Moment Curvature Analysis of Concrete Beam

Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
M-Phi Singly Reinforced Rectangular Concrete Section
Given: Signly Reinforced Rectangular Concrete Section
Task I
Section Geometry and Reinforced Concrete Properties:

Section Height
h := 34in
Section Width
b := 18in
Depth of centroid of reinforcement or Effective Depth
d := 31in
Measured Cylinder Compressive Strength
fcc := 5800psi
Yield Strength of Steel
fy := 67ksi
2
As := 6As9 = 6 in
Area of Steel in the section
cu := 0.0038
Limiting concrete compressive strain
Ec := 57000
o :=
1.8 fcc
Ec
(fcc psi) = 4.341 10 ksi

= 2.405 10
-3
CES: 6706: Advanced Reinforced Concrete
Modulus of Elasticity
Concrete Strain Associated with Peak Stress
1/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016

c
fc( c) := fcc 2

o
c
-
o
Rishabh Lala
Hognested Stress Function
if c o
0 if c > cu
(
(
)
)
c - o
fcc 1 - 0.15
cu - o
otherwise
Stress Strain Model

3
Stress (ksi)
610
( )
fc c
Stress Block of Hognested Model
410
psi
210
0
-3
2 10
-3
410
( c)
in/in
Youngs modulus of Mild Steel
Es := 29000ksi
fcr := 7.5 fcc psi
fcr = 571.183 psi
( )
( Es s)
fs s :=
fy
if s <
Es
fy
fy if s
Es
80
60
( ) 40
fs s
ksi
20
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
2/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
Solution
To Find: Key Points on Moment Curvature Diagram
1. Determine the curvature before cracking. This can be done using the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of
concrete, using Igross (i.e. ignoring steel) for calculating section modulus.
Sg :=
b h
Section Modulus
6
Cracking Moment
M cr := fcr Sg
cr :=
ccr :=
fcr
Extreme tension fiber strain at cracking
Ec
h
Neutral Axis
gross :=
cr
Curvature
ccr
-6 1
gross = 7.74 10
M cr = 165.072 kip ft
in
3/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
2. Determinination of moment and curvature immediately after cracking. The moment remains the same. The
curvature, however goes from that associated with gross section to cracked section.
cmax := 0.00017844
Maximum strain. Adjusting this member until output
moment is equal to the cracking moment
y
C cc ( c , cmax) := fc cmax dy b
c
d - c
T( c , cmax) := As fs cmax
Tension Force in Reinforcement as a function of maximum

Strain and depth of neutral Axis
y
f
y dy
c
cmax
yc c , cmax :=
Location of Centroid of compressive stress block
y
f
dy
c
cmax
Zero c , cmax := C cc c , cmax - T c , cmax
c := root Zero c , cmax , c , 0.001 h , h
Sum of resultant forces should be equal to zero

Root function to determine the depth of neutral axis based
on shaded (assumed) strain
c = 9.418 in
C cc c , cmax = 71.149 kip

Checking of Equilibruim. OK
)(
T c , cmax = 71.149 kip
)) = 165.07 kip ft
T c , cmax d - c + yc c , cmax
M cr = 165.072 kip ft
Cracking Moment = Output Moment

4/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
Plotting Information
stressplot y , c , cmax :=
fc cmax
y + c - h
if y h - c
yplot := 0 ,
h
100
.. h
0 otherwise
fcstresslimit := 7000
fs cmax
fcstrainlimit := 0.008
d - c
Stress in Concrete after Cracking
= 11.858 ksi
Stress v/s Strain

80
30
60
Stress
Section Height (in)
Concrete Stress Block After Cracking
20
40
20
10
0.02
0
0
2 10
4 10
0.04
0.06
0.08
Strain
610
Concrete Stress (psi)
cr :=
cmax
c
= 1.895 10
-5 1
in
5/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
3) Moment Curvature for Yield Strain:
Maximum strain. Adjust this value till steel strain is

exactly equal to yield.
cmax := 0.001095
c := root Zero c , cmax , c , 0.001 h , h = 9.969 in

