Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Th
Perkenalan:
Sekilas LKHT & Risetnya
Judul Kegiatan
Keluaran
1999
2003
2009
2010
2011
2010
2011
2011
2012
2014
2014
National e-Authentication
Framework for ID: National eIdentity Management
2014
2015
FAKULTAS HUKUM
Cyberspace
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Cyberspace:
a term coined by science fiction writer by William Gibson,
referring to the virtual world which exist within the marriage of
computers, telecommunication networks, and digital media.
Cyber Law: Law of Digital Network, Law of Internet, Law of
Information, Lex Informatica, ICT Law, Informatics Law, etc.
LKHT-FHUI
FAKULTAS HUKUM
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Cyberlaw
Discourses
State-based traditionalist
Discourse
(+)
(--)
Cyber-Internationalist
Discourse
(+)
(--)
Andrew Murray
Cyber-libertarian
(+)
(--)
Cyber-paternalist
(+)
(--)
codes of conduct,
good/best practices => tradition
Selfregulation
Enforcement ?
Laws
&
Regulation
Consumer Protection
Fair Competition
etc
Cyberspace law
Cybersecurity
E-commerce
cybercrime
E-government
Konvergensi HukumTelematika
Separate Value Chains
Konvergensi
Non-izin
Voluntary
accreditation
IT/Komputer
Pengiriman s.d. penerimaan informasi
Content &
Application
Telekomunikasi
izin
Pemancarluasan informasi
Konten/Siaran
Infrastructure &
Access
Resources
CPE
Apakah semua hal yang berpadu ataukah
baru sebagian hal saja yang berpadu ?
Jika ada perbedaan kaedah yang
mendasar, dapatkah dilakukan penyatuan?
9
Intellectual
Property
Communication
Digital
Content
Network
Telephone Internet
Cable Satellite Wireless
Broadc.
CPE
PC
Tele
phone
TV
CUSTOMER
DISTRIBUTION
Telecomm
IT
Broadcasting &
Press & Film
Public
Information
Network (fixed,
mobile)
Value added
network & services
multimedia
services
Internet Service
Provider (ISP)
Application Service
Provider (ASP)
Content Provider
=> Information Society
Provider
Press
LPS
LPP
LPK
Provider
User
Pelaku
Usaha
Network Operator
Telco Services
Information Society
Provider (application and
content provider)
Media Capitalist
(conglomeracy)
Content Provider ?
Paradigma
Licensing regime
Voluntary Accreditation
Licensing regime
Fokus
Quality of Services
=> Perlindungan
Konsumen +
Pelayanan Publik
Optimalisasi
resources => fair
competition
Multistakeholders
(Info Comm for All)
Diversity of Ownership
Diversity of Content
Information
Governance for
Transparency and
Control
Catatan
Secrecy of
Accountablity of the Responsible &
Communication e-system
Fairness Media
Industry
&
Market
Producer
Publisher
Maximum Access
Limited Exemption
tentang Privacy dan Cybersecurity, khususnya tentang Identitas Subyek Hukum secara
elektronik
APEC Privacy Framework => cross-border privacy rules => Privacys Accountability Agent = Trusmark.
OECD => privacy guidelines, crypto policy, e-authentication, & National e-ID Management
UNCITRAL => e-commerce, e-signature, UN Convention on the Use of e-communication for Intl Contract =>
federated digital identity for global e-commerce + Cybersecurity + electronic transferable record + ODR
US have National Strategy of the Trusted Identities in Cyberspace (NSTIC) => trusted identity ecosystem
EU have Future of Identity in the Information Society (FIDIS) + STORK + EU Regulation 910/2014
Australia => National e-Authentication Framework
IGF (multi-stakeholders for Internet Governance) + Global Cybersecurity => Freedom, privacy, security dan
economic growth
=> Diperlukan kejelasan National Strategy utk National & Regional e-Authentication,
UNCITRAL
Model Law of
e-Signatures
(2001)
UNCITRAL Model
Law of eCommerce (1996)
Cybersecurity
& eCommerce(2011)
National e-ID
Management
Electronic Transferable
Record (proposal)
Online Dispute
Resolution (proposal)
UN Convention-CISG (1980)
Part I. Sphere of application and general provisions
CHAPTER I. Sphere of application
(Art 1-6),
CHAPTER II. General provisions
(Art 7-13)
Part II. Formation of the contract
(Art 14-24)
Part III. Sale of goods
CHAPTER I. General provisions
Art 25-29
CHAPTER II. Obligations of the seller .
