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DESIGN CRITERIA
GLOBE Towers Structural Integrity Assessment of
Various Globe Cell Sites of Davao del Norte

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2.0 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR

EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT
DESIGN CODES
A.

NSCP

National Structural Code of the Philippines 2010, 6 th

Edition
Volume 1 (Buildings, Towers and Other Vertical
Structures)
B. AISC
C. ACI

American Institute of Steel Construction 2005

American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-02, ACI 318-

05) (2005)
D. TIA/EIA -222-G -

Structural Standard for Steel Towers And

Antenna
Supporting Structures (August 2005)
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
All steel Member has a yield strength of fy = 248MPa unless otherwise
specified.
Steel Plates
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hot Dipped Galvanizing

---------------------------------------------------------

Welding
------------------------------------------------------------------------

ASTM A36
ASTM A123
E 60 XX Electrode

Bolts and Nuts

Anchor Bolts
-------------------------------------------------------------Connection Bolts
-------------------------------------------------------Concrete Strength
------------------------------------------------------------

ASTM A-325
ASTM A-325
21 MPa (3000 psi)

Pipe Sections
------------------------------------------------------------------

ASTM A-53 Grade B

(thickness was based on
actual measurements)

Guy Wire Ropes

--------------------------------------------------------------

ASTM A475

DESIGN LOADS
DEAD LOAD

Self-Weight

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Antennas

Assumed weight of Antennas:

TYPE

SIZE (m)

WEIGHT (KN)

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

0.3

0.213

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

0.4

0.284

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

0.6

0.4265

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

0.67

0.4763

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

0.7

0.4976

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

0.8

0.5687

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

1.2

0.853

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

1.3

0.9397

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

1.8

1.373

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

2.4

4.370

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

3.0

4.660

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

3.7

5.886

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

4.0

6.411

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

4.5

7.286

PANEL ANTENNA

2.76 X 0.20

0.350

PANEL ANTENNA

2.64 X 0.275

0.336

PANEL ANTENNA

2.58 X 0.255

0.331

PANEL ANTENNA

2.52 X 0.29

0.324

PANEL ANTENNA

2.53 X 0.28

0.324

PANEL ANTENNA

2.45 X 0.31

0.318

PANEL ANTENNA

2.2 X 0.410

0.310

PANEL ANTENNA

2.2 X 0.255

0.300

PANEL ANTENNA

2.15 X 0.30

0.298

PANEL ANTENNA

2.07 X 0.25

0.294

PANEL ANTENNA

2.06 X 0.20

0.292

PANEL ANTENNA

2.05 X 0.410

0.293

PANEL ANTENNA

1.98 X 0.28

0.280

PANEL ANTENNA

1.90 X 0.26

0.268

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PANEL ANTENNA

1.84 X 0.31

0.260

PANEL ANTENNA

1.4 X 0.450

0.230

PANEL ANTENNA

1.41 X 0.17

0.212

PANEL ANTENNA

1.40 X 0.33

0.220

PANEL ANTENNA

1.37 X 0.29

0.217

PANEL ANTENNA

1.30 X 0.32

0.210

PANEL ANTENNA

1.30 X 0.16

0.200

PANEL ANTENNA

1.12 X 0.32

0.194

PANEL ANTENNA

1.07 X 0.17

0.170

PANEL ANTENNA

1.0 X 0.250

0.180

PANEL ANTENNA

0.50 X 0.30

0.125

PANEL ANTENNA

0.30 X 0.30

0.10

PANEL ANTENNA

0.50 X 0.160

0.10

2.0

0.286

0.480 X 0.375

0.15

0.480 X 0.375

0.17

0.480 X 0.375

0.20

0.480 X 0.375

0.25

0.092 X 0.045

0.05

TUBULAR ANTENNA
RADIO REMOTE UNIT
(15KG)
RADIO REMOTE UNIT
(17KG)
RADIO REMOTE UNIT
(20KG)
RADIO REMOTE UNIT
(25KG)
REPEATER

WIND LOAD

Importance Factor (Iw)

due to height,

Exposure

1.15 (Structures that

use or location represent a

high hazard to human life
and/ or damage to property
in the event of failure and/ or
used primarily for essential
communications).
B, C or D (whichever is

applicable;
Based on TIA Standard/ NSCP
2010)

Basic Wind Speed / Wind Pressure (V)

250kph

(Zone

I),

200kph (Zone II) or

150kph (Zone III)(whichever
is
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applicable;NSCP 2010 Vol. 1,

Table
207-1)
Note:
Please take note that about 320kph wind gustiness occurred in East Visayas
Area last November 8, 2013 (Yolanda or International name Haiyan)was not
considered in this evaluation.