T c , cmax = 401.948 kip
)(
)) = 922.081 kip ft
M y := T c , cmax d - c + yc c , cmax
Using root function to determine depth of neutral axis

based on the assumed maximum strain (shaded in gray
above).
This moment is much larger than the cracking moment.
M cr = 165.072 kip ft
fc cmax
y + c - h
if y h - c
yplot := 0 ,
h
100
.. h
0 otherwise
fs cmax
d - c
cmax
( d - c)
c
= 66.991 ksi
= 0.0023100
Adjust maximum strain until steel strain is equal to the

yield strain i.e. 0.00231 for GR67.
6/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
Concrete Stress Block at Yield
Steel Stress Strain Diagram
30
60
Stress
Section Height (in)
80
20
40
20
10
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0
0
2 10
4 10
610
Strain
y :=
cmax
c
= 1.098 10
-4 1
in
7/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
4 Select Arbitrary curvature to continue plot:
Maximum Concrete compressive Strain
cmax := 0.002
Use root function to determine depth of neutral axis based

on the assumed maximum strain
C cc c , cmax = 402 kip
)(
) ) = 960.107 kip ft
This moment is not much larger than the yield moment.
M 1 := T c , cmax d - c + yc c , cmax
Concrete Stress Block At 0.002

60
Stress
Section Height (in)
80
30
20
40
20
10
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0
0
2 10
4 10
Strain
6 10
1 :=
cmax
c
-4 1
= 3.122 10
in
8/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
5 Select arbitrary curvature to continue plot
cmax := 0.003
)(
) ) = 968.61 kip ft

80
30
60
Stress
Section Height
Stress Strain Diagram for 0.003
20
10
0
40
20
2000
4000
6000
0.02
0.06
0.08
Strain
Concrete Stress
2 :=
0.04
cmax
c
-4 1
= 5.66 10
in
9/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
6) Select Arbitrary Curvature to Continue Plot:
cmax := 0.004
)(
) ) = 958.615 kip ft

80
30
60
Stress
Section Height
Stress Block for 0.004
20
10
0
40
20
2000
4000
6000
0.02
0.06
0.08
Strain
Stress
3 :=
0.04
cmax
c
-4 1
= 7.515 10
in
10/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
7 Arbitrary curvature to continue moment curvature plot:

cmax := 0.005
)(
) ) = 914.034 kip ft
4 :=
cmax
c
-4 1
= 7.515 10
in

80
30
60
Stress
Section Height
Stress Block for 0.005
20
10
0
40
20
2000
4000
Stress
6000
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Strain
11/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
0
M
cr
Mcr
My
M h :=
M
1
M2
M3
M4
Rishabh Lala
gross
cr
y
h :=
1
2
Moment Curvature Graph: Hognested Stress - Strain Model

3
110
Curvature
800
Mh
kip ft
600
400
200
0
0
2 10
-4
-4
410
6 10
-4
-4
8 10
h in
Moment
12/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
Todishini Model
Section Geometry and Reinforced Concrete Properties:
h := 34in
Section Height
b := 18in
Section Width
d := 31in
Depth of centroid of reinforcement or Effective Depth
fcc := 5800psi
Measured Cylinder Compressive Strength

Yield Strength of Steel
fy := 67ksi
2
As := 6As9 = 6 in
Area of Steel in the section
cu := 0.0038
Limiting concrete compressive strain

3
(fcc psi) = 4.341 10 ksi
Ec := 57000
o :=
1.71 fcc
Ec 0.9
Modulus of Elasticity
-3
Concrete Strain Associated with Peak Stress
= 2.539 10
c
2
cc
o if
fc( c) :=
c
cu
2
c
1+

0 otherwise
Todishini Stress Function
Stress Block for Todeschini Model

3
8 10
6 10
( )
fc c
Stress Block of Todishini Model

3
4 10
psi
3
2 10
0
0
-3
1 10
2 10
-3
-3
3 10
-3
4 10
( c)
13/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
Youngs modulus of Mild Steel
Es := 29000ksi
fcr := 7.5 fcc psi
fcr = 571.183 psi
( )
fs s :=
( Es s)
fy
if s <
Es
fy
fy if s
Es
80
60
( ) 40
fs s
ksi
20
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
14/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
Solution (Todishini)
To Find: Key Points on Moment Curvature Diagram
1. Determine the curvature before cracking. This can be done using the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of
concrete, using Igross (i.e. ignoring steel) for calculating section modulus.
Sg :=
b h
Section Modulus
6
Cracking Moment
M cr_t := fcr Sg
cr_t :=
ccr :=
fcr
Extreme tension fiber strain- at cracking
Ec
Neutral Axis
gross_t :=
cr
Curvature
ccr
gross_t = 7.74 10
-6 1
M cr_t = 165.072 kip ft
in
15/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
2. Determinination of moment and curvature immediately after cracking. The moment remains the same. The
curvature, however goes from that associated with gross section to cracked section.
cmax := 0.000181950
Maximum strain. Adjusting this member until output
moment is equal to the cracking moment
C cc ( c , cmax) :=
fc cmax dy b
c
d
c
T( c , cmax) := As fs cmax
Tension Force in Reinforcement as a function of maximum

