PID Number: Key Tar A 1. (10 points) For each of the following networks, find the number of different spanning trees, Explain your reasoning. @ @ A i: 8, o> € find | 4s 2 opron eA fe tener Tale avey ont of Thers pe foil df Sperolg trees | 7 seater P Remony QR oh RP gins exten ep tons Beneor ng ap per ony Hoare sie fhe other vee Gwendy — ownted. “Phas tere art2. (10 points) Use Kruskal’s algorithm to find the minimal spanning tree for the network represented by the following Mileage Chart. Draw the tree and give the total cost Vertices| TTL] V]E]M|[A TH * | 107 | 67 | 79 | 78 | 80 | 38] 37 ios] * | 96 | 175 | 180 | 139 | 94] 199 o7 | 96 | * | 92 [107 | 50 | 29] 53 79 [is] 92 | = | 25 | 4 | 82] 46 78 [180 [107 /@s"|_¥ [7 [93] 56 80139} 50 | 40 [7] * [52] 45 38 | Qh | GO| 82 | 93 | 52 | * | 36 (D129 [53 |e | 56 | 5 [Bol * ref a] >] ell <]|3, (15 points) Assume that G is a connected graph with 8 vertices, with no loops or multiple edges. For each statement (a), (b) or (c), choose the option 1, II, or III that best applies. I: G is definitely a tree (Explain why) IL G is definitely not a tree (Explain why) UL G may or may not be a tree (give two examples of graphs, one where it is a tree, and one where it is not) (a) Every vertex of G has even degree (Tl) ro fee | Tf ety verte Hy extn [no verte, Cay be Zew since we ore conncetid ) Hen eunry wirkr hay eye 2D =? toral degree BIG. To Se a tree 1 would need te howe Hy 2 edges a7 Hotel Meee = 1G, (b) There are two vertices of add degree, and all other vertices have even degroe a fee (i) Ew FF gee OE is 2D 2-0-0 ‘s ret a hee (0) Every vertex of G has degree of either 1 or 3. me & # Us 6 Wee a NY TY | | Ertz DN.Y. ve ee YP“, i4, (15 points) Consider the equation Fy — 2F 4 = 3Fy-s where Fy represents the Nth Fibonacci number. 444 (a) Verify the equation for N = 7. a Fo -2 8h 13 ~2 (2)*3G) ye 44 qn4q ad (b) Prove the general equation for all N > 5 Ey ~2 Fay = (Fy ica)? Foy5. (6 points) Without using a calculator, find the exact value of 1+ 1+ (1+ 75). \ i pt lo = bt! | | Show your work! (Hint: g?=¢41) 9 —<——— ¢ % Rael me P= 14g l fe \ c/o \6. (10 points) (a) Given that Fie = 2,178, 309 and Fy = 5,702, 887, find the value of Fs (Note: You (U4) must use both Pre and Fis in order to get full credit). Fos = Fa Fe = § Joa, 897 - 2,178, 329 + * 3,594) #8 foe = By #8 = Spon 07 43,509 378 | 35 9,294 46S [ ow (b) Suppose I gave your the values for Fs, and Fr, and asked you to give me the value for Fsg. You would not be able to use the same method as in (a) to find an exact value. (2) (i) Explain why the same method does not work \ Sime Fy cud Fog ewe LZ Spee eer) we cone 4 etsy the Ethene’ velan dle Aum (ii) Explain how you could use Fy to get an approximate value for Fs. fon Fee a6, 6-6 (2) 5 @ woe you could pot \ jato yor caleba ter (2) Gil) What would be the quickest way of getting the exact value for Fg? Ave" (EY) — Ose Bleed Tormule7. (15 points) Given that the shaded figure is a gnomon to the unshaded figure, find the value of a. Figuee not chrown te Seale. | is | G+ 2x. “y 7 grax 7? C1 = Yor tox 24 = 10% 5 yw oe — Leer 44 See id 2 far seth yp whey bat calealetty comedy8. (10 points) Consider the sequence 1,3, 2,5, 2, 10, —1, 23, ‘The rule for the sequence is as follows: To find the next number in the sequence, you look at the three numbers before it. Take those terms and add the first plus two times the second, then subtract the third. This gives the next number in the sequence. (a) Find the next three numbers in the sequence. fo R260 23 = 157 -1 ¢2(23)-Ci)e byerig 760 234 2(15)- bo = -F “60 = -6% (b) Write a recursive formula for this sequence. ars c Fe Lynx tO le29. (10 points) For her birthday, Maria’s parents gave her a piggy bank with some money in it. Bach month, Maria puts a fixed amount + dollars more into the piggy bank. After 5 months she has 62 dollars in the piggy bank, and after 17 months she has 110 dollars. (i) How much money does she put in each month? > fe Pot Soe 62= 45x (oe Pl = Art? ° NO= hy ~ fy Fx = NOs Arte /6) ————— ( “4% >-12« i (ii) How much was in the bank to start out with? 6224S) => P= Co-20542 42h (iii) Write an explicit formula which gives the amount of money in the piggy bank at month N.