Art 30
Sect-I. Delivery of the goods and handing over of documents
Art 31-34
Sect-II. Conformity of the goods and third-party claims Art 3544
Sec-III. Remedies for breach of contract by the seller Art 4552
CHAPTER III. Obligations of the buyer Art 53
Sect-I. Payment of the price (art 54-59)
Sect-II. Taking delivery (art 60)
Sect-III. Remedies for breach of contract by the buyer (art 6265)
CHAPTER IV. Passing of risk (art 66-70)
CHAPTER V. Provisions common to the obligations of the seller and
of the buyer
Sect-I. Anticipatory breach and instalment contracts (art 71-73)
Sect-II. Damages (art 74-77)
Sect-III. Interest (art 78)
Sect-IV. Exemptions (art 79-80)
Sect-V. Effects of avoidance (art 81-84)
Sect-VI. Preservation of the goods (art 85-88)
Part IV.
Final provisions (art 89-101)
UN-ECC (2005)
Chapter I. Sphere of application
Art. 1. Scope of application
Art. 2. Exclusions
Art. 3. Party autonomy
Chapter II. General provisions
Art. 4. Definitions
Art. 5. Interpretation
Art. 6. Location of the parties
Art. 7. Information requirements
Chapter III. Use of electronic communications in
international contracts.
Art. 8. Legal recognition of electronic communications
Art. 9. Form requirements
Writing
Signed
original
Art. 10. Time and place of dispatch and receipt of
electronic communications
Art. 11. Invitations to make offers
Art. 12. Use of automated message systems for
contract formation
Art. 13. Availability of contract terms
Art. 14. Error in electronic communications
Art. 15. Depositary
UNCITRAL E-commerce
(1996)
Part one. Electronic commerce in general
Chapter I. General provisions
Art 1. Sphere of application
Art 2. Definitions
Art 3. Interpretation
Art 4. Variation by agreement
Chapter II. Application of legal requirements to data messages
Art 5. Legal recognition of data messages
Art 5 bis. Incorporation by reference
Art 6. Writing
Art 7. Signature
Art 8. Original
Art 9. Admissibility and evidential weight of data messages
Art 10. Retention of data messages
Chapter III. Communication of data messages
Art 11. Formation and validity of contracts
Art 12. Recognition by parties of data messages
Art 13. Attribution of data messages
Art 14. Acknowledgement of receipt
Art 15. Time and place of dispatch and receipt of data messages
Part two. Electronic commerce in specific areas
Chapter I. Carriage of goods
Art 16. Actions related to contracts of carriage of goods
Art 17. Transport documents
UNCITRAL e-signatures
(2001)
E-business involves
Digital enablement of transactions and
processes within a firm, involving
information systems under the control
of the firm
E-business does not involve
commercial transactions across
organizational boundaries where value
is exchanged
E-commerce involves
Digitally enabled commercial transactions
between organizations and individuals.
Digitally enabled transactions include all
transactions mediated by digital technology
Commercial transactions involve the
exchange of value across organizational or
individual boundaries in return for products or
services
industri
Arus informasi
Arus Uang
Arus barang
K
e
s
e
p
a
k
a
t
a
n
perdagangan
Model Bisnis ?
Kominfo
UU ITE + PP PSTE
Rezim non-perizinan untuk Aplikasi dan
Konten (perizinan hanya utk infrastruktur,
UU Telekomunikasi)
IT Governance/ Tata Kelola TIK
Pendaftaran terhadap Obyek SE =>
Penyelenggaraan Sistem Elektronik (No.
