Z88AURORAEXAMPLEMANUAL:

EXAMPLE29:THERMALMECHANICALANALYSISOFASPOON
(TetrahedronsNo.17with4nodes)

isaregisteredtrademark(Nr.302009064238)ofUniv.Prof.Dr.Ing.FrankRieg

ExampleManual

Anexampleoftheheatconductionandthusthetemperatureanalysisistobeaspoon.It
is simulated that the spoon held in one hand and a soup is eaten. The spoon was
constructed in Pro/Engineer Wildfire 5.0, imported as a .stl file and meshed in
Z88Aurora. On the stem where the spoon is held,a temperature is introduced by the
hand.Thesoupitselfgeneratesaheatflowthatoccursinthesuctionpartanddeliversit
tothesurfaceofthebowl.ThematerialofthespoonisanX5CrNi15/10stainlesssteel
with the material parameters: E = 200000 N / mm , = 0.29, density = 7.85e9
t/mm,=0.015W/(mmK)and=16*E061/K.
1.

Creatinganewprojectdirectory

Createanewprojectdirectory

andthentheychangethemode"Linearmechanical"

tothethermalmodule"Steadystatethermal".

Figure1:ChangemodefromLinearmechanicaltoSteadystatethermal

1.
Import

ImportSTL
the

example

loeffel.stl

from

the

directory

"..\Z88AuroraVx\docu\examples\import\b29".
2.

Meshing

Thegeometryismeshedwiththe Tetgenmesher,lineartetrahedronsandamaximum
edgelengthof2.

ExampleManual

Figure2:MeshingofthespoonwithTetgen

3.

Pickingofnodes

Gotothepickingmenuand"nodepicking"andputthenonthreenodesets,a"fixed"
fortheelastostaticboundarycondition,oneforthetemperatureofthehand"hand"and
onefortheheatflux"soup",distributedonthesurfaceofthebowl,whichrepresentsthe
soup. For the elastostatic boundary condition and the temperature you need two sets
with the same picking nodes. Therefore click, after choosing nodes, twice on create
set, which can now be renamed as desired. The nodeset of the bowl is created by a
selectednodeandtheanglecontrolforsurfaces.Anangleof20isagoodchoice.

ExampleManual

Figure3:Nodesetsforboundaryconditions

4.

Boundaryconditions

ButtonPreprocessordefineconstraintsInthecontextmenuthenodesetshaveto
be assigned to the boundary conditions. The load, which is assigned, is a heat flow,
whichthesoupgenerates.Thisheatflow(0.2W)isdistributedtoallselectednodeslike
asurfaceloadintheelastostaticsimulation.Theothertwosetswillbeassignedafixed
position(deflection=0)andatemperatureof0C.Stop.Why0C?Herealittetrickis
used. In this example we are interested in the thermomechanical deflections and
stresses. Because a fixation and a temperature are assigned to the same nodes of the
stem, thermal expansions would be generate high stresses that would be wrong and
unrealistic. To neglect the thermal stresses, which result from the gradient of the
temperatures, weassign the temperature of 0C here. It is easier to understand, if we
4

ExampleManual

imagine two sets of temperature boundary conditions,for example about 70C at the
bowland20Catthestem.Thedifferenceis50C.Now,youcanassigninstead70C,
50Cinthebowlandinstead20C,0Catthestemtothepredefinedsets.Thus,the
thermalexpansiononthestemiszeroandrealisticstressescanbecalculated.Ingeneral,
itdoesntmatterfortheanalysiswhetherthetemperatureisgivenbyKelvinorCelsius,
butitisrecommendedforabetterunderstandingtouseC.
1.setsoup:Heatflow(distributed)=0,2W
2.sethand:Temperature=0C
3.setfix:Displacementsx,y,z=0
A consideration of the directions is not necessary! In contrary to the finite element
elastostaticsimulation,thethermalanalysishasonlyoneinsteadofthose3or6degrees
offreedom.

Figure4:Boundaryconditionsforheatflow,temperatureandfixation


5.

ExampleManual

Creatingmaterial

A typical material for sets of cutlery is stainless austenitic chromium nickel steel
(X5CrNi1810).ThismaterialalreadyexistsinZ88Aurora,buthereisanexplanationhow
tocreateanewmaterialwiththermalparameters.

Figure5:Createnewmaterialforthermalanalysis

6.

Solver

Firstofallmakesurethatthecorrectanalysistypeisselected.Thenstartthecalculation
withthesolverPardiso.
7.

Results

Theheatflowinthebowlgeneratesatemperature.Duetothegiventemperatureofthe
hand is established between these two, a uniform, stationary temperature
gradient.Because of the fixation of the stem and the gradient of the temperatures the
spoonexpandsconstantinthezdirection.Thestressesarehighestonthestematthe
junctionofthefixationandthenotchbetweenthestemandbowl.

ExampleManual

Figure6:Temperature

Figure7:TotalDisplacements

Figure8:Stressesatcornernodes