?
A) a high status individual who does not care about the social rewards the group provides
B) a high status individual who is tightly integrated into the group's social structure
C) a low status individual who has only recently entered the group
D) a low status individual who strongly wishes to integrate within the group
E) a low status individual who is not well regarded by the rest of the group
5) Which is not a weakness of group decision making?
A) It is time consuming.
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B) There is less originality.

C) It suffers from ambiguous responsibility.
D) It can be dominated by one or a few members.
E) It's not clear who is accountable for bad decisions.
Your organization is considering the use of team decision making. You have read the literature on
decision making and are trying to inform your manager about the advantages and disadvantages
of group decision making.
6) You should expect to find that ________.
A) group decision making will be faster
B) group discussions will be shared equally
C) there will be increased acceptance of the decision
D) group decision making will be very costly
E) groups will find reaching a decision to be less effortful than individuals
7) You should expect a weakness of group decision making to be ________.
A) less complete knowledge
B) more time will be used to make the decision
C) employees will be less accepting of the group decision
D) the decision will probably be a lower quality decision
E) decreased risky shift
8) You have observed that the group tends to come to consensus very quickly and there
appears to be an illusion of unanimity. You conclude that they may be suffering from
________.
A) inefficiency syndrome
B) groupshift
C) disintegrating norms
D) groupthink
E) risky shift
9) Which of the following best describes a work team?

A) Individual efforts result in a greater performance than the sum of group inputs.
B) Group efforts result in a lower performance than the sum of individual inputs.
C) Group efforts result in a greater performance than the sum of individual inputs.
D) Individual efforts result in a greater performance than the sum of individual inputs.
E) Individual efforts result in a lower performance than the sum of individual inputs.
10) Araceli is a team member in a large corporation. She never speaks in the team meetings
because she has seen members talk behind each others' backs outside of the meetings. Members
are constantly monitoring the other member's work, looking for a mistake to point out in a
meeting. According to the information provided, which contextual factor is most likely hindering
the success of Araceli's team?
A) adequate resources
B) climate of trust
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C) team structure
D) performance evaluations
E) leadership
11) Alejandro is annoyed that the new recruit, Ben, is working faster than anyone else in the
group, making the rest of the group look bad. In the company cafeteria Alejandro teases Ben and
calls him the 'super recruit' and imitates his style of working so rapidly. Alejandro wants to
intimidate Ben so that he will work slower. Which function of communication is Alejandro using
by making fun of Ben?
A) motivation
B) control
C) expression
D) information
E) formal

12) Chantel received an invitation to a web meeting that will take place at 3:00 p.m. She
accepted the invitation. This is an example of ________.
A) formal channels of communication
B) spontaneous communication
C) feedback as a function of communication
D) informal channels of communication
E) emotional expression
13) Communication messages that are passed through a great many people will most likely suffer
from which of the following?
A) disruption
B) distortion
C) lack of non-verbal cues
D) decoding
E) formal communication decay

14) Which of the following channels of communication is lowest in richness?

A) video conferences
B) e-mail
C) pre-recorded speeches
D) memos and letters
E) telephone conversations

15) Jessica needs to describe her vision for an important ad campaign to three of the new team
members. Jessica should ________.
A) send an e-mail.
B) schedule a meeting
C) write a memo
D) publish a formal report
E) leave voicemail for them

16) Jake tells his boss only what he believes the boss wants to hear. Jake is engaging in
________.
A) filtering
B) selective perception
C) communication apprehension
D) emotional block
E) selective selection

17) Which of the following is most likely to help reduce misperceptions when communicating
with people from a different culture?
A) Assume similarity until differences are proven.
B) Emphasize interpretation rather than evaluation and descriptions.
C) See the other's point of view.
D) Treat your interpretations as a confirmed hypothesis.
E) Make judgments quickly and decisively.
18). All of the following are competing theories for the evolution of language, except,
A) The social brain hypothesis
B) The Machiavellian hypothesis
C) The mother-tongue hypothesis
D) The altruism hypothesis
19). According to Harbermas, human communicative action serves the following purposes,
except,
A) Signification
B) Self-actualization
C) Legitimation
D) Domination
20). The product of a senders encoding is the _____.
A) channel
B) message
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C) transmission
D) medium
E) all of the above
21) Richard is a transactional leader who has just assigned a series of tasks to a project team.
Which of the following is most likely to be true about the team's performance under Richard's
guidance?
A) They will set new standards of productivity for the department, exceeding Richard's
expectations.
B) They will meet the goals set for them but are unlikely to go beyond those goals.
C) They will tend to be unclear about the roles assigned to each team member.
D) They will be highly motivated by what they view as Richard's heroic or extraordinary
qualities.
E) They will tend to put their individual self-interest above the interests of the company.

