i 40. T. ORHHOKOB PACYET CAMOJETA ~ HA [IPOYHOCTb us Gute aouayuonnnes oysoe u pakyaceroe F5) sosses0-42 YaK 629.736.33.001.24(0758) Onuaoxos 10. F. Passes camoaera na npouocts, «Mauimoctpoenmes, 1973, 392 ¢, * iS Bacrontien $ueGHOM OCOSAK MpEACine_weromM pacsers ceonmux wacret ceumnera xg aposno. Pac Sorgen cnocodw “onpesesenn marpysor aehcTap ear ‘ia cauoner, aX pachpedezenua il” ypaanoseunieatn iistowerd weroaw pacters. apaMoro’ i crpesntialiord ronocreanoro.wpbita Kak ® obsacty ca0Gonsxs, Nea seauoh vat» 9 nak sane, nupeson non paren foesanot pues cnpezefenin, wanpaesfora”coc7Or- huis uarpymemoro Yorwocrewnoro "xpluta np epabM- Mepnon " wanpene, oenemenst ocoGeumocna"pacters ht Maxey eying came TRMINe Tout PexoMenzein 0 _pactery _xpzter uarore yasisenia 'wnoroconatepontx” rowocress i Nononnitix, B sacriocrn, TpeyrOnDAES, Yanowend neroats pactern ua mowocts raccn caMe sera i anoprnsnpyiounrs yerponcTe. 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B Haluem caytae camuuvres U.13) YieToM duxtuaex pnep- cla a Kamo Mare tax: Pin=PR+G,cose; Ph Toactanana cwga (1. 12), noaysuw Ms. pe Pin +6, cos. 2X, Pn ~~ G+ Ons Jlerko ySenurece YGenurses w tom, ro canoer noc nox aehcranes . aa pe Maccopx (1.14) Gyner. waxoxuTics nes ecu &cOtaacn puatuny dazaSepa suyrpesne-yeuanh FON KOM HArpyKeRHM TOKAECTBEHE . noun Necto'B cocroynim aBmacenan ns & METHEND leHHO AHAAOTHYHO MoT Gus mb moaysenn ONPERETEHHA MACCOBIX CHI Ni as i Sopagme aa gBesen, Accom cus opm Henn canonera 9 waoeRce P= — 2% Gg 4G) Ba te ot Gig Pe & a a 8 — Gaile Hi tax xe —npw xBmKenun B naocKocru x02: 2 Pin — —G" Oy + OkgGopmansno moryyeHube BiIpaRenin MoxHO OSveRHKfIT TAK, ‘To onlenbibie paceMoTpennie sacTibie cayuan aBuaeHNA damonera Gyayr conepacathen 8 Tax dopmynax. Moaywast / . 2M P= TOO =F oF #] | | (ui7 |: B wactiux caygasx aBIKerHs caMomeTa, paccMaTpHBaeMEIx B Hopwax mpountocry, uMeereH B BIIAY BpallieHNe caMo.ieta OTHOCI- reabuo oguoi us ocek. CmenogeTeabio, Apa KoNtOHeHTa cyxNap- HOT MOMEHTa H , 110 KpaaNeH Mepe, Oita cocTanAmIOMaN cyNMap- nol cust o6pamaiores & nya. Mav noaygaem x3 (1.17) sanmcan- mnie pauce dopmyast (1. 14), (1.15), (1. 16). ep yt Pen Puc, 18, Jlax npauepa paccMorpam aBmxenne cagonera p BeprHKanb- oH msockoctH (pyc. 1.9), Korma BCe MONCHTM —ypaBHOBeMIeHs. Tlyerb noxwemHas cuaa casionera, pxmoNaR MONBEMity!O cHuty TOpH- sonrasbitoro onepena, Oymer P, a 20Go30e conporunnenne Q. Hs opuya (1.14) aanmuiem ¢ yaeTow npapiiaa saxon: =P P 3 Peo ——4,-44,. ni Pim GZ Ga =F Gn Orcioza pnako, 110 MaccoBile eHm B TOM cay¥ee MoryT GETS oven Tpocro BHULICHeHbI, ECAH HaBeCTHA eperpyska B AaHHOM Ha- npawnensn P= —nG, Pm=n,G, B 970m caysae Maccoshie cnlib aaBiicar 1 He gapucat OF KOOpAMMAT ee. Paceworpust eine ontx npamep (pue. 1.10). Bee cuss H Mo- MeHTH YPABIIOECMIeHM, sa NCKMONENNEM MoMeRTA OT SeporOR 18 KO OT BeCa TOUKH Myq (sox Moa ROApaaymessetca Tak HeypanHoBemienia wacTs wwoweura sneporon) Ha bopmya (1. 15} EM = — Mowe Fig Ee (— Mag P= — B npaxriecknx pacterax cuHTawrea aosuoneHwwamn Tameuet- lWHe ynpolenum Bupaxernh at YpABHOBCLINBAIOUUIX Harpy3OK. B OGbUHDIX CAMOMETHEIX KOHCTPYKUMAX pasHoc Macc THO OCH Y, Pon | Pn fire OTT] y Puc. 110, Pac. 1th kax npasuso, Gusaer veceMa Naa no cpanttenmo © KoopANa- ‘Tan x 4 2, nosToMy ZonycTHMO cuHTaT® Yn=O. Torna B namiem upumepe nonysnat . Pin= Ph = — Gage Ve npuuen J; =2O)22, tak KaK ta~0. B stom cayuae 8 xaxknoil rouxe Gymer cBom meperpyaka B Hatl~ pasnemint oct: tt 2 7 y= 8 macconite cium GyAYT NpOMIOpuMONAMbANL craTH¥ecKOsty meuty Beca Tounat (pic. 1.11) Mo~ 14, HATPYKEBHE KPBUTA (4.1. Onpeneaenne 1» pacnperexenue nosaymnol narpysKu Kpbta Kak yake Otino ckasaHo paxbule, uarpyxenue xpuscta sanaerea xopManui. HM H cileayer pyKoBoACTBOBATbCA, BLIABARA HarpyaKeHHe Kpbuta nepen ero pacteroM. 1sSecs ME a1MIs o-et KpaTKO PacckaxKeM oO xapaxrepe/paGorEe Ip ycrawonemsit NovepxHOCHHOR HarpyaKH x MaccoDEA i Hisnecruo, ro noxbemHag cima ‘Kpuita onpeaeaseden bop atyaoi f Pcs 2 (1.18) Me Gy — Kosdihunsent nomenuols cums xpoina; $= nnomans «puna; ve SE — exopoctuoi nanop. Han toro 4r06u Honnocts onpedeaars xapaxrep uarpymenwn pba, HYKHO Baath ABE Hs Tpex BeaNWEH P, Cy e. cangan- HX ¢ pexXHMOM nogeTa, HMeHHO Tak H cXemaHO B HOpMax. 3a- aeTen SKCIMYArduwoMaR Meperpyska, 8 HAMpaBAeHHH s10;cbeMHOA CHAM Ma, a TEM CAMEIM # SKeTAyaTaNHOHMAA NoIbeMReN CHa PyanG (19) {onecs G—nonermsi nec camonera) 1 axtGo cy, aHG0 cxopocrHoit Hauiop. Tax, » cayaae A, nanpumep, peraaMentHpyetcn rio=nomax 1 ey Cy max 3 opmyaui (1.18) naxoaures cKopocrHoR nanop pV yeas 2 tymaS" Tlo saaanuomy cy (B aaHHoM cayaae Cymax) onpenersercn yrom ataxx. B apyrux caysanx (nanpunep, A’, D’) saaaercs ny spopmyae (1.18) roraa onpereaseren cy, a #0 HeMy H yroa &TaKH, Pacnpenestenme MonbeMHol cH NO pasMaxy KpbiAa peKoNeNt- AYeTeH NPORIBOANT B cOOTBeTCTBHN ¢.AaHUEIM NpoRyBOK. B TOM ‘enywae, KOrfla TaKHx mpolysox Her, RouycKaerca uenoasa0BaHse TeoperiiuecKix TpWeMOB aSpOAMNaMMKM WUE cremambHNx rpabH- KOB, PeKomenyemerx HOpMamH. TloromMat HOABeMHaA CHa KDE ata ‘ty 8 20GOM ceveNNH Mo a9porMMamMUeCKoH Topi TOHKOTO Npodwas moxer OT» samicana TAK: £, (1.20) fy = CycenBees*L FAC Cyem —Kostpipanwent noxvenHow chasm AanHow ceseinn, been — aha cooTserersyioMlel xopM. Tlonpemnan cnaa Beto Kpsita (1.19) ¢ Momowsio (1.18) onpe- seanres (popuyzoh =0s@ n= ese, Onpeneayp orcioga exopocrHok nanop i Pala 2 eS nogerapua p (1.20), npuniae Bo BHMManHe, #70 S= bab (sagce bey — cpeanaa xopaa Kpbina; L ‘Torna paswax) ey cenbeer 00 121 6 fy Sie a2 Mu npyuian x dopuye, xoroplis noanoaner pecnpentaturs sinyio nokveMylo CHaY MO PSaMaxy KPNAR Vierno anxern, 70 menwnatia 50 aa (1.22) ects cpeanan norouliag Harpyska Xpbista, a npobuiAlt Gespasmepitill xosddiunent mpn Hei Xapakrepusyer HepasHoMepuocT wipKyAR- ist no pasmaxy. OGoana4H omiocTemuyio WipKyaAuIO B CeveHHIM KpBIMa, TAK ¥TO le 2 ra— Tenepo opuiyaa (1.21) sannmeres vax: af f Alaa naockoro TpaneywesaaNorg Kpbina pasmitutEx cyxena, © paSMHMAMMH MO AHHe’ NeHTpoNAaRaMN % KOpMaX NpowHOCTH tt 3 enpasommoh arepatype m0 aspoauanixe RaloveH TabsKis rpagixn xpuouix T no pasmaxy. Fa pue. 1.12 noxasan npumepistt BH puto Ws Taxa xpusite "Taxumt o6pasoM, pacnpenenenue sanantoh noxbeMHO CHa To pasMaxy naocKoro Kpsta cBoLWTeR MpaKTHINecKH x MOLGOPY Co- orserctayomel xpuwo# Tm npoctomy Yanowenwo ce opannar wa nocToaHasih MuoxHTeN> (1.22). [pH KeoGxomHMocTH HonycKaeTea unrepnonsties, ‘TOM cAYwae, KOrRa KpDUIO HMeeT TeOMeTpUCcKYIO HAH a9pO- Jumameveckyio 3axpyTKy, B Kodpitunent I BHocuTcA nonpasKa 3a caer aaxpyrau, Monpanka, BHOCHMaR p 3T0N cayaae, TaKKe AaeTeR 8 cupabowuol awreparype B Bine TaGam u KpyaLIx, TIpm moMOKUR onSTH KPARLX HeMpaBaNeTEN FAOAUIAS MOAYNEHHUAX paklee Ans MnO- cxoro Kpiina suavennit Tu aatem vke ywnowaeren wa (1.22), Tlonotmua xe cOpagom suoceten KoppexTnatl s Kpupyio I ecaen- colle Banawin na Kpsi1o Oieernxa it ono ABNTaTenR, 2 TawKe OTkAONeHUS saepouos HAM WHTKOB. B wopMax MeIorca Mo sTOMy Botlpocy Hcvepmusatoutue yKasanus, ‘bn i a Puc. 112. Puc. 118. Ocraioausten ene wa sonpoce pacnpeseneuun mo pasMaxy hoasensio’t cut crpectoBHiAKOrO KPBINA, ‘Kean et cooTaeTeTBYIOMKX AaHMBX KcepUMedTa, NPHOAUDKEM woe petnenne 370i aalauit BOSMOAHO TeM IKE MIyTeM, Ho B HCAD : Mpowx TMOMpABOK K Ko3tp- gnanenry T neobxonnno oSapaT cite nONpABKY ga cuet ctpenopnasiocri. Ha pwe. 1.13 moKasao xpuixo ¢ Mpawof erpeno- puaoctso %°. Yron crpe~ HOBMAHOCTH SHE 3aMe~ prercn mo — oTHOWIeNIHO K autnnH oKyeos, KoTopan Rpummuaeten 3a MpsaMyio 21. Hanami, 170 oky- cox B ceveHHH Kpbina Ha supaerea TOuK2, MONeHT ‘oruocutesbiio KOTopalt ¢o- xpanier nocrosithylo ReAHNHAY wa JIHHeHHOM Y¥aCTKe Cy BO. YF araxi a, TIpH TaKoN pactere ox HOroKHO! NOTBEMHOH CHICA CA Ayer NowuMaTe Marpyaky na eaMHNAy JaweI Kpoiia p wanpa ‘lo cx nop Nii wwe AesIO TOABKO ¢ ONKOL Ha coeTARAMIOULNX aspontanuuecko# ci 1a KpHAIO ¢ HoADEMHO!t cHLTOH. TTorouY!O cuny No6on0TO comporunmenua Haim Teneph ywe HeenoxHO (pac. 1.14) 2 Puc. 114, t,=t, ted. (1.23) Bnece tgo= Ss ¢_— Koapuusietr 10GoR0ro conpoTHaests. Toman :xe noroaua narpysKa t a 1.24) t= ose 0.29 Crporo ropops, yron 0 Gyzer nepewesnune no passaxy, Tax kax B popmyae (123) ce M Cy CYT KoxpybuMNeHTH ceveHEA, HO cauraeren JONyCTHMBIM SAMeHNTS HX COOTBETCTBYIOUNHM KOadbH- unexTani Kpbiaa. ' ‘Mui rloayainzu, rakHM oOpason, 1kOKHYi0 BosAyMNyIo HarpysKy xpbina i ce cocranamiomie B CKOPOCTHBIX OCAX, Puc. 116, Tlas pacuera yno6uee were cocrasaaiouine soronHoll HarpyaKit coax, cansaunx c ceveniem, Hafiem cocranmmoute noawolt BosayiiHoll Harpyskb no xopme cevenuA ff mM HopMann Hel fy (puc. 1.15). Ho pucymxa cneayer . p=0—a. Torna Ha teosp; tf = tsinB, nam, noxcrasass (1.24), ga 1, =O sit fat, 3Zan npsworo-Kpsina 31H Aarpyaki u OyayT wenoasaonaNst npr pacuere. B cayuae CrperonuaHoro KpBINA NX NpHZeTeR eIlle npe- OGpasopare, oTHOcA K ocH 2, (cM. pic. 1.13). OG oto Gyner ckagaHo Hike, ‘ tant obee t Pree Puc. 116, Lentp xannenma p ceventax xpeiaa maxotuten ¢ moMbuLso aeponinannseckHx Qopeya, onpedenmounx woromnbi MoNeHT Kpslaa oTHocuTensHo Mepestueh KpomKH (pHc. 1.16): C,Beeq 1 latory KycpPea tm gba 1 boy Tae Cm — KoapguuneNT MOMeHTA. Orcona wa, Poo on TaK aK On Cy ee ’ Powe ty Bnecs TaKKe AonyeKaeTeH KOSdpUUNEHTH CeTEHVA Cm M Cy 38 MeuiATh cooTReTcrayioUUIMn KospuuneRTANK Kpbiza. Torma UeHTp Aaprenus OyneT Ha NOCTORHHOM MpoweHtTe XopAu. Tan paciera wepmop « MaHenel Kpbiza Ha MecrHy!o npowMocTs, Juv craTHeckix HeMMTaRWi, a TaKMe ANA yTOWHeHHOTO pactera xpbita ¢ GONbIUOH CrpemoBAANOCTEI Tpe6yeTeR sHaTb pacnpe- Renente noromNol noszymmof MarpysKM Tio mMpopuaio ceenua (uo xopze). Sta aazata (rakxKe sHcTO aspomnHammMyecken) HomsaTa pemarecs mad Ha OcHoRe jlanKEIX CooTRETeTByWiliero SKcrepaMeRTa Rau, ecan a eTARHH MpoeKrHpoBaHHA ux elite Her, c TOMOILIO reoperineckix mpuenos, Mm ne Oyaem usnarars ayeck 9TH BO- mpocki. OTMeTAM JMU, "TO, HenomMaya cnpasorHyt auTeparypy no ASPOaNRAMHKe, MOXHO NOCTpoHTh rpaduKM pacnpexenenna as AenRA Ho MpoisiIo a SaDHCHMOCTHE OT Cy cex H nq. CooTBeTeTayt: lw pacterom ompenenserca weoGxo-nMak Kpubaa RannenMaTaK, WTOGM MAOMAAS, OrPARNTEHHAR €10, PABHALNACe TOTORHOM HArpysKe 1B AaRHOM CeveHMH, a UeETP TAMECTH ee cOBNaA C UeNTpOM Aae- acHKs. 4 Tax Wan Have, Ha octone oKcrepAMerTa HH aNCTO pacternuM ftyrem onpeneasercit yemuian warpysKa Na efunally nOBepxHocTH ‘xpiiaa B au0604 ToWKe. Bepuenea teneps cosa K sonpocy pacuperemenus warpysKH no paamaxy erpenosnuoro Kpsiaa (pitc. 1.17). Tposetem oc x” meptenauxyaapuo x amuun doKy- cop 2 (cM, pre. 1.13) Tax, srobit ‘6pasonate panoneniKoe Tio n.10- | mau mpsmoe pia. Va rosKH mepeceieiits 9th ocu ¢ oc- ‘KOCTSIO CHMMETpRH caMoaeTa Tp0- Rexem och 2 MepnlenANKyAApHO Mlocneauel H ocb 2* napanaerbno aunt oxycos. ‘CunraeM, To wit ye onpeze- , Yeneiinto npaMeniestial npH pacucre OHNAaKHELX KOPOGOK, NPHBOAUT K HeyJosseTmopHTenbRLM pesyabtaram. T, Passoneltersyiouan agpoaHHaNstveckux cup ceNenutt (es 21) oxasadace BecuMa 6anaKO K TepeMseMy sJOHACepONY kepowa. 