Strain and depth of neutral Axis
y
f
y dy
c
cmax
yc c , cmax :=
Location of Centroid of compressive stress block
y
f
dy
c
cmax
Zero c , cmax := C cc c , cmax - T c , cmax
c := root Zero c , cmax , c , 0.001 h , h
Sum of resultant forces should be equal to zero

Root function to determine the depth of neutral axis based
on shaded (assumed) strain
c = 9.541 in

Checking of Equilibruim. OK
)(
T c , cmax = 71.208 kip
)) = 165.064 kip ft
T c , cmax d - c + yc c , cmax
M cr_t = 165.072 kip ft
Cracking Moment = Output Moment
16/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
Plotting Information
fc cmax
y + c - h
if y h - c
yplot := 0 ,
h
100
.. h
0 otherwise
fcstresslimit := 7000
fs cmax
fcstrainlimit := 0.008
d - c
Stress in Concrete after Cracking
= 11.868 ksi

80
30
60
Stress
Section Height (in)
Concrete Stress Block After Cracking
20
40
20
10
0
0
0
2 10
4 10
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
610
Strain

cr_t :=
cmax
c
-5 1
= 1.907 10
in
17/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
3) Moment Curvature for Yield Strain:
Maximum strain. Adjust this value till steel strain is

exactly equal to yield.
cmax := 0.00107784

T c , cmax = 401.943 kip
)(
)) = 924.559 kip ft
M y_t := T c , cmax d - c + yc c , cmax
Using root function to determine depth of neutral axis

based on the assumed maximum strain (shaded in gray
above).
This moment is much larger than the cracking moment.
M cr = 165.072 kip ft
fc cmax
y + c - h
if y h - c
yplot := 0 ,
h
100
.. h
0 otherwise
d - c
fs cmax
= 66.991 ksi
c
cmax
( d - c)
c
= 0.0023100
Adjust maximum strain until steel strain is equal to the

yield strain i.e. 0.00231 for GR67.
18/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Concrete Stress Block at Yield
80
30
60
Stress
Section Height (in)
Rishabh Lala
20
40
20
10
0
0.02
0
0
2 10
4 10
610
0.04
0.06
0.08
Strain
y_t :=
cmax
c
-4 1
= 1.093 10
in
19/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
4 Select Arbitrary curvature to continue plot:
Maximum Concrete compressive Strain
cmax := 0.002
Use root function to determine depth of neutral axis based

on the assumed maximum strain
)(
)) = 961.431 kip ft
M 1_t := T c , cmax d - c + yc c , cmax
This moment is not much larger than the yield moment.

80
30
60
20
Stress
Section Height (in)
Concrete Stress Block At 0.002
10
40
20
0
0
0
2 10
4 10
0.02
0.06
0.08
Strain
1_t :=
0.04
6 10
cmax
c
-4 1
= 3.183 10
in
20/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
5 Select arbitrary curvature to continue plot
cmax := 0.003
)(
)) = 969.876 kip ft

80
30
60
Stress
Section Height
Stress Block Diagram at 0.002
20
10
0
40
20
2000
4000
6000
0.02
0.06
0.08
Strain
Concrete Stress
2_t :=
0.04
cmax
c
-4 1
= 5.762 10
in
21/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
6) Arbitrary curvature to continue moment curvature plot:
cmax := 0.004
)(
)) = 961.753 kip ft

80
30
60
Stress
Section Height
Stress Model for 0.004
20
10
0
40
20
2000
4000
6000
0.02
0.06
0.08
Strain
Stress
3_t :=
0.04
cmax
c
-4 1
= 7.752 10
in
22/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
7 Arbitrary curvature to continue moment curvature plot:

cmax := 0.005
)(
)) = 918.538 kip ft

80
30
60
Stress
Section Height
Stress Diagram for 0.005
20
10
0
40
20
2000
4000
6000
0.02
0.06
0.08
Strain
Stress
4_t :=
0.04
cmax
c
-4 1
= 7.752 10
in
23/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
0
M
cr_t
Mcr_t
My_t
M T :=
M
1_t
M2_t
M3_t
M
4_t
Rishabh Lala
gross_t
cr_t
y_t
T :=
1_t
2_t
3_t