Registrasi SE)
Daftar Network (trusted dan un-trusted)
Perdagangan
UU Perdagangan + RPP e-commerce
Rezim Perizinan, namun menteri
berwenang memberikan pengecualian
Corporate Governance, tata kelola
perniagaan
Pendaftaran terhadap Subyek
Perusahaan
Tanda Daftar Perusahaan (TDP)
FAKULTAS HUKUM
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
FAKULTAS HUKUM
Legal
Intellectual property
rights
Jurisdictional issues
Electronic Discovery
Risks
Loss/compromise of
client PII or
confidential data
Reputational
Data privacy breach
Security breach
Violating mandatory
laws or regulations
Violation of market
practice and
expectation
EC Directive 97/7/EC
(protection of consumers in
respect of distance contracts)
Art.1 Object
Art.2 Definition
Art.3 Exemptions
Art.4 Prior Information
Art.5 Written Confirmation
or Information
Art.6. Right of Withdrawal
Art.7 Performance
Art. 8 Payment by Card
Art.9 Inertia Selling
Art.10 Restrictions on the
use of certain means of
distance communication
Art.11 Judicial or
administrative redress
Art 12 Binding Nature
Art.13 Community Rules
Art.14 Minimal Clause
Art.15 Implementation
Art.16 Consumer
Information
Art.17 Complain System
EC Directive 2000/31/EC
on certain legal aspects of information society services, in
particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market
(Directive on electronic commerce)
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
Art.1 Objective & scope
Art.2 Definitions
Art 3 Internal market
CHAPTER 2 PRINCIPLES
Sect-1 Establishment of information requirements
Art 4 Principles excluding prior authorization
Art 5 General inforrmation to be provided
Sect-2 Commercial Communications
Art 6 Information to be provided
Art 7 Unsolicited commercial communications
Art 8 Regulated professions
Secti-3 Contract concluded by electronic means
Art 9 Treatment of contracts (some exclusions)
Art 10 Information to be provided
Art 11 Placing of the order.
Sec-4 Liability of Intermediary Service Providers
Art 12 Mere conduit.
Art 13 Caching.
Art 14 Hosting.
Art 15 No general obligation to monitor
CHAPTER 3 IMPLEMENTATION
Art 16 codes of conduct
Art 17 Out-of-court dispute settlement
Art 18 Court actions
Art 19 Cooperation
Art 20 Sanctions
Chapter 4 Final Provisions
Liability
www.itc.tf.vu.lt
Cybercrime
(i.e. illegal Content)
Commercial
Communications
IPRs (Copyright)
applicable law
Privacy/
Data Protection
Internet
Governance
contract law
(e-contracting)
Consumer
protection
Content Regulation
Negotiable
Documents/Title
Taxation
Unfair Competition
Info requirements
Liability provisions
Blocking of services
Commercial coms
Mere conduit
Court actions
Regulated
professions
Caching
No prior authorization
Hosting
Electronic contracts
Cooperation
No monitoring
Codes of conduct
Dispute settlement
Korea
Framework Act on e-Commerce
Chapter 1 General Provision
Chapter 2 Electronic Document
Chapter 3 Ensuring Security in e-Commerce
and Protection of Consumers
Chapter 4 Formulation of Basic Policy on eCommerce and System for its Promotion
Chapter 5 Promotion of e-Commerce and
Creation of Basis
Chapter 5-2 Authorized e-Documents
Depository
Chapter 6 e-Commerce Mediation Committee
Chapter 7 Supplementary Povisions
Chapter 8 Penal Provisions
Kurang lebih 12x Amandemen/Adenda
Sistem Elektronik
utk
Transaksi Perdagangan
Pedagang
Penyedia Jasa
Penyedia Sarana/Penyelenggara
Prosedur
Perangkat
Pembeli
Pengguna Jasa
Kewajiban
Konsumen
E-payment System
Electronic cash or
Token-based system
Smart card
Systems:
Mondex
Chipper
Proton
Online Cash
systems
Netcash
Ecash
Millicent
Credit-debit or
Account-based System
Generic
systems
Net-bill
Net-cheque
Pay-pal
aggregation
Mediating System
Specialized
systems
E-mail based
systems
Lembaga
Konsumen
Konsumen
KPPU
Lisensi
Aplikasi
Standar pembuktian:
- HukumAcara:
Standar
Sistem
Pembayaran Kelaikan Business
Prosess Perbankan
Lisensi
Aplikasi
Network
application
e-System
Audit ?
Penyelidikan
Penyidikan
Pemeriksaan
OJK +
Bank
Indonesia
Bank
koordinasi
Kominfo:
Postel +
Aptel
Pendaftaran dan
Sertifkasi Kelaikan SE
Resiko
Asuransi
?
Penyedia
Sarana
FAKULTAS HUKUM
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Mekanisme Persetujuan:
(formation of contract)
Pemenuhan Persetujuan:
(performance of contract)
Finalization
Written
Contract
Drafting
Signing
Performance
OR
Excused
Non
Performance
Remedies
Performance
Contract Formation
Indonesia
common law
Promissory Astoppel
Consideration:
Legal detriment
Legal benefit
Wan-prestasi:
Tidak dilakukan
Tidak memuaskan dilakukan
LITIGATION
OR
Negotiation
Successful
completion
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pasal 1(1): Klausula Baku adalah setiap aturan atau ketentuan dan syarat-syarat yang telah dipersiapkan dan ditetapkan
terlebih dahulu secara sepihak oleh pelaku usaha yang dituangkan dalam suatu dokumen dan/atau perjanjian yang mengikat
dan wajib dipenuhi oleh konsumen.