WIND LOAD FORMULA

F = qzGCfAf(NSCP 2010 Vol. 1, Section 207.5.15)
Where:

6
2
qz 47.3 10 KzKdKzt V Iw

(NSCP 2010 Vol. 1, Section 207.5.10)

Kz 2.01

2/

zg

(Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient)

where z = height above ground

zg= TIA 222G Table 2-4 (Exposure B or C whichever is applicable)
=TIA 222G Table 2-4 (Exposure B or C whichever is applicable

Kzt 1 k1k2k3

(Topographic Factor)
*Kd= Wind Direction Probability Factor (NSCP 2010 Vol.1, Table 2072)

Cf = Force Coefficients

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2
* Cf 4.0 5.9 4.0

(Square Tower Cross Section)

2
* Cf 3.4 4.7 3.4

(Triangle Tower Cross Section)

*Cffor Poles Structures Refer to TIA 222G Table 2-7
*Ca for Appurtenances Refer to TIA 222G Table 2-8
Where:

G=

TIA 222G 2.6.7 (Gust Effect Factor)

=
Solidity Ratio (Af / Gf)
Afis the projected area of structural components
Gfis the gross area of structural components

LOAD COMBINATION
Load Combination Using Strength Design or Load and Resistance Factor Design.
Basic Load Combination: (NSCP 2010 Vol. 1, Section 203.3.1)
a)
b)
c)
d)

1.4
1.2
1.2
0.9

D
D + 0.8W
D + 1.6W
D + 1.6W

(203-1)
(203-3)
(203-4)
(203-6)

Where: D = Dead Load

W = Wind Load
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Check Capacity of Bolts
A. Check against Shear
Rnv= Fnv Ab
B.

= 0.75
Check against Tension
Rnt= Fnt Ab
= 0.75

C. Check against Bearing @ Bolt Holes

Rn= 1.2(Lc + d/4)tFu
1.2(Lc + d/4)tFu<= 2.4dtFu
= 0.75
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Check for the Capacity of Members

A.1 Tensile yielding of connecting elements
Rn= Fy Ag
= 0.9
A.2 Tensile rupture of connecting elements
Rn= Fu Ae
= 0.75
A.3 Shear yielding of connecting elements
Rn= 0.6 Fy Ag
= 1.00
A.3 Shear rupture of connecting elements
Rn= 0.6 FuAnv
= 0.75
Check for Pressure in Base Plate
Pa = P / Ab <= 0.85fc ( A2 /A
0.85fc ( A2 /A
Where

)1/2

)1/2<= 1.7 fc

A1 = Area of steel concentrically bearing on concrete

A2 = Maximum area of the portion of the supporting surface
that is geometrically similar to and concentric with the loaded
area

Check for Embedment Length

A. For Compression
Ld

0.02 A v Fy
fc'

B. For Tension

Ld max 12d b 150mm

0.19 Fy

fc'

db

(NSCP 2010 Vol. 1, Section 412.7)

Check for Pullout of Concrete

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N = (Ab 8 fc')
= 0.75
= 1.0
Welded Connections
Welded connections shall conform to AISC-LRFD.

SLENDERNESS RATIOS
The slenderness ratio, L/r, shall preferably not exceed:
a) 150 for leg members,
b) 200 for main compression members other than leg members,
c) 250 for secondary members, and
d) 300 for tension members, except for tension rod bracing and cables.
FLEXURAL MEMBERS
The design flexural strength shall be taken as, fMn:
f= 0.9
Mn = nominal flexural strength
For tubular round members, the diameter to thickness ratio (D/t) shall not exceed
400. Mnshall be determined as follows:
D
t

0.0714

0.309

E
Fy

0.0714

E
Fy

Mn

Fy

400

D
t

0.309

Mn

E
Fy

Mn

Fy Z

0.330 E S
D

t

0.0207 E 1 F S
D
y
Fy
t

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COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL FORCES

SINGLE EQUAL LEG ANGLE MEMBERS:
a.)

