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Crystalline StructurePerfection
Unit cell:
Simplest structural unit
Lattice constants or lattice parameters;
HCP
PF=0.74
Atomic stacking sequence :
ABABAB on (0001) planes
Case 1: MX
CsCl, simplest chemical formular
For one kind of ion, simple cubic,
For ionic compound, BCC type,
representing the CsCl type ionic
crystals.
One anion and one cation: involved
for the formation of ceramic.=> two
ions with same charge but opposite
character.
NaCl structure
Intertwining of two FCC structures;
one of sodium ions and one of
chlorine ions.
Similar type of structure; MgO, CaO,
FeO, and NiO, ect.
Same as of the case CsCl: one anion
and one cation are involved for the
formation of ceramic.=> Two ions
have same charge but opposite
character.
CaF2
Important
role in nuclear-materials
technology.
Ex. UO2 : a reactor fuel that can
accommodate fission products such as
helium gas. stays in the void to eliminate
troublesome swelling.
SiO2
Al2O3
Kaolinite [2(OH)4Al2Si2O5]
Case 4: Graphite
Single
crystals
difficult to grow.
of
polyethylene:
Compound semiconductors,
Lattice positions
Lattice translations
Lattice directions
Family directions
D D = |D||D| cos
or, cos =
uu + vv + ww
u2+v2+w2 (u)2+(v)2+(w)2
The shape of the bracket for family direction.
Lattice plane