QUESTION 3

A. NATURAL BREAKS CLASSIFICATION

1. Sorting the data in ascending order

2. Determine the number of classes, C

C = log N / log 2 ; N is total of data

= log 29 / log 2

= 4.64 ≈ 5 classes

3. Determine the differences and select the five largest as the classes limit.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURES IN JANUARY AND JULY

IN THE CAPITALS OF THE EU COUNTRIES (NATURAL BREAKS)

JANUARY JULY
NO CTRY CAPITAL TEMP DIFF CLASS NO CTRY CAPITAL TEMP DIFF CLASS
1 LT VILNIUS -11 1 1 IRL DUBLIN 20 1
2 LV RIGA -10 -1 2 EST TALLINN 20 0
3 EST TALLINN -10 0
4 FIN HELSINKI -9 -1 3 GB LONDON 22 -2 2
4 FIN HELSINKI 22 0
5 PL WARSAW -6 -3 2 5 DK COPENHAGEN 22 0
6 S STOCKHOLM -5 -1 6 LV RIGA 22 0
7 CZ PRAGUE -5 0 7 S STOCKHOLM 22 0
8 A VIENNA -4 -1 8 NL AMSTERDAM 22 0
9 H BUDAPEST -4 0 9 LT VILNIUS 23 -1
10 SLO LJUBLJANA -4 0 10 L LUXEMBORG 23 0
11 SK BRATISLAVA -3 -1 11 CZ PRAGUE 23 0
12 D BERLIN -3 0 12 B BRUSSELS 23 0
13 DK COPENHAGEN -2 -1
14 B BRUSSELS -1 -1 13 D BERLIN 24 -1 3
15 L LUXEMBORG -1 0 14 PL WARSAW 24 0
16 NL AMSTERDAM -1 0 15 A VIENNA 25 -1
16 F PARIS 25 0
17 F PARIS 1 -2 3 17 SK BRATISLAVA 26 -1
18 IRL DUBLIN 1 0 18 SLO LJUBLJANA 27 -1
19 GB LONDON 2 -1 19 P LISBON 27 0
20 E MADRID 2 0
20 H BUDAPEST 28 -1 4
21 CY NICOSIA 5 -3 4 21 M VALETTA 29 -1
22 I ROME 5 0 22 I ROME 30 -1
23 GR ATHENS 6 -1 23 E MADRID 31 -1
24 GR ATHENS 33 -2
24 P LISBON 8 -2 5
25 M VALETTA 10 -2 25 CY NICOSIA 37 -4 5
4. Determine the classes’ interval.

CLASS INTERVAL OF THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURES IN JANUARY AND JULY

IN THE CAPITALS OF THE EU COUNTRIES (NATURAL BREAKS)

CLASS JANUARY JULY

CLASS 1 -11 to -9 20 to 21
CLASS 2 -6 to -1 22 to 23
CLASS 3 1 to 2 24 to 27
CLASS 4 5 to 6 28 to 33
CLASS 5 8 to 10 34 to 37
 18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
TALLINN 20 VILNIUS -11
DUBLIN 20 RIGA -10
COPENHAGEN 22 TALLINN -10
HELSINKI 22 HELSINKI -9
LONDON 22 WARSAW -6

RIGA 22 PRAGUE -5
5. Construct the graphs

AMSTERDAM 22 STOCKHOLM -5

STOCKHOLM 22 VIENNA -4

BRUSSELS 23 BUDAPEST -4

PRAGUE 23 LJUBLJANA -4

LUXEMBORG 23 BERLIN -3

VILNIUS 23 BRATISLAVA -3

BERLIN 24 COPENHAGEN -2

WARSAW 24 AMSTERDAM -1

VIENNA 25 BRUSSELS -1

PARIS 25 LUXEMBORG -1

BRATISLAVA 26 DUBLIN 1

LISBON 27 PARIS 1

LJUBLJANA 27 LONDON 2

BUDAPEST 28 MADRID 2

VALLETTA 29 NICOSIA 5
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES IN THE CAPITALS OF EU COUNTRIES IN JULY (°C) (NATURAL BREAKS)

ROME 30 ROME 5
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES IN THE CAPITALS OF EU COUNTRIES IN JANUARY (°°C) (NATURAL BREAKS)

MADRID 31 ATHENS 6

ATHENS 33 LISBON 8

NICOSIA 37 VALLETTA 10
B. EQUAL INTERVAL CLASSIFICATION

1. Sorting the data in ascending order

2. Determine the number of classes

Number of classes, C = log N / log 2 ; N is total of data

= log 25 / log 2

= 4.64 ≈ 5 classes

3. Determine the Interval

AVERAGE TEMPERATURES IN JANUARY AND JULY IN THE CAPITALS OF THE EU COUNTRIES

(EQUAL INTERVAL)

