Interim

Submission 1
Bridge Deck Design
CE481 Bridge Engineering

Group3
TalAzulay
ZacharyChang
QuineeQuintana
CatherineSanso
10/20/2016

Contents

Introduction..................................................................................................................................................3
ConcreteDeckDesign...................................................................................................................................3
DesignAssumptions..................................................................................................................................3
GeometryandMaterialProperties...........................................................................................................4
DeckThickness..........................................................................................................................................4
EquivalentStripMethod............................................................................................................................5
Demand.....................................................................................................................................................5
PrimaryReinforcement.............................................................................................................................6
SecondaryReinforcement.........................................................................................................................7
DesignofParapetsandOverhangs............................................................................................................7
OverhangDesignforHorizontalVehicularCollisionForce........................................................................8
OverhangDesignforDeadandLiveLoads................................................................................................9
OverhangCutOffandDevelopmentLength.............................................................................................9
Serviceability...........................................................................................................................................10
GridDeckDesign.........................................................................................................................................11
Givens.........................................................................................................Error!Bookmarknotdefined.
Properties...................................................................................................Error!Bookmarknotdefined.
Loads..........................................................................................................Error!Bookmarknotdefined.
Moments....................................................................................................Error!Bookmarknotdefined.
Reinforcements..........................................................................................Error!Bookmarknotdefined.

Calculations
ConcreteDeckPrimaryandSecondaryReinforcement..................................................................CS......10
ConcreteDeckParapetandOverhangReinforcement..................................................................QQ......10

ListofFigures

SectionofBridgeDeckandGirders...........................................................................................QQ......Figure1
SectionsofSlabReinforcement..................................................................................................QQ......Figure2
NYSDOTStandardSingleSlopeConcreteBarrier.......................................................................QQ......Figure3
SectionofOverhangReinforcement..........................................................................................QQ......Figure4

Introduction
Thisreportoutlinesthedesignofareinforcedconcretedecktobeusedforanewoverpasslocatedin
MassapequaPark,NewYork11762.Analternativeconcreteonsteelgriddeckdesignisalsooutlined.The
mainanalysesandresultsforthebridgedeckdesignsaregiveninthisreport.Thecalculationsforthese
resultsareprovidedintheattachedAppendices.ThesedesignsfollowstandardsdictatedbytheAmerican
AssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficials1andtheAASHTOLRFDBridgeDesign
Specifications.ThesedesignsalsofollowstandardsstatedintheNewYorkStateDepartmentof
Transportation2BridgeDesignManual3.IncaseswhereAASHTOandNYSBDMdiffer,themore
conservativeapproachisused.Incaseswherethetwocodesconflict,AASHTOtakesprecedence.The
bridgerequirementsasspecifiedbytheOwnerareasfollows:

Two(2)10000spansoverahighwaymadecontinuousforliveload

520curbtocurbwidthrequired

15skew

Bridgetobesupportedbyprestressedconcretegirders

DesignbridgetosupportanHS25truck

ConcreteDeckDesign
DesignAssumptions
Thestrengthdesignofthedeckisgovernedbygravityloads,thereforetheconcretedeckwasdesigned
accordingtoAASHTOStrengthIloadcombination.Thelengthtowidthaspectratioforthisbridgeis
greaterthan1.5,soonewaybendingistheassumedbehavior.Thisbridgeisconsideredanormal

WillbereferredtoasAASHTO.ReferencestoAASHTOsectionswillappearas(S.#.#...).
WillbereferredtoasNYSDOT.
3
WillbereferredtoasNYSBDM.ReferencestotheNYSBDMwillappearas(NYSBDM##).
2

structure,soavalueofn=1isassumed.DistributionofmomentsisapproximatelywS2/12forpositive
momentand

fornegativemoment.

