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Self-excited dc exciter
The block diagram of Fig. 8.26 also applies to the selfexcited dc exciter. The value of KE, however, is now
equal to Ref/Rg-1 as compared to Ref/Rg for the
separately excited case.
The station operators usually track the voltage
regulator by periodically adjusting the rheostat
setpoint so as to make the voltage regulator output
zero. This is accounted for by selecting the value of
KE so that the initial value of VR is equal to zero. The
parameter KE is therefore not fixed, but varies with
the operating condition.
Representation:
System equation:
Limiting action:
Representation:
System equation:
Limiting action:
Figure 8.40: IEEE type DC1A excitation system model. IEEE 1991[8]
The type DC1A exciter model represents field controlled dc
communtator exciters, with continuously acting voltage
regulators. The exciter may be separately excited or self
excited, the latter type being more common. When self
excited, KE is selected so that initially VR=0, representing
operator action of tracking the voltage regulator by
periodically trimming the shunt field rheostat set point.
Figure 8.41: IEEE type AC1A excitation system model. IEEE 1991[8]
The type AC1A exciter model represents a field controlled
alternator excitation system with non-controlled rectifiers,
applicable to a brushless excitation system. The diode rectifier
characteristic imposes a lower limit of zero on the exciter
output voltage. The exciter field supplied by a pilot exciter,
and the voltage regulator power supply is not affected by
external transients.
Figure 8.43: IEEE type ST1A excitation system model IEEE 1991 [8]
Modeling of Limiters
Standard models do not include limiting circuits;
these do not come into play under normal
conditions
These are, however, important for long-term
and voltage stability studies
Implementation of these circuits varies widely
models have to be established on a case by
case basis
Figure 8.47 shows as an example the model of a
field current limiter