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How does the Pressure Sustaining

Valve (PSV) work?

Applies To

Product(s):
Version(s):
Environment:

Bentley WaterGEMS, Bentley HAMMER, Bentley WaterCAD


08.11.XX.XX
N/A

Area:
Original
Author:

Jesse Dringoli and Mark Pachlhofer, Bentley Technical Support


Group

How does the Pressure Sustaining


Valve (PSV) work?
Pressure Sustaining Valves (PSVs) throttle (ie. limit or restrict) flow to maintain a userdefined upstream pressure or hydraulic grade.
When a PSV is throttling flow:
The upstream hydraulic grade and pressure increase.
The downstream hydraulic grade and pressure decrease.

Situation for use


PSVs are useful in situations where unregulated flow would result in inadequate pressures
(too low) in the upstream portion of a system. They are also often used to model pressure
relief valves.
The valve can be in one of three states.
Active: Valve is partially opened to maintain the user-defined upstream pressure or hydraulic grade.
Inactive: Valve is fully open.
Closed

Reverse flow through the PSV


Reverse flow through a PSV is allowed when the "Status (initial)" is set to Inactive.
When the PSV's "Status (initial)" is set to Active, reverse flow is not allowed and "Status
(Calculated)" will be set to Closed.

Example
When the PSV's "Status (Initial)" is set to inactive (ie. fully open):
Upstream Pressure = 60psi
Upstream Hydraulic Grade = 170ft

For: "Setting Type" = Pressure

Pressure Setting (Initial)

Status (Calculated)

55psi

Inactive (1)

65psi

Active (2)

80psi

Closed (3)

(1) If the PSV's "Pressure Setting (Initial)" is below the upstream pressure when "Status
(Initial)" is set to inactive, then the "Status (Calculated)" is set to Inactive (ie. fully open) as
there is no throttling necessary. This is because even with the PSV fully open, the upstream
pressure is already higher than required and any throttling would just increase the pressure
more.
(2) If the PSV's "Pressure Setting (Initial)" is above the upstream pressure when "Status
(Initial)" is set to Inactive, and throttling the PSV will allow the "Pressure Setting (Initial)" to
be maintained, then "Status (Calculated)" is set to Active (ie. partially open).
(3) If the PSV's upstream pressure can't be raised to the value defined for "Pressure Setting
(Initial)", then the "Status (Calculated)" is set to Closed to provide the maximum upstream
pressure.
Similarly, for: "Setting Type" = Hydraulic grade
Hydraulic Grade Setting (Initial)

Status (Calculated)

160ft

Inactive (4)

175ft

Active (5)

200ft

Closed (6)

(4) If the PSV's "Hydraulic Grade Setting (Initial)" is below the upstream hydraulic grade
when "Status (Initial)" is set to inactive, then the "Status (Calculated)" is set to Inactive (ie.
fully open) as there is no throttling necessary. This is because even with the PSV fully open,
the upstream hydraulic grade is already higher than required and any throttling would just
increase the hydraulic grade more.
(5) If the PSV's "Hydraulic Grade Setting (Initial)" is above the upstream hydraulic grade
when "Status (Initial)" is set to Inactive, and throttling the PSV will allow the "Hydraulic
Grade Setting (Initial)" to be maintained, then "Status (Calculated)" is set to Active (ie.
partially open).

(6) If the PSV's upstream hydraulic grade can't be raised to the value defined for "Hydraulic
grade Setting (Initial)", then the "Status (Calculated)" is set to Closed to provide the
maximum upstream hydraulic grade.
Hydraulic Grade
PSV

pressure sustaining valve

headloss

Created by
MPachlhofer
When: Tue, Aug 4 2015 8:14 AM
Last revision by
MPachlhofer
When: Thu, Mar 17 2016 8:57 PM
Revisions: 5
Comments: 0

Pressure Relief Valve

pressure

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