22) In carrying out a transformational approach to overseeing the project, Leo strives to
implement the universal elements of transformational leadership. He most likely implements all
of the following except ________.
A) providing vision
B) inspirational motivation
C) intellectual motivation
D) individualized consideration
E) silent leadership
23) Which of the following is not a key characteristic of a charismatic leader?
A) sensitivity to follower needs
B) unconventional behavior
C) vision and articulation
D) task orientation
E) willingness to take risks
24) In utilizing Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, which of the following contingency
dimensions should you pay attention to?
A) leader-member relations
B) task structure
C) position power
D) All of the above are important dimensions in this model.
E) None of the above are important dimensions in this model.
Answer: D
25) If a leader's main concern is accomplishing his/her group's tasks, the University of Michigan
studies label this leader ________.
A) consideration-oriented
B) managerial
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C) ineffective
D) high achieving
E) production-oriented
26) All contingency theories are based on the idea that effective leadership performance depends
on ________.
A) the proper match between the leader's style and the situations the leader faces
B) selecting the right leadership style based on the level of the followers' readiness
C) the leaders EQ
D) making use of the best path for the goal that is identified
E) none of the above
27) Which one of the following is not implied in the definition of power?
A) influence
B) potential
C) dependency
D) actualization
E) capacity
28) Clifford has to work to support his family. He would like to go home before nine, but his
boss says that he must stay and complete an assignment. Clifford is ________ his boss, who
controls his job.
A) grateful to
B) more powerful than
C) dependent on
D) similar to
E) a leader to
29) One reacts to ________ power out of fear of the negative ramifications that might result if
one fails to comply.
A) legitimate
B) coercive
C) punitive
D) referent
E) abusive
30) Legitimate power is based on ________.
A) positive rewards
B) interpersonal trust
C) structural position
D) expert knowledge
E) respect and admiration
31) Celebrities are paid millions of dollars to endorse products in commercials because the
advertisers believe the celebrities have ________ power.
A) personal
B) referent
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C) expert
D) legitimate
E) star
32) Most organizations develop multiple suppliers rather than give their business to only one in
order to ________.
A) increase knowledge and information
B) reduce dependency
C) maximize power
D) develop interdependence
E) avoid uncertainty
33) Rodrigo has developed a new technology for reading bar codes in grocery stores. There is no
other technology like his, but Rodrigo is not powerful because no one wants to change from the
system that they already have because his technology did not show improvement over the
existing system. Rodrigo is not able to create dependency because ________.
A) his product is not scarce
B) his product is nonsubstitutable
C) Rodrigo lacks expert power
D) his product is not important
E) Rodrigo lacks reward power
34) Joe comes to you with a request for funds for a project. He reminds you that company policy
supports his position. He is using the tactic of ________.
A) coalitions
B) consultation
C) rational persuasion
D) legitimacy
E) pressure
35) ________ occurs when people within organizations use whatever influence they can to taint
the facts to support their goals and interests.
A) Legitimate political behavior
B) Political behavior
C) Illegitimate political behavior
D) Sabotage
E) Camouflage

36) An individual most likely to engage in political behavior would have all of the following
except a/an ________.
A) high need for power
B) high ability to self monitor
C) high charisma rating
D) internal locus of control
E) high Machiavellian personality
37) According to the interactionist's perspective, a group that functions without conflict is
________.
A) living up to behavioral ideals
B) prone to becoming static and apathetic
C) likely to be responsive to the need for change and innovation
D) the most productive
E) a rare phenomenon
38) Which is not one of the five conflict-handling intentions?
A) collaborating
B) competing
C) accommodating
D) avoiding
E) resisting
39) ________ bargaining is negotiation that seeks to divide a "fixed pie."
A) Distributive
B) Integrative
C) Reflective
D) Affective
E) Conjunctive
40) Angelina feels that her cubicle neighbor talks too loudly on the phone, but in other ways she
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is a great neighbor. Angelina gets annoyed every time her neighbor's phone rings, but she has
decided it's simply not worth the trouble to talk to her neighbor. Angelina's conflict intention is
called ________.
A) competing
B) avoiding
C) accommodating
D) compromising
E) collaborating

41) Which one of the following might not be a functional outcome of the conflict process?
A) stimulates creativity
B) increases innovation
C) enhance self-awareness
D) relieves tensions
E) increase hostility
42). Which of the following is not an explanation for the phenomenon of groupshift?
A) discussion creates familiarization among members
B) most first-world societies value risk
C) the group leader usually gets the credit or blame for the group action
D) the group diffuses responsibility
E) high cohesion
43). Which of the following is likely to generate the least innovative alternatives?
A) face-to-face interacting groups
B) brainstorming
C) Delphi technique
D) nominal group technique
E) electronic meeting

II. True/False

1) (
) The grapevine is perceived by most employees as being more believable and reliable
than formal communiqus issued by management.
2) (
) In high-context cultures, people tends to rely on enforceable contracts that tend to be in
writing and precisely worded.
3) (
) Leadership can be defined as the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of
goals.
4) (

) One assumption of the trait theory of leadership is that leaders cannot be trained.

5) (
) The Big Five personality framework can reveal some traits that are more useful as
predictors of leadership emergence than as predictors of leadership effectiveness.
6) (

) In the leader-member exchange theory, leaders treat all of their subordinates alike.

7) (

) Latin American negotiators have the highest frequency of communication overlap.

8) (

) Level-five leaders are charismatic.

9) (

) In the USA, traditional authority still has huge impact

10) (

) One's view of how one is supposed to act in a given situation is a role perception.

11) (
) If a group is highly cohesive, meaning that the members in the group are attracted to
each other and desire to work together, they will be highly productive even with established low
performance norms.
12) (
teams.

) Competitive reward structures reinforce the importance of collaboration in work

13) (
) Canadians would most likely have more difficulty using work teams than the
Japanese.
14) (

) The maixmal number of effective relations a person can have is 100

15) ( ) The willingness to incur ones own cost to punish non-cooperative behavior is essential
to keep cooperation in a group
16) (

) Filtering is most likely to occur in organizations in which there are many vertical levels.

17) (

) Asymmetric information can lead to opportunism

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