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Kopppen Geiger Map
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-100
100
-100
100
-100
100
-100
100
-100
100
-100
50
-200
50
-200
50
-200
50
-200
50
-200
50
-200
00
-30
0
-300
-300
-300
-300
-300
-300
-300
-300
-300
-300
-300
-300
Dwb
Dwa
Dwc
Dwd
Dfa
Dfb
Dfd
Jan
Jan
Jul
Jan
Dfc
ET
EF
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
250
200
250
200
250
200
250
200
250
200
250
200
250
200
250
200
250
200
250
200
250
200
250
200
250
200
250
200
250
200
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
-100
100
-100
100
-100
100
-100
100
-100
100
-100
100
-100
100
-100
100
-100
100
-100
100
-100
-300
-300
May
Mar
Jul
Mar
May
Jul
Jul
Sep
Mar
Jul
Mar
Sep
May
Mar
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
P-Distribution between
Nos of Months with
Avg.Annual Temp (T)
Seasons (Rs/R)
100 %
T >= 10 degr.C (N10)
30 degr C
12
-10 degr C
ET
ET
ET
Dfc
Dfc
Cfb
b
Cf
Dfb
Dwc
Dfb
Dfb
Dfa
Cfa
Bsk
Cfb
Bwk
ET
Bwh
30N
Bwh
Bwh
Bs
h
Bw
h
30N
Bwh
Bwh
Cfa
Bw
h
Bsh
Bsh
Aw
Aw
Aw
Am
Am
Am
AF
AF
Aw
Am
AF
AF
Am
Aw
AF
h
Bs
Aw
AF
Bs
h
Aw
AF
Aw
AF
h
Bs
Aw
Aw
AF
Aw
Aw
Am
AF
Aw
Aw
Aw
Aw
Bsh
Am
Aw
Am
Aw
Bwh
Bsh
Aw
Bwh
Bwh
Bwh
AF
Am
Aw
Aw
Bwh
Aw
Bsh
Aw
Am
Bwh
Bsh
Am
Cwa
Cw
a
Bwh
Aw
Cw
Cwa
Bwh
Aw
Cwa
Cw
Bwh
Bwh
Bsk
Bw
k
Bsk
Bwh
a
Cs
Dwa
b
Dw
Bwk
Csa
Dw
b
Dwb
Bsk
Bwk
a
Cs
Cfa
Dfa
Bsk
Dwb
Dwc
Bw
h
Dfb
Dwc
Dfa
Cfb
Cfb
Dfb
c
Dw
Cfb
T-Stations used
Dfb
Dfb
Dfb
Dfb
30N
60N
Csa
60N
c
Df
Dfb
Dfc
30N
Dfc
Dfd
Dfb
Aw
May
-300
Mar
Jan
-300
Nov
Jul
-300
Sep
Jan
-300
Nov
Sep
-300
May
Jan
-300
Nov
Jul
-300
Sep
Mar
-300
Jan
Nov
-300
Sep
May
-300
Mar
Jan
-300
Nov
May
-300
Jan
Nov
-300
Sep
May
-200
Jan
50
Nov
-200
Jul
50
Jan
-200
Nov
50
Sep
-200
May
50
Mar
-200
Jan
50
Nov
-200
Sep
50
May
-200
Mar
50
Jan
-200
Nov
50
Sep
-200
May
50
Mar
-200
Jan
50
Nov
-200
Jul
50
Sep
-200
May
50
Mar
-200
Jan
50
Nov
-200
Jul
50
Sep
-200
May
50
Mar
-100
Jan
100
Nov
-100
Sep
100
May
-100
Mar
100
Jan
-100
Nov
100
100
P-Stations used
AF
Dsc
300
ET
Dsb
300
0%
Aw
Dsa
Nov
100
-200
Jul
-100
50
Sep
100
-200
May
-100
50
Mar
100
-200
Nov
-100
50
Jul
100
-200
Sep
-100
50
May
100
-200
Mar
-100
50
Nov
100
-200
Sep
-100
-20
0
May
-10
0
50
50
Mar
100
100
Nov
Jul
Jan
Jul
100
150
Sep
-300
Jan
200
May
Jan
100
150
Jan
-300
Jan
200
Mar
Mar
100
150
Nov
-300
Jul
200
Jul
Sep
100
150
Sep
-300
Jan
200
May
Mar
100
150
Jan
-300
Sep
200
Mar
Jan
100
150
Nov
-300
Mar
200
Jul
Sep
100
150
Sep
-300
Jan
200
May
Mar
100
150
Jan
-300
Jan
200
Mar
Jan
100
150
Nov
-300
Jan
200
Jul
Jan
100
150
Sep
-300
Jan
200
May
Jan
100
150
Jan
-300
Jul
200
Mar
Sep
100
Nov
-300
Mar
100
Jul
ET
Csb
200
Sep
-300
Dfc
Dfa
300
250
ET
ET
ET
300
200
May
ET
ET
300
250
Jan
-300
Cfc
300
200
Mar
Cfb
300
250
Nov
-200
Cfa
300
200
Jul
-100
50
Csb
300
250
Sep
100
-200
Csa
300
200
May
-100
50
Cwb
300
250
Jan
100
-200
Cwa
300
200
Mar
-100
50
Bwk
300
250
Nov
100
-200
Bwh
300
200
Jul
-100
50
Bsk
300
250
Sep
100
-200
Bsh
300
200
May
-100
50
Aw
300
250
Jan
100
-200
Am
300
200
Mar
-100
50
Af
300
250
Nov
100
-200
EF
300
Jul
-100
50
ET
200
Sep
100
-200
Dfd
300
May
-100
50
Dfc
250
