011- OMO312010 BSC6000 GSM V9R8C12 Handover Problem Analysis ISSUE1 - 01-Edited (兼容模式)

Case Analysis
Handover
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
References
l
BSC Counter Reference(V900R008C12)
BSS KPI Reference(V900R008C12)

Page2
Objectives
l
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

p
Understand the Measurement Points and Performance

Index of handover
Analyze, locate and solve handover problems

Page3
Contents
1. Handover Process Flow
2. Analysis of Handover Problem
3. Handover Cases

Page4
Handover Process Flow

MSC2
Search target
cell7
Handover
judgement4
BSC1
MSC1
Inter-MSC H.O
8
CGI6
H.O request7
BTS1
BA2 table1
MS
Channel active
5
Preprocessed MR
3
BSC2
BTS2
MR2

Page5
Contents
3. Handover Cases

Page6
Analysis of Handover Problem

l
Types of handover problems
Locating handover problem
Causes of handover problem

Page7
Types of Handover Problems

l
Types Possible Results

p
No handover Result in call drop
Handover failure Affect the conversation quality, and call

drop
Frequent handover Affect the conversation quality and

increase load of the system

Page8
Method of Locating Handover Problem

l
Traffic statistics analysis

p
Handover Failure/Attempt/Success Measurement per BSC
Incoming/Outgoing Internal/External Inter-Cell Handover Measurement per

Cell
GSM Cell to GSM Cell Incoming/Outgoing Handover Measurement
Neighbor Cell Level Measurement per Cell
View alarm
p
Board fault, transmission, clock, etc.
Drive test
Signaling analysis
p
Abis interface, A interface, E interface

Page9
Causes of Handover Problem

l
Coverage
Interference
Antenna and feeder system
BTS hardware
Transmission
BSC hardware
Data Configuration
A interface
Target cell congestion
Cooperation with equipment of other manufacturers

Page10
Problem in Coverage and Interference

p
Coverage
n
Poor coverage: forest, complicated topography, building direction

and indoor coverage
Isolated site: no adjacent cell
Over shooting: island effect result in no adjacent cell
Interference
n
MS can not access network or receive any signal.

Page11
Island Effect Results in Handover

Failure
There is no
adjacent cell, so
handover becomes
impossible.
Non-adjacent
cell
Adjacent
cell N1
Service cell
Non-adjacent
Adjacent
cell
Cell N2
Non-adjacent
Adjacent
cell
Cell N3
Isolated island
resulting from
over shooting

Page12
Problem in Antenna and Feeder System

p
High Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
Antenna is not properly installed
Antenna is not parallel
The azimuth and downtilt are not correct
Poor antenna isolation value
RF cables, connectors are loose or incorrect

Page13
Problem in BTS Hardware

p
RFU, splitter/combiner failure
TRX failure
DTMU failure
Clock failure
Internal communication cable failure

Page14
Problem in Transmission and BSC Hardware

l
Transmission
p
Transmission is not stable
Serious BER in transmission
Fault of BSC Hardware

p
Clock board: the faulty clock board causes clock

inconsistency between base stations.

Page15
Problem in Data Configuration

p
Unsuitable setting of handover hysteresis and handover

priority.
Unsuitable frequency and adjacent relationship configured

in BA1/BA2 table
CGI, BCCH and BSIC in "External Cell Description Table" are

different from those in corresponding BSC.
The DPC of BSC in MSC "LAI and GCI Table" is incorrect.

Page16
Problem in A Interface and Target

Cell
l
A interface problem
p
Basically, the insufficient link resource results in the

abnormal handover, as well as abnormal communication.
Circuit pool numbers are different ,causing the handover

failure.
Target cell congestion

p
The target cell is congested, which causes the handover

failure. Then the target cell should be expanded or reduce
its traffic .

Page17
Problem in Cooperation between manufactures

l
Handover between equipment of different manufacturers

p
The signalings at A interface, E interface of the opposite

equipment dont matched with our equipment and can not
be recognized or supported, which causes the handover
failure, such as voice version, handover number, addressing
mode (CGI or LAI).

Page18
Contents
3. Handover Cases

Page19
Handover Case 1
l
Fault Description
p
A subscriber complains that the signal in a place on his way to

office is not good. Call drops occurs several times when he drives
his car. The phenomenon is that the conversation is suddenly
interrupted. The handset signal bar indicates no signal, and then
normal again after several seconds.

Page20
Handover Case 1
l
Analysis
p
Neighbor cell relationship
Isolated island effect
Geographical factors of buildings and mountains result in the

weak signal
The signal of a cell suddenly fades drastically due to buildings
BTS equipment or intermittent transmission

Page21
Handover Case 1
l
Solution
p
Via DT, it shows that the signal of several cells is
strong and is -70 to -80 dBm, so it is unlikely

that the problem is caused by bad signal.
p
A
2
We obtain further information from the
B
3
subscriber and know that the driver at that time

drive very fast. Therefore it supposed that this
problem may occur under high speed movement.
Then perform drive test again under high speed
for several times and the call drop recurs.

