DEDICATED TO OUR BELOVED

PARENTS

FABRICATION OF MULTI AGRI

CUTTER

CONTENTS

CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO

1
2
3
3.1
3.3
3.4
4
4.1
5
6
7
8
9
10

TITLE
Synopsis
List of figures
Introduction
Literature review
Description of equipments
Motor
Spur gear
Control unit
Design and drawing
Drawing for triangular advertisement display
Working principle
Merits & demerits
Applications
List of materials
Cost Estimation
Conclusion
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PHOTOGRAPHY

SYNOPSIS

SYNOPSIS
This is the new innovative and effective concept mainly used for
agricultural field. It is simple in construction and the working process is very easy.
And it is mostly used in the agricultural field for the cutting of crops, sugarcane,
wooden pieces and etc..,

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A motorized Multi Agri cutter is a machine that uses revolving blades, to
cut a garden land spaces, at an even length. Multi Agri cutters employing a blade
that rotates about a vertical axis are known as rotary cutters, while those
employing a blade assembly that rotates about a horizontal axis are known as
cylinder or reel cutters.
Many different designs have been made, each suited to a particular purpose.
The smallest types, pushed by a human, are suitable for small residential lawns
and gardens, while larger, self-contained, ride-on mowers are suitable for large
lawns, and the largest, multi-gang mowers pulled behind a tractor, are designed for
large expanses of Multi Agri such as golf courses and municipal parks.

LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

The first lawn mower(Multi Agri cutter) was invented by Edwin Budding in
1827 in Stroud, Gloucestershire. Budding's mower was designed primarily to cut
the lawn on sports grounds and expensive gardens, as a superior alternative to the
scythe, and was patented in 1830. It took ten more years and further innovations to
create a machine that could be worked by animals, and sixty years before a steampowered lawn mower was built. In an agreement between John Ferrabee and
Edwin Budding dated May 18, 1830, Ferrabee paid the costs of development,
obtained letters of patent and acquired rights to manufacture, sell and license other
manufacturers in the production of lawn mowers.
Thomas Green produced the first chain-driven mower in 1859. Manufacture
of lawn mowers began in the 1860s. By 1862, Farrabee's company was making
eight models in various roller sizes. He manufactured over 5000 machines until
production ceased in 1863. In 1870, Elwood McGuire of Richmond, Indiana
designed a human-pushed lawn mower, which was very lightweight and a
commercial success. John Burr patented an improved rotary-blade lawn mower in
1899, with the wheel placement altered for better performance. Amariah Hills
went on to found the Archimedean Lawn Mower Co. in 1871. Around 1900, one

of the best known English machines was the Ransomes' Automaton, available in
chain- or gear-driven models. JP Engineering of Leicester, founded after World
War I, produced a range of very popular chain driven mowers. About this time, an
operator could ride behind animals that pulled the large machines. These were the
first riding mowers.
The rise in popularity of lawn sports helped prompt the spread of the
invention. Lawn mowers became a more efficient alternative to the scythe and
domesticated grazing animals. James Sumner of Lancashire patented the first
steam-powered lawn mower in 1893. His machine burned petrol and/or kerosene
as fuel. After numerous advances, the machines were sold by the Stott Fertilizer
and Insecticide Company of Manchester and later, the Sumner's took over sales.
The company they controlled was called the Leyland Steam Motor Company.
Numerous manufacturers entered the field with gasoline-driven mowers after the
turn of the century. The first Multi Agri boxes were flat trays but took their present
shape in the 1860s. The roller-drive lawn mower has changed very little since
around 1930. Gang mowers, those with multiple sets of blades, were built in the
United States in 1919 by a Mister Worthington. His company was taken over by
the Jacobsen Corporation, but his name is still cast on the frames of their gang
units.

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS

CHAPTER III
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
3.1. INDUCTION MOTOR
INDUCTION MOTOR (IM)
An induction motor (IM) is a type of alternating current motor where power
is supplied to the rotating device by means of electromagnetic induction. It is also
called asynchronous motor.

An electric motor converts electrical power to mechanical power in its rotor

(rotating part). There are several ways to supply power to the rotor. In a DC motor
this power is supplied to the armature directly from a DC source, while in an

induction motor this power is induced in the rotating device. An induction motor is

