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EXPERIMENT.2 BOD&COD
CONTENTS
Abstract............................................................................3
Introduction....................................................................... 3
Experimental Methods and Procedure...............................4
Experimental
Results.6
o Discussion.........................................................................7
o Sources of Error................................................................. 7
o References........................................................................8
o
o
o
o
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE.1 BOd levels............................................................................................................... 2
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ABSTRACT
The aim of this experiment is to study the characteristics of BOD & COD and
to conduct various experiments on distilled water and wastewater to
determine oxidize-able matter using a known amount of potassium
dichromate and to calculate the oxygen consumption.
INTRODUCTION
Microorganisms such as bacteria are responsible for decomposing organic
waste. If organic matter such as sewage, fertilizer, grass clippings, leaves,
dead plants, or even food waste is existent in a water supply, the bacteria
will initiate the procedure of breaking down this waste. When this occurs,
much of the existing dissolved oxygen is used up by aerobic bacteria,
depriving other aquatic beings of the oxygen they require to live. Biological
Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a amount of the oxygen depleted by
microorganisms to decompose the waste. If there is a significant amount of
organic waste present in the water supply, there will also be a great number
of bacteria present thriving to decompose this waste. In this occasion, the
oxygen demand will build up due to all the existing bacteria, consequently,
the BOD levels will also be increase. As the waste is exhausted or diffused
through the water, the BOD concentration will start to decay. The table below
illustrates the effect of BOD levels with respect to water quality.
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COD
OF A WASTEWATER SAMPLE IS :
THE
FOLLOWS:
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BOD
IN A LABORATORY IS AS
THE
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
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DISCUSSION
Based on the experimental results, the sample containing wastewater has
high levels of bacteria/ contaminants than the sample containing distilled
water. This signifies that the sample containing wastewater needs further
treatment before conducting a COD test.
SOURCES
OF
ERROR
To avoid any errors that will render inaccurate results, it is advised to:
A. Thoroughly wash the test tubes with distilled water and remove any
residue solutions before conducting the experiment.
B. Use the titration apparatus carefully to avoid spillage or damage to
the sample
C. Use a stopwatch to accurately boil the sample to completion
REFERENCES
Stone, J. (n.d.). The Chemistry of Chemical Oxygen Demand . Retrieved from
Envexp: http://www.envexp.com/download/techsupport/articles/COD
%20Article.pdf
Unknown. (2013, May 6). THE NUTS & BOLTS OF CHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND. Retrieved from W&WD: http://www.wwdmag.com/codtests/nuts-bolts-chemical-oxygen-demand
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