2 ame. 175 382. Tnyxnowxeponine H saTem MnoronoiKepoRHBe KpHADA C axecrKo O6tuBxOl Ha ropa. Hyren cosnantust TAKHX xpULtbeR y>Ke He KaxeTea aOTHYECKIM GiencTBHeM ecocTosTeMDHOCTH «MeTORa puvara> H noToMy ocTaHosfincs a 9TOM noRpoGHee Tockonpky sKcnepuMenTaruHo oSuapyreHa caa3s MexAY TOH- 2keponaMM wepes HePBIOPHi, OABHLTACe HEOOXOAKMOCTD YuECTS ce, ‘robs waitewmnee onpeteanTe Harpysky aoqnkepowon. Taxan sanava Obiaa pewens. Toseuaca weToa, yuurMBaioulit onmy KouLeayio HepBIOPY, a 3a HAM M Goze caCKHWE peweHHA ot Teopernueckss 1 sxcnepHMenTanbHo ciaogam cxeMa KpUTA Ota Nay¥eNa, H CTaAH ONEBARAK WieH ee YcoBepeNcTBoRANTiA: You.TuTS eaAab MEKAY AOIKEPONANH H Te CAMEIM AOTPYsHT® 3amHKz TON 2KepOR TYTeM NCeMepHOTO OBLIMIEHNA ACTKOCTH TOIOKEDOHOS (a, caexonaTeasHo, Kpwaa B_ueTOM) Ha Kpyvedne. LApoKHe KopobuaTHle aowKePOR, XKecrRM, paoTarolluni Ha Kpyuektie HOCOK Mpodian H, HaKOHCU, 2KECTKAX OGUIMDKA Kpuaa ud Toppa— stants ocyriectayenna STOW wack. Hamesenniil nT’ passHTiA KoHCTDYK- Hi OKasdACA MPABMADHLM, ROAR YuaCTHR BrOporO KACHHOM (He 1x cobcrBewuoi). Hosmaserca oGiian uelirpanbitan Ocb ceae- ug. Mento nosTOMY TAKKe KOHCTPYKUMH HasbBaloreR MOHOG.AON- ubiMu. Hassauue nosiepksaer emHcTso SmemenToD ceveHms. B cpa ¢ Te, UT TOHKOCTeHMe KONCTPYRIJLA PesKO OTW- wawren tio, cHmonoH cxeMe OT AOHACpOUAKX KpbiMbeD, AAR HX pactera HeoGxo.WM Ghia OCOOKIA METOR, NOSBOAAIOMINA paccunTs- avs KOMCTPYEKMO B HetOM, Gea leHeHUA Ha OTMeAbEBE 3:1eMERTH, Kak 990 AesaAOck MPH PACteTe TOHWKEPONNEEX xpeiabeD. Baaroxapa pa6oram, TaxeMaM O6PaI0N, COBETCKHX YICHMX B Hactoauyi moment paspeulert ocuoDEie NpOGAeME pacteTa TOHKO~ cremnoro Kpbiae. Hceneaonanie 9THx ciorkm'ix nompocon nociy- HiM10 TONTKOM ALIX PABBUTHA CaMOcTOATeNBHOTO pagena crpol- ‘TesiwHoH MEXaMNKM — CTPOETeABHO MeXAMHIKH TOUKOCTeHMHNX KOM copys. Ockosume sacnyrn B HecmeAOBAHHIN ABeNHT, MPONCXONAILEX B MonOGaoHIOM KPUMIC, a TAKKE paspaGorKa MpakTHNecKHx NeTOLOR “1nx pacuera npuwaznexkar copetcKomy yaewomy B. H. Beasepy. Ho ocHovawnn rayGoxnx cctogosanuit 8 1932—1934 rr. us GUAM Tpeanoxerd Mevoap pacteya TOHKOCTeRUEX KpHAbeR, NOAYIABLINE Bceobuiee pacpoerpaxeuse Wi npwsnanue. MeTont, paspaGoranme B. H. Beasensim, coxpaiinaycs mpusenmioten “Tam, rae nope caxropss, CBAZAHHBE CO CTPENOBHAHOCTIIO KPLUNA, BUpEBAMIL TAP. noaBonsior 910 enaTD. ‘Boabiwolt ak1ag 8 eNO pasnliriA MeTOROB pacteta ToMKOCTeH- max KoNCTpyKUM Gua cnenan Tanxe A. A. Ywanckus, HM mpea- aoxena yioGia moKenepuas rHnoTesa Mam peliieHitA npoSaeMmut ‘ TONKOCTeHHOTO KPHLta HF AHO HBRUOe Peuenne. Opurn- HaabMwit MTom pacteTa TOHKOCTeHHOTO KPLUa ¢ ABYMA JOKEKEpO- naw aaa E. IT, Ppocewan. Bosmitthe secayrn B o6nacré pacsera ToNKOCTeHHX KONeTpyKIMHA HocioT TaKKe coBercKne yuenbier B. 3. Baacos, A. 10, Pomaweccna, C. H. Kan, H. A. Caepatoa, B. ©, Kncenen, H. ©, O6pasios 4 ‘2p. B aamnoit paGote npobtema pactera TOHKOCTENILX KOiICTpYKIGIA Oyaer sarpouyra snub p caMofl ResHaNuTersHoi sacri, Unrarens, axenatoullero Gore MOApOGHO OSHAKOMHTHEA ¢ STEM WHTEpeCTENUTHIM PasaenoM cTpoHTenbHOH MexaMUt, MH OTeHAAeM K CRENMANBHOR aureparype. . Kax Giro ckasaHo BBE, TOKOCTeNHAR KOKCTPYKUNA sBHACh ceneTaHEM CrpeMaeHI KOHCTPYKTOpOB MaKcHMaanHo pasKecrH OT nefirpanbHow Och MaTepHas, paGoraoMM wa WOpMactbubie NanpA~ akennia, Huenso 9TH coospaxkeaua MORCKASEBAAH HlealeCooGpasiocT’ Samemt Ayx JOWKepowOR ¢ MaCcHEHRIWH MOMKAMH. HeCKOADKINT TOWKepOHAMM, @ gaTeM H CrpHHrepaM c MaKBIMT MAOULAAAMI Coxe: Hus, HO c Gonee yaaneHHaMn OT NeftrpamblofH och weHTpANH TaMecTH, B cnete 97Hx tae raaakas, paGoraowan Ha nopmasibaue Manpmcentia oSmMBKA npencrasiiaa coOOR Mpeterbuee, a cuead~ TerBHO, H HaRnGonee BAFOANO pasHecerHe aTepiiana. Ho TaKOe PaccpexororeHHe MaTepHaga M cBAZAHNOe ¢ HIM yMeHoLIeKNe pas: Mepos monepevuux cere BreKI0 3a coGoh HM apyroe, yaKe HenpusrHoe o6cToRTeAKCTRO — cHIPKeHHe padoTocTOcOGHOCTH 9e- Menton KONCTPYKIWI H2-3a BOIMORHOR MOTEDH UMW YcroHsmBOCTH. Teikcranteavuo, 8 toinkepowax MpeKHUX KONCTPYKUNA UMeAHCH Maccunuie MoaKn, Gale Beer TpyGuatoro cexeHuR, KOTOPHE MOA: AcpXMBAAHC 2 OANOM RanpaBaeHMH crenKou, a 8 sApyrOM —0O- INBKOH, Takwe Naki aowKepoHO AOMYCKaaH sHaUUTEALKNE Cx MaloMlMe Nanpmkeguis, BeCbMa GausKHe x Npeweay mpowHocTH Mare pana B TOHXOCTeNHol ae XOHCTpYKIUMN HOpManbinise HANpsDKEMHS B0¢- puuiiwaior He TOMbKO AOHKEpORH, COXPAUMBLIAE LOCTATONHO MOKK- ible NloaKW, noxAepxKauMe oT NOTepH ycroliyABOCTH OOUIMBSOA H crenKofi, no H crpaureps ¢ oOummBKoR. Mexay nepoiopanm crpHit Tephi v OGMIHBKA He HNCIOT HAKAKHX Oop, NPenATCTByIOMINS Hepe- Meutewuna Tio HopMaal K OOMIMBKe, H TAK Kak XECTKOCTS UX B a STON. ManpanaennH HeBeMuKa, ONK cHocoGiNs TepsTE yeroumRocTS Tp HanpmkenuAx, ataMutTeTBEO MeNbIBHX, NeM PaapyilaioulHe, TaKuM o6pasom, c O7HOH CrOpoHl, Mepexon K TONKOCTeHHOMY Kpbiay Mosnosiner oOrTECH Goace BNCOKNX HanpaeHN Bo BCEX Saevertax, paGOTMOUIX Ha HOPMadDITe HatIpsOKeUAN, M 9TO, Ge- sycaonto, BhiTonHo, Tak KaK MosBonseT B Gombweh creme HC noapaonars paorocnocoGitocr MatepHata. Ho, ¢ apyroit croponts, apoGaewwe Marepwana nenet x HoTepe ycrofvmBocTn sneMeHTOR mpoxoaniora vaGopa (ctprareps, oGuINaKa) A TEM caMUM He nOsBOAReT HOAYHTS B STHX SiteMeHTaX 2KeAaeMHX BLICOKHX KanpA- akeHNi, ITO nlocaedMee OGCTONTEADCTBO HACTOADKO CYLLECTBEHNO, YT wa neponit BATARN MOET cAecTH Ka. Ket BUTOAM ToUKOCTeMHOH KOHCTpYKUEH. > . Ten He Metee, 9To He Tax. TorKocrentioe xptisio, ne yerynan NOWKEPOHLONY 110 BCY, OKAAAROCE REcHMa YRAYHEIM B OTHOMENNH ero ecrKocTH p mpouecce sxeHayaransn. Y TOHKOCTeRHOTO KpHAa oka 3HauHTeADHO BbiLNe, YeM Y AOHAepoMHOrO, Sta ypesbUNAhyo Daxkiiaa XapAaKTepHicTHKa COBPEMeRHOTO KPHAA, 4 TAKKe HeKoTOpHe Apyrie (aspotananniaecaste, skcnayaralmoniue 1 TexHomortwe- ckHe) KaYecTBa NOSBOAHTH OKOHYATEABHO PeWlHTL BONPOC B HoAbsY ToUKOCTeRHOA KONCTPYKILHM Tipwanm sucokoh xecrxocT TOHKOCTeHHEX KpBAbEB B MPO- uecce sKcrayarannn GyAyT sci MOCKe OsHaKOMeHHE ¢ MeTORAN paciera, HO Sech MONO BCE-TAKH KAMECTHENAO NORCHETD 3TO. Ceseuua suiementos KONCTPYKURH HOASHPAWTCA, KAK HSBECTHO, a paspyillaiouliyio HarpyaKy, aHasHTeRbHO NpeBuUlaloLyI SKenAya~ ranwonnyio (2 15-2 pasa). TIpa taxux HarpyaKax "Towkocrenmue aaesenter yaKe Tepaior Ycrohwupocts padorawT HenoAMOCTEND, NosTOMY NOAGHpawres © HEKOTOPLIM SaBNIIeHHeN. Tipm sxcnayaranwonssrx xe HarpysKax sToh notepy yerotiamno. CTH MomeT 4 He Obirs, SaeMesTH paGora!T MoaHOCTEIO H CoOTHET- craywoulne Hanpaxeuns Wx x AebopMaunn GyayT NeHbuIe Tex 2Ke AeGopNauiih H KANpAKeHAA B KONCTPYKUUH, NOZOGpAHTO# H pabo- ‘ravonleh 20 paspywlenks 00 saKony TyKa. TaKHM o6pa30M, RB..eHHe NOTEpH YcrOHuIBOCTH B TOHKOCTERHOR KOHCTPYKUME LOAKHO Gut apHAATS BO BHMMANKE Ye NH KoNCT- PYHponauit m paciere H AOMYcKaeTeR KaK AOMKHOE MpH Marpys- KaX, MpenwuIMOMMx oOuMHEe B SKcnayaTanHM HarpysKH. STO ReChMa CYMMeCTeHHOe OGcTORTeNDCTBO 3HAYHTERBHO OCAOKNeT cuaowyio cXeMY KONCTPYKUMM, SHOCHT GombiNKe TpyaHocTH pH onpeneaennn vanpaxeni nebopmannit Kpbiaa ¥ conyrereyer BCEM BUKIAIKAM H COOGPAXeHHAM, USAOKHHLIM B 9TOM pasnere xypea. ' Cxoxnocrs satenni, na6moraemux npH Harpyxentn ToHKO- ereHHX GaaoK, H TpYAHOCTH yeBocta BToro pasdena sacranawOT NpeanocnaTe WaAOReMHIO MeTOROB PacseTa NowoGaONHOTO KpLAAa paane:t, NoscHsWMIHA CcobeNHOCTA paGora Ha CKaTHE H pactame- He TonKoctentsix nanenel. B we Gynet noxasana dusnueckes aKapriiia Ha6moaeMBX B 9TOM CAYUaE NBMCHU H, HOKE 97H ABAC- frst Ha Naver He CHOKUM, NoscheH Mpmest yrportenia cHnOBOK ‘cxeMBL KORCTPYKUIE. é 2.2.2, Okarue xpyxerpmxrepHok masses Ha pyc. 2.10 wso6paxkena cama mpocras nanenb ¢ AByNA ‘cipusirepasy, aoinoanerias Ha onutoro starepHaaa. Ha Hem oGosHa- ueno: d— sama maven, b— Uapana naiteaH, Tlyero x matieam mpHaoxkena CKHMAIOLaA KarpysKa MO MeHy- eli #3 cTOpoH, HpHuem mponece Harpyrxennx ocyecrasseTcR Ta- kuM OGpAsoM, TO MPONOATHALLE YAANHEHHA BCEX SAeMENTOR oAMHa- Konet 1 pasits 2. A Puc, 210. B stow cayaae, ovesuaiio, OyayT pasa u orHocaTembmBte yA euHIA NpOLOABHEE OYAYT BHO xpMBoanneHnsi, a MO Nepe yRaeMHA OF cepe- TuWM xpabHaiia Gyxer TanaTe XO yan BGANGK cTpHNrepoB (puc, 2.12). PYTipn aaasuelimen cikanint rane crpHirepts, ocrasuinecs ps: momnitelinimy, 6yayT NO-pexHeMy oxaskiBaTb compotuBaeHHe xe- opmanuian u danpaxexuin 8 wex GyayT Bospactats. Byayr TaKKe a. Puc, 2.12, Pac. 213. nospactarb HanpaxenHA » p OOUIMBKE, HO yxe HepaBHoMepiio: 6o- Zee HiTeiCHBHO BOA OT CTpHHFepoD aM Mestce uHITENICHBHO B ce- peauve nawean (anus 17 Ha pic. 2.11) *. ‘Tak MAK HHaNe, Ho ObtLee COMpoTHBAeHNe MaHeAK, XOTR H He aumeliio, 1io 6yner Bospactan no mepe yBeauuenHa Aebopmann. Tipu ‘naaouefimen warpy cium Manpaimennit 6yaer YueauiunBarbes, cxlenonarestbio, HRTeHCHBHOCTS pocra conporupae- Haw favem Gyaer Tatar» HB KaKoli-To MoMeNT CrpuHTepLt Hore- paior ycroilaupocts # HacrymaT paspyweine. Pacnperesenne Ha- IpwkeHul No IVpAve nade B MoMeHT paspyuleHitn HoKagaHO Ha puc. 2.11, xpusaa /1/, B ror mostexr B erpunrepax # Gausaiena- NIX NOAOCKAX OOMBKH RANpwKeHUe PABHO WeKOTOPOMY KpHTANC- ‘CKOMY Gorp. xp» HCCKOABKO OTAHYAWOMEMYCA OT KPHTHYECKOrO WanpA- 2keHUA OTULeHBMIO BasTOTO CrpHHTepa (MOACSHTaHHOTO, HANpHMep, 10 HapecTHof GopMyme Stisepa), Bostencraue MoaKperuiediia crpHHTepa yeactkom o6mIMBKH. [lo MApHHe OOMMBKN HANpHEKeMNe MedseTCH, crapno nanan » cepemye natrean, Ecan tellepb ua0Gpasirs Ha AwarpanMe cymatapitoe yenane na- nea P no nedopManin A, 10 Mbt NOAYSHM, O¥eBHAHO, HIpH MANE snavennax P npamyio, a Lanee HeKoTOpyi KpHBYIO ¢ HaKIOKOM KacavesHoll, GaNsKHN K HyaIO B NOMeHT paspymienna (pc. 2.13) Bxech M8 AamuelnteN MEL ne OYAeM NpAHEMATE BO BHKMEAME KarpHe- mt or narHGa «ponommnax OOUIEKH. 