VDR N SVDR

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy
An end to the unexplained marine

incidents.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH
Voyage Data
Recorders
&
Simplified Voyage Data
Recorders
Topic : VDR /SVDR
Performance Standards for

Shipborne Voyage Data Recorders
(VDRs)
IMO Resolution A.861(20) - Adopted on 27.11.1997
IMO Resolution MSC.214(81) - Adopted on 12.05.2006
(amendments to Res.A.861(20) & MSC.163(78))
IMO Resolution MSC.333(90) Adopted on 22.05.2012
(Revised Performance Standards for shipborne VDRs)
Topic : VDR /SVDR
Performance Standards
The purpose of a voyage data recorder & S-VDR
is to maintain a store, in a secure and
retrievable form, of information concerning the position,
movement, physical status, command and control of a
vessel over the period leading up to and following
an incident having an impact thereon.
Information contained in a VDR should be made
available to both the Administration and the ship-owner.
This information is for use during any subsequent
investigation to identify the cause(s) of the incident.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
APPLICATION
A VDR (& S-VDR) with capabilities not

inferior to those defined in these
performance standards is required to be
fitted to ships of classes defined in
SOLAS chapter V, as amended.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
VDR means a (& S-VDR)complete systems
including any items required to interface
with the source of input data;
for processing, recording and encoding
the data
power supply,
final recording medium in its capsule and
dedicated reserve power source
playback equipment (VDR only)
Topic : VDR /SVDR
Signal source means any sensor or device
external to the VDR,to which the VDR is
connected and from which it obtains signals
and data to be recorded.
Sensor means any unit external to the SVDR to which the S-VDR is connected and
from which it obtains data to be recorded.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
Final recording medium (VDR) means the items of
hardware on which the data is recorded such that
access to any one of them would enable the data to be
recovered and played back by use of suitable
equipment. Fixed + FF + LT = Final recording medium
Final recording medium (S-VDR) means the item of
hardware on which the data is recorded such that
access to it would enable the data to be recovered and
played back by use of suitable equipment.
Installed in a protective capsule of either fixed or float-free type, which should meet
following requirement:
Capable of being assessed & secure against tampering,
Hold the recorded data for atleast 2 years,
Highly visible + marked with retro-reflective
Fitted with device to aid location
Topic : VDR /SVDR
Fixed recording medium means a part of the
final recording medium which is protected against
fire, shock, penetration and a prolonged period on
the ocean floor.It has a means of indicating
location.
Float-free recording medium means a part of
the final recording medium which should float-free
after a sinking. It has a means of indicating
location.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
Long-term recording medium means a
permanently installed part of the Final Recording
Medium. It provides the longest record duration
and has a readily accessible interface for
downloading the stored data.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
10
Playback equipment (VDR)means:
any data medium with the playback software,
the operational instructions and
any special parts required for connecting a
commercial off-the-shelf laptop computer to the VDR.
Playback equipment (S-VDR) means:
the equipment compatible with the recording and the
format used during recording, employed for
recovering the data.
It includes also the display or presentation hardware
and software that is appropriate to the original data
source equipment.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
11
Playback software means a copy of the software
program to provide the capability to download the
stored data and play back the information. The
software should be compatible with an operating
system available with commercial off-the-shelf
laptop computers and where non-standard or
proprietary formats are used for storing the data
in the VDR, the software should convert the
stored data into open industry standard formats.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
12
Dedicated reserve power source means a
battery, with suitable automatic charging
arrangements, dedicated solely to the VDR
(S-VDR), of sufficient capacity to operate it.
Configuration data describes the vessel's
equipment, its installation on the vessel and its
relation to the VDR. The storage and playback
software uses this data to store the data record
and to convert the data record into information
that assists casualty investigation during
playback.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
13
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
The VDR (S-VDR) should continuously maintain sequential
records of preselected data items relating to the status and output
of the ship's equipment, and command and control of the ship.
Permit (VDR & S-VDR) subsequent analysis of factors

surrounding an incident,
Should include functions to perform a performance test any time.
The design and construction should be in accordance with the
requirements of resolution A.694(17) and international standards
acceptable to the Organization.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
14
Final recording medium

The final recording medium should consist
of the following items:
.1 fixed recording medium;
.2 float-free recording medium; and
.3 long-term recording medium.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
15
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS (S-VDR)
Final recording medium should be installed in a

protective capsule of either a fixed or float free type,
which should meet all of the following requirements:
capable of being accessed following an incident but
secure against tampering;
maintain the recorded data for a period of at least 2
years following termination of recording;
be of a highly visible colour and marked with retroreflective materials; and
be fitted with an appropriate device to aid location.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
16
Fixed recording medium
Should be installed in a fixed protective capsule which should meet all of the
following requirements:
.1 be capable of being accessed following an incident but secure against a
physical or electronically manipulated change or deletion of recorded data;
.2 maintain the recorded data for a period of at least two years following
termination of recording;
.3 maximize the probability of survival against fire, shock, penetration and deepsea-pressure and recovery of the final recorded data after any incident;
.4 be of a highly visible colour and marked with retro-reflective materials; and