Page22
Handover Cases 1
l
Solution
p
Cell 1 of BTS C is far away from cell 3 of BTS D

and the two cells are not defined as neighbor
cells. Thus an isolated island is generated,
handover cannot be performed, and call drop

arises. The special thing about this isolated island
A
2
effect is that it occurs at high speed. Therefore
troubleshooting is difficult.
p
After a neighbor relation is added, this problem is

solved. On the other hand, because this problem
occurs due to insufficient time to hand over, the
handover decision time is reduced so that the
handover can happen timely.

Page23
Handover Cases 2
l
Fault Description
p
This case occurs during the drive test at a new site.
Even when the receive level of serving cell B is higher than the recei
ve level of neighboring cell M, handover is triggered from cell B to c
ell M.

Page24
Handover Cases 2
l
Analysis
p
The possible causes of the handover from a cell with a higher level t
o a cell with a lower level cell are as follows:
1 The handover is emergency handover due to the heavy load or lo
w quality of the original cell with the higher level.
2. The priority of the cell with the higher level is lower than the prio
rity of the cell with the lower level.

Page25
Handover Cases 2
l
Solution
p
Analyze the drive test data and find that the downlink receive qualit
y and level of the serving cell are normal. Thus, the handover is not
associated with the downlink receive quality and level.
Check the data configurations and find that the handover due to he
avy load is disabled. Thus, the handover is not due to heavy load.

Page26
Handover Cases 2
l
Solution
p
Check the priority settings of the cells. The result shows that cell B is at lev
el 2 on layer 3 and that cell M is at level 1 on layer 3. Check the inter-layer
handover threshold and hysteresis. The result shows that the interlayer handover threshold is 20 and that the interlayer handover hysteresis is 5. Thus, when the receive level of cell M is hig
her than -85 dBm, handover is initiated from cell B to cell M.
Modify the priority level of cell B to level 1. In this way, the cells are at the
same priority level. The handover problem is solved.

Page27
Handover Cases 3
l
Fault Description
p
At a suburban area in city A, Huawei BTS3012 M-2 cell,

incoming handover success rate lower than 70%, the number of
incoming handover failures at busy hours is greater than 35.

Page28
Handover Cases 3
l
Analysis
p
p
The hardware such as clock board is checked and no problem is found.

Register the traffic measurement of the cell incoming handover, it is found
that most of the handover failures occur from the external N-1 cell of the
BTS of company S.
The field drive test shows that in times of handover failure, there occurs a
neighbor frequency in the neighbor cell frequency list. It is suspected that
the handover failures are caused by downlink inter-frequency interference.
We trace and analyze the handover failure signaling and finds that
sometimes the handover failures occur when the MS receives the handover
command and sends access pulses to the target cell and sometimes the
handover failures occur when the MS reports the SABM frame.

Page29
Handover Cases 3
l
Solution
p
Therefore the conclusion is that the MS fails to correctly decode

the physical message due to the downlink inter-frequency
interference, or the MS fails to receive the UA frame from the
target cell, resulting in handover failure.
The cell frequency is planned again and is changed from 113 to

121. The problem is solved.

Page30
Handover Cases 3
l
Handling Procedure
p
The BTS hardware alarms are checked.
The cell incoming handover traffic measurement is registered.
Drive test to trace the signaling.
The cell frequency is modified.
The traffic measurement is checked and it is confirmed that the number of

incoming handover failures decreases and the incoming handover success
rate reaches 92%.
Suggestion and Summary

p
The downlink interference is not represented in the interference band and

the range affected by the partial downlink interference is small. We may
miss the faulty place during the drive test due to selection of the drive
route. It is desirable to perform careful drive test on the abnormal cells.

Page31
Handover Cases 4
l
Fault Description
p
One BSC6900 has very low HO attempt & during many drive
test no HO at all.
KPI indicate that there is very low HO attempt with good

success rate.
From Drive test using TEMS, we found out Missing Neighbor

Detection message appears in neighbor list when MS still try
to make HO to serving cell.
The figure below and the corresponding KPI statistics table is

presented as below.
Corresponding
KPI Statistics Table

Page32
Handover Cases 4

Page33
Handover Cases 4
l
Analysis
p
Neighbors cell configuration is incorrect
Data configuration has some problem, such as NCC Permitted

Page34
Handover Cases 4
l
Solution
p
Compared with other BSC, found out the handover attempts are less
than other BSCs even under the same condition.
Checked the neighbor cell configuration, for some cells, there were
some neighboring cells missing, but after adding, the problem still
existed.
Checked "NCC permitted" , we found that the configuration in the

problem BSC is set to be 11110000, that is, enabling NCC 4~7
handover while disabling NCC0~3, but the neighboring cells' NCC is
0~3.
Changed NCC Permitted to be 11111111, the problem is solved.