46Beawuma yeanun nanemt 1 oweWHAHO, sznmmeTer TAK ene UorepH yeroiuMaceTH OFUINBKH, 4° LeroFery + § Soombe, re d—ToAMAMKa OGwuBKH, A doom—NepeMenie sto seme Hanpaxenna 8 oCuHDKe. . Sagava onpeaeneua yeunnn P pacemarpusaerca B xKypce crponteabHol MeXaHIKH, H Mbt He GyseN ocTaHaBaNBaTeCH 3ReCb a 970M, 2, MeMOAKAys $1OT MpoctoH npuMep, HOKAKeN MiKeHep- Mule NPHeNi YMPOUIeHAA KPHBOH Goom MO X, MOAYNHISLINE MuIpOKOe pacnpocrpaienwe mpaxtuxe camonetoctpocuna. Sr mpiient Ciabho OOaervaior TPYA paceranka H-Ne BERYT K SHasHTeABHLM norpemHocrsw. Mu moxaxem anech yaa cnoco6a saMenbt KPEBOR Gorm, NO cyulectay cosepurenzo pannouennbtx. Puc, 2.14 Puc. 215, 1. Bygem cuxrats, sro Hanpsoxenme no miupilie manenn waMe- uaetca ne mo xpunoli A (pic. 2.14), a no mpepmsucroit amu: Ha CTpHNTepax HanpAKeNHe PaBHO HAMPHKENMO CYPHATEDE Seep. & NO ceil supine OSMIMDKH OUO paBHO cpeaKell neaKaHHe: ’ J ecsuade é Cyumapnoe yeurue navean, oveniatio, 8 stom cayuae ocTanercs * pena: 5 ee F ossude Poy = Fee Perp + 6“, a onepmposars 8 pacuerax yAo6Nee ¢ nocTomMMol pemmunnol Gots. cm HEM € HepeMeHHOH doom. Tipn Taxom paccmorpeswi IpuHATO TOBOpHi», sto OOWABKA pa Goract Ha HopManuwe naMpAxenHs HO BCell WMpHIIe, HOC Mlelt IIIA ManpsDKeHHIAAH, YeM CrpIMTEpE, 2. Dpyrot npuem, npeanoxenuisit B. H. Bennensat, sure overt HesuaunrenbHo OTAMGaeTCA OT TOALKO NTO HSAOKeHHOTO, HO OH moa Gonsusee pacupocrpaente stom caytae KpuBan A WSMCHEHH doom HO WNipHNe mayedM sameuseren mpepunicrok amnnek Tax, Kak HoKagao na pac. 2.15, B gto cayuae Npextonaraior, s1o HopManuiitie Nampskemna B TO Hockax OOLIHBRA WHDAKOH By/2, HenocpeacTBeHNO MpHyurKavoutiNx X CIpmurepy, pAaBHE HANpHACHAAN B QIPHHTEPAX Goxp, 2 B OCTATE- Woh YacrH OOLINBKH HOpMamHmte HanpaxcHa pasala Hyaw. Un [pHHA pucoeRMHeHOH MOMOCKH HAXOAHTCH HS YcHOBAH NeHSMeH- Hoctn o6mero yeuains mavemH: 2 P= 2ragGerp +8 { Goon dt = WFegery + 2“ Bex 2% sap t 24 orkyna Taxus o6pasom, 406M DuHCANTE WMpHHY mpacoemnnentiot nonockt OOUMBKH, HEOOKOANNO 2HATL JaKON Pachpeaeaentin Hanps- OKeHUA TO WIMpHHe TaHerH, KOTOpHH, MeKY NPOUHM, MeHAeTCA B Bavacuwocra OT creneum SarpyakenHocra WaneRM watt, UNGNC, OT BeATHKD! Gexp- TonoGuue saaaun paccwarpupaiorca B Kypee Crponrerbuoh Me~ XA@HWKK CaMOueTa, H Sek Mik OTPAHHUHMCA CCLIKO! Ha COOTBETCT- dytoulne crpasownmas, Tax, » cupanoinok xuure To pacyery ca Moaeta 14 Hpounocys [3] npxBOHTCR TaKaR Gopmyna a, Ve Se: 2. Vie b en Bnech #=3,6; Evtm ¥ Eerp—NORYIIA ynpyrocTa oGuIWaKH H expmirepa. Tipx Eo6m=Ecep b= 1,98 Vo = ea Tipe nponeaena pacuera Ha npeseabuyio ecywyio cnccoSaoer Naxend MplMennerea MeTOX GcAeIosaTeAbRUX NpRGAUAeNy > KoTOpOM Zaa HyacHoro NpHGaHKeHT B popayay (2.7) wan (2.8) . aTORCTABAHETEH Gorp.xps BHHCHEMHOE TO dopmyae Dtistepa Aas 130 Auponawnoro crpuktepa, B ngpnow mpHOmmxennn B sty ae dop- hyay mopctaBARCTCA Gerp. xm HORCHUMTaITHOe C yaeTOM MPHCOEAUHEH- nol monocku oulMBKH BiNpHfiok b0/2. Snece by Geperca us mpe- RUAYURETO NpUGAWKEHER HT. Fas Gone rpyOwx pacieToe Mpit ucTomsoRaHHH MaTepuana JIG mono npawennts TaKKe hopmyay 6, = 308. Snech wHpHHa npHcoeMuHeNo osocH yake We sapHeNT oT Seep. 2s Gxarne muoroerpunrepHofl naweaH Pacenorpim tenepr Gone cHoxuy!o Naxemp, mpencrasnsioilyio coGoh ToHKyo COMMDKY, MOAKPensteNH'y!O B MpoAGABHOM Hanpase- SUN HonKaMH JlOKXKepowon M rpilarepamn pastiux cevelHih ACA (pac. 2.16). MIpunorsnnt «nei A npoxonbayio CKHMAONLYIO Ra: Uncle teenie §— PySKY, ocytecraane npouece HarpyAenin Tak, WTO MPO ombime yAMAeHua Beex 9a1e- Fl F] Mewros onmarosst. Osesna- L} no, wr noayuume mpexito% |} kaprmay. T Pb. : a +, TIph aabix Harpysxax A I Fyuanpsakeune Gyaer onmnaKo- . L|| Amun no wcemy cexenso nane- awe (aucun 1 Ha pre. 217). | I°| Barem norepsen ycTofumpocth Ii} oGuteexa, « mpy narbuenineN t arpymetm KanpsokeNEs B 4 ei yay pace meaaetee, Puc 216 Xora oGmee conpoTanzenne : havea Gymet soapactarb. Hanpaxenut 8 mpoxonbatix peOpax Gynyt elle ommiakons, a NO OGIMDKE wis TOAyUEM, KDE bylo 6 ¢ Miponasastx mewsay crpanrepann (annus {7 ua pac. 2.17). C ynesimenuem KarpyaKH ta mavens NactynUT MONeHT, KOrZa notepmer yeroiiunoct cami caaGwlt erpunrep manent (cpextuit nia pic, 217), nocne yero Hampxena » nem Oyayt Dospacraty Kpaie weaacuuo. I[pu Aansieliwem uarpyxKcHun Mil TOAyTAN, overnnwo, xpuayw If, 3arem motepmoT yeroiwuBocrs Ba APYTHE , erpanrepa, pnugriae na prc. 2.17 onmaxonoro cevenus. Hans nehutah pocr HanpaRcHNi BMAX TA;Ke MpaxnHNecKtt npeKpa- TuTcs, W XpUBas ManpwoKenit GyMer eme caoxuee (KBAR /V Ha pre. 2.17). Tem He mene maken eure pa6orocnocobita. Hpu nann- Tefen CAATHX WaHeMN HAMpAAKCHAA B MOAKAX AOWAKepouOS Cyaye os eile Boapactars, caenonarensro, GyneT pactx u ome conporHs- SicHHe Mailer 0 Tex Hop, noKa He MoTepmOT ycTORUBocTS H He paspytaren MlonkH TOH:KepoKOD. Ecan a anarpamme nao6paant cynapnyo cay naxenn P ax QyHKUIIO OTHOCIKTERbO YAAIUNEHHIA FOWKEPOHA ex, TO MOAY- WHIM ReKOTODYIO KpHBYIO (pwe. 2.18) rd = m ? / 3 i S at 1 uaa iy” es € Puc. 217. Puc, 28. Caoxnil saxo pacnpexcaenna Hanpsaxennt oGumtaKe, 430 Sparen na puc. 2.17, Tak 2Ke, KAK HB Mpewwumymem cayrae, Moxiio ynpocrits aysia cocoa 1. Ocpeanars sanpmxeniia To MMpHe OGMIMBKH MexAy CTpHH- repann, Toraa crpiireps 4 oSurmaka GyayT umeTb pasibte nanps- oxenna. Ocpexueme 1 waB0qKTeK TAK, Kak emeaaxo an’ npocroii aoyxctpattrepxoh mavemm. 2, Curate, #10 a Hop: Manbubie HANDIKEHUA pax Gorawor toabKo monocet oOGunNraKH. Toraa auarpamma pacnpe- nenenwn ManpaxeHH 8 npenebiom — cocromHHA UpHMer SHA, noKasaHMUt wa pyc. 2.19, Hanpaxenne B npHcoeamHeRMO nozoce comraetea paBnein Hama aKeHT B peGpe, K KoTO- Puc. 2.19 PoMy ona mpuomaxaer. LWlnpuwa mpHeoctuenHok Nonoce! OMperenutcn Toraa HB ycaoBUR coxpavienus. ynpyroro YouaMA aKaxOrHYKO TOMY, KaX 3vO CesaHO aaa npocroit xeyxctpuiirepnoft naneat, (Jiaa ‘rpy6ux pacteron fepsoro NpKGAWKEHHA MORO MpHuT» b9=30D). Tipu taxol cxemariaauiit nomaan, pa6oraionue na HopMaztd- nue Hanpaaxenis, Oyayr auckpeTast (Ha pric. 2.20 oH sauirpHxo~ ”pan). StH AKcKpeTHO PACHOAOKeHUNE NOMA KERABS B OT Teauiocrn mucer pannoMeploe pacipereneHHe NOpMANDHDIX Ba ApwaKenni: B X@KAOH TOIKE, ORO PABMO erp. (KAK CKAIAHO BBE, uu fe NpHHHMaeM BO BHUMAINE HANPHKEUBA OT HarHGa «BOTOKOH> pit norepe yerofunpocri). B cessk c sTwM wenecoo6pasHo HeKOTOpEe OT- Kaonelin or maockolt dopmit, B Menputeli creneHH 970 GyneT WB Ctowurepax, Tax KaK MaoulasiNn HX ceieNMh HeBeanKt KO cpantie- MWg ¢ TORCAMM AOEKEPONOD, HA K TOMY 2Ke OHH He HMeIOT JOH “Aepountof creHKy. Taxnw oGpaaom, » Hamed naneaH «sooKKa> o6umupsn, 2 Tak de B HeKOTOPOR cTenenH M CTpHHTepow, GyAYT He cTporo mpAWo- sinmeiivis, Tlostomy mpi pacraxeHun ux oGtliee YaRNHeHHe ByaeT cocronrs us sehopwaunn, BsgnaHHOk BAMpAMAENIEM «BOOKS, ¥ aeIbopwannat coBcrseHKO pacTsKeut. 50 2, Tlonepeumue saknenownne weit 8 oGaIMBKe TarKe crocos- crmyior yueanvetnio NOLATIHBOCTH -OOWWAKH, @ CACTORATEADKO, H OHIDKEHING HanpaxeUAR B He TO cpapselwe ¢ HanpRxeHHMSE B pespax. 3. Tuarpauas pactnxenma (o—e) ais sicron M_pagaHAHEA npodatelt 3a mpeneaow ynpyTOCTH paaauyiss, cHeXOBATETEHO, H STO phigoner paaai¥ne B Ranpaxkennax, ‘Bee sro NpusoaMT K PacnpeneaeHmIo KanpHKEHA 1 ceVeMAsO, bHewHe HanoMMMaMeNY pacnperercKne NanpwxenuT » oKATOR Puc. 224 gone (pie. 2.21), xora HsKaKoH norepH ycroftsiaoctH anech Het. B casa c 3tnm i LasibieAume paccyrKAeITHA MP MOCTPOEHEH Cxe- ant pachera Oyay? avanornans paccysenerinaM pH packere nanemH va Owarne. Hanpawep, o6ummga ranean (puc. 2.22) 1 npn pacramentie nmecr pacnpenenenne wanpsixenui To pechMa CAOKHONY SaKoHy Tlostomy mp pacsere 9f% anpaxenua mat OcpelHmoT, DBOMS Go6n, cp, AK CHHTAIOT, ATO OOUINBKA padoraeT pH HanpsuKeHUAX, PABHUX erp, HO a WNpHne «npucoerMHeNNol nozocel>. B oGoux Caysanx HeHIMeNHMIM ocraercs: Nocropticrso OOutero YeuTES. Tllupany enpcoenimensoh nonochi>. b) mut nalixem Tora 19 pareneraa Dag ean + | Seou8t = Weagh ag + Obs I omwyna ’ Peony A 2 b=2- Taxuat o6pasom, bi Moayunat TaKyio 2Ke Gopmyay, WO M MPH oxarim, ¢ To aNuh pasunneh, vro by B pactanyroH naxenn Oyxer, pasyMeerea, Combine, ¥eM 8 cHaTOM, tOrewa TaK Ke, KAK MH MIpH pactete Ha OKATHE, NOHO OIIMEKH npH pactmRerNH H OTHeceM OTH TaoulaR K wxoUan pebep. Passocte Hanpmxexnit v crpinirepax H mowRepoHAX wil Gye OrHocuTD 3a cHeT pasENX Momyaeit E crpuiirepa # Jowxepotia, 2.2.5, Haneab, abinoanenHas 43 pasanunbax Marepwanor Honycra, sro naxeab, nsobparkentian wa pute, 2.23, pumoaiena ng past matepHaaos. TIpa CKATHH HAH pacTusennH TaKOK KONCTpYKUHK (Tak, KAK STO ReRATOe> Bustle) AeOpMAMLIN ¢ BCEX TpomoaLKsx saeMentoe 6YAYT pant, HO Rake Np CANMX Mesta¥itrenbMDiX waspy- 2KeHSX HANPADKEHTIA B SAeMERTAX HS PaSHEIX aatepiiasos OynyT pasaWiHb Helicrareawso: exp = ota Ho e=o/E, caegozareabio, Sexe — Set Fer Bet 1 onxyaa at coe... Fo Pac, 228 cer Baw 2.3, PACHET HA H3THB 2.3.1, Metox peayxuuonmax Kosdipunmenton B. H, BEJIAEBA ONPEREARHME HAUPSDKENAR Tlonycrus, uto uHaMuApHIecKoe ToMKOCTEHHOe SpHise, OnHE Ha ceuenmti KoTOporo HsOGpaxeKo Ha pric. 224, HarAGAeTcA B WOCKO- pt yOz Monentom M,, Pantee Obiz0 cxagaHo, WTO TaKOe KPSLIO pocnpuMMaer Harpysky Kak emMHan HycToTeaaa Ganka x B ceue- som o6pasyeren OOulan Hekrpasbltan ocb, ABIAOULADICN BtAAyACIeH Hk oeHHD TO OTHOUIeHIIO K -OGOMy WS SMeNeHTOB CeMeHTA. Tlonyctn, 470 ob x u ecTh Helirpashuan och cevenns. Tavern xptina Gyayr padotaT » 370M caywae Ha c&waTHE MH pactwmenne Tax, Kak ME yeraHoBHaN sume, J[poxommnue peGpa Kerpuiirepst, onxit x0nKepoHon) ¢ MPHCoeAHNeNNO; OGMIABKO! Gyayr npeacranasts Tora anckpernuie nxomaznn F;. Byzen apen- ‘cranaarb WX cocpenoroveHissaH B TOKE, coplaxaomell ¢ Wx UeHT- ow tarxecru. Koopaiarbi WeHTpon TaxKeCTH OTHX SueMeHTOR NYCTE Syayt 2 He TopMaabune Hanpaxciua oj, SosHMKa:oMlNe B pesyabTaTe us- euGa Kpbiaa B KaMCIOM M3 SMeMCHTOB ceHeHHA, AOIKUB, OMEBHAHO, YROBTETBOPAT YPABHEHUAM DAnHONECHS. y Puc, 2.246, Cyuta npoexumit payrpesamx cua na och 2 =P, =0. Cynna Momeuros BIyTpenHAX CHA OTHOCHTeMBHO OCH Y EM, =0. (CyMMa MOMCHTOB BHYTPeHHMUX CHA OTHOCHTEMBHO OCK x EM, = M,. Pacnumes ypasnexsn: BoF,=0; ox =0; Loy iyy = Me es) Tiponszenen ¢ aTHMH ypasiterusust ucro Gopwanbuwe npe- oGpasosanus, YaHOAUM KaxkaKIT siteH STHX CYMM Ha MHOXWUTEAD uy: (panmuit, oxepnano, eNMHNKe) H BUEHECeM 3a SHAK CYMM Gala. Baech ox —HcKOMoe HOPMaabHOe HANpaReHHe B pacrAIYTOH noAKe HanSonee MOUMOTO AONKepOHA; Yx—OPAMHATA Meutpa TAKECTH AOIKepoHa B BMOPAHHIX, HO MOKA HeHSBECTHEX OCRK. Torta ypasienuis (29) MoxRO sanHcaTb TAK: Sa SN ep, WP 4 Prey, = 0: 53Coxpames nepoue xaa ypanueuust na on/ys m oGosHavaR Ges- pasmeptil, Bcerda nodOxMREABALA, KosMHUNENT cee Gs (2.10) hoaysHM cHeTemy #3 TPeX ypasnenu oTHOcHTeMHO GoaBIOTO NHC- 41a HCHaBECTHX 0, ZeFiy, =O; Del xin = oa Zeki = My, (21N) Ecrecrseuno, uo paspemmurs -sty cicteMy wesosmaxkHo Ges BBeLeHNA AOMOAHTEABHLX KHEMATRICKHX AOAyMLENHA Tipeanoaoxine Tenleps: 1) upu naruGe aedopmausn pecnpeneamorer no cevenitio, NOR- ‘ulliafieh 3aKOKY TAOCKOCTIT e(= xy 2) moayau YnpyroctH Acex ScleMeHTOR CeveHIIT, PAGOTAIDLUNS 1a nopMaautiste Hanpaxenis, oxmmaxosts (BE); 3) BO Bcex aneMenTax AeHOpMaNK we BLXOART 3a Mpesteats upaweaumocra saxona P'yka, T.e. G:=Ee, 0 HM OMWK us THX He repser ycromwnpoctH. Tora, WoaeTanaia avavenne e, NOAyNM 91 paxcnun pacnpenensiores TO 3aKoWy TROCKOCTH. —* Ho 8 ston cayaze pneneniwl wana xosbduuuent (2.10) o6pa- ‘TwTeH & eRINHILY: ayn Te, Wa y= 1, Gs Een te creqosatenbio, ypaniiena (2.11) mpunumawr pa: By, 0; BF tvs & BF yj My. a Ho BFiy;~S, —cranmicexui moment naomarel ceuenus oTHo- curenbio oct x; BF ye Jey — veNTpOGeRHHT MomeHT; BF yi J, — moment uHepuun oTuocutensHo OCH +. Cacxovateauuo, paspewaioumn ypauHeHnanN # AaKHON cay wae Gyayr! 