GeometryandMaterialProperties
Basedontherequirementspreviouslystated,theconcretedecksupportswerechosentobeAASHTO
TypeVGirdersspacedat120O.C.Theparapetswerechosentobesingleslopeconcretebridge
barrierswithabasewidthof16asdetailedbyNYSDOT.Theoverhangdimensionis36fromthe
centerlineofthefasciagirdertotheendoftheoverhang.ThebridgecrosssectioncanbeseeninFigure1
attached.
Thefollowingdimensionsandmaterialpropertieswereusedforthedeckdesign:
Topcover

=2(S5.12.3)(includesintegralwearingsurface)

Bottomcover

=1(S5.12.3)

Steelyieldstrength,Fy

=60ksi

Concretecompressivestrength,fc

=4ksi

Densityofconcrete

=150pcf

Weightoffuturewearingsurface

=30psf

DeckThickness
AccordingtoAASHTO,aminimumdeckthicknessof7in.isrequired(S9.7.1.1).AccordingtoNYSBDM,a
minimumdeckthicknessof9in.isrequired,withaminimumdesignthicknessof8in.Therefore,adeck
thicknessof9waschosen,includinga1integralwearingsurface.

EquivalentStripMethod
TheAASHTOLRFDSpecificationsincludestwomethodsofdeckdesign.Thisdeckdesignwillfollowthe
provisionsoftheapproximatemethodofdeckdesign(S4.6.2.1)andisreferredtoastheequivalentstrip
method.Thefollowingchecksweredonetoensuretheapplicationoftheequivalentstripmethodwas
valid:
Morethan3girders

5girdersOK

Distancebetweenexteriorgirders>40ft.

48ft.>40ft.OK

1.75ft.<overhang<0.625*S

1.75ft.<3.5ft.<7.5ft.OK

Overhang<6ft.

3.5ft.<6ft.OK

Demand
Momentsduetodeadloads:
DW=20psf
DC=118.75psf
+MDW=240lbft/ft

+MDC=1368lbft/ft

MDW=288lbft/ft

MDC=1710lbft/ft

Momentsduetoliveloads:
ReferenceAASHTOTableA41forS=12ft.and1/3fw=14in.

+MLL=8010lbft/ft

MLL=6347lbft/ft

ThesemomentsaredesignedforanHS20truck.SincethisdeckdesignmustbedesignedforanHS25
truck,thegivenvaluesaremultipliedby1.25.
+MLL=10013lbft/ft

MLL=7934lbft/ft

MaximumMoments:
FollowingtheloadcombinationfactorsgivenforStrengthI(Table3.4.11)andmaximumPvalues
(Table3.4.12),themaximumpositiveandnegativemomentsthedeckisdesignedforare:

+MU=19663lbft/ft

MU=16027lbft/ft

PrimaryReinforcement
Forprimarybottomreinforcement,#6barsspacedat6in.O.C.wasassumed.Therefore,theeffective
depth=5.625in.witha1.5in.clearcoverfromthefaceoftemperatureandshrinkagereinforcement
(assumedtobe#4bars)(NYSBDM51).Thisreinforcementprovidesthefollowingmomentcapacities:
Mn=21903lbft/ft;straininsteel>0.0050.9isused
Mn=19713lbft/ft>+MU=19663lbft/ft#6@6O.C.isacceptableforbottomreinforcement.
Forprimarytopreinforcement,#6barsspacedat6in.O.C.wasalsoassumed.Therefore,theeffective
depth=6.125in.witha3in.clearcover(NYSBDM51)from1.5in.ofwearingsurface+1.5in.of
concrete.Thisreinforcementprovidesthefollowingmomentcapacities:
Mn=24103lbft/ft;straininsteel>0.0050.9isused
Mn=21693lbft/ft>MU=16027lbft/ft#6@6O.C.isacceptablefortopreinforcement.

SecondaryReinforcement
Secondarybottomreinforcementisrequiredtobe

67percentoftheprimarybottom

reinforcement(S9.7.3.2).ForSeff=10.25ft,67%isusedAs,min=0.59in.2.Reinforcementof#5@6O.C.
providesanAs=0.61in#5@6O.C.isacceptableforsecondarybottomreinforcement.

