Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
and%Func.on%
Chapter%34%
The%Leaf%
Rela.vely%short%lived%
High%metabolic%cost%
Ex.%maple%tree%
Compe..on%%
Large%surface%area:%%
good%for%photosynthesis%
bad%for%evapora.on%
The%leaf%=%most%variable%plant%organ%
Carbon%xa.on%
Blade
Veins
Petiole
Axillary bud
Stipules
Stem
2%largest%classes%of%owering%plants:%
Monocots%and%Eudicots%%
What%is%a%cot?%
Cotyledon:%(seed%leaf):%%
part%of%the%embryo%within%the%seed;%
may%contain%food%stored%for%
germina.on%
Mono%
Di%
Monocots%vs.%Eudicots%%
Monocots,
Eudicots,
leaves%vary%in%shape,%(usually%
long%narrow%leaves%
broader%vs.%monocot)%
parallel%veins%
neUed,%nely%branched%veins%
grasses,%palms,%orchids,%
oaks,%roses,%cac.%
irises,%onions,%lilies%
blueberries,%sunowers%
The%leaf%=%most%variable%plant%organ%
Axillary bud
Axillary%buds%form%at%the%base%of%a%leaf%(both%simple%and%
compound),%but%never%at%the%base%of%leaets%
study parts
photosynthesis
Palisade
mesophyll
Vein
(vascular
bundle)
Spongy
mesophyll
Cuticle
Upper
epidermis
Bundle
sheath
Xylem
Phloem
Stoma
Lower
epidermis
Stoma
Guard cells
Palisade
mesophyll
Vein
(vascular
bundle)
Spongy
mesophyll
Cuticle
Upper
epidermis
Bundle
sheath
Xylem
Phloem
Stoma
Lower
epidermis
Stoma
Guard cells
Open
Closed
Pore
Surrounding
cells
Stomatal%opening%and%closing%
Text
Stomatal%opening%and%closing%
loss%of%water%vapor%by%evapora.on%
from%aerial%plant%parts%
99%%of%the%water%a%plant%
absorbs%from%soil%is%lost%
by%transpira.on%(mostly%
through%open%stomata)%
Warm%temperature,%
light,%wind%and%dry%air%
increase%transpira.on%%
Humid%air%decreases%
transpira.on%
Water
molecules
Stem
Xylem
cells
Adhesion by
hydrogen bonding
Cell wall
Cohesion
by hydrogen
bonding
Cohesion and
adhesion in
the xylem
water is moving agains gravity
Transpira.on:%Temporary%Wil.ng%
In,the,late,a3ernoon,of,a,hot,day,,
the,leaves,have,wilted,because,of,
water,loss%
The,next,morning,,water,in,the,leaves,has,
been,replenished.,Transpira@on,is,negligible,
during,the,night,,and,the,plants,recover,by,
absorbing,water,from,the,soil.,
Turgor,pressure,
(water%pressure)%
provides%plant%
support%%
The%uid%within%the%
central%vacuole%of%a%
plant%creates%
pressure%against%
cell%wall%
Z%aids%in%structural%
support%%
Transpira.on%is%essen.al%for%water%movement%and%
distribu.on%of%essen.al%minerals%throughout%the%plant%
Modied%Leaves%
BractsB,leaves%that%look%like%owers%%
(poinse[a,%dogwood)%surround%small%ower%clusters%%
Modied%Leaves%
BulbsB,short%stem%with%eshy%leaves%
Modied%Leaves%
Succulent,leavesB,water%storage%%
(waxy,%spherical%to%prevent%water%loss)%%
Modied%Leaves%
Bud,scalesB%
Protec.on%of%meristema.c%.ssue%during%winter%
Modied%Leaves%
TendrilsZ%support%for%climbing%plants%%
(pea%plant)%
Modied%Leaves%
SpinesZ%defense%%
(stem%of%cactus%is%photosynthe.c)%%
Asexual reproduction
Modied%Leaves%
Mother%of%Thousands%
Modied%Leaves%
Guard cells of
sunken stoma
Resin duct
Endodermis
Xylem
Vascular
Phloem bundle
Mesophyll cell
(photosynthetic
parenchyma cell)
Needles:%The%thick,%waxy%cu.cle%and%sunken%stomata%are%two%structural%%
adapta.ons%that%enable%pine%to%retain%its%needles%throughout%the%winter.%
Also,%low%surface%area%to%prevent%evapora.on%of%water%from%the%needles%%
Pitcher%plants%%
Sundews%
Venus%y%traps%