0; 6 4,,=0; 3) Bi Me 2.12) a Tak KaK % ey. 2.19) Kax s¥aen, met noayanan saemenrapHme paspemarouine ypas- Henss sms HotUGa Gankn oTHOCTeAbHO OnHOR 3 raaputx ‘oceli, Gapaeuue B KYpCe COUpOTMBAeHHA MaTepHaaoB, OuewAAHO, HSerO ” ApYPOrO MEL _H HE LOMKHLL OLA KloAysHTE, TAK KAK MOMLGOBAATIICy ‘TeMli 2ke THNOTESaMH, ‘Vanecrio, sro ypanteiua (2.12,a) # (2.12,6) onpeaeasor no- aometie ilerpaabuoh ocu (ona ABameTcH OANOM ws TAaBHHX WeNT- paaeittix ocefl cevewns), a ypasuenne (2.12,6) aK ypauuenie (2.13) onpeacastor Manpmcesina B TOWKOCTeNNNX KONCTPYAMMAX, Kak MBL Bue HA npAmepe naneneli, nocaeanee (TpeTbe) mpesnororeHme UMeeT MeCTO TOTDKO ipa Ove nesuatrembiom warpyxeniut, Ipm narpyaKax xe, KO- TOPHE ABARIOTCA PACHETHBIMH AAR KpHizia, GoADUIRNCTBO snEMCHTOB OKATOH SOUL KOHCTPYKUAH OGUHO TEPHET YCTOMUBOCTD H, CHER parenuuo, HX conporiazeine epopManHn B OCHOBHOM HanpaBie- MMH Yaxe He HoasMusercs “saxony Pyxa. Kpome toro, saeseutit KONCTPYKUHM MOFyT HMeTo paamHurute Moxyan ynpyrocra E;. Sto Mower OMIT B TOM cayuae,-KOMRA OHM BEIOAHEHE! Hs pasanyHblx MaTepnasos, Ho aHanorHNHOe BACHE MoxKeT HAGMORATLCH B TOH- KocTeHHLX STeNENTAX, BLINOAMEHHLX Mus OANOTO MaTepHAAa, KAK 970 MloKaaano ua MpuMepe pactAhyToR allen Touxocrennoct o6uMeKn x B HeKOTOpo creneHH erpHsirepos, nonepedHwle Bb! B OGUTMDKe, HAAUYHE BCAKOTO Poa BUPEIOH M Ap. Moxer BUSHBATS CHiDKedlne HANpAKeHHA B crpHHtepax H, OcoGERHO bp OOUIKDKe 110 CpanHelino C HANpRxCHRAH B AOWKEpOHAX MPH anu HW Tex :ke ePopMannax, Stu ABneHHA Kak OH TOMIKaIoT Moayae ynpyrocri E, o6umBxH H crpmurepos. CreneWs noHIDKeRHA EMOAyas> CTPOTO OMpexeaMTs MeSH, HO Ma OCHOBAHHH CraTHCTH- MecKUX AAHHBX MPRMEpHMe BeAMINHE KoS>puNHeHTOD cHIDKERHA MORO YCTavOBNTD; OH NPRBOATCA TAKKE B clpasostoh anre- parype. BKHM OGpasoM, BACKaaaKINe pate mpennonoxennn <2> w <3> se cooTBercrBylor QUSHIECKOMY ABeHWIO, HaGmOAaeMOMy NPA yaruBe TouxocrenHoro KpBaa, MoToMy MpocTHle paspemalonme ‘opwyasi (2.12), (2.13), apnmommecs caerctnem 91x runoTes, HE oryr Ours nenomaonai, oOilies cayuae @;, ONEBAKO, He Gynet papHo eauHMLe, w AAA pacuera waM mpiserea noassoBaTecs ypannenuann (2.11). Bnenem oGosnavexue Fisp = Fi eM tak Kak gi—GespasMepamt Koappanvent; Fisy acer paamep- Hoorh fzomaat, Bye WaabiBars TaKyIO faolllans mpserenHol Ta0UARLIO HA peAYUHPOBANHOR N-OUANBIO, a py — PEAYKAOHHAM xosdduuuentom, Tora ypasnenus (2.11) cepenmmyrea vax: DF api BA, ap Xt = My, (2.15) Ho BP yap ¥e = Seapi 2Fenp titi = Seyapr BF imp tll = Leninne, 9f0 crarHypcKall MOMeHT, meHrpOSexKilit MoMexT H MOMEHT HilepuAN MpHBeReMHBIX MoMLaMeH cesents, caeKORATeNSHO, ¥PABHe- nis (2.15) MOXHO sanEcaTb Jak: Ss, oa, gles (2.16) sop = 05 Ixy ap = Gerxo wuxers, uro paspemaronmne ypastenua (2.16) conepuren- Ho Takue xe, Kak ypanHenna (2.12) conporuemenun MatepHanos, Pasnuuia sanmowaerca ToabKO p Tow, 470 B ypaauenna (2.15) BNe- cto jlelictsateabHuIx MAOLaReh ceeNHs KOCTPYSUUI BOULTH pH: BeqeHHBe, pexyUNponaHNNe MTOMAAR, Ecau Gu Mit atau 9TH MPHBELEHTEE MNOMAT WALL, TO TO 2e, peayKWNOHNe KOS>OEIMEHTH Yi, MBL aerKO paspemnan Ox ypan- venus (2.16) H sHaIn 6a os, a fase H HaNpRKcHHA B AKGOM snemente cevel - orkyaa ig nocaeaneli dpopmyaut (2.16) ty, @.7y "Tene Wan mocHe noAcraHoREH Tloxysenuit pesyaprar MoxHo cibopmyanposare caicxyiouNiM O6pagoM: B OGIeM cAyIae TOHKOCTENHYIO KOMCTPYKUMIO MOHKHO pac~ csaTaTs Ha HSTHE ¢ MoMOMLbio aaeMeHrapantx dbopmysr comporunne- Kina MavepHanoa, HO MPH packeTe NPHNKMaTS BO BHMMAHHE We HoaMMe MACHAAN sneMeHTon cevemits, @ MpHBenenHRE, peMYHApO- Ralible, npHHeM penyKIMOHBRT KooppUUHELT OL Ys on Herpyano sauterirs, oxako, sro Stor warepecumii pesyabrar ne pak ipocro ucnoasaosaty. Peayknuonuuit koxppunsenr, KoTo~ pi NosBoascr BRNMCMITh TipHBeReHMe NOUS, cam xBasercA cywmautelt HevaBeCTHEIX HCKOMDIX BEATIN Gf, Ons Yin Yay TAX KAK HE ‘TOmBKO Manpsxeuut, HOH NelirpambuaR och uITHOA RO pacseTa Heusuectirm, Tlostomy axech MpHXomMTcH npAGerark K MeTO_Y MO- caemonatenbunsx npndaixennt Tax Kax 1unKe Mit Gyslem HasaraT MeTOL MHarpaMM, o3KONH0~ ust Mp pacieTe TOMKocTeMHoro KpBaa Ha urNG YSITHBATS np Bell cMoaRHOCTH (opME aasHcHMOCTH HenpHKeMA oF AeopwaMmt AMS BCex SJeMeHTOR, aleCh TPH HaAOKeINlA MeTOXA PEAYAAKOUNH XospiueHTos MIU cHenaem HexoTOpHe YuPOMOUNE MpenToTO~ akeusa, Tloxo6uwe npegnosoxenna oGaHO RonycKaioTeA pH pac- ete Mo 5TOMY MeTORY. 56 1, Byzem npeanoaarars, ‘ro conporupmenie coxati gnewentra, torepsnurero ycroiiumpocts, He 3anucHT oF netbopmanin (coaoMaR caminis_puc. 2.25). 2. Cumxenne KanpmxerM B ToHKOCTeMMX saeMeHTax, HMeI0- MEX MecTO IPH pacTwDKeNHH, NONNMO ABAeHHA TeKysectH, OyAeM orHocnrs 3a caer Monyna yupyrocri E, 3. JMmarpamoi pacraxkeiun ¢ apdexrom ynpowenua Takase Gyaem sancuath Asyma npanninm (pic, 2.26), npexmonaras mare- pian wneampno naacrHsHEM. o inp é & Pus. 2235 Pac. 226. B stom caysae nanpaacenna p 160M seMenTe B saBHcHMOCTiA or ero slehopsaune Morsso samAcaT® TAK: 0 = Een (2.18) rxe n:—Mexorops MHoxnTedI. Ecru oGoauawits & ty AcopManito, npu KoTOpOh ANarpANMta oe nueer 130M (tip NPM CKATIN, ei=—MPH pactaxeuttH), TO MioxnTen 1 Cyaer hpuEHMaT’ sHaveN py — > 1 nmosarrens ny * 6 ot pH Dror MHOKHTeS MOKHO, HANpHMED, aaNNCATh TAK: 7 : yaw ed dete el 2let Veniomssya (2.18), aaminem aspaxenne nas pexyxunonnoro Koad) ‘ummenta: (2.19) B sroh bopmyae ww npuitsan yx—1, TAK KAK B OCHOBMIOM JOH aepone HanpaKeHHA He LOAM NPEBOCKOAHT ds. 5Paccmorpum noxpo6uee Popmyay (219). L. Jlonyeram, 470 B Kakow-ro snewenTe aGcoaioTioe snayeENe rehopmaumn mpi CKATHH Meybite en], HAM MpH pacrsacenun MeHBUE €74, TOFAA maT, ceLORATEAISHO, Ye a=aee. rat Me Ho rex kak MB Mpunaait rimotesy NaoeKoetHOrO pacnpeneneHHm aepopmanuh (e=xy:), peaykunonnh Kosdpmuncur aan TAK SaeMenTOn KONCTPYKUNH GyaeT PaBeH: % 4. (2.20) B rom cayuae, Korna Ke 0- peaxe a cuona yrowinen peayRuolme KosDEUIeNTE, noayuaR pill a rx. Pacer mpogomkaeres 0 Tex Hop, HoKa peayKumonawe Kosppmunrck tol ABYX MOcMeAYWULRX NPHOABKENHK NpAKTHNECKH HE cosnaayt. Herpyano nuixets, ufo pacuet Monyaaetca ZOBOALHO TpoMOsA- KEM, HO Mpaxrika NOSpOAMLA anaxHTeALHO eTO yapocTAT. O mpHe- Max yrpotiemua pacuera GyRet cKasato wike, Bume wn pacemarpunaaH caywah wSTnGa KpBiaa TaKHM HsrH Garoutust MomeitTOM, KoTOpHiil RARAN HaTHG OTHOCHTENBHO OLHON HS TAABHUX meWTpambHbIx ocekt cerenutn. B neficrenrenbHoctss, K2K MBE SRAeM, KDBINO Farpy2Kewo HSTKOAIOULUM NOMEHTOM B ABYX HA0CKO- crax H, OMCBHANO, B OOIeM cayuae KHL NOAYGEM OxHOBPEMCHHOE RefierBie ABYX n3rHGAIONLEX MoNeHTOB B OBCHX TAABHEX MUIOCKOCTAR ceverta. B conporiaseumit sareptaaoa sto oGcrowTemberBO He GBiA0 cy- mecrseaiun. Jledopwanin Tam paccMarpHBaatics Mansion (B pe jenax sakoua Tyxa), CneMOBATeAbHO, HME MeCTO S3KOH HESaBACH- Moctn aelicrans cia” PemenHe MpH KotHGe B RBYX faOcKOcTax Wa- XONWAOC HPOCTLM HaaoKeHweM ABYX pemenui gas narn6on B Kangol 3 TiocKocrelt. B walleM caywae 9Toro Yake Her pemenne Aas cxysan AefierBHx MOMeHTOR B RBYX MTOCKOCTAX NOHO OMT noay:eHio wenocpencTsertto, MPAKTHUECKME MPHEMM PACTETA B npakruxe KoHerpyktopeKwx Giopo Nero HocacgoBaTeaDHEX npnGanxenuli, omicanuiuit ami, sHagiTenbHo ynpomaercr Ha oc- HOBaWiM aHasvsa KOMKPeTHBN AAHHUIX, TOTYRENHEX MpH pacieTe MHOTHX KpEITbER. PenyKimouiiie xospdnuuexr nepsoro npHOamxenna Aas cxa- ax m PACTANYTEX cTpurepon Cepy, #3 cooTBeTCTBYIONUNX cupa- ROWNHKOR, eM YMexBMaetes KomuecTsO npAGarnReHvth. Tas rpyOux pacueron 9TH CraTHeTHTeckHC penyKLHORANe KOIp- Quaveurst npanuaaroTen 9a oKoHsaTeMbMie, H Tora pacuer nep- ROTO MpHGAWKeHHA CTAHOBUTCA OKOHYATENDHBM. Pacuersi noxasany, ro CzaBHbe OCH PeMyUHPOBANHOTO ceveHus cocrasns00r, KaK Mpasilno, oNeH Matai yron (wetlee OnHOTO Tpa- jyca) c nanpanaennem xopabt xpiina. B cpasn c stam tepnona- WanbHyW ock Mp pacuere Gepyt Napaacterbnd Xopze Mpopuas H ance ue oTickitRalor yron NOpopoTa TaaBHLAX ocell, a CHTITAIOT BCE Xapaxrepiicraxn cevenia 8 wetiTpambmux ocax. Sto casio coxpa- maer BaiuucaMTeTbAYIO PAGOTY Hf Maer RecsMa HeGonbITyI OWOKY. Bry OMINGKY Nox MOTH TOAHOCTSIO YeTpAHATD, ecsnl YUECTD TO- BOPOT raBitbIx Ocell TOMBKO B MOCAeTHEM NPHOAMAEHET, sr! H, naxonen, packer a a0Gosoh ara6, yurTHBag, “To OH Kpalt- fe mano Meler HANPIXEHUNB sneMeHTAX KPHAa oT HOpNaibHoro wsru6a, MpoHssoANTeA npumyrHBNO, Han sroro weuoaLsyior op- myan uaa sari6a B oniof maocwocr (2.16) (217), wsweuue Coorsercrneito WiuXeXckl, OGoaHadaioulhe OCH, a pexyKwstouune KoopypauueHta #, cHeLORaTeMbHO, BCE XAapaKrepHCTHKK upHBerEN- oro covet Gepyr 13 pacers Ha WopMabUlaH HarH6. 310 pasio- CuLHo NPeRMOTOXeNMO, ITO Maroc HaMeHelHe RedopMarnt anc- Menton Ceventia oT 2OGOBOFO HSTHGA He MOKET HOMEHHTH UX PCAYK- umoHHoro Kosddpuunenra. Ecan MpHunts BO BHUMANIe, WFO HCTHHEWE AHATpAMNET cxCATHIR Wi pactsoKentin MLL An paceTa MpexcTawine rpy6o, 8 DHRC RBYX Mpautix Ses ynpOUNesAA, 70, ECTECTAEHIO, HeT CMICAA TiDOHSBOAHTS bee RaABHEMLME BLIKAAAKH, COBMOsaM OCOGEHHO BNICOKYIO TOXHOCTD pH pactere HesauiireAbsiiax LorpysoK or 2oBoB0TO warit6s. Tpaxriiecku nonyyaemaa TOWMOCTe MpH TAKHX pacueTAX 10- crarounes, OnpEAFAENN® NrOrHEOS Tak Kak npy warNGe MM MpennomaraeM, TO cevenHe Kpbna nepemeutaeren Ges aakpywnDanHA, TO NpOrHG KpHAa MoxKtiO Onpe- emits Kak MporH6 MoGoro MponoabHoTo ero 3aementa. BosbMew Ras 2Toh Wean ocHosHol ZoHKepoH. His dopmyaw (2.16) micem. Ya Ornerum, 170 Jeup— MOMeHT HHepuHN HPHBELEKMOTS ce ema. Tloxeaus renepp npanyio # cay sactu Ha Ex Jenp oy Me ited wp a 1 Ho 2 = 1, sxe — xpamina ot Goan. S 4 ts ean Haw mpoksneden pacver pana cesen xpiina, To Mid Moen Hocrpourb KpHBy'O — Mo zZ wank MHaNe Me Exlew Lah no 2 (pic, 2.28 a). Ho = ae | cagqonaTeabito, nporn6s MORK 1 noaysaTe ABoliiuim maTerpHpoBanHem siopul —* ° uf ={ gO de (ome. 2. 28, 6: uf = (y de (puc. 2. 28, 4). Ents op z e ipa wurerprponaiinn eeayer epaay yueeTs Kpaepive yeaosnn: pit 2=0 40. y=0. Jan sroro aocraroxno nrerpnpovasne smopit npoussonuT OT KOPHA KPLITa K ero KOHMy, KAK ykagaHo cerpenkoil Taxum o6pasom, paciet wenercs Tak xe, KaK sla OOWTHOR GaaKi, No Menombsyerca pH STOM woMeNT HHKepLAA peAyl- posamtioro, @ He noaworo ce- wer, Tipu onpeaeaeant nporn6on crpenopiaworo Kpbvia cneayet uMeTs f BHAY, YTO CTPeTOBNAWAR sageaka siecer HeKoTOpHe TO- IpaBKit K Maliqentbim Bech NpO- riGam, Stor Bonpoc Mui pac- cmorpia 8 naabueiiuiem. Tlehopmannn Kpuaa or 13 ru6a B MAocKOCTH XOPA OGHIIO, Ke onpedeaniores, Tak Kak oni HHSTORHO MaAEL 2.3.2. MevoR anarpamat PACKET HANPSKERWA B ronkocrenuolt xotlerpyxttun, KaK Nam Yike H3BECTHO, HMCETCH siioro NpHsHH, HOpORAGIONX HerHMeliMoeTs gaKoHa pacnpenere- Hing Hampaxenal 10 cevewwo, Tpupora ncex 97Hx mpHami nocta~ ‘Tow CaOKHA H NOSTOMY BeCbMa sarpyaiureabHo ‘TeoperHveck# i mane aiciepHMesrasno NOAyHTS BnoaHe HanemHWe AaNNe O CO- nporungemnit OTAembHEX snemen- ‘TOR cevenn 8 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ero aegopwauun (c yverom BauaHna eMexMX ¢ HHM aneMeriTon). Hnenko sto o6ctoateabcrno Ba wyxkaset pacteTaHka MaXciisaTbHO | ynpouare asarpaMMi! @ 110 &, CO- Xpawaa B suarpaMme TOmKO ORMY oco6yi0 TOUKY —(Gxp FAM Or) (pac. 2.29) Tipu taxom ynpowenny, Kak mu swXeAH, OTnanacT HeOGxORH- Mocth wMeTS sularpamME o——e. JlocraTowH .aHaTe NanpsKeHHH gnu ToveK. JeferaNreruHo, an pacseTa No Me- TORY PERYKINOLINX KosiphHlIHEHTOR MIL NOTySAeM PeryKUMOHEEA 6 Puc, 220.xosdannent umt no ormomenio woayzelt E, nan no ornotenno ‘Gmp {WAH Gz) K HAMDAUKEHHO 8 oIDKEpoHe. Tloayueune stiauenull KpgTHecKHX MaupsaxcHMi Aas oTmeay quux SaementoD KoueTpy&THBHOr KONMeKcA yKe Ne Mpocram 3a- fava, Tak Kak TPYAHO YueoT BIMAHMe MPOMUX seMenTOB Ha Rae tui, Eme Gosee cnoxHoh sanaseh gnaseren NOcrpoeHe noanEx juarpaum o—e, Tem He mesee, tpexctasiM ce6e, uo Ha ocuona- Gunn RAKMX-TO TEOPETRICCKAX HMM SKCMePHMeHTAAHNEX HecTeRIEA- fui MM pacnoaaraem noawBMM AMArpAMMAMH = O—e sn Boex Suementoo ceveuua Kpuita, B stom cayyae ecrecTaeao crpemie- wine Mpoitssect pacuer Kpsiza Gonee Tow, T. €. HCTOMSOBATD