Pu

when

0.2

a Pn

Single angle members subjected to combined bending and

axial force shall satisfy the following interaction equations:

Pu
B1 M uw B1 M uz

1..
9
a Pn f M nw f M nz
8

but

Pu

b.)

when

Pu

2 P
a n

where
:

shall not be greater than 1.0

a Pn

Pu
a Pn

0.2

B1 M uw
M
f nw

B1 M uz

M 1..
f nz

Pu
=
Pn=
Muw=
Muz=

axial force due to factored loads

nominal axial strength = (F'y * A)
flexural moment about the major principal axis due to factored loads
flexural moment about the minor principal axis due to factored loads

Mnw=
Mnz=
a=
=

nominal flexural strength about the major principal axis

nominal flexural strength about the minor principal axis
0.9
=
resistance factor for axial compression
0.9
=
resistance factor for axial tension

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f=
n=

0.9
0.9

=
=

resistance factor for flexure

resistance factor for yielding under normal stress

Effective Yield Stress : ANSI/TIA-222-G, Section 4.5.4.1

For 60 and 90 angle members, the effective yield stress for axial compression,
Fy, shall be determined as follows:
w
t

0.47

0.47

E
Fy

F'y

Fy

w
t

0.85

E
Fy

Fy

0.47

0.85

E
Fy

w
t

25

1.677 0.677

F'y

0.0332 2

F'y

Fy

Fy

E
2
w
t

FOR SOLID AND TUBULAR ROUND MEMBERS:

a.)

when

Pu
a Pn

0.2

For tubular members, the following interaction shall be satisfied:

8 Pu B1 Mu
9 P M 1.
a n f n

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but
b.)

when

Pu

0.2

a Pn

Pu

2 P
a n

where
:

shall not be greater than 1.0

a Pn
Pu

Pu
=
Pn=
Mu
=
Mn =
a=
=
f=
n=

B1 Mu

M 1.
f n

axial force due to factored loads

nominal axial strength = (F'y * A)
resultant flexural moment due to factored loads
nominal flexural strength
0.9
=
resistance factor for axial compression
0.9
=
resistance factor for axial tension
0.9
=
resistance factor for flexure
0.9
=
resistance factor for yielding under normal stress

Effective Yield Stress : ANSI/TIA-222-G, Section 4.5.4.1

For solid round members, the effective yield stress Fy shall be equal to Fy.
D
t

0.114

F'y

Fy

Fy

For tubular round members, the

diameter to thickness ratio (D/t) shall not exceed 400. The effective yield stress,
Fy, shall be determined as follows:

0.114

E
Fy

D
t

0.448

E
Fy

F'y

0.0379 E 2 F
D
3 y
Fy

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0.448

E
Fy

D
t

400

F'y

0.337 E

D
t

FOR TUBULAR POLE STRUCTURES:

For tubular poles, the following interaction equation shall be satisfied:

Pu

Mu

Vu

Tu

P M V T
c n f n v n T n

When

where
:

Tu
T Tn

1.0

is greater than 0.2, Mn shall not exceed F'yS

Pu
=
Pn=
Fy
=
Mu
=
Mn =
Vu
=
Vn =
S
=
Tu=
Tn
=
J
=
C
=
c=
f=
v=

axial force due to factored loads

nominal axial strength = (F'y * A)
effective yield stress
flexural moment due to factored loads
nominal flexural strength
transverse shear force due to factored loads
nominal shear strength = 0.5(Fy)(A)
minimum elastic section modulus
torsional moments due to factored loads
nominal torsional strength = (Fy)(J/c)
polar moment of inertia
distance from
0.9
=
0.9
=
0.9
=

neutral axis to extreme fiber

resistance factor for axial compression
resistance factor for flexure
resistance factor for shear

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T
=

0.9

resistance factor for torsion

Effective Yield Stress : ANSI/TIA-222-G, Section 4.5.4.1

Same as in solid and tubular round structures mentioned above.

FOR OTHER MEMBERS:

Combined bending and axial forces shall be investigated in accordance with AISC-LRFD.

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