sometimes called a rotating transformer because the stator (stationary part) is

essentially the primary side of the transformer and the rotor (rotating part) is the
secondary side. Induction motors are widely used, especially polyphase induction
motors, which are frequently used in industrial drives.
Induction motors are now the preferred choice for industrial motors due to
their rugged construction, absence of brushes (which are required in most DC
motors) and thanks to modern power electronics the ability to control the
speed of the motor.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION AND COMPARISON TO SYNCHRONOUS
MOTORS
The basic difference between an induction motor and a synchronous AC
motor is that in the latter a current is supplied onto the rotor. This then creates a
magnetic field which, through magnetic interaction, links to the rotating magnetic
field in the stator which in turn causes the rotor to turn. It is called synchronous
because at steady state the speed of the rotor is the same as the speed of the
rotating magnetic field in the stator.
By way of contrast, the induction motor does not have any direct supply
onto the rotor; instead, a secondary current is induced in the rotor. To achieve this,
stator windings are arranged around the rotor so that when energised with a
polyphase supply they create a rotating magnetic field pattern which sweeps past
the rotor. This changing magnetic field pattern induces current in the rotor

conductors. This current interacts with the rotating magnetic field created by the
stator and in effect causes a rotational motion on the rotor.
However, for these currents to be induced, the speed of the physical rotor
and the speed of the rotating magnetic field in the stator must be different, or else
the magnetic field will not be moving relative to the rotor conductors and no
currents will be induced. If by some chance this happens, the rotor typically slows
slightly until a current is re-induced and then the rotor continues as before. This
difference between the speed of the rotor and speed of the rotating magnetic field
in the stator is called slip. It is unit less and is the ratio between the relative speed
of the magnetic field as seen by the rotor (the slip speed) to the speed of the
rotating stator field. Due to this an induction motor is sometimes referred to as an
asynchronous machine.
CONSTRUCTION
The stator consists of wound 'poles' that carry the supply current to induce a
magnetic field that penetrates the rotor. In a very simple motor, there would be a
single projecting piece of the stator (a salient pole) for each pole, with windings
around it; in fact, to optimize the distribution of the magnetic field, the windings
are distributed in many slots located around the stator, but the magnetic field still
has the same number of north-south alternations. The number of 'poles' can vary
between motor types but the poles are always in pairs (i.e. 2, 4, 6, etc.).
Induction motors are most commonly built to run on single-phase or threephase power, but two-phase motors also exist. In theory, two-phase and more than

three phase induction motors are possible; many single-phase motors having two
windings and requiring a capacitor can actually be viewed as two-phase motors,
since the capacitor generates a second power phase 90 degrees from the singlephase supply and feeds it to a separate motor winding. Single-phase power is more
widely available in residential buildings, but cannot produce a rotating field in the
motor (the field merely oscillates back and forth), so single-phase induction
motors must incorporate some kind of starting mechanism to produce a rotating
field. They would, using the simplified analogy of salient poles, have one salient
pole per pole number; a four-pole motor would have four salient poles. Threephase motors have three salient poles per pole number, so a four-pole motor would
have twelve salient poles. This allows the motor to produce a rotating field,
allowing the motor to start with no extra equipment and run more efficiently than a
similar single-phase motor.
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF ROTOR
SQUIRREL-CAGE ROTOR
The most common rotor is a squirrel-cage rotor. It is made up of bars of either
solid copper (most common) or aluminum that span the length of the rotor, and are
connected through a ring at each end. The rotor bars in squirrel-cage induction
motors are not straight, but have some skew to reduce noise and harmonics.
SLIP RING ROTOR
A slip ring rotor replaces the bars of the squirrel-cage rotor with windings
that are connected to slip rings. When these slip rings are shorted, the rotor

behaves similarly to a squirrel-cage rotor; they can also be connected to resistors

to produce a high-resistance rotor circuit, which can be beneficial in starting
SOLID CORE ROTOR
A rotor can be made from solid mild steel. The induced current causes the
rotation.

3.2. SPUR GEAR

Spur gears have their teeth parallel to the axis and are used for transmitting
power between two parallel shafts. They are simple in construction, easy to
manufacture and cost less. They have highest efficiency and excellent precision
rating. They are used in high speed and high load application in all types of trains
and a wide range of velocity ratios. Hence, they find wide applications right from
clocks, household gadgets, motor cycles, automobiles, and railways to aircrafts.

3.3. CONTROL UNIT

Microcontroller is a computer on a chip. Micro suggests that the device is

small, and controller tells you that the device' might be used to control objects,
processes, or events. Another term to describe a microcontroller is embedded
controller, because the microcontroller and its support circuits are often built into,
or embedded in, the devices they control. It is temporary storage unit. A
microcontroller is a complete microprocessor system built on a single IC.
Microcontrollers were developed to meet a need for microprocessors to be put into
low cost products. Building a complete microprocessor system on a single chip
substantially reduces the cost of building simple products, which use the
microprocessor's power to implement their function, because the microprocessor is
a natural way to implement many products

DESIGN AND DRAWING

CHAPTER IV
DESIGN AND DRAWING

WORKING PRINCIPLE

CHAPTER V
WORKING PRINCIPLE

The below items are used in this equipment

Motor
Rotating Disc
Ram
Cutter

In our project we are using the multi agricultural cutter for

cutting the crops, sugarcane, wooden materials and etc. It consists of
simple manner and the used components are motor and rotating disc
arrangement. Here the motor is working using with the help of electric
power supply; on the motor shaft we have fixing the arrangement of
rotating disc. The rotating disc arrangements are running like a cam.
The cutters are fixed on the top of the ram arrangements. When we
switch ON the machine the motor start to rotate the cam
arrangements is shown in the figure. Here the rotary motion is
converted in to the linear motion by using simple mechanisms. The
linear motion ram is connected to the cutters as shown in fig, so that

the cutter moves upward and downward direction the cutting process
is carrying out through this machine.

