TERM

1. Crusades
2. Colombian
Exchange

3. Conquistadors

4. Queen
Elizabeth I
5. sea dogs &
Francis Drake
6. Spanish
Armada
7. John Smith &
John Rolfe

8. House of
Burgesses
9. Indentured
servants &
yeomen

10. Mayflower
Compact

DEFINITION (wwww)
A series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th,
and 13th centuries by Western European Christians
to reclaim, control of the Holy Lands from the
Muslims
An exchange between the Old World, New World,
and Africa. In this exchange the Old World gave
the New World food, animals, and diseases. Africa
gave the New World slaves. Lastly, the New World
gave the Old World gold, silver, raw materials, and
syphilis. 15th & 16th Century
a Spanish soldier, explorer, and adventurer who
took part in the gradual invasion and conquest of
much of the Americas and Asia Pacific, bringing
them under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th
and 19th centuries.
English Queen during the 16th century.

SIGNIFICANCE /IMPORTANCE
Creates a desire by Europeans to explore
new lands in search of riches for cheaper.
These new crops lead to a huge population
growth in Europe thanks to increased
nutrition as well as decrease in Native
American population due to disease.
Expands the Spanish Empire as well as
their power over the world.

Reestablished Protestantism as the state

religion of England and she led the defeat
of the Spanish Armada, resulting in
England becoming a colonizing force.
Typical Protestant and English pirates that raided
With his incursion into the Pacific he
Spanish ships and settlements in the Atlantic and
inaugurated an era of privateering and
th
Caribbean Sir Francis Drake was one in the 16
piracy in the western coast of the
century
Americasan area that had previously
been free of piracy
Spanish fleet (made by Phillip II) that was
marked the beginning of the end of
conquered by smaller, swifter English ships and a
Spanish imperial dreams and ensured
storm in 1588;
English naval dominance in the North
Atlantic
(1580-June 21, 1631) was an English soldier,
He is credited with the first successful
sailor, and author. He is remembered for his role in cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in
establishing the first permanent English settlement the Colony of Virginia and is known as
in North America at Jamestown, Virginia, and his
the husband of Pocahontas, daughter of
brief association with the Native American girl
the chief of the Powhatan Confederacy.
Pocahontas during an altercation with the Powhatan Shows English settlement in New World
Confederacy and her father, Chief Powhatan.
the first elected legislative assembly in the New
Shows English willing to stay and
World established in the Colony of Virginia in
establish civilization in the New World.
1619, representative colony set up by England to
make laws and levy taxes but England could veto
its legislative acts.
People who could not afford passage to the
Extent to which people were willing to go
colonies could become indentured servants.
in order to go the New World. were the
Another person would pay their passage, and in
original backbone of the economy in the
exchange, the indentured servant would serve that
Chesapeake colonies. In the early days of
person for a set length of time (usually seven years) the colonies, there were not enough
and then would be free. Family farmers who used
people who were willing to work for
family for the harvest season, self-sufficient,
wages in the Chesapeake colonies.
participated in local markets alongside slave
Therefore, indentured servants were
owners.
brought over from England. Precursor to
African slavery
This document was drafted in 1620 prior to
This agreement set the precedent for later
settlement by the Pilgrims at Plymouth Bay in
documents outlining commonwealth rule.
Massachusetts. It declared that the 41 males who
signed it agreed to accept majority rule and

11. John
Winthrop &
"the city upon
a hill"

12. Roger
Williams &
Anne
Hutchinson
13. Pequot Wars
& Metacomet

14. New England

Confederation
15. Dominion of
New England

16. Headright
system
17. Bacons
Rebellion

18. Triangular
Trade &
Middle
Passage

participate in a government in the best interest of

all members of the colony.
As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony,
Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming
the colony's government and shaping its legislative
policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in
present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from
which Puritans would spread religious
righteousness throughout the world.
"city on a hill" what John Winthrop said that their
Puritan model societies based on Christian
principles should be (better than everyone else's
societies.)
English clergyman and colonist who was expelled
from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism.
Anne Hutchinson was a dissenter in the
Massachusetts Bay Colony who caused a schism in
the Puritan community.
conflict in 1636 between the Pequot Indians
inhabiting eastern Connecticut and the colonists of
Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut: the Indians
were destroyed and driven from the area.
King Philip's War sometimes called Metacom's
War or Metacom's Rebellion, was an armed
conflict between Native American inhabitants of
present-day southern New England and English
colonists and their Native American allies
New England colonists formed the New England
Confederation in 1643 as a defense against local
Native American tribes and encroaching Dutch.
The colonists formed the alliance without the
English crown's authorization.
1686-The British government combined the
colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New
Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province
headed by a royal governor (Andros). Ended in
1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out
Governor Andros
The Virginia Company's system in which settlers
and the family members who came with them each
received 50 acres of land
Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 was a popular revolt led
by Nathaniel Bacon, a member of the backcountry
gentry and a former indentured servant, who
attacked Jamestown after he and his followers were
exiled following two unauthorized attacks on the
Native Americans.
was a small, profitable trading route started by
people in New England who would barter a product
to get slaves in Africa, and then sell them to the
West Indies in order to get the same cargo of goods
that would help in repeating this process. This form
of trading was used by New Englanders in
conjunction with other countries in the 1750's.