Theminimumrequiredreinforcementfortoresistshrinkageandtemperature>

.Thisvaluewas

foundtobe0.18in.2.Reinforcementof#4@12O.C.providesanAs=0.20in#4@12O.C.is
acceptableforsecondarytopreinforcement.

TheconcretedeckreinforcementlayoutcanbeseeninFigures2attached.

DesignofParapetsandOverhangs
Theminimumoverhangthicknessfordeckssupportingconcreteparapetsis8in.(S13.7.3.1.2).An
overhangthicknessof9in.waschosenforthisdeckdesign.TheNYSDOTtypicaldetailforasingleslope
concretebridgebarrierisusedfortheparapet.ThisbarrierdetailcanbeseeninFigure3.Thedimensions
andreinforcementgivenforthisbarrierare:
Parapetweight

=591psf

Parapetwidthatbase

=16

Parapetheight

=36

Frontfacereinforcement

=#6@8

Longitudinalreinforcement

=6#7

Giventheseproperties,thefollowingcapacitieswerefound:
Momentcapacityatbase,Mc

=31.72kft/ft

Flexuralresistanceaboutverticalaxis,Mw

=153.09kft/ft

Theoverhangmustbedesignedtosatisfythethreefollowingdesigncases(AASHTOA13.4.1):
1. Horizontalvehicularcollisionforces(extremeeventlimitstate).
2. Verticalcollisionforce(extremeeventlimitstate).
3. Deadandliveloads(strengthlimitstate).
However,forconcreteparapets,thecaseofverticalcollisionforcenevercontrols,soitwillnotbe
designedforthisconcretedeck.

OverhangDesignforHorizontalVehicularCollisionForce
Fortheextremeeventlimitstate,ext=1(S1.3.2.1),pDC=1(SA13.4.1),andpDW=1(SA13.4.1).
Fortheinsidefaceoftheparapet:
MDC,deck

=0.127kft/ft

MDC,parapet

=0.583kft/ft

Mu,total

=32.43kft/ft

Tocomputetheaxialtensileforce,thefollowingvalueswereobtained(S13):
LtforrailingtestlevelTL4

=3.5ft

Criticalwalllength,Lc

=13.45ft

Totaltransverseresistance,Rw

=244.818k

Axialtensileforce,T

=11.972k/ft

Using#6bars:
Effectivedepth,de

=5.625in.

=0.021

As,req

=1.41in.2/ft

#6@6barsalreadyprovidedindeckadditionalAs,req=0.53in.2
#6@8providesAs=0.66in.2Use#6@6+#6@8inoverhang.
Whencheckingthedepthofthecompressionblock:Mr=34.02kft/ft>Mu,total=32.43kftOK

OverhangDesignforDeadandLiveLoads
Forthestrengthlimitstate,=0.9(S5.5.4.2.1),pLL=1.75,pDC=1.25,andpDW=1.5(S3.4.12).
Themomentsduetodeadandliveloadswerefoundtobe:
MDC,deck

=0.484kft/ft

MDC,parapet

=1.559kft/ft

MDW,fws

=0.019kft/ft

MLL

=9.750

Mu,total

=11.813kft/ft

Using#6bars:
Effectivedepth,de

=5.625in.

=0.0074

As,req

=0.4993in.2/ft

Thisrequiredreinforcingsteelislessthanthereinforcingsteelrequiredforthefirstcase,soitdoesnot
control.

OverhangCutOffandDevelopmentLength
Fornominalnegativemomentresistancebasedon#6barsat8in.spacing,Mn=13.71kft/ft.
Fornominalflexuralresistancefornegativeflexure,Mr=12.34kft/ft.

Consideringthenominalflexuralresistance,interpolationofmomentfromcollisionforce,andthedead
loadmomentinthesecondbay,therequiredcutofflengthwasfoundtobe71in.
Theadditionalcutofflengthwasfoundtobe11.25in.(S5.11.1.2).