MERITS & DEMERITS

CHAPTER VI
MERITS & DEMERITS
MERITS

The process is low cost

Quickly cutting process
It is very useful in the agricultural field

DE MERITS
It work at the time of giving power supply
Manpower need

APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER VII
APPLICATIONS

The cutting of crops, sugarcane, wooden pieces.

Applicable in agricultural field etc..,

LIST OF MATERIALS

CHAPTER VIII
LIST OF MATERIALS
FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS
The various factors which determine the choice of material are discussed
below.

1.PROPERTIES
The material selected must posses the necessary properties for the proposed
application. The various requirements to be satisfied
Can be weight, surface finish, rigidity, ability to withstand environmental
attack from chemicals, service life, reliability etc.

The following four types of principle properties of materials decisively

affect their selection
a. Physical
b. Mechanical
c. From manufacturing point of view
d. Chemical
The various physical properties concerned are melting point, thermal
Conductivity, specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific gravity,
electrical conductivity, magnetic purposes etc.
The various Mechanical properties Concerned are strength in tensile,

Compressive shear, bending, torsional and buckling load, fatigue resistance,

impact resistance, eleastic limit, endurance limit, and modulus of elasticity,
hardness, wear resistance and sliding properties.
The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of view are,
Cast ability
Weld ability
Surface properties
Shrinkage
Deep drawing etc.

2. MANUFACTURING CASE
Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface
qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may demand
the use of special materials.

3. QUALITY REQUIRED
This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the
material. For example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less number
of components which can be fabricated much more economically by welding or
hand forging the steel.

4. AVAILABILITY OF MATERIAL
Some materials may be scarce or in short supply, it then becomes obligatory
for the designer to use some other material which though may not be a perfect
substitute for the material designed. The delivery of materials and the delivery date
of product should also be kept in mind.

5. SPACE CONSIDERATION
Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces involved
are high and space limitations are there.

6. COST
As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material plays
an important part and should not be ignored.
Some times factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and non-maintenance
of the designed part are involved in the selection of proper materials.

LIST OF MATERIALS

SL. NO.
1
2
3
4
5

NAME OF THE PARTS

Base frame
Motor
Rotating disc
Cutter
Ram

MATERIAL
MS
Electric
MS
MS
MS

QUANTITY
1
1
1
1
1

COST ESTIMATION

CHAPTER IX
COST ESTIMATION

1. MATERIAL COST:

SL. NO.
1
2
3
4
5

NAME OF THE PARTS

Base frame
Motor
Rotating disc
Cutter
Ram

MATERIAL
MS
Electric
MS
MS
MS

QUANTITY
1
1
1
1
1

TOTAL

= 4050.00

2. LABOUR COST
Lathe, drilling, welding, drilling, power hacksaw, gas cutting cost
3. OVERGHEAD CHARGES
The overhead charges are arrived by manufacturing cost
Manufacturing Cost

= Material Cost + Labour Cost

= 4050.00 + 950
= Rs. 5000.00

Overhead Charges

= 20%of the manufacturing cost

4.TOTAL COST
Total cost

AMOUNT

= Material Cost +Labour Cost +Overhead Charges

= 4050.00 + 950.00 + 1000.00

= Rs. 6000.00
Total cost for this project

= Rs. 6000.00

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER X
CONCLUSION

This project is made with pre planning, that it provides flexibility in

operation. Easiest operation is obtained by the control unit in the MOTORISED
MULTI AGRI CUTTER

The comparative gain that can be accomplished is the utilization of motor

in control unit. This innovation has made the more desirable

This project MOTORIZED MULTI AGRI CUTTER is designed with the

hope that it is very much economical and help full to many agricultural areas.

This project helped us to know the periodic steps in completing a project

work. Thus we have completed the project successfully.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Design data book

-P.S.G.Tech.

2. Pneumatic handbook

-R.H.warrning

3. Machine tool design handbook

Central machine tool Institute,

Bangalore.

4. Strength of Materials

-R.S.Kurmi

5. Manufacturing Technology

-M.Haslehurst.

6. Design of machine elements

- R.S.Kurumi

PHOTOGRAPHY

PHOTOGRAPHY

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

While starting a small-scale industry the following points to be considered.

1.

To select an economical and technically feasible project.