uerpawnel Ges yripomenth. Puc, 220. Taxol pacter NOKHO MpoussecTH ¢ MOMOUIBO TAKOTO 2Ke se~ qoaa peAYEKHONMEIX KOIpALNEHTOB, HeMHOTO eTO BIMOHSMEHHS, do B. {IL Beasenums mpexioxen npyrol— rparbo-ananuraseckitit evo pacuera, Gosiee copepuseHnnsi Meron Muarpanim oTaNHaeTcH OT MeTORA peAYKEHOKHEX KooM- dpuunesrros toasxo no opme. Ilo cyulecray 9TH MeTOA papHo~ Wert, Tea He mentee, 8 TOM caytae, KOrAa B pacnops>kenwa pac- werinka Hweercn eoOxosHMMA HaGop HORHEX AarpAaMM O— ey Merony AHarpaM caelyer OTRATs MpenMowTenne HI-3a €TO NCitO~ eri, npocroTit H onooSpasus onepaut TIpeanonoxus, wo HaM weoOXORHMo MpousRectH pacser wa uarn6 cexenlaa xpbina, Hs06paxennoro na puc. 2.30. Hsra6 mpose- ont ono nzockocm ox acteraven WarHGaroulero MOMER- va Mz. Ha pune. 231 uso6paxenu mmarpaumia P—e fas mpoaoabuyx ‘snementos cevetiia (Ain pacera yro6iee qnarpaninn o To © mepectponrs, usoSpasue P no e, se P= oF). Prncxmun mepann na puc. 2.30 oGoskauenbt snewentit ceue~ Hx, BocTIpuMOMaloLle Hopsanbibe Hanpaxgerns, a va pac. 2.31 Apmbenenti cootuerctayioue HM aMarpamMel, Taxne AMArpanMi OMKHL OT, CTPOTO TOROPR, LAH KAKLOO HI NPOROALHBX a Mentos cesena, B vauem cayuae Mit pasOupaem cevenne Ha ame- MeliTH TAK: K MAOuLAAN KaMKAOTO peSpa OTHOCHN TAKE TOTOBARY nolan, npermectayioueh stomy peOpy u caenyrouteh sa HUM naseait o6iheKH, Kax 970 MOKasaHO Ha pic. 2.30, ~ a Tero wuiers, Kak cslowe BoNpCe oO MocTpOEMNA AMAFpAMM gz in TakHX SJeMeHTOB, Cxporo rOBOpA, Bce 3TH Avaxpanant Gyayr pasmumau. acre peGep Oyaer paGorare Ka CxaTHe, citeLO~ parenbio, Oyner BosMomua Kax OOutan (no Sizcpy), vax H MecT- Ban nosepa yeronusoct#. [Ipyrat vacte ux Gyzet paGorarh Ha pacrmxenme. Yuactue 8 paGore NoxocoK oGumuBKH, 4 4 oe HX HlonmepaHBatouee BATE aie Take Gyaet pas é é = SANUHLIM, TAK Kak pagans kam ‘paawex yuacrkax | xonTypa Kpunena oOuuD Ki, pasaiwno yaamenue + . STIX MOdOC OT CTEHOK AH & fa 2weepowon HT. 2 THanGosee naaexxo Ta ne xpuawe MoryT OxiTo roaysens —axcreprMet- TaAbHiIM MyTeH, HO MOM — z HO MOcTpoHTs Wx MC 0 E Puc. 231. Moutbio Teopetuieckux pac: ueIOB, HEMOASYA NETO CrpoltreabHoft mexaiukil, B 4acTHOCTH, MOxHO noctiosbsonateca MeroxON, HaTOXeHBN B pasiese paciera excaToh mavemt Bowarpawstax wa pue, 2.31 Wok Manpaaceniem waXO ToHMBIATE cpexttee Hanpmaxenne 208 BUGpaHKok naomant. ‘Vpasuewas pasonecua ceveitia samumem TAK: BP, EPj, 30; EPy, = My. (2.22) Tipu pemenns stwx ypapnewuh axons Gyzem nombaoBaTce rmoresohi o naockoctHom pacnpeneneiit oTHocitembHEIX Repop- Mannit M0 cevesnto, 1.€: 67th. “lis ynpowensia packers BocnosbsyeMcn TAIKE TEM, TO B peamHont Kpiiie Helitpaasas Ob, KAK MpaHO, cOcTasAger CTOAb hestauirenpah yrox ¢ Hanpagsentem Xopays, “TO WM ZoMyCTAMO Tpenedpess. ToaoxKus, sro Heilrpamuiten och vapanaenbua xopne kpbina, Kak Wa xssectio, propoe ypanienme cucrem (2.22) onpe- eager Hanpapenve Neirrpaabuoh ocH, Cutiran, TaKHM oGpasoat, Gro aro Hanpabielite Hae HsBecTHO, UekmONAeM BTOpOE ypanKenne hs paceorperns. Ocraerem na ypasxentst iia petieHtin sanayn: 2P, = 0; BP = Me (2.23) Tlepsoe ypagnenve, Kax nasectHo, onpeteaur opaumaty Kelty panbioit oct, a BTOpOC NBL LOAUE! HCMOANSORATH ATA BLIMCAIEREA vanpaxennt Tax kak HaM N3BCCTHM Juik BCeX sMeMeliTOR’ cevenia saBncn- woctit P—s, T0 AAA ONPCLEACHHA HANpAXCHUN B TOM HAH sIBOM IMCHTe AOCTATOAO SHAT ero OTHOCHTeABHTyIO Leopsanawo. To 3 aan, 175, 6dtaocurenvnol AeopMaunH € HS AMarpaMMBt wit noaywam P, a oat. “ F Ho coraacuo npuxstoa sinorese oriocurenprne Aedpopmauwit BceX 3NEMENTOB CBASAHEL MEXAY COGOM BAKOROM sNOCKOCTH: yy PE A= —— —- KpuBusHa yupyTolt ocH. ° Crcxovareaoto, w06s pemitrh sazayy, Ham Aocrarouro onpe- nemuith opxdary HefirpaabHof och v 8 Xpuswony x. lax ux on- penexcuus Mis HMcem sa ypaBHerin (2.23). Pemarh ux mMoKHO caeayiomnm o6pasom. 1: HsoGpaana B loctarouo Kpynmom macwra6e cevenne xpsiata 1 ABYX Mpocxtanx ¢ OGosHaseHHeM HoMepanst eHTpoD FAAKECTH Pus, 282. ncex saexcerros 2 o6eix mpoenitiax pic. 2.82 (Ha pucynke O60, Suavend i, 7H MexoTOpHx saeMenTos). Hamerim Take TPOWSROMLEIE OCH H, 0, W, BINB Ocb H NapazAemHo XOPLe KPHIA. 2, Tlocrponst loka coBepileHHO mpowsBonbio MpsMyio el xiy B naocxocra Dw (WanoMAUM, TTO y OTCUNTBAETCA OTHOCHTETBHO neirpaabioh oc). Jan onpenenesna stoi npamoft waM, oveBHAHO, Heo6xognMo ganath Of w x! (eat, pc. 2.32) 3, Linn maavioro pacnpelesenna e| 110 ceveuilio MM MOEN ¢ nomouisio Awarpamat (cM. pic. 2.31) onpereatits BosHHKa‘ontHe yonann p a106on m3 saementon PI. 4, Oaepunuo, uTo 8 OGuem caywae sTH cum Pi we GyayT YyRoBnerBopaTb HH OAHOMY HS YpanHennit pantonects (2.23) 5. Coxpaias TipMiaroe sHavenne x, Gyre wowenst> of npoponitrs ua pc. 2.32 coorsercrsyiouine npane e=xy (ToGo Me SaveMusirs pic, 2.32, 9TH MpsMwe YCnOBNG sOKARAHU Ha pic, 233), Tora ama Kaxkaoro sHaverHa 0} Mel oayHRN Hs amarpawM Ykagaunb crocoGow cucremy cut Pi, Sanmen sv cunt B Taba, 1 1 MpocywMMpyeM Karka croaGeH. 86 B oGnte eaysae HH omHa ne cyMat chin He Oyzer panita. yao, Ho Mp BuGope vl Haqo crpemmTsca K TOMy, YTOGH cyMMe Gian noaoikireabiiie 1 orpiiuarembibe. 6. Tlocrponm xpusyio SP; no o (pwc. 2.34), Ha weprexe Mur amerko wafinem Touxy LPy=0. Sta TouKa onpefleaHT Takoe noso- Kerine HelirpanbHod och of aaa AAKHOM KpHBMaHtL x=, Kora neppoe #3 ypasennf (2.23) 6yzeT sunoaHeHO. 7. Tlocrpoum eneps mpaamyw, coorsercraywuyio of Ha puc, 2.32 (ycacsNo ns06paxeHa Ha_pxc. 2.33 xupHoit amunelt), cuuwen cootsercrayinse ef xy} To arm yarunieiin Hales cuau Pin sanomuum Tp nocaeasie KgaonKa TaGa. 1 TaBsuaa 1 sande TPocymmupyent tenepe nocaesunt eronsex ta6a, 1. Tony. EPi yj = M', npavew M' + M,, te, alinentie chatt Pl yaouaersopaior nepsomy ypasnerno, a ue ysloBneTvopsior BTOpOMY. 9. Sanaaunica Teneps WopbiIM sHayeHHem KpuBHaHM x! HM TO- propim nce onepauun Ta6n. I, sagananch axavenuanm of. oeB nponecce Takoro pacteta Mil, O1eRUANO, HoYSHM 1os0e O° sroxerie Hefitpaabnolt ock ¥!, upM KoTopom cHasl nkinoMAMOT epaoe yeaosile panuiuRecHsie H cHona MOYSHN cywMy Momentos BHyTpeNiTHX cH spy! = a npuyene Mage Ms. Tak Mi NOXEM MOBTOpHTb HECKONEKO Pas, 3aqasanch HOBLIM aHaeHHAMH KPHBHSAB %, Ef Puc, 284 Puc, 255. 10. Crponst xpusyio ZP\y, mo % (WoMeHT BHYTpeXHAX CHA TO xpianstie) (pic. 2.35) Ha pic, 2.35 nyHKrHpom HapHcosaza noanaa Auarpanna so- aenra snyrpennux cna. Jan pacsera o6tswno SurBaer AocTarouHo Hoctpotry antub Ke6onbioli oTpeaoK STOR KpUBOH, AAMN Cr-nOU- Hol suuuet, He stoi axe AMarpamae MocTpoRM KPMBy!O vp NO x. 11. Ha taxol auarpanate yake HecaoxxO afin siiaueHe KPH Busiei xo, pH KOTOpOHl MOMeHT BHYTpEHHX cH pane BHCHIIENY monenry (cx. puc, 2.35). Oxnospemenno ¢ Toit ie anarpamuit MOKHO CHAT —M COOTRETCTBYIOULY! KoopAMUary nelirparsHok cit vo. 12" Teneps, ovenmino, ocraerea Toabxo nocrponith seopua- nua, cooTBeTerByIONLe x H Vp Ha pic. 2.32, CHT ¢ Nero OTHOCH- Teaume YAUHHOHUR AX KaXxAOTO saeMeHTa m Ho aNarpaMMe pic, 2.31 onpeaeantb yeunue Ps. Hanpakeunn 3 KarkAOM Svlemente onpenesstes npacro: Pt Fe Pasymeeres, noxoSuull pacver woxHo nocTpouTs 1 Gea Mpers nomoxKeHUs 0 TOM, NTO RelTpaNbHaR OC Mapasicnbiia xopAe c enna, m cpasy BeCTH pacer Ha H3TRG B ABYX NAOCKOCTAX, NO TPYAOEMKOCTL CT 9TOLO OUEHb cHAbsO BospacTeT, TAK KAK WAKO Gynet yaosaersopsTs ye TpeM Ypaviewiny, Dror obuYEO He genaior, Tak Kak NoMpasKa ga cueT RaKaola NeArpaabiok OCH x 68 Xope % copMectHoro eficrBHs AOGoROrO HsruGa MoayHaeTcR He- snaurrensuol. Pacuer a aoSosoit usrn6 (y¥Hrewan Maaite HanpaKeNAs, BosHuKaIone TIpM STOM D SAeMeHTAX Kpuicia) Mo:xIIO NpoHsBeCTH oexe pactera Ha Wopasbush narH6 MeTOOM pelYRUMOHEX Ko- Sdipiitentos. Pexyxuonmute KosdibuuNeHTE WorktO BORTh HS pactera Ha HopMadbuit M3rH6, cHHTAS, B70 OT HanpHKeHstll LO6O- Boro naTHGa OHH WaMeHAOTCR CEH Mazo, “9 a On vi Fanee waxoame npmpeaennte maomaai, Koopautary mentpa rsexecta 1 MoMeHT Hepyim covenys. HaxomuM Hanpskentia no hopmyate Tora % of = Me x, Tyee MW cymnmpyem (c yueTOM Haka) ¢ HOpManDEBMM HanpmxKeMnsDH or ocuiosnoro usriba B sakmouenne nepxemca eule pas x anarpanae puc. 2.35. Tlo- oxerne Ton aviarpaMitts Marzp=Meois KA KpHBOA Mexyrp Narnanno Xapakrepiayer crenens s2rpy:kcHROCTA KONCTpYEUIH. Tax nak pacter CaModerHLIx KOWCTpYKUMHt BeNeTeR 1a paspYuate myo Harpyany, 97a 7O%kKa LoAKia Gbith noaMaxKO Gore’ SaHtsKOh x Tose maxcituywa, Ecan 9a TOUKa OKAXCTOR CAAIKOM HUSKO Na KPHBOK Mynyap, KOUCTPYKUMA, ORHAN, GYLET CHRO HENOrpy- meto#, meperaeneivioh. Haobopor, cca Muy OKarKETCR Comme maxcumyma Moayrp XOHCTPYKUNA me cmoco6Ha ypapHo- wecitrs aannyio Harpyaay Hee eneayer your, Oparint, Haxolted, BHAMANNe Ha 70, aT -mpaMad M—Maaoa Mower mepecev xpmsyio Myyrp 8 AByX TONKAX: OmmE paa—Ma pocxor#et BeTBH, B Apyroh pas—Ha Hucxoxauel, B stow cay- Sae pemenme ager niephan TOuKa, TAK KaK paBhoneckoe cocroRRe Ha Rucxonamed ners NeycroiumBo. B 910M acrxo yGeunTEca, ca ‘AaTs tteGoaioe Mprpamenue xpnpuane. Moment auyrpeasmx cna hiptt sto Okamercn y2ke MenSUIe MoMeHTa BHEWHNE Cha KOM: crpykuna Gynet npodoaxkarb warmBaraca x0 paspyuiennn, ‘Merox mmarpatia ocobenno yxoGex tem, 70 saeT BOsMOR- oct otnonpesentto oupexerits mpedeavnyio Kecyuuyso endco6- nocrs Koxetpyxunm xpsiza. Ha pic. 2.35 maxcuManbian opammaTa KpHwol u ects npeGeaonoul Oax Gannozo cevenua useuBcrouutt HoKenT Memen OtRomenie sToro MoMekTa K Relicrayrontewy M, Xapaxrepliayer a6wroxX NpowHocrH ceqeHna. OnpeaeAPHHE NPOrHEOS Tipn pacaere kpuina Ha HopMaabunih HarnG meTonoM marpaMM WAM, KAX MET BIDIeIH, He MHXORHNOCS ONpeReRATH MoMeHTa HHep- tum’ Jenp MpHBeMeHHOTO ceNeHHR, KOTOPLA .eoGxoaKM alaK BLIMC- eta MPOTHGOB MO YpaBitestio 09Me Eadene Pasyncercs, stan nanpaxtenun oi, a chenosaresuito, 1 pexyx- twouneie xosdbunuenret ow: m= we, abe Mat cMorun On BHIAMCAHTD Jeup HOB STOM HET HAxoGUOCTH. Jex10 ® TOM, TO B pesyabrate pacieta MH NOayTaeM anayeNKe KPHBUSHEI OCH B KaxKAOM ceYeHnA — Mo, HTK KaK Ma Moxkent sanucats Tocrpors xpuBy!o % 10 paamaxy Kpsaa (pyc. 2.35,a), xB0K- Him MitterpuposanHen oT saslenKH K CBOGOAKOMY Kpalo MBL HOAy- YHM McKOMite MporH6L. Tleppoe uurerpuposanue aM qacT, ovesuaHo, y fe (xpnnas 6 apne, 236), a “Z propoe HHTerpUpoBAEHe AacT nporn6st Kpnista y { ye Le Puc. 236. (xpusan ona pac. 2.36), Zina crpesosuatioro Kpsiaa B 9T0 pewenne Haro Gyaer BHecTH nompansy 9a cyeT crpexosiuNoR samenkn Kpsiaa, Stor sonpoc Gyner paccmorpen 8 Raabelimen. 