JANUARY JULY
  
   

Interval = Interval =


 


X; Variable used to show data value X; Variable used to show data value
max; maximum value = 10 max; maximum value = 37
min; minimum value = -11 min; minimum value = 20
n; number of classes =5 n; number of classes =5
     
Interval = = Interval = =
@   @  
Interval = 1.4 Interval = 1.133
 4. Determine the class limit based on the calculated interval

AVERAGE TEMPERATURES IN JANUARY AND JULY IN THE CAPITALS OF THE EU COUNTRIES

(EQUAL INTERVAL)

CLASS FORMULA CALCULATION FOR CALCULATION FOR

A; minimum value JANUARY JULY
X; Interval A = - 11, X = 1.4 A = 20, X = 1.133
1 A – (A + x) = -11 – (-11 + 1.4) = 20 – (20 + 1.133)
= 1.4 = 1.133
2 (A + x) - (A + 3x) = (-11 + 1.4) – (-11 + 3(1.4)) = (20 + 1.133) – (20 + 3(1.133))
= -2.8 = -2.266
3 (A + 3x) - (A + 6x) = (-11 + 3(1.4)) – (-11 + 6(1.4)) = (20 + 3(1.133)) – (20 + 6(1.133))
= -4.2 = -3.399
4 (A + 6x) - (A + 10x) = (-11 + 6(1.4)) – (-11 + 10(1.4)) = (20 + 6(1.133)) – (20 + 10(1.133))
= -5.6 = -4.532
5 (A + 10x) - (A + 15x) = (-11 + 10(1.4)) – (-11 + 15(1.4)) = (20 + 10(1.133)) – (20 + 15(1.133))
= -7 = -5.665

JANUARY JULY
CLASS CLASS LIMIT INTERVAL CLASS CLASS LIMIT INTERVAL
CLASS 1 -11 TO -9.6 1.4 CLASS 1 20 TO 21.133 1.133
CLASS 2 -9.6 TO -6.8 -2.8 CLASS 2 21.133 TO 23.399 2.266
CLASS 3 -6.8 TO -2.6 -4.2 CLASS 3 23.399 TO 26.798 -3.399
CLASS 4 -2.6 TO 3 -5.6 CLASS 4 26.798 TO 31.33 -4.532
CLASS 5 3 TO 10 -7 CLASS 5 31.33 TO 37 -5.665
 AVERAGE TEMPERATURES IN JANUARY AND JULY IN THE CAPITALS OF THE EU COUNTRIES
(EQUAL INTERVAL)

JANUARY JULY
NO CTRY CAPITAL TEMP CLASS NO CTRY CAPITAL TEMP CLASS
1 LT VILNIUS -11 1 1 IRL DUBLIN 20 1
2 LV RIGA -10 2 EST TALLINN 20
3 EST TALLINN -10
3 GB LONDON 22 2
4 FIN HELSINKI -9 2 4 FIN HELSINKI 22
5 DK COPENHAGEN 22
5 PL WARSAW -6 3 6 LV RIGA 22
6 S STOCKHOLM -5 7 S STOCKHOLM 22
7 CZ PRAGUE -5 8 NL AMSTERDAM 22
8 A VIENNA -4 9 LT VILNIUS 23
9 H BUDAPEST -4 10 L LUXEMBORG 23
10 SLO LJUBLJANA -4 11 CZ PRAGUE 23
11 SK BRATISLAVA -3 12 B BRUSSELS 23
12 D BERLIN -3
13 D BERLIN 24 3
13 DK COPENHAGEN -2 4 14 PL WARSAW 24
14 B BRUSSELS -1 15 A VIENNA 25
15 L LUXEMBORG -1 16 F PARIS 25
16 NL AMSTERDAM -1 17 SK BRATISLAVA 26
17 F PARIS 1
18 IRL DUBLIN 1 18 SLO LJUBLJANA 27 4
19 GB LONDON 2 19 P LISBON 27
20 E MADRID 2 20 H BUDAPEST 28
21 M VALETTA 29
21 CY NICOSIA 5 5 22 I ROME 30
22 I ROME 5 23 E MADRID 31
23 GR ATHENS 6
24 P LISBON 8 24 GR ATHENS 33 5
25 M VALETTA 10 25 CY NICOSIA 37
 18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
TALLINN 20 VILNIUS -11
DUBLIN 20 RIGA -10
COPENHAGEN 22 TALLINN -10
HELSINKI 22 HELSINKI -9
LONDON 22 WARSAW -6

