MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION

KONSEP DASAR MIKROSKOPI

1.

2.

Sifat material sangat dipengaruhi oleh struktur mikro,

komposisi kimia dan cacat (defects)
Microscopy dimensions meliputi bentuk butiran dan
ukuran atau diameter butiran
Microscopy examination
sangat penting untuk
mempelajari struktur
Mikro dan karaktersitik dari
material

KEGUNAAN PENGAMATAN STRUKTUR MIKRO

1. Untuk menganalisis sifat dan struktur mikro termasuk

cacat di dalam material
2. Untuk memprediksi sifat material
3. Untuk merancang paduan dengan kombinasi sifat baru
Struktur mikro: ukuran butiran dan bentuk butir
Figure 1: Low (100X) and high
(400X, magnification bar is 25
m)) magnification views of the
ferritic stainless steel specimen
(left and right), etched for 2
minutes at 1 V dc using aqueous
60% nitric acid. These two
images were used for the study.

TEKNIK MIKROSKOPI
1. OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
2. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM)
3. TRANSMISSION ELECRON MICROSCOPY (TEM)

OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
1.
2.

3.

4.
5.

Sumber: cahaya
Prinsipnya
gambar
yang
dihasilkan merupakan hasil
pantulan cahaya
Hanya mengamati struktur
mikro
pada
permukaan
(logam, keramik, dan polimer)
Pembesaran
gambar/foto
hanya terbatas sampai 2000X
Dikenal sebagai
metallographic technique

TEKNIK METALOGRAFI
Struktur mikro konfigurasi/distribusi
fasa padat yang dapat diamati
dengan teknik metalografi
Prosedur dalam teknik metalografi:
SECTIONING
MOUNTING
GRINDING
POLISHING
ETCHING

SAMPLE PREPARATION OF METALLOGRAPHY

It consists of following operations.

SECTIONING: Cut a small piece from parent
material by fracturing, hacksawing or abrasive
cutting.
MOUNTING: If sample is small, first it is mounted
before further operation. This can be done by
Mechanical Mount, Compression Mount, or Cold
Mount. In lab we will use Compression Mount.

SAMPLE PREPARATION
GRINDING: Grinding is perform to make surface smooth.

POLISHING: Polishing produces mirror like surface. Polishing is the

process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing it or using a
chemical action, leaving a surface with a significant reflection.
Example Aluminum Oxide(0.5, 0.1, 0.05), larutan diamond, pasta gigi,
autosol.

ETCHING: A dilute acid is react with the surface of the sample. This
operation is called etching. After etching, the grain boundries are
visible in microscope.

PENYIAPAN SAMPEL

Mikroskop optik

Grinding & Polishing Machines

PENGAMPLASAN/GRINDING

ETCHING

DIAGRAM FASA Fe-C

Baja, 0,38%C

-proeutektoid(ferit)

Fe3C-proeutektoid (sementit proeutektoid)

+ Fe3C (perlit)

Baja, 1,4%C

GRAIN SIZE DETERMINATION

The average diameter of a grain is represented by a

number called ASTM number.
ASTM number for any metal or alloy can be calculated
by using the formula,

Where n is ASTM number; N the average number of grains

per
square inchi at a magnification of 100X.

CONTOH SOAL

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Fig. 6. Typical SEM fractographs of Charpy impact samples

austempered by (a) 220 C 24 h, (b) 240C 12 h

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Nanoclay

Bainite ferrite pada baja