Effect of fiber orientation on properties of

composite material
Hitesh C. Rana
150090709017

Guided by:
Dr. Chaitanya K. Desai
Associate Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
C.K.Pithawalla College of Engineering and Technology
Surat-395007

Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Outline
1

Introduction

Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites

Strength domination of fibers
Variation of properties with fiber orientation angle

Effect of Fiber Orientation

On fracture load
On fracture path
On Youngs modulus
Influence of Manufacturing
On Impact strength

Summary

References

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Introduction
I

Composite
I

A composite material can be defined as a combination of a matrix and

a reinforcement, which when combined gives properties superior to the
properties of the individual components.

The matrix, normally a form of resin, keeps the reinforcement in the

desired orientation. It protects the reinforcement from chemical and environmental attack, and it bonds the reinforcement so that applied loads can
be effectively transferred.

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

In the case of a composite, the reinforcement is the fibers and is used to fortify
the matrix in terms of strength and stiffness.

The reinforcement fibers can be cut, aligned, placed in different ways to affect
the properties of the resulting composite.

In composite material generally matrix is isotropic material and fiber is

anisotropic materail. Combination of these two makes composite anisotropic.

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Defects in Manufactured Polymer Composites

I

incorrect state of resin cure, especially that resulting from variations in local
exotherm temperatures in thick or complex sections during autoclaving

incorrect overall fibre volume fraction

misaligned or broken fibres

non-uniform fibre distribution, with resultant matrix-rich regions

pores or voids in matrix-rich regions

disbonded interlaminar regions

resin cracks or transverse ply cracks resulting from thermal mismatch stresses

local bond failures in adhesively bonded composite components

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Strength domination of fibers

I

Simple rule of mixture

I

for longitudinal elastic modulus,

E1 = Ec = Ef Vf + Em (1 Vf )

for transverse elastic modulus,

E2 = Et =

Figure 1: Local Coordinates

Hitesh C. Rana (CKPCET)

Ef Em
Em Vf + Ef (1 Vf )

Figure 2: E vs Vf

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Variation of properties with fiber orientation angle

I

Variation of Ex with ,
Ex =

E1

 
E1
E1
212 n2 m2 +
n4
G12
E2

E2

 
E2
E2
2
2
n4
221 n m +
G12
E1

m4 +
I

Variation of Ey with ,
Ey =
m4 +

Figure 3: Extensional modulus vs

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Variation of xy with ,

E1
E1
12 (n + m ) 1 +

n2 m 2
E2
G12


 
=
E1
E1
m4 +
212 n2 m2 +
n2
G12
E2
4

xy

Variation of yx with ,

E2
E2
n2 m 2
21 (n + m ) 1 +

E1
G12


 
=
E2
E2
m4 +
221 n2 m2 +
n2
G12
E1
4

yx

Figure 4: Poissions ratio vs

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Variation of Gxy with ,

Gxy =

G12

2G
2G12
12
n2 + m2 + 2
(1 + 212 ) +
1 n2 m2
E1
E2


Figure 5: Shear modulus vs

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Effect of Fiber Orientation

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Effect on fracture load

I

The fracture load decreases with increasing the fiber orientation angle.

Figure 6: Variation of fracture load with fiber angle

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Effect on fracture path

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Crack always follows the path parallel to fiber direction.

Figure 7: Crack path

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Effect on Youngs modulus

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A U-shaped dependency of the Youngs modulus of composites on the

inclined angle of fiber is found.

Figure 8: Experimental results

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Influence of Manufacturing
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The tensile strength will be affected by the resin content. This may be the
cause of the difference in resin content during the curing process even though
the composite laminate was prepared using the same ratio of fiber.

Figure 9: Stress vs Strain

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Effect on Impact strength

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Highest impact strength can be achieved by anisotropic arrangement.

Figure 10: Impact strength for various fiber arrangement

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Summary
I

As the angle of fiber orientation with the loading direction increases, the
load required to fracture the composite reduces.

Fiber angle affects the fracture of composite as it can be seen that crack
always follows the easiest path, which is the interface. So, most of the time
crack travels parallel to the fiber. As the path of crack is known to us, so
we can make some arrangement to arrest it.

Distributing the fibers in anisotropic manner increases the impact strength

of the material.

Composites made with different manufacturing method having same fiber

orientation will have different strength and stiffness.

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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Referances I
M. O. Kaman, Effect of fiber orientation on fracture toughness of
laminated composite plates [0o /o ]s , Engineering Fracture Mechanics,
vol. 78, no. 13, pp. 2521 2534, 2011.
I. M. Daniel and O. Ishai, Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials.
Oxford University Press, 1994.
S. R. Dyer, L. V. Lassila, M. Jokinen, and P. K. Vallittu, Effect of fiber
position and orientation on fracture load of fiber-reinforced composite,
Dental Materials, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 947 955, 2004.
K. Tanaka, T. Kitano, and N. Egami, Effect of fiber orientation on
fatigue crack propagation in short-fiber reinforced plastics, Engineering
Fracture Mechanics, vol. 123, pp. 44 58, 2014.
Multiaxial Fracture 2013.
H. Wang, H. Zhou, L. Gui, H. Ji, and X. Zhang, Analysis of effect of
fiber orientation on youngs modulus for unidirectional fiber reinforced
composites, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 56, pp. 733 739, 2014.
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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Referances II
A. Tezvergil, L. V. Lassila, and P. K. Vallittu, The effect of fiber
orientation on the thermal expansion coefficients of fiber-reinforced
composites, Dental Materials, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 471 477, 2003.
N. Ghamarian, M. A. Hanim, P. Penjumras, and D. Majid, Effect of fiber
orientation on the mechanical properties of laminated polymer
composites, Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 2016.
C. K. Yong, Y. C. Ching, C. H. Chuah, and N.-S. Liou, Effect of fiber
orientation on mechanical properties of kenaf-reinforced polymer
composite, Bioresources, 2015.
B.D.Agarwal and L.J.Broutman, Analysis and Performance of Fiber
Composites.
Wiley India.
B. Harris, Engineering Composite Materials.
The Institute of Materials, London, 1999.
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Introduction Elastic Properties of Fiber Composites Effect of Fiber Orientation Summary References

Referances III

H.W.Hyer, Stress Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials.

McGraw-Hills International Editions, 1998.

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