.5 be fitted with an appropriate device to aid location under water.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
17
Float-free recording medium
Should be installed in a float-free capsule which should meet all of the following
requirements:
.1 be fitted with means to facilitate grappling and recovery;
.2 maintain the recorded data for a period of at least six months following
termination of recording;
.3 be so constructed as to minimize risk of damage during recovery operations;
.4 be capable of transmitting an initial locating signal and further locating
homing signal for at least 48 hours over a period of not less than seven
days/168 hours; and
.5 be capable of being accessed following an incident but secure against a
physical or electronically manipulated change or deletion of recorded data.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
18
Long-term recording medium

The long-term recording medium should:
.1 be capable of being accessed from an internal,
easily accessible area of the ship; and
.2 provide access to the data held on it but be
secured against a physical or electronically
manipulated change or deletion of recorded data.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
19
Data selection and security
The minimum amount of data items to be recorded by the VDR is specified.

Optionally, additional items may be recorded provided that the requirements for
the recording and storage of the specified selections are not compromised.
The equipment should be so designed that, as far as is practical, it is not
possible to manipulate the amount of data being recorded by the VDR, the data
itself nor the data which has already been recorded. Any attempt to interfere
with the integrity of the data or the recording should be recorded.
The recording method should be such that each item of the recorded data is
checked for integrity and an alarm given if a non-correctable error is detected.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
20
Data selection and security (S-VDR)
The equipment should be so designed that, as far as is
practical, it is not possible to tamper with the selection of
data being input to the equipment, the data itself nor that
which has already been recorded. Any attempt to
interfere with the integrity of the data or the recording
should be recorded. The recording method should be
such that each item of the recorded data is checked for
integrity and an alarm given if a non-correctable error is
detected.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
21
Continuity of operation
Should be capable of operating from the ship's main and
emergency source of electrical power.
If supply fails, the VDR should continue to record Bridge Audio
from the dedicated reserve power source for a period of 2 hours.
At the end of this 2 hour period all recording should cease
automatically.
Recording should be continuous unless terminated. The time for
which all stored data items are retained should be at least 30
days/720 hours on the long-term recording medium and at least
48 hours on the fixed and float-free recording media. Data items
which are older than this may be overwritten with new data.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
22
Items to be recorded
Bridge Audio: audio as opposed to speech.
Microphones fitted at all work stations; quality of
recording should be intelligible.
Communications audio. VHF communication
recording on separate channel.
Date and Time:
Ships position
Topic : VDR /SVDR
23
Speed
Heading: This alone provides an investigator

with a lot of information , particularly important
when attempting to establish how a situation
arose
Radar: Todays radars are computer driven and
collate much data which is then displayed on
the screen , thereby providing investigators with
considerable additional information .
ECDIS (where mandatory).
Topic : VDR /SVDR
24
Items to be recorded (Contd)

Ships VHF communications
Echo Sounder
Bridge Alarms status
Rudder angle demand and response
Hull openings status
Watertight and fire door status
Hull stress monitor outputs
Wind speed and direction
Topic : VDR /SVDR
25
Items to be recorded (Contd)

Engine thruster order and response
Acceleration and hull strsses
AIS
Rolling motion
Configuration data: Configuration of VDR
and the sensors to which it is connected
should be written in the final recording
medium during commisioning of the VDR
Electronic log book.
Main alarms
Topic : VDR /SVDR
26
Download and playback

Data output interface
The VDR & S-VDR should provide an

interface for downloading the stored data
and play back the information to an external
computer. The interface should be
compatible with an internationally
recognized format, such as Ethernet, USB,
FireWire, or equivalent.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
27
Download and playback

Software for data downloading and play back
should be provided for each VDR installation;
compatible with an operating system available
with off-the-shelf laptop computers and provided
on a portable storage device such as a CD-ROM,
DVD, USB-memory stick, etc.
Instructions for executing the software and for
connecting the external laptop computer to the
VDR should be provided.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
28
S-VDR
Topic : VDR /SVDR
29

Recorders
Existing vessels: cost of equipping existing vessels.
Costs Number of ships involved: financial burden on shipowners .
Technical difficulties: older vessels were equipped with a wide range of
different makes of equipment, many not designed to produce a separate
output for recording.
Hence a Simplified Voyage Data Recorder

performance standard was developed and a
phased implementation programme running
through to July 2010 adopted.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
30