2.

Select the most suitable location for industry.

3.

Follow the local rules and regulations for starting the industry.

4.

Apply for loans and others advance from banks and financial institution.

5.

Follows the formalities and procedure that need to be done for procuring
materials.

6.

Prepare the documents for getting loans.

7.

Selection and appointment of suitable personal for manufacturing the

product.

8.

Select the suitable machine tools and equipment for manufacture.

9.

Plan the layout of the factory in the most economical way.

10.

Select the correct procedure for selling.

11.

The required amount of electricity available.

The above points are discussed below:

1. Select an economically and technically feasible project:
In this type of project Multi Channel Remote Control are controlled by
using electronic devices. This type of remote control is less expensive and more
reliable compare to other type of methods.
2. Select most suitable location for the Industry:
The industry manufacturing the Multi Channel Remote Control. So the
industry is located near the industrial city or a town.
manufactured by the industry is quick made to sell.

Hence, remote are

On the other hand the

electronic components and the other accessories are easily purchases from the near
town or city. Further the land price should be less.
3. Follow the Formalities and Procedures that need to be done for Procuring
the Material:
After receiving the quotation of the price of various items required for
manufacture they are inspected and they are directly procured from them.
Materials such as IC chips and other electronic components are purchased in bulk
quantity from wholesale merchant nearer to the industry. The other miscellaneous
materials like wires, soldering irons, leads etc., are purchases in bulk from a
dealer.

4.

Apply for Loans and Other Advances from Bank and Financial

institutions:
One of the essential requirements for self employment venture is capital
with the nationalization of major commercial banks the credit to small scale
industries is made available on priority.
The bank primarily looks to the soundness of your proposed point for
applying the loan for a small scale industry as given below.
1.

Should have personal knowledge either of the techniques of production

management of the particular industry.

2.

From time to time the government of India notices list of small scale
industries which are to be discouraged.

3.

Ensure scope and demand for the product.

4.

Continuous supply of raw materials should be ensured.

5.

Never to start the unit without adequate investment. At the time of starting
the unit we should have sufficient money for starting and running the unit.

6.

Much thought will have to be given by us to where to locate theMulti Agri.

Electricity, raw materials and skilled workers should be available nearby.

7.

Before we finalize our arrangement for starting the unit, we have to get the
place approved by the corporation, municipality or panchayat authorities.

8.

The book will help us with finance but we will have to bear a part of the
finance.

9.

Normally the book provide assistance to small scale industries in the form
of:
aMedium term loans:
These are repayable within a period of 5 to 7 years in installment basis and
are granted for the purchase of land, constructions of factory buildings, purchasing
of machinery and for expansion. The security of the loans will be fixed on assets
of our concern, new machinery or equipment acquired for the loan.
b) Short term advances:
These are repayable on demand and are renewable. Advances both against
raw materials and finished goods, generally 70% to 80% of the value of good is
given as advance.
c)

When a small industrial unit supplies goods to a Government, semi

Government of other reputed firms, supply bills are discounted by the bank.
d) When large orders have been secured by a small industrial unit, and are
required money to buy new materials, to employ and pay wages to additional
workers, clear advances up to a responsible extent are made by the bank in
deserving cases.

5.Margin Money:
No margin is to be maintained for loans up to Rs.25, 000/- for loans over
Rs.25, 000/- a margin of 15% may be stipulated, depending on the purpose and
term of the loan.
6.Preparation of documents:
For composite loans up to Rs.25, 000/- given to cottage and village
industries. Banks may have a security pledge, Collective security or third party
guarantee should not be taken. The same security applicable to credit limits up to
and inclusive of Rs.25,000/- given to other small scale industries, while for limits
over Rs.25,000/- banks may obtain security as determined by them on the merits
of each case. For advances for over Rs.25, 000/- collective security is inadequate.
1. Selection of Employees:
a. In order to assist the industry to manufacture the product the
following
personals are selected.
2. Electronic Engineers:
An Electronic Engineer with B>E qualification is selected after his
interview and looking at his experience. He has to supervise the entire work that
is done in the industry.

8. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS USED ARE:

1. Soldering iron.
2. De-solder.
3. Screwdriver
4. Cutting pliers.
5. Nose pliers.
These are all purchased from reputed stores.
9. Marketing:
The manufactured goods are marked either directly or through organized
corporations like SIDCO etc.
10. List of the Industrial Finance Corporation:
Source like,
a.

District Industries Centre (DIC)

b. Small Industries Service Institute (SISI)

c.

Government of India leather finishing centre.

d. Tamil Nadu Industrial Investment Corporation Ltd. (TTIC)

e.

State Bank of India.

f.

Canara Bank.

In order to allot the development of poles and sheds in industrial estates,

Small scale industries must contact the Tamil Nadu Small Industries Development
Corporation Limited.