DRILLING HYDRAULIC

Pressure Losses

P1 = Surface Connection

P2 = Drill Pipe

P3 = Drill Collars

P4 = Annulus Drill Collars Hole

P5 = A
Annulus
l Pi
Pipe Hole
H l

Pb = Drill Bit

Depends on equipment being used!

Pressure Loss in Surface Connection

(P1)

Surface Connection Losses:

Pressure Loss Inside Pipe (P2 & P3) &

Pressure Loss In Annulus (P4 & P5)

Flow in an oil well

1.

Laminar Flow

2
2.

Turbulent Flow

3.

Transitional Flow
Reynolds
y
Number indicate the type
yp of flow!

Rheological Model

Bingham Plastic Model

Bingham Plastic Model

Pressure Loss Inside Pipe

Pressure Loss In Annulus

Power Law Model

10

Power Law Model

Pressure Loss Inside Pipe
p

11

Power Law Model

Pressure Loss In Annulus

12

Pressure Loss Across Bit (Pb)

13

P
Pressure
Losses
L
A
Across Bit

TFA

14

Exercise

15

la
w

16

17

P1 ((Surface Connection Losses))

P2 ((Pressure Losses Inside 5DP))

Bingham Plastic
V > Vc -> Turbulent Flow

P2
P2

18

P3 ((Pressure Losses Inside 8 DC))

Bingham Plastic

V > Vc
V ->
> Turbulent
T b l t Flow
Fl

19

P4 ((Pressure Losses In Annulus Around 8

DC), Bingham Plastic

V < Vc -> Laminar Flow

20

P5 ((Pressure Losses In Annulus Around 5

DP), Bingham Plastic

Annulus Casing 5DP,

Pressure Loss = P5a

Annulus OH 5DP,
Pressure Loss = P5b

21

P5a, Bingham
g
Plastic

V < Vc -> Laminar Flow

P5a
22

P5b, Bingham
g
Plastic

V < Vc -> Laminar Flow

P5b
23

P5 ((Pressure Losses In Annulus Around 5

DP), Bingham Plastic

Annulus Casing 5DP,

Pressure Loss = P5a

Annulus OH 5DP,
Pressure Loss = P5b

P5 = P5a + P5b = 21 + 35 = 56
psi
24

25

Pb ((Pressure Loss Across Bit))

Nozzle Velocity
y

Total Flow Area (TFA)

TFA

26

Nozzle Size

Cutting Transport

Engineered through mud lifting capacity.

Fluid density, viscosity, type of flow
Hole g
geometry
y (p
(pipe
p annulus - hole size,, well
inclination, dogleg)
Cutting
g density,
y, shape
p and diameter
Pipe rotation, eccentricity

To drill efficiently then cutting generated from

drill bit must be removed immediately!
27

Hole Cleaning

Efficient hole cleaning depends on the mud

ability to suspend & lift the cutting.
Inefficient hole cleaning will lead us to a lot of
problems, such as:

28

Slow ROP decreasing bit life

Cutting bed Pipe stuck
Hole pack off - Pipe stuck
Increase in annular density mud loss

Mud properties fit in purpose &

sufficient annular velocity to be provided!!

Slip Velocity

Transitional Flow:

Turbulent Flow:

Constant
C
t t velocity
l it (zero
(
acceleration)
l
ti )
when cutting fall through mud
29

Transport Velocity

Efficient hole cleaning: Va > Vs

30

Cutting Concentration

Ca should be less than 5%

31

Exercise

Use P
U
Power L
Law
Model!
Flow Type: Transition

32

33

Transitional Flow Equation:

34

35

What is the cutting concentration, if ROP = 40

ft/hr?

36

What is the maximum ROP to maintain good

hole cleaning
g with 5% cutting
g concentration?

37