~ ee ) f= 9244") epee eee reer eee @) 10. (2 points) Extra Credit Can a triangle have a gnomon that is a quadrilateral(a.k.a. a four-sided figure)? If yes, what kind of quadrilateral must it be? If no, why not? Yes- Ear oi Te goomer mest be pocetter fo prescwe He onges, Se te Ged eiledeal must be © tryeze'd , or og| fer @ PID Number: 1. (6 points) Without using a calculator, find the exact value of 1 14 \ 2 4 fi+0+ 7s) (9 del) Gy Show your work! (Hint: 6? = +1) ge t ty i “I es eee V) Tiras) pe Vie “Witte2, (10 points) (a) Given that Fi = 2,178,309 and Fs = 5,702, 887, find the value of Fs (Note: You must use both Fiz and Fs in order to get full credit), By > Fy Fe > fy S Por es7- 2178304 = SI ZYS HH (4) Fag-= By t Bi, = S402, eyes 3.524578 - A227 965~ (b) Suppose I gave your the values for Fx and Fyr, and asked you to give me the value for Fyg. You would not be able to use the same method as in (a) to find an exact value. (i) Explain why the same method does not work. Bea i a ee Se ea oy Subhmo fe get he us dhdle nenber. A (ii) Explain how you could use Fz to get an approximate value for Fs. catd ~albigly er, of fo Yael3. (15 points) Consider the equation Py ~3Py-a = 2F hot i where Fy represents the Nth Fibonacci number. (a) Verify the equation for N = 6 F-35226 (5) 8-2 22-j ¥-652 ‘i eetecege et (b) Prove the general equation for all N > 5 ) F,- 36,7 2b, 34, (10 points) Consider the sequence 2,4,3,7,3,14, -1, 32,... ‘The rule for the sequence is as follows: To find the next number in the sequence, you look at the three numbers before it, Take those terms and add the first plus two times the second, then subtract the third. This gives the next number in the sequence, (a) Find the next three numbers in the sequence. @ j¥t2-Gi) -32=-20 ~| + 2 G2)- C20)= $3 ! 82 + 2C2)- 83 seeds5. (15 points) Given that the shaded figure is a gnomon to the unshaded figure, find the value of 2. @ [ G4texe 196 ie Fux /3Z | 46 Zk cet ty erty bee toleed eaertt t eoet they lated pletect. z 4 ie yp” hetx YorSa = Fo $x_= 38 (eg | ee esteaeeeeeeeeoN G. (10 points) For her birthday, Maria’s parents gave her a piggy bank with some money in it. Each month, Maria puts a fixed amount « dollars more into the piggy bank. After 4 months she has 68 dollars in the piggy bank, and after 20 months she has 164 dollars. (i) How much money does sho put in each month? 6s = & Rake rdw I> 2, = Bp f+ 20x 1G 4 =P F2e% Ske pats tm 6 dollars (ii) How much was in the bank to start out with? " 2 s $46 wo hs 6B ‘the amount of money in the piggy bank at7. (10 points) For each of the following networks, find the number of different spanning trees. Explain your reasoning. a) A 8 ~ Take suey % andl your eer? §— & epbhey Take ey yee! gow Mew Feather & r (5) fae Se ene of Hee pessilitivies [cepts é e bite 4 cm 9) pp obey faken Cpl of epemig dees eseaeee / Benne ont Faw) cast go inne four options fiom / to chee Low, Thus Pe fifel Ay8. (15 points) Assume that G is a connected graph with 8 vertices, with no loops or rnultiple edges. For each statement (a), (b) or (c), choose the option I, II, or TIT that best applies. I: G is definitely a tree (Explain why) IL: @ is definitely not a tree (Explain why) Ill: G may or may not be a tree (give two examples of graphs, one where it is a tree, and one where it is not) (a) Byory vertex of G has degree of ether Jor 3 (Dl) bee tree Frery vertex west bane ego’ ort, ee wire 3. we meee F b J Ra, on hive . vy ge Woh oe free, (b) Bvery vertex of G has even degree. 1 (£) defi, noe & Free, since the etal Megre will be woo then 1Y = 2+ CR~) (c) There are two vertices of odd degree, and all other vertices have even degree. (BE) Catt bee hee Lene, : ow Conte sear be9. (10 points) Use Kruskal’s algotithm to find the minimal spanning tree for the network represented by the following Mileage Chart. Draw the tree and give the total cost: $4 Vertics| M[TA[T[H[L|[V[S|U * [ior o7 [79 | 78 | 80 [BT Pao rod | * | -96_[ 175 | 180 | 139 [94 | 129 67 | 96 | * | 92 | 107 | 30 [29 | 53 79 [im [92 | = [25 [a9 [82 | 46 78 | 180 | 107 [sy] * | 7i [93 | 56 80 [139 | 50 [ay [7 | * [se] 4 GY 94 [OD] 82 | 93 | 32 | * | 36 40 [129 | 53 |746)| 86 [a [GG] * fo] ]< D5 +14 Bet BT HAGE GAIT 10. (2 points) Extra Credit Can a triangle have a gnomon that is a quadrilateral(a.k.a. a four-sided figure)? If yes, what kind of quadrilateral must it be? If no, why not? te of the grerene the ergles thus fhe ? Geeadilatent wtust be a ett be porailel fy se