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Obtencion de
Z
f (x)dx
a
f (x)dx =
a
x1
f (x)dx +
x0
x2
x1
f (x)dx + +
n1
X Z xj+1
j=0
xn
f (x)dx
xn1
f (x)dx
xj
P1 (x) = f (xj )
f (xj ) = h1 xj + h0
f (xj+1 ) = h1 xj+1 + h0
x xj
x xj+1
+ f (xj+1 )
xj xj+1
xj+1 xj
Integracion de P1 .
Z
xj+1
xj
P1 (x)dx =
f (xj ) Z xj+1
f (xj+1 ) Z xj+1
(x xj+1 )dx +
(x xj )dx
xj xj+1 xj
xj+1 xj xj
f (xj+1 ) 1
f (xj ) 1
(xj+1 xj )2
( )(xj xj+1 )2 +
xj xj+1 2
xj+1 xj 2
xj+1
xj
P1 (x)dx = (xj+1 xj )
f (xj+1 ) + f (xj )
2
Si xj+1 xj = j , entonces:
Z
xj+1
xj
P1 (x)dx =
f (xj+1 ) + f (xj )
2
Integracion de f .
Z
f (x)dx =
a
n1
X Z xj+1
j=0
xj
n1
X
j=0
f (x)dx
n1
X Z xj+1
j=0
xj
P1 (x)dx
f (xj+1 ) + f (xj )
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
= ( f (x0 ) + f (x1 ) + f (x1 ) + f (x2 ) + f (x2 ) + + f (xn ))
2
2
2
2
2
2
b
a
1
1
f (x)dx = ( f (a) + f (x1 ) + f (x2 ) + + f (xn1 ) + f (b))
2
2
Ejemplos:
Obtener
Z
1
0
ex dx
1
0
1 2
3 2
1 2
1
1 1
2
ex dx ( e0 + e( 4 ) + e( 2 ) + e( 4 ) + e1 ) = 0.743
4 2
2
xj+1
xj
f (x)dx
xj+1
xj
P1 (x)dx =
3 (2)
f (cj+1 )
12
xj+1
xj
f (x)dx
Z
xj+1
xj
xj+1
xj
P1 (x)dx =
xj +
xj
(x xj )(x xj )dx
1
1
1
( )d = 3 3 = 3
3
2
6
Luego:
Z
xj+1
xj
f (x)dx
xj+1
xj
P1 (x)dx =
1 3 (2)
f (cj+1 )
12
b
a
f (x)dx
n1
X Z xj+1
xj
j=0
P1 (x)dx
2 (1)
(f (b) f (1) (a))
12
Dem.
error =
X
1 3 n1
f (2) (cj+1 )
12 j=0
X
1 2 Z b (2)
1 2 n1
(2)
f (cj+1 )
f (x)dx
=
12 j=0
12
a
1 2 (1)
(f (b) f (1) (a))
12
Ejemplos:
Obtener el error en la aproximacion del ejemplo anterior.
Z
1
0
ex dx
1
.
4
2
1 1 2 (1)
( ) (f (1) f (1) (0)) = 0.004
12 4
Z
sin xdx
INTEGRACION.Metodo Simpson..
Obtencion de
Z
f (x)dx
a
P2 (x) = h2 x2 + h1 x + h0 /
P2 (x) =
P2 (x) =
Integracion de P2 .
Z
xj+1
xj1
P2 (x)dx =
I1 =
f (xj1 )
f (xj )
f (xj+1 )
I1
I2 +
I3
2
2
2
2 2
xj+1
xj1
u(u )du =
u du
udu
I1 =
I2 =
Z
Z
u du = 2
xj+1
xj1
2
u2 du = 3
3
(u + )(u )du =
I3 =
xj+1
xj1
4
(u2 2 )du = 3
3
I3 =
(u + )udu = 2
2
u2 du = 3
3
Entonces:
Z
xj+1
xj1
1
P2 (x)dx = (f (xj1 ) + 4f (xj ) + f (xj+1 ))
3
Integracion de f .
Z
f (x)dx =
n1
X
xj+1
n1
X
xj+1
P2 (x)dx
n1
X
j=1 ; j
f (x)dx
1
(f (xj1 ) + 4f (xj ) + f (xj+1 ))
impar 3
n1
n2
X
X
f (xj ) + f (xn )]
f (xj ) + 4
[f (x0 ) + 2
3
j=1;j=impar
j=2;j=par
Ejemplos:
Obtener
Z
1
0
ex dx
1
0
1 2
3 2
1 2
1 1
2
ex dx ( )(1 + 2e( 2 ) + 4e( 4 ) + 4e( 4 ) + e1 ) = 0.74686
3 4
b
a
f (x)dx
n1
X Z xj+1
j=1
xj1
P2 (x)dx
1
( )4 (f (3) (b) f (3) (a))
180
sin xdx
b
a
f (x)dx
M
X
wj f (xj )
j=1
b
a
f (x)dx
n1
n2
X
X
f (xj ) + f (xn )]
f (xj ) + 4
[f (x0 ) + 2
3
j=1;j=impar
j=2;j=par
1
1
3
3
; x2 =
w 1 = w 2 = 1 ; x1 =
3
3
Z 1
3
3
) + f(
)
f (x)dx f (
3
3
1
Ejemplos:
Obtener
Z
ex dx
1
1
ex dx e
3
3
+e
3
3
= 2.3427
Ejercicio
Obtener:
1
1
ex dx = e
1
= 2.3504
e
sin ydy
y = (b + a + x (b a))/2
Por un procedimiento similar se puede demostrar que para M = 8 los valores de
los parametros son:
x1
x2
x3
x4
x5
x6
x7
x8
= 0.9602898565
= +0.9602898565
= 0.7966664774
= +0.7966664774
= 0.5255324099
= +0.5255324099
= 0.1834346425
= 0.1834346425
w1
w2
w3
w4
w5
w6
w7
w8
= 0.1012285363
= 0.1012285363
= 0.2223810345
= 0.2223810345
= 0.3137066459
= 0.3137066459
= 0.3626837834
= 0.3626837834
Ejemplos:
Si aplicamos los 16 parametros anteriores para resolver la integral de la exponencial obtenemos:
Z
1
1
ex dx 2.3504
f (x)dx =
lim
n
(ba)
n
Pn
i=1
f (x(i) )
b
a
f (x)dx
n
(b a) X
f (x(i) )
n i=1