Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Systems
Faran Awais Butt
Madiha Jalil
School of Engineering
University of Management and Technology,
Lahore, Pakistan
faranawais@gmail.com
School of Engineering
University of Management and Technology,
Lahore, Pakistan
ms09141@gmail.com
Abstract-Electronic
counter
measures
and
electronic
counter
counter-measures
are
considered
I.
INTRODUCTION
lim
H=
4JZ'r2 tl
IE,12
II.
ELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASURES
213
A.
Noise Jamming
1. Spot Jamming
Jammer
B. Deception Jamming
Fig.l. Spot Jamming when the ECM system targets one frequency
2. Sweep Jamming
Range Deception
Velocity Deception
(
1
3. Barrage Jamming
214
S
J+ N
( (ERP)Ar +kT )
l 4n:R2B,
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::
' ' .....;. :...: :.: :
..
..
.,...l.
' ' ''oi'....
';'o L_=::::'j
1
3
(2)
IOo
where
ERP
.
.
Effective Radzated Power
10
10
Jammer peak power Watts
PC
.f
":lO r--'1'1'1'1
IT" mli
.f
__
LJ
::10
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-,
-rrrm---"
- '
, l-r
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I'
IT
l
I I I IIIII
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I I I IIIII
I I I IIIII
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j
j
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j
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10
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j
j
j
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:.11
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I
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10
10
Radar peak power KW
I I I IIII
10
10
-Pj O
-Pj SOO kW
'
,
r::c
-.:>
50
<=
O
-+--:>
en50
100
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
Detection range in Km
Fig.S S/(J+N) vs. Detection Range
40
45
50
(3)
A.
Pulse Compression
215
!!.R =
c
= __
(4)
2B
where!!.R = ra n g e re solution
B
= ba ndw idth
= pul s e w idth
(1)-10
o
E
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eno
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----1 -I-+-I-I-+I+I - - -+ I I I I I IIII
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,
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TI I I I I II
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I
I
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-'-I'''Tln- I
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10'
10'
10'
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T -l- I-Ii II
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,1.... I I I I III
-l""I l-I
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III
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(1)-20
u
c:
-3
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:
: _
: "l ... :l:l: __l_ _
:
: : __ _:__
: : : :
., ...
---'----r---'---I
---
---
----
---
----
10
---I
10'
B. Frequency Hopping
216
,--,----,--.--,
--1-- - - ---1- - - - t- - ---
--- ---1----+----
I
I - ----I1 - - - j-- - T
I -------I1 ----1
______
____ L ____
________
L ____
-;;;10
o
2:0
I-lI--lII-I'--"-"------'--"-'------a-'--"-"'--"-"----'--w-'
10 u----'----I
150
100
.
0
50
100
1
Azimuth Angle, deg
Fig.9. Nonnalized antenna pattern for 6 GHz radar having OdB relative
side lobe level
REFERENCES
[I]
[2]
,--,----,--.--,
1
______ ____ .L ____
--1- - - - ---, - - - ___
-;;10
___
____ .L ____ L _
- ---
J ____ l ____
I
I
--1-- - - ---1 - - - - +- - - - - I
[3]
[4]
I
I
________
l ____
I
-- ---1- - - - +- - ---
[5]
[6]
[7]
150
100
0
50
Azimuth Angle, deg
100
Fig.10. Normalized antenna pattern for 6 GHz radar having -45dB as the
relative side lobe level
[8]
[9]
[10]
[II]
D. Polarization
[12]
J.D
Mosinski,
"Electronic
Countenneasures",
Tactical
Communications Conference, 1992.
G. Foglia, "ECM counteracting SLB: Analysis and effectiveness
evaluation," Radar Conference, 2008.
F. Bandiera , A. Farina , Danilo Orlando , Giuseppe Ricci, "Detection
algorithms to discriminate between radar targets and ECM signals,"
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, v.58 n.12, p.5984-5993,
December 2010.
J. Schuerger and D. Gannatyuk, "Deception Jamming Modeling in
Radar Sensor Networks," Military Communications Conference,2008.
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G.V Morris and T.a.Kastle, 'Trends in Electronic Counter-Counter
Measures," Proceedings
of
IEEE National
Telesystems
Conference,Atlanta,v.1 ,p 265-269,March 1991.
J.M.Guo, J.X.Li and Q. Lv, "Survey on Radar ECCM Methods and
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Wigner-Ville distribution," IEEE ICASSP -96, 1996: 3105-3108.
1. C. Wise, "Summary of Recent Australian Radar Developments,"
IEEE A&E Systems Magazine, 2004(12): 8-10.
C. E. Cook and W. M. Siebert, "The early history of
pulse
compression radar,"IEEE Trans. Aerospace and Elec. Systems, v.
24, no. 6, pp. 825-833, Nov. 1988.
B.R. Mahafza and
A. Z. Elsherbeni, " Simulations for
Radar System Design" Chapter 05, July 2003.
S.L.Johnston, "World War 2 ECCM History," Supp!. To IEEE Int.
Radar Conf. Rec, May 6-9, 1985,pp 5.2-5.7.
IV. CONCLUSION
The paper provides an over view of the electronic counter
measures and the electronic counter counter-measures. A
better ECCM gives supremacy to the ground based radar
systems, where as an ECM systems exalt the superiority of jet
aircrafts.
217