24, JENAHAUWS * TOTEPEYHBIX CEMEHHA, TPH CABHTE— KPYYEHHH. YCHOBRE BAMKHYTOCTH KOHTYPA Pacuer Kpuaa Ha HSTHG NM MpoHsnORMAH, MpHENMER BO BIH Manne TOKO arHGaOUNA woMeHT B cede. B KoHCTpyKNUN Kpuiaa warH6 wosMMKaer oT MOMepesHOR KarpysKH, cacMORATEALO, B cevenuax Kpoxe HaTHGawmero MoMeHTa GyxyT AeficrBoBare Tepuns pekowenzoran KoMnTeTON Naywno-TexsLNNeCKOR tepmsionoran (35) 70 ‘raNoKe HONepewMIMe cHaH, KOTOpUe B OOM caysae BUBORYT Ae opMauin chawra cevenua H SaxKpyunsanun, Pauuue vem uepefitis x paccorpetnio Meronos pacyera Tou KOcTeHHOTO KpHaa Ha CABHT M KPYWeHHe, OcTaHOBUMICA Ha BOMpO- Cax, CRAZAMIBIX C KANeCTREBHOK CTOpoHol xapaKrepa xeopwausit pH capnre—xpyveusu. Paccworpeie sT#X Bonpocos AacT Bo3- MOXNOCT YCraHOBHTh BAKHME ABHCHMOCTH MOLY CMEIMEKHAAMH TOdeK CeueliNA H KACATEAbMIMH HAMpSXCHAANH, sitaRUTEMbHO O6- weruaiouie KonoKeIMe H NOKMMAHMe BEX AamExeintunx pasienos paciera TowsocrewHoro KpHiaa, Suasme seaenull, usnaraeMBx B 9TOM pasiene, COBEPUICHRO HEOSKOAHMO HAN MOHAMAKHA H Hiccae- Ropaulia coppementisx mpoGien ToHKocTeHunx KOWeTpYKUMA, B cason C oTHM, panda, HecKOMBKO MOSKE, MIX BCE PABHO He cmoram 611 NpOATH NEMO STHX ABTEHHA, HO, c Name TOUKH ape- wus, ueaecoopasilo OsKaKOMHTEC C ABENMAMH senAAHANAN cesennit mo nosMoxuocTH patbute, 5 B. H. Beases, paspaOavtinax Meroxm pacseta Touxoctemoro Xphila Ha caoGodubte cABHT H xpYSeHNe, TlOmsOBaNCH SHepreTH- wecKHM seTonoM. TaxKHM o6pasoM, OH OCTABARA.B Tex MexanHte- exylo cTopony mporeKaioulx aBzenHit N AMD Mp HsyyeHUH crec- HekHerO Kpyvelns Gwc BRIKYARER OGparuTHCH K susteHMEN nenaanaunn cesennit. ‘Sto cosmapaao HcKyccrBeHNETh OTB ONKOM mpoGseMH oT xpy- rofl, B TO BpeMa Kak Pane CaitaKolteNKe ¢ AenAaHamMel cere Au nocteneHHo BROAAT YitTaTexA B KpyT mpoGaeM, cBasABNEx CO crecHennem jeopuannt, Ontiospenenio usnoxenue —MeTOAOB paciera Kpbina Ha CiaAT K KpYNeHHe cranoBHTeR Gomee sicHLM, OcpoGoxAance oT TpOMOIAKHX BNpaxenni norenuKamsHok sueprun. ipa ‘pacvere xouenpynun wu ofunio nomayewcn seroaox HopwambHHx cevennh. Su cewennt ToayYaeM. Ha HeHarpysKenHow KONCEPYKiWkH, MpOBOAH COOTHETCTHYIOMNE cexyINe TAocKoCTH, Ta- xa O6pasom, ceveHne KOMETPYKILMH, KOTOPOe MU NOMBepraem Aaapuelwesy uecaeKoBaHMIO, XO AeopManm sBaseres MNOCKEM. B peayasrare Harpyaentin Hu xedopmanan KoHcrpyKnH ar06aK TOWKa ceveHis i MOM < MOAYGHTS KAKOE-TO Mpocrpalicraentioe nepementenue A (puc. 2.97). Paaaomnm 3T0 mpocrpalicrsenuoe mepememenne A ia TPH Co- crapagiomtax: U, W —Mepemeniensia -B naocKOeTH cesenuR no KaceTeMHOR no Hopman K KOHTYpY; v—nepememerne no Hopaan x cexeHm (no Hanpapae- iio oct 2). Tipn mo6ux suauennax nepementennit u, w nazocKoe 20 zebop- Mauui cevenHe OcTaHeTem mocKHM. Tlepewemenne Ke U BHBOANT ‘rovKy i ¥3 maockoctH cegenas. Jaa Tor uroGsr TOUKH KORTYpa Hocae AePopMamuH BHOBL oKaIAMuc B OIHOM MAOCKOCTH, HeOOXO- AMINO CARBATD MepenetneHHA 0 ORHHM 3aKOHOM— saKOHOM m10- ckocrn, B oGitem caysae, ovesHaHo, mepemeulewa 0 penyr x 1KopobaeHHlo M10cKOTO XO AePopmanm coxenns, B oGweM caywae TaKoe cevenue yKe Me GyAeT. MOcKHM Mlocne HarpyxXeHUR KOKCT- ysauim, Tepeseueste roves uouepeaoro eevenun, mpeo6pasyin- hile ero 8 Kpupyi0 nosepxndcr vam copoxymxocth NaockocTel, Haauinaeren Genadnayuerl nonepeanoeo ceuenun. Tlosromy epememiennie Towex KoHrypa no Wanpaszenmio opa- sylomeit WTA, MpHBoARIee x KopoGueHmo ero, GyAcM B Raapueliuiem HasbinaTh Jenaanayued. Virax, oceaue nepeneutenna TONeK KoHTYpA, KaK MpapHino, Be AT K HenaaWanHn ceveHMA H TOAKO B OHeH’ wacTHOM cayaae, Kora ON! NOJUHEHA 2aKOHY MnocKorTH, cevenHe nocAc Hedbop- Mawin ocraneTcn NaccKHM (3TO HMceT MecTO, MaNpENep, NPM We eTom uarH6e Gann). Kaxonn xe xenaauanun cevernit 5 owen cayeae Harpy Ketan xpuaa? Kak consents 27 Aenaanamim ¢ Hanpmsenuewit B ceve- un? STH ponpockl nosy4aT HeKoropoe ocBeneWie B AaHHOM pasmeae. Paccmorpim Kptino moctosuoro, HO coBepuleRHO Tpousnont: oro Ce1eHUA C COBepULEHHO MpoUsOABHIN arpyIKeHHEM X KpaAe- BuIMir yemoBnanH (DAC. 2.38). : Tipu pacemorpesiis Gyzek onmparses Ha ritnoresy exsw oct opNat KOHTYpa TOHepesuoro cesenHs, Te. Gyaem npeano- Jlararb, "70 HepsIOps: KPbida cTOUs -KeCTKH B CROeA MOcKOCTH H n ‘Tak 4acTO paccTanzeHls No AaNNe KPa, ITO Reopuanun ceve- Wf Kpsina B HX M4OCKocTA MpeKeOpemMMo MasM. Dra rancresa, © COOTBETCTBYIONANH CroROpKAMH Ha Ge2 HAX, uMeeT BCeOotINee Pacnpocrpanenie cuitraeres xopoulo coorsercrayroutel elieT- BuTedbHOl cXeMe sBICHAR. TloxommM TakMKe, TO KacaTembiKe HaNpAIReHUA, BosMUKAIO- nue B KOHCTPYKUBH, MOCTOAHNE Mo TOAULAe OGUIMBKi H HanpaB- Hebi HO KacaTeaBHOf K KOATYpy. KpoMe TOrO, TaK 3Ke, KAK STO Mil enact MPM pacteTe KpHVIA xa HarHG, ynpocTi HecKoabKO cxeny pacnperesenun HOPMaMUBX HanpmKenmH no CONCH, OT- HOCH UX TOABKO K MpowomDMBIM peOpam (CTPHHTepHK H MOMKK NOR 2Kepowion c MpHCOeLMNEtO#, o6UTEBKOA) Bupexem 8 koHcrpyRuyK KpHaa ADYNs NapanaeaoMaNH ceve- wuaun 2c u 2=c-+dz orcex anunok dz (cx. pie. 2.38). Tiponymepyen mponombine peGpa nanenn oGumMBKx, o6xoxa KoRTyp Mo yacoBoi ctpeaKe, Kax 570 noxasamo a puc, 2:38, Fenn Kaxan-au6o Towa i cevenlin z—c w peayabtare neopmamih n0- aydaer nepememenya u, v Mt W, TO CooTBeTeTDyIOMaR TOUKA B ce- YeHHH z=C-+-dz ewectites yxKe Ha np tde o 20 ty. aw i wt Bae Caenosareaio, ecm sem Syaem ucnonbsopary We nomHEe cMeMesis, a cNeILeHAA OTHOCHTeABHO cedeHE Z=c, TO 91H cMe~ Meuns coorBercrserHo Syayt pawns: de, 2a; ae, a a ae Tlepememenna 8 ngocKocTn AaMKoro coves u, w cBAsanst InpuHaTO saMH rimoTesof oO He- Gwexkoctn *bopats KoHTypa 10- epeioro cewen. Honectio, To m06oe nepe- Meuetnie ecrkord. smeKA B enoel miockoerH Mower Guth aanieHelo npallienes oTHoci- TeEABHO HexOTOPO! HenoTBHAHOH rovxn, Ha pac. 239 xzo6paxenb awa MonoxeHus cexetis: EXOT hoe W noaoxkenue p pesymurare emeutenni 8 cpoeh tloeKoct Toaka O u ecTb TOT MrHOBeH- visit MeRTp, OAKHAM Bparlernien| oTKOCHTEMSHO KoTOPOTO cexeHNE m9 Nepsoro nosoxentin Mower GuT» nepeseseno BO Bropoe. exo nmropan Towa A ceNewua nepemectiten Toraa 3 nosoxenne A’, onncan Ayry Oxpyxtiocrtt paakfycom p. Yrom MEKAY HATAqBHIM! H KOHCNNNM MonoMeMNeN pamiyca Gyner, ovenrLIHo, paper Raza Fe de = ba. Sxece q—yron saKpysnsanna xoucrpyxuant, 22 —§ — oruocurea- neti yron saxpywuBanns. . Tloerpona 8 tosxe A xacarempiiyio M MopMame mK KOHTYPY 1 paanomum nepemeuenne AA’ no stuM sranpapnenunm. Orpesox AA", oxennsito, nact nam 32 dz, Jlerxo suterb, to AA’ = pid, AA Caenonatensno, AA’ cos 0. da = tpcos de, Onycrm teneps 19 TouKH O TepnenzuKyaip Ha KacaTenbHy!O 1(OB). Herpyaxo pagers, vro yron AOB pasen yray AAA”, cae- Howaverbo, kame nocrpoeusoro Hepuensunyaspa paaria r= pense, ormyna = Bry 2% Ceaxem Teneps MomyvenHoe nepenemienHe 10 HarpapsteHtito kacareaHol K KONTypy uC MepeMetienHem m0 HOpMamH K ceue- mmo 0 (¢ OCeBHM epeMemernem, Benyuum x enaanannn) B o6umaxe Konerpyxitut B oStiem caysae yay? xelicrsonaTD KaKHe-TO KacaTeAbEDIe MaNpAXxXCHHA T, BHOMBAK KeopmaihH capnca, OrHocreasiwi yrom cipura y, O¥eBNAHO, MoxeT 67D (2.25) Tlockoasxy Mi cunTaem, "ro t He MeHAeTeR no TOmULMHE O6- mwoxe, Han Yrouee samucats sty opnyay, Mepeha or nanpa- wxciiia’ K noromHouy KacaTembiiony YcuAMIO g—=xd. VanoacHn, Li Jroro aucaten sHawetarerb Mpapof vac papexctaa (2.25) fa } (roamany oGumpKa); Torma (2.26) ‘Ho, ¢ apyroit cropons, au a ey, 2.97) Te ta 6 rme $—KpHBOaNHeHNaR KOOPAHHATa TOHKH MO KONTYPY ceveHHR m4 + 8 a Toxerann 8 oro supaxente Sus (2.24) m yuo ua ds: 2 gg 948 & dom Hh ais, = oe Wells. 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B xelicrsH- TeABHOCTH, KAX Mb BHAUM, OHA HMeET MECTO H CaMOM OOLEM cay- ae HanpwXeHHOTO COCTORMHA KOMCTPYKUAH MOCTORHOTO ceveHER, ecau mpuxeriiua ranoresa oO MewamentioctH (opus KONTypa TO: mepemxoro cevenus, JI, H. Bana6yx noxasea, ato sta hopmyaa ¢ HECKODKO UATKIM TOAKOBANNeM O MOHMeHHIMA HK —KORYCHMM Ganxam. Veroowe samxuyrocrd xowrypa wa mmpoKo GyxeM ricTOAbs0- Bath B AarbHelteM, us6erax, TaKxM oGpasom, MeoGxomUMOCtE oGpamarbea K SHepreraueckHM MeTORAM, ®opmyaa (231) noayvera naa npowazossuoro KoKTypa. Eean KOHTY CeNeHtiA MHOTOCORAHHI, MOXHO, OseaNAKO, MOAT Me 7f oaity, @ Heckombxo sanicumocret THna (2.32), mpmMenus TOT je pies k KaxoMy samxnyrowy xoutypy ceuenas. Hanpywep, xm Kontypa, Ma0Gpaskennoro Hq prc. 242, noaywna tp yeagsun EL m= Bors Yow f » x 28 m= Phos oo . £ 2 © ‘ « 6 La Puc. 242, Herpynuo unxers, ro Bit60p 9aNKHYTHIX KOHTypoB B CexeNtit Momo OCYINCTBETS B PAIHBIX BApHaHTAX i KamsNA pas coor ReTeTBeHHO MpeoGpasyiorca cyMMu. TaK, ILIA TOTO 2Ke CeNeNTIA Ni eMoxen aamncaTs yenosne sanxryroctn xoutypos: ABCDEFGA, ACDEFGA, GDEFG, Cootsercrsywue ycaonna saMKnytoctH 3a- mnyres: HL = Ror 1) 26 a BE (ox +-on-+ Oni) anlSton EL = (on + oudi ACDEFGA Oe Onm, ovesnmto, npexcrazamot co6olh amunE sueRyIo KoMGH- nawo peacnex ypaBnernit. 25, PACHET HA CABHT 2.5.1, Ornenenme casura or xpysenna B mpeasnyuux pasnenax Kypca mii ostlakomuancn ¢ pacerow xpuaa na warn, Ho Tex KaK B melicTBHTeAbIIOM KpbIAe HaTHOAIO- Tite MoMeHTH susuBarorea monepewHO HarpysKol, pacuer Ha MBTKG AOAKEH CUTE JONOARER pacyerawi wa caDir H Kpyverne ‘Jlonyermw, aro B ceseHH Kpuata, Ma0GpaxeUHOM Ha “pHC. 2.43, nelernyer noreperiag cua Qy, HOpMadrsiad K HelitpambHol Och x. B oduiem caysae, cua Q, GyseT BUSMEAT CADHT B CeNeNvst T saxpytmpanue. Crenens saxpy%apania gaunoro ceverna (Bem uh yraa E) Gyaer, oxesuaEO, sapceTh oT MonoxeHHA cum Qy Slexo, To eca Mb OYseM CBHTAT cHAY B CTOpORY WOCKA KpHa, cosine Gye saxpywabareca Mo XOAY WACOBOM CTPeAKH H OTHO- curexbHMi yroa sakpyumpanus Cyne nospactarb, HaoGopor, up cweulpun cin Qy B Apyrom Hanpassewun yroa saxpywtBaHna Gyaer yOunan, HB KaKkOH-TO MoMeNT CMEHRT sHaK —ceNeuHe OyaeT Saxpydematicn B apyryio cropony. Orciaa caenyer, TO nceraa Morkilo Haft Taxoe rionomenue cam Qy, MPH KOTOPOM OTHOCH- Tenbu yrox saxpysapanna CeveHMA paBeK Hy, OrMeTsM cooT- ReTeTBYIOilly!O AGCMUCCY Sn Puc. 248. Boa 6x wa sneau teneps B paccMorpeHe BMecTo CHAM Qy cuy Qx, uanpaarennyio mo ocH x, TO coBeputeHHo aNasioraaHo eMoran 6M NpsiiTK x suBoay, TO cHaa Qs MPA KAKOM-TO NOmD- dKenin No sepTHKanH TaIOKe He act saXpyauBauA LaHHIOTO ceue- nz. Tlycrb coorsercraylomlan sToMy nouoxeiio opauiara Oyner Ym (cM, pic. 2.43). Tlepecevenue stax xoyx Manpasmenuit tact Ham TOuKy, KoTOpyio Mo aHaNOTHH ¢ cOoTRETCTBYIOMIel TOHKOR D AON 2KepOHHOM KPLLTE MBI HABOBeM WeHTPOM KECTROCTH. Mu WoKa He SiaeM, Kax HakTH TaKyIo TOUKY B ceueHITH TONKO- erensoro xpbura, He SHeM TaKXe, JaBHeHT MoJaKeHHe STOR TONKR of Beansmy HarpysKH wan Het, OTH BoMpocH! GynyT ocneMenN RambHehwen. B nani Mowent am focrarouo ovenHAHocTH cYillecrBouauua TaKoM TOUKH Ata aLaHEX CHA. Vrax, ecan tam sauana clita Qy, MM Rceraa cMOKeM, nepe- meuar ce 10. xopne, HahTH Takoe €€ TomomeHMe, Kora OTHOCH- TeaBMiH YTON BAKPYIHBAHA TaHMorO ceveNA GyZeT paBen AyWD. Ha pile. 2.44 ma ormernau sty aGcnnccy t_. Oa Ham TOKa nensnectna. Ipiaoxkam K ceveHHio NO ANEHY x—%q uke CHIN & #Qy dapannenune cuae Qy npuxen Q,=—Q, =Qy, Bresenne stux ci B cictemy neficrayoUNX He MSMeHHT, oNe- suano, Haripaxennli x Refopmauwh Kpbula, TAK KAK ONW BZHMHO Ypaanonenienis 8 onHoH TOaKe npTenept uerpyanio yesorpers, sto cnara Q; c aGcuniccoli, pasngit Jy, TACT TOADKO CHBUT ceveNHS Ges saKpyuNBaNNs, TAK Kax fita Tpoxoaur sepes uenTp wkecrHpCTH, a cua Qy HQ)’ NanyT aakpy- wunaiouryio apy Myp=Qy (Xe — Xue)- / Takum o6pasox, Nowsire WeNTpa AECTKOCTH AaeT HAM HofMOrK- Hoctb pasdenitr» Harpy>xenne Wa: f 1) capar cxsiok Q5 = Qy(E=0); 2) Kpysenne momentOM Myp—Qy (x — Xm). Tipu 9tom Aaa pacieta wa CRBHT me TpeGyerea sHaNNA NOAOAKe: HIG WenTpa 2kECTKOCTH, TAK KAK TOABKO KPYTALLHE MONEHTE SBBHCHT or ero xoopauuarat, Caenonarenbio, ecall mii 3Hae Monepewstyi0 Puc, 244. quay » ceventi, Mu cpasy MoxeM MponsBoMKTs packer Ha CRBEF, npeuonaran, wro cia Qy waMu Mepenecetla, Kak 9TO MBL cHeTamT eeliuac, B neNTP 2eCTKOCTH cevesua. OT HoMepesHol uarpyaKK Ha RoUcTpyKuMo KpHina B CeleHAH OmHOBpeMeHHO Gyaer nellcrBORATH HsTuGalouluk NMOMeWT, BUALIBAIOMNA HopMaanibe HaNpMKeHUA, ¥ NonepesHan clsia, BIMBAIOMaR KACATEMBNE NanpaKeHita, Ove- BUZHO, ¥TO Te H XPyrue HANAREHAA B OTACABNLIX SAeMeKTAX KOB- Crpyxin xomkwt Gur B pasoscern. Henombayem 97H YCnOBHR pabNonecia 208 onperexcHHs KacaTeabALX anpsKeNUit MO Hab TeHULIM pave HOpMANBELIM lanpaXeKHEM MH HsTHEe, Tips pemenna Gyzem ncromsopar> npruATiie pailee npeznoao- awe. 1. Kacavemsime wanpmxeiusa no Tomiyne O6muBKH M creHOK alowAeponoa He MeHsi0T cBoeh BeARSHNL t HAnpapsctA NO Kace- ‘enpuoh x KouTypy. 