Pasal 18
Pelaku usaha dalam menawarkan barang dan/atau jasa yang ditujukan untuk diperdagangkan dilarang membuat atau
mencantumkan klausula baku pada setiap dokumen dan/atau perjanjian apabila:
1. menyatakan pengalihan tanggungjawab pelaku usaha;
2. menyatakan bahwa pelaku usaha berhak menolak penyerahan kembali barang yang dibeli konsumen;
3. menyatakan bahwa pelaku usaha berhak menolak penyerahan kembali uang yang dibayarkan atas barang dan/atau jasa
yang dibeli oleh konsumen;
4. menyatakan pemberian kuasa dari konsumen kepada pelaku usaha baik secara langsung, maupun tidak langsung untuk
melakukan segala tindakan sepihak yang berkaitan dengan barang yang dibeli oleh konsumen secara angsuran;
5. mengatur perihal pembuktian atas hilangnya kegunaan barang atau pemanfaatan jasa yang dibeli oleh konsumen;
6. memberi hak kepada pelaku usaha untuk mengurangi manfaat jasa atau mengurangi harta kekayaan konsumen yang
menjadi obyek jual beli jasa;
7. menyatakan tunduknya konsumen kepada peraturan yang berupa aturan baru, tambahan, lanjutan dan/atau
pengubahan lanjutan yang dibuat sepihak oleh pelaku usaha dalam masa konsumen memanfaatkan jasa yang dibelinya;
8. menyatakan bahwa konsumen memberi kuasa kepada pelaku usaha untuk pembebanan hak tanggungan, hak gadai,
atau hak jaminan terhadap barang yang dibeli olch konsumen secara angsuran.
Pelaku usaha dilarang mencantumkan klausula baku yang letak atau bentuknya sulit terlihat atau tidak dapat dibaca secara
jelas, atau yang pengungkapannya sulit dimengerti
Setiap klausula baku yang telah ditetapkan oleh pelaku usaha pada dokumen atau perjanjian yang memenuhi ketentuan
sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat 1 dan ayat 2 dinyatakan batal demi hukum.
Pelaku usaha wajib menyesuaikan klausula baku yang bertentangan dengan Undang-undang ini.
Kewajiban
Konsumen
Iktikad baik
Membaca petunjuk dan
menggunakan sesuai prosedur
dan hukum
Membayar transaksi
Menjaga keamanan (contoh:
menjaga kunci privat)
Responsif
Menyelesaikan permasalahan
secara patut
dst
Tanggung Jawab
Pelaku Usaha
Menjamin akuntabilitias sistem (presumed
liability, psl 15 UU ITE)
Tanggung jawab terhadap PSE yang tidak
mengindahkan kaedah akuntabilitas sesuai
hukum yang berlaku => prinsip
pertanggungjawaban secara ketat (strict)
Tanggung jawab terhadap PSE yang sesuai
hukum yang berlaku dapat membatasi
tanggung jawab secara proporsional sesuai
biaya atau pengeluaran (penggantian biaya)
Demi tumbuhnya Industri sepanjang resiko
dapat dikelola dengan baik, maka perlu
dipikirkan kemungkinan penerapan
Tanggung jawab mutlak dengan pembatasan
maksimum ganti rugi terhadap PSE yang
telah sesuai hukum yang berlaku.
PP PSTE
Bab I
Bab II
Ketentuan Umum
Penyelenggaraan Sistem
Elektronik
Bab III Penyelenggara Agen
Elektronik
Bab IV Penyelenggaraan
Transaksi Elektronik
Bab V
Bab VI Penyelenggaraan
Sertifikasi Elektronik
Bab VII Lembaga Sertifikasi
Keandalan
Bab
Pengelolaan Nama
VIII
Domain
Bab IX Sanksi
Bab X Ketentuan Peralihan
Bab XI Ketentuan Penutup
Pasal 40-51
Bagian Kesatu: Lingkup Penyelenggaraan Transaksi Elektronik
Bagian Kedua: Persyaratan Penyelenggaraan Transaksi Elektronik
Bagian Ketiga: Persyaratan Transaksi Elektronik
Transaksi Elektronik yang dilakukan para pihak memberikan akibat hukum kepada para pihak.
