Mapua Institute of Technology

Muralla St. intramuros, Manila

Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing
Engineering

SHOP PRACTICE NO. 8

QUENCHING AND TEMPERING

Caliwliw, Jantzen Brix

Program/Year: ME-3
Course Code/Section: ME137L/A2
Student Number: 2014100354

GRADE

Group Number: 2

Engr. Jose V. Hernandez

Instructor

Shop Practice No. 8

QUENCHING AND TEMPERING
OBJECTIVES:
1. To be able to apply the process of quenching metal.
2. To be able to apply tempering process for metals.
3. To be able to apply knowledge learn in Engineering
Materials.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS:

Quenching is the process that greatly affects the stress
strain setup in the metal. The metal heated and immerse in
solution. After immersion a part of work is move around
quenching solution in form of figure 8 motion, this keep
temperature uniform to attain uniform hardness.

and
the
the
the

Tempering is another quenching method but the treating is

done below critical temperature and cooling it by means of
quenching oil or by air. This improves the toughness but reduces the
hardness and tensile strength.

MATERIALS:
2-4 pieces of sheet metal (scrap)

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT TO BE USED:

1. Quenching Solution - for quenching treatment.
2. Mini-mite Furnace - for heating and melting metals.
3. Acetylene Set - for fusing metal and heating metal.
4. Quenching Bath - for quenching purposes.

PROCEDURES:
1. Cut the steel metal by the used of acetylene cutter torch.

2. Sharpen the steel in the grinder o your desired size.

3. If flat chisel, heat one end of steel to red hot and pound it
until flattened to desired shape.
4. Heat the metals in mini-mite furnace or acetylene torch
properly and quench it to the solution thoroughly.
5. After immersion, lift a part of the work piece and start
moving it in an 8 shape direction to attain a uniform temperature of
the solution that will affect the characteristics of the metal.
6. Temper a part of the workpiece by heating it again at a lower
temperature than critical temperature.
7. Cool it off by quenching oil or by air.

QUESTIONS:
1. What is quenching?
In materials science, quenching is defined as a rapid way of
bringing a metal back to room temperature after heat
treatment (such as annealing, normalizing or stress relieving)
to prevent the cooling process from dramatically changing the
metal's microstructure. Quenching results in the hardening of
steel at the same temperature that full annealing does.
2. Is there a need to quench the material? Why?
Yes, since it produces a harder material by either surface
hardening or through-hardening varying on the rate at which
the material is cooled.
3. What is tempering? What is the significance of it?
Tempering is done to develop the required combination of
hardness, strength and toughness or to relieve the brittleness
of fully hardened steels. Steels are never used in the as
quenched condition. The combination of quenching and
tempering is important to make tough parts.
4. What characteristics of the material are affected by
quenching?
Alloys may be air cooled, or cooled by quenching in oil, water,
or another liquid, depending upon the amount of alloying

elements in the material and final mechanical properties to be

achieved. Hardened materials are tempered to improve their
dimensional stability and toughness.
5. What is the effect of rapid cooling?
It prevents undesired low-temperature processes, such as
phase transformations, from occurring. It does this by reducing
the window of time during which these undesired reactions are
both thermodynamically favorable, and kinetically accessible.
6. Is the drawing temperature are the same in all steel?
Yes, the drawing temperature controls the rate of cooling of the
metal.
7. Can you cut steel metal by means of hacksaw?
Yes, hacksaw is used especially for cutting metal. It is a saw
with a narrow fine-toothed blade set in a frame.
8. What is the difference between austenite and
martensite?
Austenite is a metallic, non-magnetic solid solution of carbon
and iron that exists in steel above the critical temperature of
1333F ( 723C). Its face-centered cubic (FCC) structure allows
it to hold a high proportion of carbon in solution. Martensite, on
the other hand, is a body-centered tetragonal form of iron in
which some carbon is dissolved. Martensite forms during
quenching, when the face centered cubic lattice of austenite is
distorted into the body centered tetragonal structure without
the loss of its contained carbon atoms into cementite and
ferrite.

DISCUSSION:
Heat treating is a group of industrial and metalworking
processes used to alter the physical, and sometimes chemical,
properties of a material. It is also a is a controlled process used to
alter the microstructure of metals and alloys such as steel and
aluminum to impart properties which benefit the working life of a

component, for example increased surface hardness, temperature

resistance, ductility and strength.
Heat treatment techniques include annealing, case hardening,
precipitation strengthening, tempering, normalizing and quenching.
It is noteworthy that while the term heat treatment applies only to
processes where the heating and cooling are done for the specific
purpose of altering properties intentionally, heating and cooling
often occur incidentally during other manufacturing processes such
as hot forming or welding.

CONCLUSION:
In this particular shop report, the professor demonstrated the
process of quenching and tempering. In quenching, the metal must
be heated above the upper critical temperature and then quickly
cooled, while Tempering consists of heating steel below the lower
critical temperature to impart some toughness. In quenching,
cooling may be done with forced air or other gases. Liquids may be
used, due to their better thermal conductivity, such as oil, water, a
polymer dissolved in water, or a brine. In terms of ductility and
stability, tempering would be better.

RECOMMENDATION:
The student recommends that the school should have enough
equipment for its students to do this practice. But in order to do
such, the students should be provided with personal protective
equipment first. This is due to the fact that this practice involves
extreme temperatures to avoid injuries from happening.

REFERENCES:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenching
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempering_(metallurgy)