Recorders
Bridge audio, Communications audio Date
and Time, Ships position, AIS, Speed,
Heading & Radar
As from July 2010 all vessels over 3000 gt engaged

on international voyages will be equipped with either
a VDR or SVDR.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
31
OPERATION
The unit should be entirely automatic in normal
operation. Means should be provided whereby
recorded data may be saved by an appropriate
method following an incident, with minimal
interruption to the recording process.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
32
(Contd.)
INTERFACING to various sensors required should be in

accordance with the relevant international interface
standards, where possible. Any connection to any item
of the ships equipment should be such that the
operation of that equipment suffers no deterioration,
even if the S-VDR system develops fault .Data items to
be recorded. Date and time, referenced to UTC, should
be obtained from a sourceexternal to the ship or from an
internal clock. The recording shouldindicate which
source is in use.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
33
(Contd.)
The recording method should be such that the timing of all other
recorded data items can be derived on playback with a resolution
sufficient to reconstruct the history of the incident in detail.
Ships position Latitude and longitude, and the datum used,
should be derived from an electronic position-fixing system
(EPFS). The recording should ensure that the identity and status
of the EPFS can always be determined on play back.
Speed through the water or speed over the ground, including an
indication of which it is, derived from the ships speed and
distance measuring equipment.
Heading as indicated by the ships compass.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
34
(Contd.)
Bridge Audio
One or more microphones positioned on the bridge
should be placed so that conversation at or near the
conning stations, radar displays, chart tables, etc., are
adequately recorded. As far as practicable,t he
positioning of microphones should also capture
intercom, public address systems and audible alarms on
the bridge.
Communications Audio
VHF communications relating to ship operations should
be recorded.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
35
(Contd.)
Radar data, post-display selection
Radar information being presented on the master

display of the radar at the time of recording. Include any
range rings or markers, bearing markers, electronic
plotting symbols, radar maps, SENC or other electronic
chart or map that were selected, the voyage plan,
navigational data, navigational alarms and the radar
status data that were visible on the display.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
36
(Contd.)
The recording method should playback the entire radar

display that was on view at the time of recording, albeit
within the limitations of any bandwidth compression
techniques that are essential to the working of the SVDR.
AIS Data If it is impossible to obtain radar data then AIS
target data should be recorded. If radar data is
recorded, AIS information may be recorded additionally.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
37
Concentrator: usually an industrial grade computer which receives data from the
sensors, processes and encodes them, and then records the stream to the final
recording medium.
Sensors: all the external devices from which the VDR receives data.
Sensor interface unit: optional device providing additional input lines to the
concentrator.
Final recording medium (FRM): the capsule used to store the data, designed to
survive an accident and thus enable the recovery of the voyage data even in the event
of a catastrophic loss of the ship.
Dedicated power source: an external battery exclusively used to power the VDR for at
least 2 h in the event of loss of main and backup power source of the ship.
Bridge alarm unit: a remote interface to manage the VDR and acknowledge system
alarms and warnings.
Replay stations: one or more optional personal computers used to download and
review voyage data from the concentrator.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
38
Continuity of operation
To ensure that the S-VDR continues to record events during
an incident, it should be capable of operating from the ships
emergency source of electrical power.
If the ships emergency source of electrical power supply
fails, the S-VDR should continue to record Bridge Audio from
a dedicated reserve source of power for a period of 2 h. At the
end of this 2 h period all recording should cease
automatically. The time for which all stored data items are
retained should be atleast 12 h. Data items which are older
than this may be over written with new data.
Topic : VDR /SVDR
39
Key Criteria
All
types of incident or near miss not just major
catastrophes , the idea being- lessons be learnt.

Produce hard data - no reliance on human
memory.
User friendly/accessible in real time \ information
For any type of vessel
Topic : VDR /SVDR
40
Limitations of
VDR
and
S-VDR
Training to activate the memory function after an incident to
prevent recording over.
There is currently no hard set standard for how long the VDR
data must be retained,
While gathering audio recordings of the Bridge, it also
captures cellphone conversations .
Regulations say nothing about the format of the recording;
investigators are forced to rely solely on the help of the
builder of the system. some of the data were not even shown
by the official replay software of actual Costa Concordia
accident in 2012,
Topic : VDR /SVDR
41

VDR N SVDR

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To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

An end to the unexplained marine

Topic : VDR /SVDR

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Performance Standards for

Topic : VDR /SVDR

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A VDR (& S-VDR) with capabilities not

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Topic : VDR /SVDR

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Permit (VDR & S-VDR) subsequent analysis of factors

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Final recording medium

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Final recording medium should be installed in a

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

.4 be of a highly visible colour and marked with retro-reflective materials; and

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Long-term recording medium

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

The minimum amount of data items to be recorded by the VDR is specified.

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Heading: This alone provides an investigator

A1MC Semester 1/NAV AIDS / December2013 /KJH

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Items to be recorded (Contd)