RIGA 22 PRAGUE -5
5. Construct the graphs

AMSTERDAM 22 STOCKHOLM -5

STOCKHOLM 22 VIENNA -4

BRUSSELS 23 BUDAPEST -4

PRAGUE 23 LJUBLJANA -4

LUXEMBORG 23 BERLIN -3

VILNIUS 23 BRATISLAVA -3

BERLIN 24 COPENHAGEN -2

WARSAW 24 AMSTERDAM -1

VIENNA 25 BRUSSELS -1

PARIS 25 LUXEMBORG -1

BRATISLAVA 26 DUBLIN 1

LISBON 27 PARIS 1

LJUBLJANA 27 LONDON 2

BUDAPEST 28 MADRID 2

VALLETTA 29 NICOSIA 5
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES IN THE CAPITALS OF EU COUNTRIES IN JULY (°C) (EQUAL INTERVAL)

ROME 30 ROME 5
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES IN THE CAPITALS OF EU COUNTRIES IN JANUARY (°°C) (EQUAL INTERVAL)

MADRID 31 ATHENS 6

ATHENS 33 LISBON 8

NICOSIA 37 VALLETTA 10
C. QUANTILES CLASSIFICATION
1. Sorting the data in ascending order
2. Cut the breaks for the category ranges;

Category Ranges = N/C ; N is total of Data and C is the number of classes

= 25 / 5
= 5 Category Ranges

AVERAGE TEMPERATURES IN JANUARY AND JULY IN THE CAPITALS OF THE EU COUNTRIES

(QUANTILES)

JANUARY JULY
NO CTRY CAPITAL TEMP CLASS NO CTRY CAPITAL TEMP CLASS
1 LT VILNIUS -11 1 1 IRL DUBLIN 20 1
2 LV RIGA -10 2 EST TALLINN 20
3 EST TALLINN -10 3 GB LONDON 22
4 FIN HELSINKI -9 4 FIN HELSINKI 22
5 PL WARSAW -6 5 DK COPENHAGEN 22

6 S STOCKHOLM -5 2 6 LV RIGA 22 2
7 CZ PRAGUE -5 7 S STOCKHOLM 22
8 A VIENNA -4 8 NL AMSTERDAM 22
9 H BUDAPEST -4 9 LT VILNIUS 23
10 SLO LJUBLJANA -4 10 L LUXEMBORG 23

11 SK BRATISLAVA -3 3 11 CZ PRAGUE 23 3
12 D BERLIN -3 12 B BRUSSELS 23
13 DK COPENHAGEN -2 13 D BERLIN 24
14 B BRUSSELS -1 14 PL WARSAW 24
15 L LUXEMBORG -1 15 A VIENNA 25

16 NL AMSTERDAM -1 4 16 F PARIS 25 4
17 F PARIS 1 17 SK BRATISLAVA 26
18 IRL DUBLIN 1 18 SLO LJUBLJANA 27
19 GB LONDON 2 19 P LISBON 27
20 E MADRID 2 20 H BUDAPEST 28

21 CY NICOSIA 5 5 21 M VALETTA 29 5
22 I ROME 5 22 I ROME 30
23 GR ATHENS 6 23 E MADRID 31
24 P LISBON 8 24 GR ATHENS 33
25 M VALETTA 10 25 CY NICOSIA 37
 18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
TALLINN 20 VILNIUS -11
DUBLIN 20 RIGA -10
COPENHAGEN 22 TALLINN -10
HELSINKI 22 HELSINKI -9
LONDON 22 WARSAW -6

RIGA 22 PRAGUE -5
3. Construct the graphs

AMSTERDAM 22 STOCKHOLM -5

STOCKHOLM 22 VIENNA -4

BRUSSELS 23 BUDAPEST -4

PRAGUE 23 LJUBLJANA -4

LUXEMBORG 23 BERLIN -3

VILNIUS 23 BRATISLAVA -3

BERLIN 24 COPENHAGEN -2

WARSAW 24 AMSTERDAM -1

VIENNA 25 BRUSSELS -1

PARIS 25 LUXEMBORG -1

BRATISLAVA 26 DUBLIN 1

LISBON 27 PARIS 1

LJUBLJANA 27 LONDON 2

BUDAPEST 28 MADRID 2

VALLETTA 29 NICOSIA 5
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES IN THE CAPITALS OF EU COUNTRIES IN JULY (°C) (QUANTILES)
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES IN THE CAPITALS OF EU COUNTRIES IN JANUARY (°°C) (QUANTILES)

ROME 30 ROME 5

MADRID 31 ATHENS 6

ATHENS 33 LISBON 8

NICOSIA 37 VALLETTA 10