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where Rmax is the ultimate recovery of the valuable component, which is set from 0 to
100 % from the experimental data of the flotation process, % (see. Fig. 3); T is the time
constant of flotation (the constant of inertia), secs; is the time delay of flotation, secs;
t is the time, secs.
The approximate transfer function of the flotation system of the first order with
delay (2) is a universal dynamic model of the system, which allows us to
describe the statics, kinetics and dynamics of the flotation process
where k is the transfer coefficient of the dynamic system; T is the time constant of the
inertia of the dynamic system, secs; is the time delay, secs; s is the complex
variable on Laplace.
Also we need to take into account that the value of the input variable
(independent variable) X(s) is the unit step influence 1(t). Then we obtain
the following expression
Lets substitute the expression (2) in the expression (5), then we get
Next, we carry the inverse Laplace transform L -1 and we go from the operator
form of the expression to the usual form
If we take into account that function y(t) represents the kinetic dependence
R(t) and the transfer coefficient k=R max then equation (7) is transformed to
equation (1) in this case. As a result, we have the improved equation of
flotation kinetics (1) of the traditional kind, but with a delay.
The improved equation of flotation kinetics (1) proposed by I. Bobin is a
simple and clear solution of the problem of modeling the kinetics of the ore
flotation. Equation (1) is well suited for modeling of flotation kinetics R(t) of
the processes with exponential kinetic dependence and S-shape kinetic
dependence, with delay or without delay, too. The equation (1) of I. Bobin is
devoid of these drawbacks of the equation of K. Beloglazov. The equation (1)
is fully taken into account the upper limit of recovering a valuable component
as a percentage, the delay and the slope of kinetic curve R(t); model
parameters Rmax, and T are conveniently determined according to the
schedule of the experimental curve of flotation kinetics using the standard
graphical method (see. Fig. 3), there is no need for the selection of model
parameters.
Lets consider the example of the usage of I. Bobins equation (1) for
modeling the kinetics of flotation of copper-zinc ore.
Example
In the laboratory, we conducted studies on the kinetics of flotation of copperzinc ore. Grade of copper of 1.55%, grade of zinc of 0.83%. Weight content
of the class of less than 0.071 mm was of 80%. Ratio of liquid to solid was
L:S=3:1. Consumption of reagents: 49SS of 5 gram/tonne, T-80 of 15
gram/tonne. Flotation process was carried in a neutral environment. Flotation
time was of 10 minutes. The experimental curves of the flotation kinetics for
copper and zinc are presented on Fig.2. We need to obtain the analytical
dependences of the flotation kinetics for copper and zinc.
Decision
Figure 2 shows the flotation kinetics for copper and zinc, R (t), obtained from
experiments in [2].
On the shape of the experimental curves R(t) we can conclude that the
dependence R(t) of copper has an exponential form without delay. The
dependence R(t) of zinc is S-shaped with a delay.
For a practical simulation of the flotation kinetics using I. Bobins equation (1)
we need to first identify the model parameters R max, and T. Lets use the
graphical method to solve this task (see. Fig. 3).
Actually for copper the equation (8) is converted to the equation (9)
Practical simulation of the flotation kinetics using the formula (1) is as follows.
One need to obtain values of function R(t) in the interesting range of the
argument t. Mathematical modeling can be performed using a manual
calculation with engineering calculator, MS Excel, MATLAB or other software.
Sample program to calculate the flotation kinetics of copper (9) and zinc (10)
Fig. 4. The analytical dependences of the flotation kinetics for copper and zinc
obtained by simulation using formula (1) of I. Bobin
Thus, the proposed method of modeling the flotation kinetics, which based on
the I. Bobin equation (1) is convinient, intuitive and not difficult, it does not
require any special skills or knowledge and it has enough accuracy for
engineering calculations.
References
1. Petrovskaya, N.I. (2007). Fundamentals of the theory of flotation, Izd. Ajur,
Yekaterinburg.
2. Bobin, I.S., Petrovskaya, N.I. (2008). Usage of inertial model of 1 st order
with delay for analysis of kinetics of flotation, Tsvetnie Metaly, 10, Moscow,
pp. 30-33.
3. Bobin, I., Petrovskaya, N. (2015). Kinetics of ore flotation, Web Resource
CONCENTRATION OF MINERALS
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