I.

II.

III.

Definition of Terms
a. Insemination To put semen into (a woman) in order to cause
pregnancy.
b. Pneumocystic Carinii Pneumonia Is a serious infection that causes
inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs.
c. Toxoplasmosis Disease that results from infection with the
toxoplasma gondii prasites.
d. Western Blot A blood test that identifies antibodies to HIV and is used
to confirm the results of EIA or ELISA test.
e. AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Last and most severe
stage of HIV.
f. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Interferes with the bodys ability
to fight the organism that causes the disease.
g. HIV-1 h. HIV-2 i. Category C Manifests opportunistic infection.
j. Category 2 CD4 cell count of 200499 cell/mm3
k. Zidovudine Drug example of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitor
l. Delavirdine Drug example of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitor
m. Saquinavir Drug example of Protease Inhibitor
n. Lymphadenopathy Swelling of the lymph nodes
o. Opportunistic Infection Illness caused by various organisms, some of
which usually do not cause disease in people with normal immune
systems.
Problems Identified
a. What are the risk factors of AIDS and how do they occur?
b. What are the manifestations?
c. What are the diagnostic test to diagnose AIDS?
d. How is AIDS transmitted?
e. How can we prevent HIV?
f. What are the nursing Managements?
g. How long is the incubation period of AIDS?
h. What is the difference of HIV and AIDS?
i. Will you die if you have AIDS?
j. Will all patients with HIV develop into AIDS?
k. What are the treatments of HIV and AIDS?
l. Was there ever a cure for AIDS?
Introduction

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that interferes with the
bodys ability to fight the organism that causes the disease. This virus is
considered as opportunistic viruses and if not treated it leads to AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the last and most severe

stage of HIV. AIDS alters the immune system making people much
vulnerable to infections and diseases.
Classifications of HIV according to CD4 count
Category 1 CD4 count is greater than or equal to 500 cells/mm 3
Category 2 CD4 count is 200 to 499 cells/mm3
Category 3 CD4 count is lesser than 200 cells/mm 3
Clinical Classifications
Class A Persons who are asymptomatic
Class B Symptomatic but not serious to be considered as AIDS.
Class C Presence of opportunistic infections
Mode of Transmission
The virus can found in the body secretions of infected people and is
especially high in concentration such as semen, vaginal discharges, blood and
breast milk.
Sexual Contact

Homosexuals
Multiple sexual partners

Blood Contact

Blood Transfusions
Needle Picks

Mother to Child Transmission

Delivery
Lactation

Stages of HIV
I.

Primary infection
Manifestations occurs lasting 1-2 weeks
Antibodies to the glycoproteins of the HIV can be detected after 2-3
weeks of exposure to HIV.
During this early period of infection, large amounts of virus are
being produced in the body and CD4 cells fall rapidly. Eventually

II.

III.

your immune response will begin to bring the level of virus in your
body back down to a level called a viral set point
Manifestations: fever, fatigue, sore throat, headache,
lymphadenopathy
Clinical Latency
It is a period virus is living or developing without producing any
symptoms.
The HIV virus continues to reproduce at very low levels, although it
is still active.
When the patient is taking ART, the patient may live with clinical
latency for several decades because treatment helps in preventing
the growth of HIV virus.
For patients who are not on ART, it lasts for an average of 10 years,
but some people may progress through this stage faster.
AIDS
Presence of opportunistic infection.
Immune system is badly damaged.
Number of your CD4 cells falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter
of blood
Patients who are not having treatments typically survive for about 3
years.
When the patient is taking ART and maintains a low viral load the
patient may enjoy a near normal life span.
Manifestations: Rapid weight loss, recurring fever or profuse
night sweats, extreme and unexplained tiredness, prolonged
swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck,
diarrhea that lasts for more than a week, sores of the mouth,
anus, or genitals, Pneumonia, Red, brown, pink, or purplish
blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or
eyelids, memory loss, depression, and other neurologic
disorders.

Risk Factors
Diagnostic Procedures
Preventions
Medical Managements
Pharmacologic Treatments
1. Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
a. NRTI block reverse transcriptase (an HIV enzyme) HIV uses
reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into DNA (reverse
transcription) Blocking reverse transcriptase and reverse

transcription prevents HIV from replicating. NRTI complete

with the normal (deoxy nucleotides) for a position in the
growing chain of viral RNA. When NRTIs are incorporated into
the viral DNA, with missing hydroxyl group inhibits DNA
synthesis from properly occurring, which is called chain
termination.

Zidovudine
b. NNRTI - inhibiting the movement of proteins that are
essential to reverse transcriptases function in carrying out
DNA synthesis.

Delavirdine
2. Protease Inhibitor - block protease. By blocking protease, protein
inhibitor prevent new HIV from becoming a mature virus that can
infect the CD4 cells.

Saqui
3. Fusion Inhibitor block the HIV envelope from merging with the
host CD4 call membrane. This prevents the HIV from entering the
CD4 cells.