Penyelenggaraan Transaksi Elektronik yang dilakukan para pihak wajib memperhatikan: a. iktikad baik;
b. prinsip kehati-hatian; c. transparansi; d. akuntabilitas; dan e. kewajaran.
Kontrak Elektronik dan bentuk kontraktual lainnya harus dibuat dalam Bahasa Indonesia.
Kontrak Elektronik yang dibuat dengan klausula baku harus sesuai dengan ketentuan mengenai
klausula baku sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan.
Kontrak Elektronik paling sedikit memuat:
a. data identitas para pihak;
b. objek dan spesifikasi;
c. persyaratan Transaksi Elektronik;
d. harga dan biaya;
e. prosedur dalam hal terdapat pembatalan oleh para pihak;
f. ketentuan yang memberikan hak kepada pihak yang dirugikan untuk dapat mengembalikan barang dan/atau
meminta penggantian produk jika terdapat cacat tersembunyi; dan
g. pilihan hukum penyelesaian Transaksi Elektronik.
Pasal 49: (1) Pelaku Usaha yang menawarkan produk melalui Sistem Elektronik wajib menyediakan
informasi yang lengkap dan benar berkaitan dengan syarat kontrak, produsen, dan produk yang
ditawarkan. (2) Pelaku Usaha wajib memberikan kejelasan informasi tentang penawaran kontrak atau
iklan (3) Pelaku Usaha wajib memberikan batas waktu kepada konsumen untuk mengembalikan barang
yang dikirim apabila tidak sesuai dengan perjanjian atau terdapat cacat tersembunyi. (4) Pelaku Usaha
wajib menyampaikan informasi mengenai barang yang telah dikirim. (5) Pelaku Usaha tidak dapat
membebani konsumen mengenai kewajiban membayar barang yang dikirim tanpa dasar kontrak.
Pasal 50: (1) Transaksi Elektronik terjadi pada saat tercapainya kesepakatan para pihak. (2)
Kesepakatan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) terjadi pada saat penawaran transaksi yang dikirim
oleh Pengirim telah diterima dan disetujui oleh Penerima. (3) Kesepakatan sebagaimana dimaksud
pada ayat (2) dapat dilakukan dengan cara: a. tindakan penerimaan yang menyatakan persetujuan;
atau b. tindakan penerimaan dan/atau pemakaian objek oleh Pengguna Sistem Elektronik.
Pasal 51 (1) Dalam penyelenggaraan Transaksi Elektronik para pihak wajib menjamin: a. pemberian
data dan informasi yang benar; dan b. ketersediaan sarana dan layanan serta penyelesaian pengaduan.
(2) Dalam penyelenggaraan Transaksi Elektronik para pihak wajib menentukan pilihan hukum secara
setimbang terhadap pelaksanaan Transaksi Elektronik.
(5) Dalam hal terjadi sengketa terkait dengan transaksi dagang melalui sistem elektronik, orang atau
badan usaha yang mengalami sengketa dapat menyelesaikan sengketa tersebut melalui
pengadilan atau melalui mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa lainnya.
(6) Setiap Pelaku Usaha yang memperdagangkan Barang dan/atau Jasa dengan menggunakan sistem
elektronik yang tidak menyediakan data dan/atau informasi secara lengkap dan benar
sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dikenai sanksi administratif berupa pencabutan izin.
Pasal 66
Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai transaksi Perdagangan melalui Sistem Elektronik diatur dengan
atau berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah.
Informasi yang
lengkap dan benar
Syarat Kontrak
Syarat
Penawaran
Syarat Penerimaan +
Konfirmasi
Prinsip-Prinsip
Pembayaran
Pelaku Usaha e-Commerce
Jenis Pelaku Usaha,
Bentuk Perusahaan
Kegiatan Usaha Perdagangan
Secara Elektronik
e-Information/e-Document
Sebagai Bukti Transaksi
Jurisdiksi
RPP
e-Commerce
Sanksi Administratif
Iklan elektronik +
info komersial/spam
Pengiriman
Pajak ?