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PAC: EMorplM yexoBHe DABHORECHA OAKOM HS HHX, XOTA Giz Bepxpel, npuusonus, pasyneerem, B MecTe, papers cooTserETAY OMY noron- nyo Kacatezuayio cay (pic. 2.47). : Ha pacceveiolt o6munKe (ab wa puc. 247) Gyner xeliersoBaty noromitan KacaTenbuas cua g, 0 KoTopoll H3-3a maplocTt Kaca- Puc, 247. reaullsx nanpsxensit WOBECTHO, WTO B TOKE a OHA PaBita Jy, a B rouxe 6 ona Oyner qx—dqa, Tak Kak pacctonrime Memuly TOUKAMH au b mano (dz), Oynem cunTaTD, 110 OT SHATeHHA q, AO SHATEHTA Gu-—dqy HOTOHKan CHa, MeuneTCH aHHEIHO. Saimmem ycnorue pastopecus saemeHTa, us0Gpamenmoro Ha c. 2.47, CIIpOeKTHPORAR BCE CHILI Ha OCH Z \ t= tt) gp 9, | (2.33) \ Be -Be-eo+ st Tax xaK wien dqxdz—neausua sroporo mopanxa ManocrH, ypasnenue (2.33) nocue oveanaubix ympotiiemti mpitver Bi e3 Ho Hopanutioe Hanpaxenwe, a cAexOBaTeNDHO, M CHAM HpA uari6e MBL yXe walla, mosToMy, mno.teraBis 8 dopyay (2.34) snavenue Pz 13 paciera wa HSTHG, NOmyYRM TlOroRNe cHab ja avo6oh (e-A) mane oGmuEKH. Gopnyaa (2.34) mosyeva nas oTKpwTorO (HesaMKnyroro) ce ves Konerpyxui, OGostaiHM noroHNWe KacaTeMbHMe CHAT! LAK BTOrO CHYYAR Gor, T.€. pa ox (2.38) Han, Metin MecTaMHt SHAK CYMMLL H staK MporsBoaHOH, Gon = ~ 2.36) Tioncrasuw reneps » opmyay (236) puiparcenue npoxonbansx cua Pj, nonyyenxoe Ham MpH pacyeTe Ha HopManbubi HsrH6. Mus nem: TAC exp — MOMEHT HHEPLWM MpHBEREHHOTO ceseHHA OTHOCHTENLHO Faasiioh enrpambuoi ocu x ceverns: yi —opnanara m7. /-70 peGpa; Gi — peayxunonnt xoahduuvenr iro peOpa; Mz — uaraGawMnh momeHr orliocarembHO OcH Oxennano, sro Pym Fon re F;—-nnomans ceenua i-ro pe6pa c mprcoenuiennoh 06- minaxof, ‘ Caenonarensio, Faso JenHo tax Kex Fig, Finn, Mbt MOWEM SanHCaTb: Me or Hoferasian (2.37) » bopmyay (2.36), noaysmnm Py Foup dir 7 on SPs fr Ho 3) Fraps €€th CTUTIMECKET MomeHT OrHOKHTeABIIO OCH * BOEX You naomanell peryunposantioro CeNekHA”paccMarpHRAeMon| GaCTH KOH crpyaunn. OGosHasia cratuuecxsh MoMeHT SykBOH Srp, @ ANTEC, TORASMRAIOUNNE, KAKHE WEMENTM BXOATT B Sexp, GYACM cTABHTs aepxy, Tora Pacnmuem renepb nponsBoanylo mpousneneNns TAK fi ie Tloneranass. ‘oxotaaTeabHo Hoayanat Gea a he! Qy Ser a [ Sexe BySem oy, 4 (2.38) dene de \ dene B opayae (2.38) ace neangunnt Hai yke uaBeCTHB,, HAH MOTyT Gurb BETINCAeUD, CiedoBaTerbHO, MOTYT Obit» walizews u nOrOK- ite KACATeAHBE CHAM BO ACES Maleagx ceuestua. [papa Brste- arene wena pest a ( sae ) rE) dz Teun / xan Kaxaof nanemn oOuUBKH spesBuuaitzo TpyaoeMKO. OxeDitaso, ‘apo stor WleH OTAAEE OF HY.X TOMBKO B cayiae MepeMeHHOTO NO anne cevents. B npaxtivecxix pacuerax 9THM wteow vacro npexie6peraior 1 sorna opuyaa npartuscact ovens ynoOUnI AAA LeNOTESOBAMH BAA: act (2.40) a 16.3. HpnGawxenuui yuer «Konycocrn>, konerpy nn Oropomenui usin Bvopok sine pasoh vacrR papencraa (2.38) Mower Gbirh BBNICTEK npHOmMKeHIHO AAA KONETPYAUIH co é7a60 rsMennouuaer no Zune cesenuet. JLtx roro wroGs MpH- Mennts ‘popwyay (2.38) 6 PacteTe KaKOTO-ANGYAB US Coven xpbina 2—¢, 4am WoctaToao nMeTs 3Naue: ate mponanonuoit (2.39) x mpi coorsercrayiomen 2. 4 seMoTpHM—-MeGonb |" lof saMHNt OTCeK KpBLTA, coxepacaulit 910 pacer: | Hoe cevenre Z=6 (pxc. 2.48). B mpesaax aroro oF cea MU MOxKeM MoMOKHTS Frp@=WO Fini fy HZ) = PE) Ye - Puc. 248, 3xech Finp(2) m yi(2)—teKymue sHavenis mpunenentsx n10- magelt cexenii 4 OpANHaT EX UeNTpoB THKECTH, Fiay 1 yi— TO 2Ke AAR pacnerHOro cevettust apy (2) 1 9p(2) — neKoropite dbynxuut 2. BIS. Torna Texyuuie snavenns craruyeckoro MoMeHTa Syajf/M Mo- Menta HMepunit CeeHita Jaap (2) samutuyter TAK: “Sean = BOP OY WOKE ew $ LD Fin VO) He — OVO Seri Seay 2) B sro caysae nbipaasenne (2.99) npunuuaer Gone yAoSmusit Hag NpaMeHeHTA BAA act Sim @ p14 Tame a2 (W@)” ean B npeneaax manoi aaunet orceka dynkumo p(2) nonycrumo cHrare mtHetivos. Tyctb B TouKe O Ha ocH Z mepecexyTen mucueHHO mpoxowxen- nue ian oGpaaylomtie Ha pac, 248. Toraa us nono6us Tpeyroms- HuKoM 4O~2 r nQ=Caeqonatenbio, alva) -are=m B cevernn 2=€ ara mponssoanan mpHMer anasenne ras [yo] at dz) bec Lb Ecan oSoawasitrh BbicoTy pacueTHoro ce¥eHHa wa puc. 248 Gyxaofi H, a yron mexay xpafinumn oGpasyioulaMa Orcexa Y, TO pH Matoat y Hey om 1-1, cH Torna pupaxenne (241) mpiunmaer npexenb¥o npocto Bax ra st Se 4 iw (2.4% Ccraeren nonerapmre nomyueHWoe BLIPAMEHNE JIA NpoHaROMNOR (2.42) 3 opayay (2.38) men Vest a, — At) Say a a fener : (2.43) Mu noayauaw, TaxnM o6paa0w, ouenb mpoctyto popuyay (2.43), noasonsion{yl0 YWHTMBATE 1am nnodile onpererentoro xoutype, sKatoqaoNIC- To. ceGA TombED WacTH nanene® ecero ceHeHNs. TAX, gr «BanbiKa- ers Kontyp ABCDEFA, nanean crenox AC FD ocrawrea nite 310ro aawKiyToro KouTypa. Ciiaa gm Mpespaiiger p saMKivTHa OKT MaxeaK Kock ABC. F. H, wakonet, gun coomoinact® kowryp FP Ecam caenats ellie onium paspes no opasywomeR, xoTA Out B rome # a pic. 2.54, 70 orcex paglenres Wa Be wacTH HHS yeaonith pavnopeena Orxeimomielica vactit orceKa MBI erKo ¢MO- CKEM TOAYWHTS BHPAXKeHME Znx MOTO KacaTeMbUOK CHI gu. Ha pic. 2.55 waoGpaxesia nepxsa uacts orcexa i nelcTByi0- muse ma ee yernus ® MecTax paapeaon. Bamumem ypanenue pas- wopecis: ta ‘ x Pi = (Pi dP) + gad2— (9; + 4) dz = 05 onomkyaa cslenomaTeabHo, gx Team taxue ake OOpason cxeaaT paspes no obpasyioueh B ApYTHx HaweAAX KONTYpa, TO MoAyaNN cHeAyIOME BEIpAKeNnt AN gi Ha pasmHuHAx YUaCTKAX CeMeHIEA: ABC CD iu FA DEF Puc, 2.56. Tlas crenox AC w FD anavenne go=0. B opuyaax ra6anub ui poem Bee me ay B HOTORHMX KACATENBHMX CHAAX CTEHOK Aah coxpanierin oGus0cTH opstya. Ha pic, 2.56 Bbinucan MpaMo no Kontypy BUpasKeHHs MoroH- ux KacaTeaBHBX CHa Yeped noronvaR cha 2OGABAKETEA K go; TOABKO Wa Tex naKenRx, KOTOpse ABAMOTCA SNeMeIITOM KoHTYpA, pnemuuit xouryp ABCDEFA cexeuma, ¥ BO BceX tlaweatax 9toro KONTYpa HOGaBAACTCH gr. Tlorokan KacaresbiHaa cima gu AOGaBaneTeR wa nawen aypa ACDEFA w gmi—wa namemax Kourypa FDEF, 7.e. Na €DOWX, nlorouok cunok gr, emexonaTexb- Fo. HoadibrIUIeHTH 3TOTO YPADHEKUR MOTYT COCTORTD HS CyMM, PACK MpocrpaumomAnxca TOAbKO no e o stomy nepeouy KonrTypy. Bo- O6me Bce KOppUURENTH don, 1 Y XOTopHx nepabilt BAACKC pa- | je BeR emHIMUe, —OGpaayioren U3 ' * cymmuposaini peausun, ormo- CAMUNNeA K BHeUMeMy KOWTYY — ‘ABCDEFA (puc. 2.87) patos Hane mii coOupasn aaents, conepaaulie KaKYIO-NGYED OF- ny NOrouny! KacaTenbityio cn ay (qngn, ri Hak oi). CaéaozaTeabHo, pH noronHo” came drt anpiwep, ‘cyNwa OyAer coRepmaTb yike He nce MaHenH TepBoro ROHTYpa, @ TOABKO Te, Ha KOTOPHX ecru gu. Hae KoodypitwnestT a1, Oyner NOAYYeH CYMMENPOBAHHEM NO TEM sMeMEHTaM TlepROFO Kourypa (KOCTyPa 91), Ha KOTOPBIX oaioBpestenHo ecrh it MoroH- as CHa qr: ‘Sto Ager BOSMOKHOCTS chopmy.uposars g6tuiee NpABliTo co- crapnenag acex. xospepunenton ypasneiti (248), gaastouLnxcn To cyulecroy KAHONNGECKINH. YpABKeNMANA cOBMEcTHOCTH AedOp- awit ‘Kospuwwrerit Guy tpn N30 onperenseren opuyaoi (2.49), pw 0 Gopuyaon (2.50). Hf p tom, mB apyrow caysae cyMNEL pucrpoctpanawren Ha Te YuacTKH KONTYpa, Ae OAKospeMento HMeIOT MecTO NOTONHAC CHT Gm WJ Taxitm o6pasoM, TOO COCTaBHTis KAWORWNECKKE —ypaRHeHIA ‘enpura, jocraToulo pactucarh WoropHse KacaToauiue cua 10 KOMTYpY, KaK 370 CllesaHO Ha puc. 2.56, H aaTeN, UAINCAMD Cy MMe ey ast pyrounecn Gt Be onmonpemenHoro XeVcTBNA ABYX MOTOHHX CHT gm H do. Vis rpex ypanneumit (248) Momwo Hata saMbKaoumHe.g1, dit. gus, a cxerosarenbuo, x HoroHHy!o cuAy q; B mOGoH NAHE KOI % npowapecrit HX corenMe B npencaax ‘rypa io @opmyzam (2:47). Kacaremuie nanpakexnn tora onpe- Reasires mo popsyare a ‘Jerko suners, to: pave paccmorpenune caysan pacueta He- SaNMHYTOFO H SAMKHYTOTO KOHTYOB SRABOTCA HACTHEINE cAYTARMM MuoTOCBASHOTO KONTYpa H MosyUeHHOe HAMA peUlene aBAKETCR, TAKUM OOpason,, OOLUIM aan pacuera KowTypHAX cevennh na cABNT Ges xpysenus. Wo cnx nop max paccmarpunanca casar cao Qy. Conep- lleitio aklanorn4Ho MoxkHO mponecta H pacer cevenin oT cuset Q, Bee paccyaknelua u popmfas coxpasar npexusti sHx ¢ cooTser- crayiouleli samewoh xoopannat n muieKcos x Ha y My Ha x. Oaua~ Ko Wa-3a ManocrH Q, 1 Gonbuiofl xeCTKOCTH KpHAa —B NaocKocTR XOPA pacie Ha 1oGos0H caBur meaaeTcR OGUYHO UpMMHTHEHO. 26. ONPEAENEHHE WLEHTPA DKECTKOCTH CEXEHHS Ho cux nop Met paccmarpreaan wanpaxennt HW Zehopmanne puta, npeauonaras, uro panaorehicraynilan BHeNMHNX cH HPOXO- ANT €pea WeHTp xCerKocTH ceventin. Ho MM elle He snaex, THe NaxonuTes Takad TouKa, Burioavenii Ble pacter ceveHwn Ha CABHE RaeT BOSMOKHOCTD OTHETHITD Ha TOT BONPOC. cee ne ily © Puc. 258, Ielicranreasio, mph pacuete Ha caRHT Mb NpennoaaranH, TO xpyvenne oreyrersyer ($0), cneaopareasno, nitemmax cena (Qy wan Qe) npoxonHT vepes ieltrp Kecrxocr#. Ho ec:ta Tax, TO paB- noneRcrayoutan nuyrpennux xacateabibix can R, OReRAMHO, TORE npoliaer sepea uettrp eerKoerH (puc. 2.58 # 2.59): TakHM oGpasom, WetTp 2ectKocru MOKHO walt KaK TOAKY nepeceseHna aNKKH nelicreus paBtorelicrsyiolltAx BLYTpeHIK you ami px capare or can Qy n Qs. B peambitiax KpLimax WeHTp 2KeCTKOCTH OBHIHO BEChMA GMGOK K XOPE KPBisIA HK NpHOATKEHROcouraiot tw0, OnpeRerRA pacueTOM TORDKO oAUY KoopAuHaTy Netrpa xecrKocrn Zn KaK.KoOpAUATY paawosieRerAYONel NOrOH- Hux KacaTeabHBX cH cxByTa Ry. (Oy) eon nO Puc. 260, Vicnombays teopemy MexaHiKil, 170 woMeHT pasnoneBeTayrouie panen cysive moNeHTOS CHIT cocranasionunx, sammutem (pHc. 2.60) Ryka = fads. Bnecy r—aaulla nepnexanxyanpa, onymeHHoro 3 Hayaae Koopaitiar Ha Kanpapaetine KacareabHoi B nanuott TouKe, Marer- pan Gepeter No CCM YUACTKAM KOWTYpa, BKMOGAN Ree creNKM HOW KEPOHOR. PasoGnem reveps warerpaa mo BceMy KOuTYpY Ha cyMNy uilTe- rpaitop to OTMenbsIEEM NaKeNAM Rye Bf rade Ho » Kaxno navead g uMcet noctosHHoe suavenne gi, cae nonaTeabtto, Ryke = Da f rds. f rds = 2a, m Tae wy —naz0WaRe ceKropa, coorserctsylomero ayre i—1, é (Ha- TONHHM, Yo wi>0, KOTAA Momans oOpasyeren Bpauennem pa- auyca-ektopa lo xony acoBoH cxpeakn). Takum oOpagox, MOMEHT MOTOHHLIX KACATCADHLIX CHA KOBTYpA sanmueres Tak: My = 2340 251) Onnogpemexuo nazectHo, 470 Ry=Qy caetonarenbio: (2.52) Venosbaya nonyuenunie ua pacvera ta casur czoH Q, moron nue KacaTeabunie cuss gi, To popmyae (2.52) aerKo onperenuTD KOOpANHaTY 1leHTpa *KECTKOCTH Copepuientio ananorimmo Herpyano moxysnTb: (2.53) 3uece gf —norowme KacaTensibve yeaa or cxBara cH aolt Qs, Pe a] Moir Aaa 4 7 oes Puc. 261, Sopuyau (2.52) a (2.53) MoxHo npeoSpasopats, yuerLiBas, w10 gy CKAAAMBACTER 13 qo; H SAMBIKAIOULHX TOFOHAUX yeuaHi Tpeobpanyen opmyay (252) nas cayaaa TpexxouTypHoro ceve- sins (pu. ‘Sanuues upaMo wa KoNType BMpaKenMe g. NepeD gor H 3aMel- KaloUlMe TOTOHHbe CHAM, TONaysCe usAOKEHMLM DME npantt- Jom. Pasobbem cyay @opmyasi (2.52) Ha pan cyMM BHleceM ‘Tyna anauenus gi ¢ pac. 2.61: Seas =F (dou + 91) MS (401 +9 Fu) + 4 ae 1 soFB (dort at Gea + den) +E Gor aig) ee + Zloty Cobepeu Teneps noroSase wens: Daw 2a B+ ieee ieee ae Alero Bnet, TO Mepmxe Tp cysaun (c yueTOM sHaKa wy) AanyT COOTBeTCTBCHHO Gx, wm, Om, 7.e. MaoulaRH, orpadnuenmie MepoiN, DTOPLIN H TPeTbUN KoNTypami, Dopmyaa (2.52) npuner Teneps Bua: 1 =F Pm + 2a + Mu On + PEF) opuyna (254) Gore yaoGna gaa suaHereHNA KoopARNanE Jn Sem opwyaa (252), lecKorps Ha 70, 10 BurAeART Goaee exoxHOA, Tipu suuitcneHiit HO stoi dopy.ne yMeHbuaIoTes Bos- Moxknocti o1mOHTEcR B sHaKax w. KpoMe Toro, opmyaa (2.54) morpesyeres m ZacibHeAiteN. Conepuienno ananoriHo MOxHO samucars dbopmyay, ompere- AniOIy!O KOOPANHATY WekTpa AECTKOCTH Ux Bupaxenus (2.52) n (2.54), onpereasiomme noxoxenue neuTpa xecTKocTH, conepmKar cuay Qy, TAK GTO MOXKer coaaTHCA KENDA DinabHoe NpecrabmeNHe 0 SaBHcHMOCTH KOOpaNKAT HeHTpa 2ecTKO- cm of neRCTBYIONUAX B ceuEHHH cust. B AClicTBETeADHOCTH, STO He tax. Besuanast gr, gu, gus go: Rponoprmonassun Q, u, ea BamcaTh ux B ABHON BHAe Hepes Qy, MOcsIeNHAR cOKpATHTCS. 