Epidemiology report

Zika virus

Single stranded RNA Virus

Genus Flavivirus, Family Flaviviridae

Closely related to dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis

and West Nile viruses

Transmitted to humans primarily by Aedes (Stegomyia) species

mosquitoes

Aedes species mosquitoes Ae aegypti, Ae albopictus

Also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses

Lay eggs in domestic water-holding containers

Live in and around households

Aggressive daytime biters

Latest update 29 feb 2016, affected areas America,

Oceania/Pacific Islands, Africa

Transmission

Through mosquito bites

Through blood transfusion

Through sexual contact

From mother to child

Epidemiology

First isolated from a monkey in Uganda in 1947

Prior to 2007, only sporadic human disease cases reported from

Africa and southeast Asia

In 2007, first outbreak reported on Yap Island, Federated States

of Micronesia

In 20132014, >28,000 suspected cases reported from French

Polynesia*

In May 2015, the first locally-acquired cases in the Americas were

reported in Brazil

Currently, outbreaks are occurring in many countries or

territories in the Americas, including the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands

Zika virus disease in the United States, 20152016

US States

Travel-associated Zika virus disease cases reported: 153

Locally acquired vector-borne cases reported: 0

US Territories

Travel-associated cases reported: 1

Locally acquired cases reported:107

Lastest update from CDC 2 march 2016

Zika Virus Incidence and Attack Rates

Infection rate: 73%

Symptomatic attack rate among infected: 18%

All age groups affected

Adults more likely to present for medical care

No severe disease, hospitalizations, or deaths

Note: Rates based on serosurvey on Yap Island, 2007 (population

7,391) Duffy M. N Engl J Med 2009

Zika Virus and Microcephaly in Brazil

Reports of a substantial increase in number of babies born with

microcephaly in 2015 in Brazil; true baseline unknown Zika
virus infection identified in several infants born with
microcephaly (including deaths) and in early fetal losses Some
of the infants with microcephaly have tested negative for Zika
virus

Incidence of microcephaly among fetuses with congenital Zika

infection is unknown
Rates of Microcephaly Over Time: the Americas and the
Caribbean

Treatment

There is no vaccine to prevent or specific medicine to treat Zika

infections.

Treat the symptoms:

Get plenty of rest.

Drink fluids to prevent dehydration.

Take medicine such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve

fever and pain.

Do not take aspirin and other non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

If you are taking medicine for another medical condition,

talk to your healthcare provider before taking additional
medication.

If you have Zika, prevent mosqitoes bite for the first week of your
illness.

During the first week of infection, Zika virus can be found

in the blood and passed from an infected person to a
mosquito through mosquito bites.

An infected mosquito can then spread the virus to other

people.

References

http://www.cdc.gov/zika/symptoms/index.html

http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/en/

https://www.google.ru/search?
q=who+zika+microcephaly&newwindow=1&safe=off&source=ln
ms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiP2uentKXLAhXnnXIKHWd5
AJIQ_AUIBygB&biw=1093&bih=479#imgdii=ugZY3QdA8-wXdM

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