Shows the extent to which religion,

Christianity, played in Massachusetts Bay
Colony life.

Showed stringent rules that Puritans had

and unwilling to accept different points of
view.
Shows initial relations that England had
with the native peoples of America.
uneasy peace between Puritans and
Indians for 40 years. The war sent a
message to the Indians of the dangers of
white men
the first colonial attempt to unify

Shows colonies first attempt to overthrow

tyranny

Boots Virginia economy,

revealed the bitterness between the poor
farmers of West Virginia and the rich
landowners of East Virginia, but most
importantly showed the potential for
instability in a large colony with many
landless men.
Slavery becomes a more attractive means
enter point of the "triangle trade" that
exchanged European goods for slaves,
then sold the slaves to the colonies for raw
materials to take back to Europe to make
more goods to trade.
It brought a cheap labor force - in the

middle segment of the forced journey that slaves

made from Africa to America throughout the
1600's; it consisted of the dangerous trip across the
Atlantic Ocean; many slaves perished on this
segment of the journey
19. chattels and
Slave Codes

Ownership of human beings; a system of bondage

in which a slave has the legal status of property and
so can be bought as sold like property. Laws that
controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans
and denied them basic rights.

20. Old Satan

Deluder Act

was passed in 1647 in Massachusetts by the

Puritans. It established the first public schools in
America to teach children to read the Bible and
thus defeat Satan

21. Increase &

Was a leader in MA who urged leniency toward
Cotton Mather witches and tried to stop the hysteria. He was
(old lights)
Cotton Mather's father.
Increase Mather's son; a true believer in witchcraft,
and helped start the Salem witchcraft; as more and
more trials occurred, he most likely realized he was
incorrect and avoided the supernatural later in his
life A Christianity term used to differentiate
between two groups that used to be the same, but
then came to a disagreement; the group that didn't
change is the "Old Lights"
22. Enlightenment an eighteenth-century movement in Western
philosophy. It was less a set of ideas than it was a
set of attitudes. At its core was a critical
questioning of traditional institutions, customs, and
morals.
23. Great
Awakening
24. George
Whitefield
and Jonathan
Edwards (new
lights)

Puritanism had declined by the 1730s, and people

were upset about the decline in religious piety. The
Great Awakening was a sudden outbreak of
religious fervor that swept through the colonies.
One of the first events to unify the colonies.
He was a great preacher who had recently been an
alehouse attendant. Everyone in the colonies loved
to hear him preach of love and forgiveness because
he had a different style of preaching. This led to
new missionary work in the Americas in converting
Indians and Africans to Christianity, as well as
lessening the importance of the old clergy.
He was an American theologian and
Congregational clergyman, whose sermons stirred
the religious revival, called the Great Awakening.
He is known for his " Sinners in the Hands of an
Angry God " sermon.

form of slaves - to the new world which

made raw materials cheaper in Europe and
bolstered trade around the world.
It was also responsible for the deaths of
millions of Africans and the enslavement
of millions more.
They were also afraid of an uprising.
There were so many of them in the south
the white Masters were afraid of being
killed. The more ignorant hey could keep
them the less likely it was they would
know how badly they were being treated.
Kept slave population for rebellion
First public education legislation in
America. It declared that towns with 50 or
more families had to hire a schoolmaster
and that towns with over 100 families had
to found a grammar school.
Importance of Education in colony
Showed extent that spirituality had in
Massachusetts Bay which led to mass
hysteria

marked a significant break with the past

and a new way of looking at the world.
The Enlightenment is largely responsible
for the governments and political
philosophies of most of the countries in
the world today.
The major effect of the Awakening was a
rebellion against authoritarian religious
rule which spilled over into other areas of
colonial life. Roots of the Revolution
Written by Benjamin Franklin, it was
filled with witty, insightful, and funny bits
of observation and common sense advice
(the saying, "Early to bed, early to rise,
makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise,"
first appeared in this almanac). It was the
most popular almanac in the colonies.

25. Poor Richard's Written by Benjamin Franklin, it was filled with

Almanac
witty, insightful, and funny bits of observation and
common sense advice (the saying, "Early to bed,
early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and
wise," first appeared in this almanac). It was the
most popular almanac in the colonies.
26. John Peter
Zenger

Journalist who questioned

the policies of the
governor of New York in
the 1700's. He was jailed;
he sued, and this court
case was the basis for our
freedom of speech and
press. He was found not
guilty.

It helped farmers in knowing when to

plant. Had phases of the moon, and bits
and pieces of all types of useful
information which people in the 18th
Century didn't have other access to.
Franklin also started the first public
library, only the rich had access to books
before that.
Serves as basis for free speech in the
colonies.