Penyelesaian
Sengketa
Peralihan & Penutup
Esensi Pengaturan
RPP-e-commerce adalah melengkapi ITE + PP-PSTE, sesuai dengan kewenangan sektor
masing-masing => mencakup semua jenis sistem elektronik yang dilakukan untuk
perdagangan
Kebebasan berkontrak para pihak sepanjang fair dan akuntable
Mencakup semua Lingkup model bisnis dan model komunikasi yang digunakan=>
hubungan hukum antara para pihak
B2B => sebaiknya mengadopsi UN-ECC
B2C => sebaiknya mengakomodir EC Directive + UCITA/UETA
C2C => dapat mengakomodir UCITA
Lingkup dan aneka jenis Transaksi => (pre-contract, formation & performance) =
perikatan yg sah
Jual Beli, Lisensi (shrink-wrap, click wrap, etc), dsb.
Obyek Transaksi
Barang => goods (tidak hanya physical melainkan juga digital)
Services => mencakup jasa Professional + penyelenggara jasa Social Networks
yang menyediakan forum untuk perdagangan
Payment
Micro payment => Credit or Debit card, e-money/digital-cash
On-line or Off-line
Delivery & Transfer of Title: Conventional or electronic (off-line or online)
Tanggung Jawab Hukum => negligence + presumed + strict liability
Online ADR (B2B=BANI, B2C&C2C=BPSK, G2C=ombudsman)
B2C
C2C
Court
System
ADR
Both way
Agreement
Both way
Agreement
Both way
Agreement
Both way
Agreement
One way
Requirement
In-house
Consumer
Satisfaction
System
Conciliation/
Negotiation/
Consultation
Mediation
Arbitration
Litigation
Both way
Nonbinding
Both way
Nonbinding
Both way
Nonbinding
Both way
binding
Both way
binding
Contractual
Agreement
Contractual
Agreement
Contractual
Agreement
Executional
Agreement
Executional
Agreement
Highlighted Area
Assisted
Negotiation
Mediation
Arbitration
Litigation
On a Sliding Scale:
Facilitation
Conciliation
Automated, or not
Voluntary or mandatory
submission
Automated or not
Voluntary or mandatory
participation
No obligation on the
parties to agree, before
entering ADR, that the
outcome will be binding
Informal to Formal ADR
Source:
"Building Trust in the Online Environment: B2C Dispute Resolution". Joint Conference
of the OECD, HCOPIL, and ICC. The Hague, 11-12 December 2000. Orientation
Document.
Source: World Economic Forum, Rethinking Personal Data: Strengthening Trust, May 2012
Identity as a representation
Identity is seen as a set of attributes characterizing the person.
2. A process perspective:
Identity for identification. Identity is considered according to a set of processes
relating to disclosure of information about the person and usage of this
information.
The shift from the total integrated approach to interoperability development is not only a
technical change, but reflects organisational, economical and social trends /
requirements of the society. To successfully tackle this very complex and highly detailed
endeavour, it is necessary to develop research involving knowledge and competencies of
all domains concerned. (Chen, 2003)
The realization of this vision is the user-centric Identity Ecosystem described in this
Strategy It is an online environment where individuals and organizations will be able to trust
each other because they follow agreed upon standards to obtain and authenticate their
digital identitiesand the digital identities of devices
The Identity Ecosystem is designed to securely support transactions that range from
anonymous to fully-authenticated and from low- to high-value
The Identity Ecosystem, as envisioned here, will increase
the following:
Privacy protections for individuals, who will be able trust
that their personal data is handled fairly and transparently;
Convenience for individuals, who may choose to manage
fewer passwords or accounts than they do today;
Efficiency for organizations, which will benefit from a
reduction in paper-based and account management
processes;
Ease-of-use, by automating identity solutions whenever
possible and basing them on technol-ogy that is simple to
operate;
Security, by making it more difficult for criminals to
compromise online transactions;
Confidence that digital identities are adequately
protected, thereby promoting the use of online services;
Innovation, by lowering the risk associated with sensitive
services and by enabling service providers to develop or
expand their online presence;
Choice, as service providers offer individuals different
yet interoperableidentity credentials and media
FAKULTAS HUKUM
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Public Repository
Document
SIAK
NOTARIS
Notaris:
Physically
appearance:
verifkasi e-ID dengan
persetujuan ybs
verifikasi ID
Pembacaan
Penandatanganan (Signing)
Stempel (time stamping & seal)
Pencatatan (registering on notary log record)
Pelaporan (reporting & sending authentic ecopy)
Kesimpulan
[e-Commerce]
Infrastructure and
Services
Competition
[Financial Sector
Regulation]
[Consumer
Protection]
[IPR]
Cyber-Security
CIR
CII/CIIP
Digital Data
Protection
[Authentication]
Cybercrime
Institutional Aspects
Dalam menghadapi AEC 2015, tidak cukup hanya membicarakan eCommerce, eGovernment, Privacy & Data Protection melainkan kita
butuh kejelasan ttg Cyber-Security & Resilience untuk regional etransaction ASEAN. Hal itu meminta kejelasan kebijakan nasional
tentang National e-Authentication Framework. Selayaknya semua itu
menjadi prioritas untuk diselesaikan dan segera diundangkan demi
tumbuhnya Digital Economy yg sehat.
