Sedimentary Rocks

(clastic, nonnon-carbonate)

(Nov 2010)

Batuan sedimen klastik

Klasifikasi berdasarkan:
- Tekstur (ukuran butir)
- Komposisi (mineralogi dan fragmen)

Tekstur batuan sedimen klastik

Ukuran butir/fragmen

Ukuran butir/fragmen
Bentuk butir
Pemilahan (sorting)
sorting)
Kemas (fabric)
fabric)

Ukuran butir/fragmen

Skala ukuran butir Wentworth

Millimeters
256
64
4
2
1.0
0.5
0.25
0.125
0.0625
0.031
0.0156
0.0078
0.0039

Class

Klasifikasi berdasarkan ukuran butir

Clastic texture terms

boulder

gravelgravel- coarse grained

cobble

gravelgravel- coarse grained

pebble

gravelgravel- coarse grained

granule

gravelgravel- coarse grained

very coarse sand

sandsand- mediummedium-grained

coarse sand

sandsand- mediummedium-grained

medium sand

sandsand- mediummedium-grained

fine sand

sandsand- mediummedium-grained

very fine sand

sandsand- mediummedium-grained

coarse silt

mudmud- finefine-grained

medium silt

mudmud- finefine-grained

fine silt

mudmud- finefine-grained

Very fine silt

mudmud- finefine-grained

clay

mudmud- finefine-grained

Modified from Folk (1974)

Klasifikasi berdasarkan ukuran butir

Bentuk butir/fragmen
Roundness: The degree of abrasion of a clastic particle
as shown by the sharpness of its edges and corners

Powers, M . C., 1953, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 23, p. 118

Breccia

Pemilahan (sorting)
sorting)

Conglomerate

Kemas (fabric)
fabric)
Mutual arrangement of grains in a sediment
* Hubungan antara butiran dan matriks
(grain-matrix relationship)
- Grain-supported kemas tertutup
- Matrix-supported kemas terbuka

Kemas tertutup

Kemas terbuka

Kemas (fabric)
fabric)

Kemas (fabric)
fabric)

Mutual arrangement of grains in a sediment

Mutual arrangement of grains in a sediment

* Hubungan antara butiran dan matriks

(grain-matrix relationship)
- Grain-supported kemas tertutup
- Matrix-supported kemas terbuka

* Hubungan antara butiran dan matriks

(grain-matrix relationship)
- Grain-supported kemas tertutup
- Matrix-supported kemas terbuka

* Orientasi butir (terutama di konglomerate / breksi)

* Orientasi butir (terutama di konglomerate / breksi)

* Imbrikasi butir atau fosil

Mineralogi batuan sedimen

Butiran & matrik:
Mineral, fosil, fragmen batuan sebelumnya (beku, sedimen, malihan);
sesuai dengan lingkungan asal, ketahanan pada saat pelapukan &
transportasi.

Mineralogi/fragmen penyusun
4 penyusun utama batuan sedimen siliklastik:
1. Quartz
2. Feldspar
3. Lithic fragments (including rock fragments and
mineral grains other than quartz and feldspar)
4. Matrix

Semen:
Karbonat, silika, oksida besi, dll; sesuai dengan lingkungan pengendapan.

Mineralogi/fragmen penyusun

Mineralogi/fragmen penyusun

4 penyusun utama batuan sedimen siliklastik:

4 penyusun utama batuan sedimen siliklastik:

1. Quartz

2. Feldspar

Mineralogi/fragmen penyusun

Mineralogi/fragmen penyusun

4 penyusun utama batuan sedimen siliklastik:

4 penyusun utama batuan sedimen siliklastik:

3. Lithic fragments (including rock fragments and

mineral grains other than quartz and feldspar)

4. Matrix

Klasifikasi berdasarkan komposisi (QFL)

Q (quartz)
90

Sublithic

Subarkosic

75

Arkosic
(Feldspathic)

F
(feldspar)

50

Lithic

L
(rock lithics
& fragments)

Point counting
~ 250 to 300 grains will accurately yield the proportion of
each component.

(Adapted from Pettijohn et al., 1987)

Kadar kelimpahan mineral/butir

Example
Point Count Data:
Component

Data must be normalized to 100% quartz, feldspars and

rock fragments.
A. Total Rock
Component
Quartz

Quartz

73

26

Feldspar

56

20

Rock fragments

34

12

Matrix

118

42

Total:

281

100

A first order classification is

based on the proportion of
matrix that is present:
% matrix

Rock Name

< 15

Arenite

15 - 75

Wacke or
Graywacke
Mudstone

>75

The next step is to plot the

normalized data on a ternary
diagram to determine the specific
field in which the data fall.

A. Quartz, feldspars and rock fragments.

Proportion
(%)
26

Component
Quartz

20

Feldspar

34

Rock fragments

12

Rock fragments

21

Matrix

42 a graywacke

Total:

Proportion1
(%)
45

Feldspar

Total:

Number of
Proportion
Grains counted
(%)

90

Sublithic

Subarkosic

75

100

100

Arkosic
(Feldspathic)

Total Q, F, and Rf: 58

F

Klasifikasi berdasarkan komposisi (QFL)

Klasifikasi berdasarkan komposisi (QFL)

50

Lithic

Klasifikasi berdasarkan komposisi (QFL)

Diagenesis
1.
2.
3.
4.

Kompaksi
Pressure solution
Sementasi
Dissolution

1. Kompaksi
2. Pressure solution

3. Sementasi

3. Sementasi

4. Dissolution

4. Dissolution