Jan
100
-200
Dfb
300
Mar
-100
50
Dfa
200
Nov
100
-200
Dsc
300
Jul
-100
50
Dsb
250
Sep
100
-200
Dsa
300
Mar
-100
50
Dwd
200
May
100
-200
Dwc
300
Jan
No
Jan
-100
50
Nov
100
-200
Jul
-100
50
Sep
100
-200
May
-100
50
Mar
100
Nov
150
150
Sep
200
200
May
100
150
Mar
200
Nov
100
150
Jul
200
Sep
100
150
May
200
Mar
100
150
Nov
200
Jul
100
150
Sep
200
May
100
150
Nov
200
May
100
150
Nov
200
Jul
100
150
May
200
Nov
100
150
Jul
200
May
100
150
Nov
200
Jul
100
150
Sep
200
May
100
150
Mar
200
Nov
100
150
Jul
200
Sep
100
150
May
200
Mar
200
Nov
300
250
250
Jul
300
300
200
Sep
300
250
May
300
200
Mar
300
250
Nov
300
200
Jul
300
250
Sep
300
200
May
300
250
Mar
300
200
Nov
300
250
Jul
300
200
Sep
300
250
May
300
200
Mar
300
250
Nov
300
200
Jul
300
250
Sep
300
200
May
300
250
Mar
300
200
Nov
300
250
May
300
200
Jan
300
250
ET
ET
Dwb
300
EF
Dfc
60N
Dwa
200
60N
ET
Cfc
300
ET
ET
Cfb
250
0 mm
ET
Cfa
300
1000 mm
0 mm
Csb
200
Summer Rains (Rs)
2000 mm
Csa
Annual Rainfall (R)
Cwb
300
Jul
Cwa
250
May
Bars:
Rainfall (P; mm/month)
Areas:
Avg.Temp.(degrees C x 10)
Bwk
300
Mar
Bwh
200
Jan
Bsk
300
Nov
Figures of minor
classes are omitted
Bsh
250
Jul
Aw
300
Sep
South
Koppen Groups
Am
Sep
North
Af
AF
Aw
AF
Dwb
Aw
Tropical
savanna
Winter dry season
Dwc
Bsh
Subtropical
steppe
low-latitude dry
Dwd
Mid-latitude dry
Dsa
Low-latitude desert
Dsb
Mid-latitude desert
Dsc
Mild with dry winter,
hot summer
Dsd
Bsk
Bwh
Bwk
Mid-latitude
steppe
Subtropical
desert
Mid-latitude
desert
120W
Cwa
Cwb
Humid
subtropical
Cwc
Mediterranean
Csc
Cfa
Cfb
Cfc
Dfa
Mild with no dry
season, cool summer
Dfb
Mild with dry, hot
summer
Csa
Csb
Mild with dry, warm
summer
Humid
subtropical
Marine west
coast
Subarctic
With dry
season in
summer
Humid with severe,
dry winter, warm
summer
Dfc
Subarctic
Severe, cool summer
Humid with severe
winter, no dry season,
hot summer
Humid with severe
winter, no dry season,
warm summer
Dfd
Mild with no dry
season, cool summer
ET
Tundra
Polar tundra, no true
summer
Mild with no dry
season, hot summer
EF
Ice cap
Perennial ice
Mild with no dry
season, warm
summer
Mild with no dry
season, cool summer
H - highlands
Cfa
30S
30S
Cfb
Bsk
Bsk
Csb
Cfb
90W
60W
30W
30E
Covered in the above classes
60E
Koppen-Geiger System of Climate Classification
Severe winter, no dry
season, cool summer
Severe, very cold
winter, no dry season,
cool summer
Mild with dry, warm
summer
Cfa
Bwh
Cfb
Severe, dry winter,
cool summer
Severe, very cold and
dry winter, cool
summer
Humid with severe,
hot summer
Humid with severe,
warm summer
Does not occur
Humid
continental
Bsk
Bw
h
Bsk
Tropical
monsoonal
Humid
continental
30S
Cwa
Csb
Am
Short dry season;
heavy monsoonal
rains in other months
Humid with severe,
dry winter, hot
summer
a
Cw
b
Cf
30S
Bwk
Cfa
30S
30S
30S
Dwa
Bsh
Cfa
b
Cs
No Dry Season
Cw
a
Csb
Tropical wet
Cwa
30S
h
Bs
Aw
Af
Cwa
Bsh
Cf
a
Cfa
Aw
Aw
AF
Aw
Cwa
Cwa
Cwb
Am
ET
Aw
Aw
Cfb
AF
Cw
b
Aw
World-Goode Homolosine (land)
WGS-1984
1:30,000,000
C.A.J.M. de Bie, 2007
Based on 1 km monthly avg P and T data
(1950-2000). BioClim (www.worldclim.org)
See: Hijmans et.al.