Thetotalrequiredcutofflength82.25in.,soalengthof7ft.(84in.)waschosen.

Thetensiondevelopmentlengthwascalculatedaccordingto(S5.11.2.1.12)andis64.5in.

TheoverhangreinforcementlayoutcanbeseeninFigure4attached.

Serviceability
ThedeflectionlimitconsideredforthisdeckisSpan/800forgeneralvehicularload(S2.5.2.6.2).Therefore,
thedeflectionmustbecontrolledtobe100ft/800=0.125ft=1.5in.Thisdeflectionwillbechecked
whenthecompositedesignoftheprestressedgirdersandconcretedeckiscompleted.

Finalconcretedeckreinforcement:

Primarytopandbottomreinforcement

#6@6O.C.

Secondarybottomreinforcement

#5@6O.C.

Secondarytopreinforcement

#4@12O.C.

Overhangreinforcement

#6@8O.C.+#6@6O.C.

Overhangcutofflength

84in.

Overhangdevelopmentlength

64.5in.

GridDeckDesign
Manufacturer/Supplier
SteelgriddecksweretobechosenfromtheL.B.FosterFabricatedBridgeProductscatalogtofacilitate
thesetupofacalculationsheetandtheiterationprocess.L.B.Fosterprovidessectionmoduliinthe
negativeandpositivebendingconditions,theweightofthesteeldeckwithandwithoutconcretefill,
andthesectionsizesforthesteelcrossbars,mainbars,andsupplementalbars.Fromthere,the
momentsofinertiainboththestrongandweakaxiscouldbebackcalculatedandusedforlater
calculations.

FailureConditions:
MomentCapacity
LiveloadforceeffectsonthedeckwerecalculatedusingtheprovisionsinAASHTOArticle4.8.6.2.1(one
ofthemethodsallowedbyAASHTOArticle9.8.2.1).Theseforceeffectsincludebothmomentduetolive
loadanddeflectionduetovehicularliveload(mentionedbelow).Deadloadmomentonthedeckwas
calculatedwithbasicmechanicsandincludedtheweightofthedecksteelasoutlinedbythe
manufactureralongwiththeconcretefillandoverfill.
Yieldmomentsweretakeninthepositiveandnegativebendingconditionsforsteelandconcrete,with
thesmallestextremeyieldmomenttakenasthelimitforthetotalmomentineachcondition.
Fatigue
ThelimitsforweldfatiguewerecalculatedusingprovisionsinAASHTOSection6.6.1.2.ArticleC9.8.2.3.3
allowedtheweldstobecategorizedasFatigueCategoryC,andstatedthatthedeckmustonlybe
checkedforfatigueinthepositivemomentregion,asifitwereasimplespan.

BoththeFatigueIandFatigueIIcaseswereconsidered;theAverageDailyTruckTrafficwastakenasin
Article6.6.1.2.3(fromTable6.6.1.2.32)withoutestimatingitasinArticle3.6.1.4.2.
Deflection
LiveloaddeflectionwascalculatedusingAASHTOequations4.6.8.2.15and4.6.8.2.16;themaximum
alloweddeflectionwastakenasinArticle2.5.2.6.2forbridgessubjecttovehicularandpedestrianloads.
Procedure
AfterpreparingtheMathcadsheet,itwaspossibletoiteratethroughthevariousdeckproductsoffered
byL.B.Fosteralongwithvaryingthespanbetweengirders.Amongthehalffilledsteelgriddecksinthe
catalog,the5InchRB6.1ConcreteHalfFilledGridw/Overfill,ratedashavingthehighestmaximum
span,waschosen.Fromthere,thespanbetweengirderswasvarieduntilallchecks(momentcapacity,
weldfatigue,anddeflection)provedsatisfactory(inthiscase,thedeflectionwasthelimitingfactor).
Spans82andshorterweresatisfactory;aspanof80(68)waschosentokeepmeasurementsas
simpleorniceaspossible.