Sehubungan dengan itu pula, sistem hukum perlu dikembangkan =>
CyberNotary + Public Repository document untuk Crossborder
Transaction di kawasan dan internasional
Mencermati EU Regulation 910/2014 ttg e-identification and trust
services, maka selayaknya ASEAN perlu belajar dari dinamika
tersebut dan segera memperjelas Regional Crypto Policy serta
standar Perlindungan Data Pribadi, yang sebaiknya mengacu kepada
Proposal Regulasi yang tengah dibahas di Eropa yang targetnya
mereka akan selesaikan tahun ini.
Mencermati dinamika masyarakat tampaknya lebih senang dengan
kontroversi ketimbang harmonisasi dan sinergi akibatnya ibarat
vector semuanya berjalan sendiri dan berpencar ke berbagai arah
sehingga belum membentuk suatu resultant/keterpaduan arah
kepada kemajuan yang mensejahterakan
Perguruan Tinggi Hukum harus aktif mengekoreksi dan mengembang
kan sistem hukum menjadi lebih baik dari waktu ke waktu.
Ringkasan Pengaturan
New Data Protection Landscape
Expanded Territorial Reach
Accountability and Privacy by Design
Consent
Data Breach Notification
Role of Data Processors
Sanctions
Removal of Notification Requirement
International Transfers
Binding Corporate Rules
One Stop Shop
Data Protection Officers
New European Data Protection Board
Right to be Forgotten
<Allen & Overy, The EU General Data Protection Regulation is Finally Aggreed, 2016>
Terima Kasih
UCITA
Part 1 General Provisions:
[Subpart A. Short Title And Definitions]
sec.101. Short Title. + sec.102. Definitions.
[Subpart B. General Scope And Terms]
sec.103. Scope; Exclusions.
sec.104. Mixed Transactions: Agreement to Opt-In
Or Opt-Out.
sec.105. Relation To Federal Law; Fundamental
Public Policy; Transactions Subject to other State
Law.
sec.106. Rules Of Construction.
sec.107. Legal Recognition Of Electronic Record And
Authentication; Use Of Electronic Agents.
sec.108. Proof And Effect Of Authentication.
sec.109. Choice Of Law.
sec.110. Contractual Choice Of Forum.
sec.111. Unconscionable Contract Or Term.
sec.112. Manifesting Assent; Opportunity To Review.
sec.113. Variation By Agreement; Commercial
Practice.
sec.114. Supplemental Principles; Good Faith;
Decision For Court; Reasonable Time; Reason To
Know.
Part 2 Formation And Terms
[Subpart A. Formation Of Contract]
sec. 201. Formal Requirements.
sec. 202. Formation In General.
sec. 203. Offer And Acceptance In General.
sec. 204. Acceptance With Varying Terms.
sec. 205. Conditional Offer Or Acceptance.
sec. 206. Offer And Acceptance: Electronic Agents.
sec. 207. Formation: Releases Of Informational
Rights.
[Subpart B. Terms Of Records]
sec. 208. Adopting Terms Of Records.
sec. 209. Mass-Market License.
sec. 210. Terms Of Contract Formed By Conduct.
sec. 211. Pretransaction Disclosures In Internet-Type
Transactions.
[Subpart C. Electronic Contracts: Generally]
sec. 212. Efficacy And Commercial Reasonableness
Of Attribution Procedure.
sec. 213. Determining Attribution.
sec. 214. Electronic Error: Consumer Defenses.
sec. 215. Electronic Message: When Effective;
Effect Of Acknowledgment.
Part 3 Construction
[Subpart A. General]
sec. 301. Parol Or Extrinsic Evidence.
sec. 302. Practical Construction.
sec. 303. Modification And Rescission.
sec. 304. Continuing Contractual Terms.
sec. 305. Terms To Be Specified.
sec. 306. Performance Under Open Terms.