4_t
Moment Curvature Graph: Hognested Stress - Strain Model

3
110
Curvature
800
MT
kip ft
600
400
200
0
0
2 10
-4
-4
410
6 10
-4
-4
8 10
T in
Moment
24/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
Task II
ACI Moment Strength and Corresponding Curvature
f'c := fcc
a :=
As fy
0.85 f'c b
1 :=
0.85 if f'c < 4000psi
= 0.76
0.65 if f'c > 8000psi

f'c - 4000psi
0.85 - 0.05
otherwise
1000psi
y :=
fy
-3
y = 2.31 10
Es
cu := 0.003
c :=
a
1
c = 5.961 in
t :=
d-c
c
cu
t = 0.013
Tension := fy As
arm := d -
a
2
M n := Tension arm = 962.621 kip ft

is moment Reduction Factor
:=
return 0.9 if t > 0.005

return 0.65 if t y
(t - y) otherwise
return
0.65
+
0.25
(0.005 - y)
25/34
Homework #7
Due Date 10/07/2016
Rishabh Lala
= 0.9
M n := M n
ACI :=
M n = 866.359 kip ft
cu
c
= 5.033 10
-4 1
in
Moment Curvature Graph: Hognested, Todeschini and ACI Model

110
800
Mh
Curvature
kip ft
600
MT
kip ft
Mn
400
kip ft
200
0
-4
2 10
4 10
-4
610
-4
-4
810
h in , T in , ACI in
Moment
Hognested Model
Todeschini Model
ACI Model
Discussion:
The key observations from the moment curvature of the three models are:
1. Moment-Curvature for both Hognested and Todeschini's models are almost the same.
2. The curvature seizes to increase after 0.004 strain is reached for both the models.
3. Before and after cracking, almost similar curvature change is observed.
4. Yield point given by both the models are almost the same with percentage change of 0.45 x 10-4%., and
Hognested's being on the higher side.
5. Comparitively, more ductility is observed in the moment curvature by Todesc hini's Model by 3.1 x 10-4% (comparing
0.004 curvature of both models).
6. ACI assumes conservative moment allowed for design as compared to aformentioned Moment Curvature Models.
26/34

Moment Curvature Analysis of Concrete Beam

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Moment Curvature Analysis of Concrete Beam

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Homework #7

Due Date 10/07/2016

M-Phi Singly Reinforced Rectangular Concrete Section

Given: Signly Reinforced Rectangular Concrete Section

Section Geometry and Reinforced Concrete Properties:

Depth of centroid of reinforcement or Effective Depth

Measured Cylinder Compressive Strength

Yield Strength of Steel

Area of Steel in the section

Limiting concrete compressive strain

(fcc psi) = 4.341 10 ksi

CES: 6706: Advanced Reinforced Concrete

Concrete Strain Associated with Peak Stress

Due Date 10/07/2016

Hognested Stress Function

Stress Strain Model

Stress Block of Hognested Model

CES: 6706: Advanced Reinforced Concrete

Due Date 10/07/2016

Extreme tension fiber strain at cracking

CES: 6706: Advanced Reinforced Concrete

Due Date 10/07/2016

Tension Force in Reinforcement as a function of maximum

Location of Centroid of compressive stress block

Zero c , cmax := C cc c , cmax - T c , cmax

c := root Zero c , cmax , c , 0.001 h , h

Sum of resultant forces should be equal to zero

C cc c , cmax = 71.149 kip

T c , cmax = 71.149 kip

CES: 6706: Advanced Reinforced Concrete

Cracking Moment = Output Moment

Due Date 10/07/2016

Stress in Concrete after Cracking

Stress v/s Strain

Section Height (in)

Concrete Stress Block After Cracking

Concrete Stress (psi)

CES: 6706: Advanced Reinforced Concrete

Due Date 10/07/2016

3) Moment Curvature for Yield Strain:

Maximum strain. Adjust this value till steel strain is

c := root Zero c , cmax , c , 0.001 h , h = 9.969 in

C cc c , cmax = 401.948 kip

Using root function to determine depth of neutral axis

This moment is much larger than the cracking moment.

CES: 6706: Advanced Reinforced Concrete

Adjust maximum strain until steel strain is equal to the

Due Date 10/07/2016

Concrete Stress Block at Yield

Steel Stress Strain Diagram

Section Height (in)

Concrete Stress (psi)

CES: 6706: Advanced Reinforced Concrete

Due Date 10/07/2016

4 Select Arbitrary curvature to continue plot:

Maximum Concrete compressive Strain

c := root Zero c , cmax , c , 0.001 h , h = 6.406 in

Use root function to determine depth of neutral axis based

C cc c , cmax = 402 kip

This moment is not much larger than the yield moment.

Concrete Stress Block At 0.002

Steel Stress Strain Diagram

Section Height (in)

Concrete Stress (psi)