Beruflich Dokumente
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CERTIFICATE
External Examiner
Examiner No
Principal
JNV,Jorhat
ACKNOWLEDGE
I take the opportunity to express my deep
regards and profound gratitude to my honourable
teacher Mr. M.K Sahoo(P.G.T Physics) for his valuable
guidance,vital support and encouragement through
out the course of this project. His blessings,help and
support from time to time shall carry me long away in
the journey of life on which I am about to embark.
I also would like to express a deep sense
of gratitude to our honourable V.Principal Mr. Vinod
Kumar for his support and encouragement.
Lastly, I thank Mr K.B Chetry, Lab
attendant, my parents and all my classmates for their
help and constant encouragement during the entire
span of my studies here at Jawahar Navodaya
Vidyalaya, Jorhat.
INTRODUCTION
Whenever an electric current flows through a conductor,
a magnetic field is immediately brought into existence in the
space surrounding the conductor. It can be said that when
electrons are in motion, they produce a magnetic field. The
converse is also true i.e. when a magnetic field embracing a
conductor moves relative to the conductor, it produce a flow
of electrons in the conductor. This phenomenon whereby an
e.m.f. and hence current is induced in any conductor which
is cut across or is cut by a magnetic flux is known as
electromagnetic induction.
Faradays Experiment:
The following experiment performed by Faraday led to the
discovery of the electromagnetic induction.
When the strength of magnetic field is varied:
Consider two coil P and S wound on an iron rod. Iron rod is
connected with galvanometer, battery and tapping key. When
tapping key is pressed and when it is released galvanometer
shows deflection showing the presence of induced current.
Explanation : When the tapping key is pressed then
magnetic flux linked with the coil S changed because of
increase in magnetic field of coil P and induced current is
produced and when it is released magnetic flux is again
changed and induced current is produced. But when the
tapping key is kept pressed then the magnetic flux linked
with coil do not changed and induced current do not produce
so galvanometer shows no deflection.
e = -Bln
The negative sign shows that induced e.m.f. opposes to the
coil being pulled out of magnetic field
Mutual Induction :
Consider two coil P and S are placed very close to each other.
Coil P consists of battery and tapping key and coil S consists
of galvanometer G. When the key of coil P is pressed then
magnetic flux is building and induced e.m.f. produced in it
opposes the flow of magnetic flux. Because coil P and coil S
are very close to each other. So magnetic flux also changed
in coil S and induced current is produced which opposes the
direction of flow of magnetic lines of force in coil P.
The phenomenon according to which an opposing e.m.f. is
produced in a coil as a result of change in current or magnetic
flux linked with a neighboring coil is called mutual induction
Coefficient of Mutual Induction :
Suppose that current I is flowing through coil P and f be the
magnetic flux linked with coil S
faI
f = MI
M = Coefficient of mutual induction.
Let e be the induced e.m.f. in coil S.
e=
M=e/
Self Induction
Consider a coil connected to a battery and a tapping
key. When key K is pressed magnetic lines of forces starts
growing through it and induced e.m.f. is produced. Direction
of induced e.m.f. is opposite to that of growth of current. On
the other hand when key is released the current in the coil
decreases and e.m.f. is produced in opposite direction. Thus
during both growth and decay of current an opposite induced
e.m.f. is produced. This e.m.f. is called back e.m.f.
The phenomenon according to which an
opposing induced e.m.f. is produced in the coil as a result of
change in current or magnetic flux linked with the coil is
called self induction.
Coefficient of Self Induction :
Suppose when key is pressed, current I flows through the coil
and magnetic flux f linked with the coil.
faI
f = MI
L is called coefficient of self induction.
Let e be the induced e.m.f.
e=
e = (-ive sign shows opposing nature of induced e.m.f.)
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M=e/
Self inductance of a coil is said to be one Henry if a rate of
change of current of 1 ampere per second induces an e.m.f.
of one volt
Eddy Currents :
Eddy currents are the currents induced in a conductor, when
placed in a changing magnetic field. They are also known as
Focaults Currents.
Following experiment explain the origin of eddy currents.
Introduce a soft iron core inside a solenoid and connect it to
the source of alternating current. Place a metallic disk over
soft iron core.
force metallic disk placed over soft iron core is thrown up into
the air.
2. Speedometer :
In speedometer, a small magnet is
geared to the main shaft of the vehicle. The magnet is
mounted in an aluminium cylinder with the help of hair
springs. Due to rotation of magnet eddy currents are
produced which led the drum to oppose the motion of relating
magnet drum experience torque and gets deflected at certain
angle.
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CONCLUSION
Magnetic fields and electric fields are both components of an
electromagnetic wave. In such a wave, the electrical and
magnetic fields potentiate each other. Within most electrical
circuits, an electromotive force, or EMF is produced by a
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITES:
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google.com
quora.com
wikipedia.org.in
projectsyappa.com
BOOKS:
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