Page35
Handover Cases 4
l
Suggestions and Summary:

p
NCC Permitted parameter is an important parameter to impact

on handover but always been neglected, and if the similar
phenomenon happened, this is a clue to solve this problem.

Page36
Handover Cases 5
l
Fault Description
p
Huawei BTSs belong to Huawei BSC independently are inserted into a

GSM900 network. After the cutover, the user complains that Huawei BTS
handover is not good and that the BSC outgoing handover success rate is
below 85%. The drive test shows that the serving cell is Huawei cell A and
that then drive toward cell B. The receiving level of cell A is -80 dBm (no
downlink power control), while the receiving level of the neighbor cell B of
another BSC is -60 dBm. Handover does not happen until MS passes across
the cell B.
Non-Huawei BSC
Huawei BSC
No handover for
a long time
-80dBm
-60dBm
Huawei
Cell A
Cell B
Page37
Handover Cases 5
l
Analysis
p
The reason that the receiving level of the neighbor cell is strong
enough to prevent handover is as follows:
n
The BA2 table has the BCCH frequency of cell B but the handover
data, including parameters such as external cell CGI, BCCH, BSIC,
and "whether co-MSC are wrong.
Congestion of cell B results in no handover.
Other parameters are set incorrectly, resulting in no handover.

Page38
Handover Cases 5
l
Solution
p
Drive test shows that handover does not happen. To verify reasonableness
of the data, test MS is used to perform the forced handover. Handover
succeeds.
The traffic statistic of the non-Huawei BSCs is checked and confirm that
there is no congestion in the target cell B.
Via drive test, it is found that all the new cells of Huawei BSC have this
problem. It is suspected that the problem is caused by a common parameter.
The traffic measurement is analyzed and it is found that no PBGT handover

happens in the new BSC, while only edge handover happens when the edge
handover condition is satisfied, resulting in serious handover delay.

Page39
Handover Cases 5
l
Solution
p
One of PBGT handover condition is target cell must be the first position in
the 16bit criterion. If Co-BSC/MSC Adj is set to YES, the cells that do not
in the same BSC/MSC are sorted at the last positions. Therefore the PBGT
handover of the BSC outgoing handover does not happen. After CoBSC/MSC Adj is set to NO, the problem persists.
The data is further checked and it is found that the default parameter
configuration shows that internal cells of Huawei BSC are "layer 3, priority
1" and the external cells are "layer 3, priority 2". Because PBGT handover
only happens at the same layer and the same priority, the default
configuration does not trigger PBGT handover.
After changing all internal cells priority of Huawei BSC from 1 to 2, it

shows that PBGT handover happens by analyzing the traffic measurement.
Drive test shows that BSC outgoing handover is not delayed.

Page40
Handover Cases 5
l
Suggestion and Summary

p
Note that the following two default parameters need to be

modified in the BTS and BSC insertion plan
1. Set Co-BSC/MSC Adj to NO
2. If there is no requirement for traffic balance, set the layer and priority of
the internal cells and external cells to the same layer and the same
priority.

Page41
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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Case Analysis

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com

BSC Counter Reference(V900R008C12)

BSS KPI Reference(V900R008C12)

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Understand the Measurement Points and Performance

Analyze, locate and solve handover problems

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Handover Process Flow

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Analysis of Handover Problem

Types of handover problems

Locating handover problem

Causes of handover problem

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Types of Handover Problems

Types Possible Results

No handover Result in call drop

Handover failure Affect the conversation quality, and call

Frequent handover Affect the conversation quality and

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Method of Locating Handover Problem

Traffic statistics analysis

Handover Failure/Attempt/Success Measurement per BSC

Incoming/Outgoing Internal/External Inter-Cell Handover Measurement per

GSM Cell to GSM Cell Incoming/Outgoing Handover Measurement

Neighbor Cell Level Measurement per Cell

Board fault, transmission, clock, etc.

Abis interface, A interface, E interface

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Causes of Handover Problem

Antenna and feeder system

Target cell congestion

Cooperation with equipment of other manufacturers

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Problem in Coverage and Interference

Poor coverage: forest, complicated topography, building direction

Isolated site: no adjacent cell

Over shooting: island effect result in no adjacent cell

MS can not access network or receive any signal.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Island Effect Results in Handover

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Problem in Antenna and Feeder System

High Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

Antenna is not properly installed

Antenna is not parallel

The azimuth and downtilt are not correct

Poor antenna isolation value

RF cables, connectors are loose or incorrect

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Problem in BTS Hardware

RFU, splitter/combiner failure

Internal communication cable failure

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Problem in Transmission and BSC Hardware

Transmission is not stable

Serious BER in transmission

Fault of BSC Hardware