[Subpart B. Interpretation]
sec. 307. Interpretation And Requirements For Grant.
sec. 308. Duration Of Contract.
sec. 309. Agreement For Performance To Partys
Satisfaction.
Part 4 Warranties
sec. 401. Warranty And Obligations Concerning
Noninterference And Noninfringement.
sec. 402. Express Warranty.
sec. 403. Implied Warranty: Merchantability Of
Computer Program.
sec. 404. Implied Warranty: Informational Content.
sec. 405. Implied Warranty: Licensees Purpose; System
Integration.
sec. 406. Disclaimer Or Modification Of Warranty.
sec. 407. Modification Of Computer Program.
sec. 408. Cumulation And Conflict Of Warranties.
sec. 409. Third-Party Beneficiaries Of Warranty.
Part 5 Transfer Of Interests And Rights
[Subpart A. Ownership And Transfers]
sec. 501. Ownership Of Informational Rights.
sec. 502. Title To Copy.
sec. 503. Transfer Of Contractual Interest.
sec. 504. Effect Of Transfer Of Contractual Interest.
sec. 505. Performance By A Delegate; Subcontract.
sec. 506. Transfer By Licensee.
[Subpart B. Financing Arrangements]
sec. 507. Financing If Financier Does Not Become
Licensee.
sec. 508. Finance Licenses.
sec. 509. Financing Arrangements: Obligations
Irrevocable.
sec. 510. Financing Arrangements: Remedies Or
Enforcement.
sec. 511. Financing Arrangements: Effect On Licensors
Rights.
Part 6 Performance
[Subpart A. General]
Sec.601. Performance Of Contract In General.
sec.602. Licensors Obligations To Enable Use.
sec.603. Submissions Of Information To Satisfaction Of
Party.
sec.604. Immediately Completed Performance.
sec.605. Electronic Regulation Of Performance.
[Subpart B. Performance In Delivery Of Copies]
sec.606. Copy: Delivery; Tender Of Delivery.
sec.607. Copy: Performance Related To Delivery;
Payment.
sec.608. Copy: Right To Inspect; Payment Before
Inspection.
sec.609. Copy: When Acceptance Occurs.
sec.610. Copy: Effect Of Acceptance; Burden Of
Establishing; Notice Of Claims.
[Subpart C. Special Types Of Contracts]
sec.611. Access Contracts.
sec.612. Correction And Support Contracts.
sec.613. Contracts Involving Publishers, Dealers, & End
Users.
[Subpart D. Loss And Impossibility]
sec.614. Risk Of Loss Of Copy.
sec.615. Excuse By Failure Of Presupposed Conditions.
[Subpart E. Termination]
sec.616. Termination: Survival Of Obligations.
sec.617. Notice Of Termination.
sec.618. Termination: Enforcement.
Part 7 Breach Of Contract
[Subpart A. General]
sec.701. Breach Of Contract; Material Breach.
sec.702. Waiver Of Remedy For Breach Of Contract.
sec.703. Cure Of Breach Of Contract.
[Subpart B. Defective Copies]
sec.704. Copy: Refusal Of Defective Tender.
sec.705. Copy: Contract With Previous Vested Grant Of
Rights.
sec.706. Copy: Duties Upon Rightful Refusal.
sec.707. Copy: Revocation Of Acceptance.
[Subpart C. Repudiation And Assurances]
sec.708. Adequate Assurance Of Performance.
sec.709. Anticipatory Repudiation.
sec.710. Retraction Of Anticipatory Repudiation.
Part 8 Remedies
[Subpart A. General]
sec. 801. Remedies In General.
sec. 802. Cancellation.
sec. 803. Contractual Modification Of Remedy.
sec. 804. Liquidation Of Damages.
sec. 805. Limitation Of Actions.
sec. 806. Remedies For Fraud.
[Subpart B. Damages]
sec. 807. Measurement Of Damages In General.
sec. 808. Licensors Damages.
sec. 809. Licensees Damages.
sec. 810. Recoupment.
[Subpart C. Remedies Related To Performance]
sec. 811. Specific Performance.
sec. 812. Completing Performance.
sec. 813. Continuing Use.
sec. 814. Discontinuing Access.
sec. 815. Right To Possession And To Prevent
Use.
sec. 816. Limitations On Electronic Self-Help.
Part 9 Miscellaneous Provisions
sec. 901. Severability.
sec. 902. Effective Date.
sec. 903. Repeals.
sec. 904. Previous Rights And Transactions.