Very High Resolution Interpolated Climate
Surfaces for Global Land Areas
Int. J. Climatol. 25: 19651978 (2005)
Classes
Af
Am
Aw
Bsh
Bsk
Bwh
Bwk
Cwa
Cwb
Cwc
Csa
Csb
Csc
Cfa
Cfb
Cfc
Dwa
Dwb
Dwc
Dwd
Dsa
Dsb
Dsc
Dfa
Dfb
Dfc
Dfd
ET
EF
R
Rhi
Rlo
Rs
Rs-hi
Rs-lo
Rw-hi
Rw-lo
T
Thi
Tlo
N10
Perc
X
Total annual rain (cm)
Rain wettest month (cm)
Rain dryest month (cm)
Rain in 6 summer months (N: may-oct; S: nov-apr; cm)
Rain wettest month summer (cm)
Rain dryest month summer (cm)
Rain wettest month winter (cm)
Rain dryest month winter (cm)
Average annual temerature (degr.C)
Temperature warmest month (degr.C)
Temperature coldest month (degr.C)
Number of months with T >= 10 degrees Centigrade
Rs / R (distribution of rain between seasons)
if Perc =< 0.3 then 2.T
if Perc >= 0.7 then 2.(T+14)
else 2.(T+7)
90E
120E
150E
180
(Summer North = May-Oct; South = Nov-Apr)
Major Class
A
Tropical
Humid
Dry
R and X
Tlo
R>X
>= 18.3
Thi
R < X and
R >= X/2
Rlo
>= 6.0
< 6.0 and
>= (10R/25)
< (10R/25)
Rs-hi
Rw-hi
N10
>= -3.0
and < 18.3
>= 10.0
other
Major Class
R and X
Tlo
Thi
Rlo
Bsk
Bwh
Bwk
< (10.Rw- >= (3.Rslo)
lo)
other
>= 22.2
< 22.2
>= 22.2
< 22.2
>= 22.2
< 22.2
>= 4
<4
Csc
<4
Snow,
Severe
MidLatitude
R>X
< -3.0
>= 10.0
Cfa
Cfb
Cfc
Thi
>= 22.2
< 22.2
>= 22.2
< (10.Rw- >= (3.Rslo)
lo)
< 22.2
>= 22.2
other
Csa
<4
Rw-hi
< 3.0
Cwb
Cwc
Csb
>= 4
Cwa
>= 4
Rs-hi
>= (10.Rwlo)
Bsh
>= 18.3
< 18.3
< 3.0
Af
Aw
< 18.3
>= 18.3
R< X/2
R>X
Tlo
Am
>= (10.Rwlo)
Warm Temperat
e, Mild
MidLatitude
Thi
Ice, Polar
Highland
R>X
other
< 10.0 and
>= 0
< 0
< 22.2
Tlo
>= -38.0
< -38.0
>= -38.0
< -38.0
>= -38.0
< -38.0
N10
Dwa
>= 4
Dwb
<4
Dwc
>= 1 and
<4
>= 4
>= 1 and
<4
>= 1 and
<4
>= 4
>= 1 and
<4
>= 1 and
<4
Dwd
Dsa
Dsb
Dsc
Dsd
Dfa
Dfb
Dfc
Dfd
ET
EF
Covered in the above classes
H - highlands
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