27. PACHET HA KPYYEHHE |. Onpenenenne xpysauera Momenra HocxonsKy B KAKMOM CeNeHHH KpLisa Mit HMCEM BOSMOKHOCTS OnpestesHth KeHTp ECTKOCTH, CTAHOBATCA BOSMORRIIKIM YCTAHOBUTD i Beanuinry KPyTALLeTO MoMeHTa, sleficrByIoMero B ceuexTH, Tipx noctpoenms smiop mix ycaontio mepentecar Bce narpyak Ha nexcropyio otk z. Jam mo6oro ceveunia Kpisla MMI MOrKeM, ciTeZ0- BaTeAbHO, NoayHtTb ero HarpyaKy (Q,, Qe x M.). Taxnm o6pasom, cevenite KpLINa B OOULeN cayaae OyReT HarpyKeKo TaK, KaK 3T0 noxesauo Ha puc. 262. (ua nem wel cpasy oAOXNAM, ‘Wr0 cHta* Qz Mpoxontr Yepes ucHTp iecTKOCTH, KAX 9TO OGuMHO jeTacTeR 4ia-3a MajlocTH Qy # ee niyse¥a), Han wasectio, wro ecm ciiza (ime papnonelicreyiomas chm B event) NpoxOAHT Yepes leNTP %KECTAOCTH, 70 CeveHHe Ne 2aKpy 98 unnaeres (§=0). TIpuzommae p uenrpe xectxocrn jee cHan: Q; Q raw, wo Q=—Q=Q, Mpraoxenuem s7ux con mis, o4e- BHAHO, We USMeHEM HACpY:KeHHR KORCTPYKUMA, TAK KaX CHAT QQ, ssaumxo ypasiosemenst p ro1Ke (puc. 2.63). Torre cua =Q, xacr wax caBHr, KOTOPHA HaMY yrKe paccMoTpeH, a cunt Qu Y~—Q, conmecto womenton M; aanyr saxpyumpanne xpuaa, upusen Mg = My Opi. e255) Or xeiicraNA Kpyraulero MOMeHTTa B KONCTpYKIUH BOSHUKKYT B oGteM cayyae Kax KacaTeabEBIe, TAK K HopMaauite HanpHNeHAA (tem 04), Samana wx onpexenenua asanerea wiloroxpatiio cratH- My don & a, Puc, 262, Puc, 263, Neck Heonpexeammoh, Tax Kak HeHapECTHBIX MiHOrO, a craTHKA fact aM TORDKO UecTs YpaBHeKRA paswowecan ceuerns. OrnocmrensHo Npocte peuiewua sto caomnok sanaun Suan Monyseun ¢ NO. MoMIG0 HCKOTOPEIX THTOTES, MpeAMOACNUBX 4 BHENEHILX B pacver- nylo upaxtuxy B, H. Beaseaum. ANaANGUPYR Meron pacteTa HDKeHepREX coopymennh ua xpy: Nelle, a taioKe uaywan SKcnepHMenTamno aBMeHNe KPYSEHHR KDA aa, B: H. Beases npuea x sitwory, uro pacuer Ha Kpyseuue Tort Kocreinolt XOHCTDYKLHH NOXHO NpOHsBOMITH Ha OcHOBAHIN TeX KE Twmores, so H pacver Ha exexr. Kpome toro, mM 6hin0 yeranoa- + 9aeko, uo Ha Goabwell ¥acTH Xptia HopMambaMe HaNpaXeHHR, BOs- hurxatoune 8 pesyabrare Kpyveltnn, Hesuaunreabiin W MPH pewenua saqauH UME MOXHO MpeHeOpers, C nomoutbio STOR rinoTeSB Mt Coonan yqoSKiaH AX Npaxrueckoro MpaMeHcHN| meroR pacieTa, 2, CuoGoauoe (weerecuenmoe) xpyuenne Kpyxewue xoncrpykuinl, 6 peayabrate xoToporo B ee Hopma.tb- HOM CeueHHH BOsHAKAIOT TowbKO KacaTeAbIMe HanpwReATA, HASH Baereg caoGonwum xpysenden. B xaqbuelimes Mal nonchin, 10 Osuauaet TaKoe Haspanne. Paccmorpm chavaaa KpyenHe KoHeTpYKIUNH ¢ MesaMKuyrunt KonTYpOM HonepewHoro cexetns (puc. 2.64). Ha stow pricynKe H90- paren orcex Konerpyxunn AmMHO dz ¢ AeficTayiounH To ceqe- HHO TOTORREINH KaCaTeAbMBIMN chaaMH gq. Tak Kak sul paccwar- PuBaem cboGoanoe KpyvenHle, ROPMasDNKe HANPAKeMUA B ceveHTA oreyrereyior. Paceexaa orcex no ooh o6pasyrouteli p nanean ku pacear- piisas papnonecne orcewenwol wacru (puc, 2.65), noayauts: qudz—0, “re ge=0, Taku oGpasow, B HesaNKHyTOM KOHTYpe Kacarensue Hanpa- Xeilia He Moryt cymecrsoBaTs Gea onoppemeititoro mpuicytcrors Hopwaasix sanpmxenf. Timotesa ne Mpumeinina x WesaMRHYTOMY ToHKocreiHoMYy KoHTypy. Pacer ® STOM cayae HeOGXOAHMO MpONsBOAATS Mave Paccuorpist reneps samxnyritit xontyp (puc. 2.66). Taxoe ce- “ MenHe OrauiaeTen oF npexwAyMeTO HaaHuNeN samuKaWutel NaHe- a4 1, a caegonareasuo, H saMwKatoulelt noronton KacaTeasnod ‘cme gr Cuenaem tenep» apa paspesa no o6pasyroutell, ono n naneaw 1, a apyroe 8 m06oli (k-it) anew. Mpoextupya na oc z cats, seit. erayiounie Ha orceuenuyio wacTo, cpasy noayaum (pue. 2.67): Wwe T.€. » 9TOM cayuae norowHas KacavenbHaa cua ocraetes mocTORH- Holl_no Beemy 2amuyromy KouTYpY. Tan onpexenenun ec uenosssyem ypasnenie pawHosecua cene- wiv; MOMeHT NOTOHUBX KacdremsHbIX Cut (2.51) npHpaRHaeM meu HeMy NomeHTy . Wage, = Myyy TAK KAK gc B STON cayHAe HOCTOREHO HO KOMTYDY G=g, @ Bee 0, te ©— naoutaas, orpanvensan Kory pow Myo "h a or Mpocran opmyaa Gna usnecria B rexmxe Kax dopmyaa Bpenra, 10 265. Puc. Puc. 266, Pac, 267. 2.6. Puc. 101Herpyatio reneps noaysats dopmyay aan onpexeneuna yraa saxpysusanus, Henoapayem gam aroro yenosne sawxiyrocri KOH rypa rm Gi; Tloactanaas cioga 9; aa (2.56), noayyuat Meo Si Da ean B row caysae, xorga G:S: moctommuo no KoHTypy, opyaa (2.57) upno6peraer eme Goaee npocroi wuz: Eo. 1A€ Srons—Repumerp KowTypa. Paccworpust relleps Ha Mpauepe Tpexkoxtypworo cevexna cBo- Soatioe KpyueHHe MuorocnasHoro KowTypa (pic. 2.68). JTerKo Bi. Hers, w70 B STOM CHYaae, TAK Ae KaK KB cayuae cara MuOTO. CBASHOTO KOUTYPHOFS CeHeHEA, PeMeHKE MoKeT Gurr MOAyNEKO c ROMOULbIO pasaHAHOR KOMGuRaMHH paspesos KoUTypa. Maa noay. NewHR eRuHOOBpasnisix u yaoGuMX B Mpaxtaxe paspemlaioulHx YpasHenssi cnenaem paspests KoHTYpa CeieHHA TAK, KAK STO OLLIO cueaato 8 satave o cnpure. Paspexem no o6pasyioiek ace nanent Kowrypa, sa_uckaro¥e- suem nocaeauelt, nat nO Xopme xpeaa cnewa Hallpauo. TaKKM o6- PasoM sMorocaRSHBIA KOHTYP MB MPeBpaTHM B MpocroM HesaMKHly- Tui. B mecrax paspesa npwaoKMM jieHaBectHHe MoKA noronnbie Kacarembiste cuate fu, guy H gua (one. 269)" a Honoxuresbioe Haupasaenue g cHoBa Oyen cuilTarb Hanpanenne Rpx OOXoxe SoHTypa Mo XOLy YaconOW crpeaKH mo oTKoUIeHO Havana KoopanHaT, RoATOTO Tax, Kak 9TO TloKasaHO ua pte. 2.68. His pacvera wa cusur wax ye HadecTHO, 10 «saMuKaiomner NOTOHUBe KacaTenbHBe cuabl ReACTBYWT TOABKO Ha TeX MaHersx cesenus, KoTOpHe SxORaT B SANMKAeMBIT UMM KoNTyp. Sto Maer HAM BOSMOKROCTS Cpasy samicare AUpAKeIWE Max g; Ha T0GOK Yoacrxe KouTypa wepes mpsixeunit np cBoGoaHoM Kpy- MORIA TpexKoUTYpHOTO. ceueHIist conepxxnt Tp HenspecTuBte noroule cits Gt, dx H Gr. Has wx onpesere- MWA MB MOEN HenOAKIORATD ‘roms ofto YpabMenue cra- ‘THK: Durarconne 4, mee “Samaroo = watt w= aon eon 23qi0; — Ma. (2.58) B xavecroe ronommuvesbitix ypanitenat yaono cuopa pocnoxb- SoBaTHCR YCROBMAMH 9AMKHYTOCTH KoHTypOB. TAKNX ypaBireMiit Nik ‘MoxeN cocrasitns TpH: #8. ho, ; HE. Bo, 5 Seen Dida 2.59) Kax puzun, yeaosia saMKHyTOCTH KonTYpoB coepwaT ene onny Wensnecrhylo senusnny &—oTHocHTeabMEi yron saKpyNaBa- nus, Coexonaternio, xa OnpenerenHa weTIspex KeHsBeCTHIX qs, Qu, Qmz Mu & Mil teem xocTaTowOe KomMMHecTBO ypasiemuit (aernipe). Ypasticnnan (2.58) n (2.59) MoxHo mpyaats Gonee yxoOnsit nung, PaceMorpise chauada ypanitene pastiovecra (258). Cyuaa ® STON Ypanilenmu pacnpoctpanmetca Ha Bce manean cevees. PasoGnem ec 1a oTaembHbe CyNMB TAK, WrOGD B KaKA0i cywME 9; oKasaaoce HenaMenibin (cM, pHe. 2.68): Bquos = 2S (4) +2 Zt guyin+ $2 BG Fat Gin) +2 ZIM + 2S My Bunecen tenteph sa skaK Karkxof cywarst Mocromutte ToroH- iic saMErKaIouNHe CHAK: H COGepeM NoACEITHE WIENS Baw, =, VY wy +2%q, Sw +29, wy, (2.60) Fi 8s aaBer at +7 co Ste "1 obo Ulerko suaerb, ¥r0 Kaxktas H3 Tpex cyYM B BbIparKenin (2.60) act NaoMasH, Orpatuuenisse coorseTcrayOMMAM saMKuyTaNH KouTypawin, 7. € BE git, = 24, , + 2qy, 0, + 24, Crenosareasuo, ypastiene paprioneca (2.58) ¢ yuevom (2.55) mpuMer BA . 29, Ob 24, Oy 2, Oy = Mz — Qyhaee 261) 103Tipeo6pasosan ypapienus (2.59), Kaz? 916 Mua aenasn upa pacvere na capur, nonysnac 1, Oy FOG 14, 28“ 2994, gy bay Ossi, Kosppunuerrst ai, coorsercrseutio pasn Kosdibausertan KAHORHMECKHX YDapuenni cxgnra, nonyrentiuim HaMM paiiee, Ypazuenua (2.61) u (2.62) avr sosmomuocts scerga HalTH nenspecraMle qi, Guy gin H 8 @ caekonateabiio, H KacaTeMDHBMe Ha mpaxemn ty. Tloapsyacn Ta6a. 2, ata moGoro yuacrka MoxKHO HafitH 4 sepes coammxaoue>, a to g, onpenemure 1; ua cooTHouertan yet, a) Tlocaeanaw 9ramiom pacueta cevenia AomKHO Gsith cyMMNpoBa- vile HopManbitax W KacaTenoHux HanpmMeMl, HOAyUeNNU BS Pace SeTOs Ha OTAeADHMe BHAN HarpyxeHHi, Tak, HOPMaADHe HanpA- ake MM NOAY4KAH HS pacieTa Kpbita Ha HOpMambHLl H Ao6oBO vsrH6w. 3TH Hanpwxenns crenyer caoxHre aare6pamvecks. Toute Tax Xe eAoxKaTCA M KacaTemDHNe HaMpAMENUA, TOaYaeNIIE He pacuetos a cabur # Kpy¥eRne (2.62) 2.7.3, Pacver wa caser—xpyseune Vsaoxennuf wusme Meron ompenesenia KacavensMux Hanpa- 2keHHA B TOHKOCTenTION Kpuute, TpesTOxeHnu B. H. Beasesin, Hoctpoex ¢ noMoMsN pastoxela caoKHOR zehopmanun tia sae. Menrapnie — caput m xpynexne. Jax ocyiecrenenun Taxoto pas JoxeHns ObA0 BBeAeHO TOWATHE KEHTPA ReCTKOCTH ceueRHK Pacuer no oro ckeme pecba MeTORMSel, TAK KAK OH BCKpLLBAeT MexaHiaM AeopManHN ceveltNR, AzeT uellHioe Ram wDKeHepa TO” BATHE © weNTpe -KECTKOCTH, sHaKOMNT ¢ NPHEKAMN OnpeNeeHHs HelTpa 2eCTKOCTH CevEHHR, NOSBOARET A€rKO, HPOCTHIM NepecteTOM, HosyiNT KaCaTeMBHNe HaNpAXeHiia a 10% oKe KoucrpyxMNN TPH HOM Harpyxkenuy. TlountHe Welttpa wccrKocTH, HaKoHeNt, 4e06x0- AuMo 208 Bexphitia Mexanusma baatrepa xpblna M pacueTa Ha Gaarrep. Oavako wit cuitae WexecoobpasHuiM oaNaKOMNTS UuTa- TENA ¢ PACUETON CeNeHHA H Ha CACAHYID Rehopmauwo cABHT — xpynieune Ges npunaesenaa nonsrHa © ueHtpe ectKocTH. TpH Ta KON Pactete anaunrenbilO CoKpalliaeTca BuliKeANTeRbHaK paGora, Tak Kak OTMANRET HEOGXOAMMOCTS OMpeenAT WeNTp 2ectKocTH H Pewar> apaxas cuctemst aareGpanvecKHx maNeMHNX ypaaneuna ¢ OUNHAKOBSIH AeBLIMT vacTsKH. B cass c te, ro noayNennsm pave paspeniaiouum ypan- HeHHAM CUBHTa W KPYSeHH MDL YMOIAeHHO UpMAaAN ORWY H TY, 104 dee DOpMy, pemeHHe nocrassenHof saxayH nocraraerca wecuma mpocto, Tlyct» cevenne xpniaa, uso6paxensioe wa pic. 2.70, aarpyxxeno cuzoit Q, 1 M,, Paccaifrsibaa 370 cevenwe na capur no. paltee Puc, 2270. Ha10KeHHOMy MeTORy, COCTABHM paspewlaiolle ypanucHus an ONpeAeTEHHA NOFOHHBIX CHA M YpABHEHe AAR On pedeneHaa KoopaHHaTs HeHTpa 2KecTKOCTH: 3) ay, ay Mastin, + t0 = 95 2) ang, + My + ay + 0 = 05 3) iad + ie, + Gaal, + Os 4) 2a Gy + 2 Gy + 2044, ny + BEGuies = Opus Bee NOroUNNe CHAK GyKBOR g F Ges Yeprowex, donysnt VY dang, F140, + M48 Gyny “yy = 2G, 5 2) dn 9, + On 9, + Oar Fury + Meo = EO; 9) aad 020g + M38 Gurs Gan = 20, 5 4) 2049 + 20 94, + 2044, 9,4 + 22Qoit = My