BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING WITH HONOURS

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

BFC 21103 HYDRAULICS

Semester II Session 2015/2016
PROJECT PROBLEM:

SEDIMENT LADEN RUNOFF FROM CONSTRUCTION SITE

Due: 28 April 2016 (Thursday before 3:30 pm)

37.07 acres of on-going development site

Runoff problem encountered at the adjacent residential situated on lower ground is described
by the following photos.

Figure 1: Sediment laden runoff from a development site has caused inconvenience to
neighboring residents whenever rain falls

Instructions:
1.

A project group MUST ONLY consists of a MAXIMUM of FIVE (5) members.

2.

Project question:
A 37.07 acres of forested land is to be converted into commercial centre (Figure 1).
After land clearing (bare soil), rainfall events have caused sediment laden runoff to
intrude into lower ground, inundating depressions, and causing nuisance to neighboring
residents. Complaints by the residents have been filed at the local authority and
forwarded to the developer and contractor in-charge. Figure 1 shows the relationship of
rainfall intensity, duration, and frequency (IDF) developed from historical rainfall
record obtained from the rain station within the site. Considering rainfall duration of 30
minutes, propose a temporary drain to help the developer and contractor solve the
problem, focusing on the area marked as A in Figure 1. However, there is at least one
limitation. The width of the channel should not be greater than 1 m wide.

3.

Selection of coefficient of land use C, Manning roughness n, longitudinal slope So,

rainfall event return period, channel section and other variables are to be justified in the
report.

4.

Additional information:
4.1

For development of an area of 80 hectare or less, rational method can be used to

calculate for peak discharge by DID (2012). Rational method is given as
CIA
(1)
Q=
360
where, Q = peak flow (m3/s); C = runoff coefficient (see Table 1); I = average
rainfall intensity (mm/hr) (Figure 1); and A = drainage area (ha).

4.2

For the purpose of channel design, the rate of flow Q can be obtained from the
continuity equation, i.e.
(2)
Q = AV
where, V = mean velocity of flow (m/s), and A = area of flow (m2).
Also, the Manning flow resistance equation gives
2 1
1
(3)
Q = AR 3 S o2
n
where, n = Manning roughness coefficient (see Table 2), yo = uniform depth of
A
flow (m), R = hydraulic radius = (m), P = wetted perimeter (m), and So =
P
longitudinal channel bed slope. Table 3 shows the recommend limit for surface
flow velocity.

5.

Report Writing and Presentation:

5.1 Format of report:
(a) Project report should be typed with 1.5 lines spacing, in 12-pt Times New
Roman, printed on A4-size papers with margins 2.5 cm on all four sides.
(b) The report should not exceed 20 pages (including photos). All pages
(excluding cover and list of content) should be numbered (centered at the
bottom of the page).
2

5.2

Content of the report:

(a) Cover page with list of group members
(b) List of content
(c) Main content:
1.0 Introduction introduction, objectives, assumptions used and
limitations of the project.
2.0 Study Area descriptions on channel location, topography and
channel characteristics, proposed channel alignment and flow direction,
and other important information.
3.0 Methods or Equations justifications on the variables, methods
and/or equations used, as well as the analyses.
4.0 Results provide results of channel alignment, channel geometry/size,
longitudinal slope So, Manning roughness coefficient n, velocity of
flow V, and rate of flow Q.
5.0 Conclusions summary of the project including the learning outcomes
(see assessment rubric) and any recommendation.
(d) References
(e) Attachment individual weekly and overall reflection are to be attached,
which can be hand written (see the templates provided).

5.3

Project presentation carried out either through presentation in class, videopresentation or interview-based, is subjected to the instructor requirement. During
submission/presentation of the report, all members of the group must be present
where questions will be posed to each member of the group (see assessment
rubric).

Note: Please refer to your instructor if any doubt arises during project implementation as the
assessment and grading will be carried out by the class instructor.

Table 1: Recommended runoff coefficients for various landuses (DID, 2012)

Runoff coefficient C
For minor system For major system
Landuse
(> 10 year ARI)
( 10 year ARI)
Residential
Bungalow
0.65
0.70
Semi-detached bungalow
0.70
0.75
Link and terrace house
0.80
0.90
Flat and apartment
0.80
0.85
Condominium
0.75
0.80
Commercial and Business Centres
0.90
0.95
Industrial
0.90
0.95
Sport Fields, Park and Agriculture
0.30
0.40
Open Spaces
Bare soil (no cover)
0.50
0.60
Grass cover
0.40
0.50
Bush cover
0.35
0.45
Forest cover
0.30
0.40
Roads and Highways
0.95
0.95
Water Body (Pond)
Detention pond (with outlet)
0.95
0.95
Retention pond (no outlet)
0.00
0.00

Figure 1: Rainfall intensity-duration-frequency relationship of the development site

Table 2: Values of Manning roughness coefficent n for open channels (Chow, 1959; DID,
2012)
Drain/pipe

Manning roughness n

Grassed drain
Short grass cover (< 150 mm)

0.035
0.050

Tall grass cover ( 150 mm)

Lined drain
Concrete
Smooth finish
Rough finish
Stone pitching
Dressed stone in mortar
Random stones in mortar or rubble masonry
Rock riprap
Brickwork

0.017
0.035
0.030
0.020

Pipe material
Vitrified clay
Spun precast concrete
Fibre reinforced cement
UPVC

0.012
0.013
0.013
0.011

Table 3: Surface flow criteria (DID, 2012)

Criteria

0.015
0.018

Recommended limit
< 0.5 m2/s

Overland flow velocity depth

for vehicle stability and pedestrian areas
Flow width for street gutters

2 to 2.5 m or a half-lane

Flow velocity
i. soft lined waterways and overland flow paths
ii. hard lined channels
Ponding depth

< 2.0 m/s

< 4.0 m/s
< 0.20 m in unfenced areas
< 1.2 m in fenced areas

References:
Chow, V. T. (1959). Open-Channel Hydraulics. USA: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.
DID (Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia) (2012). Urban Stormwater
Management Manual for Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: DID.

BFC21103 Hydraulics Project Assessment Rubric

CLO1: Explain the concept of uniform and non-uniform flows in open channel (C4, PLO4)
Assessment

Criteria
Use of correct
variables and
equations

Report

Use appropriate
concept and
methodology to
interpret data
Justification on
methodology,
assumption &
limitation in study

Subcriteria
Application of suitable
equations
Analyses done through step
by step methodology
Analyses the direction of
flow for chosen alignment
Provide suitable sizing of
channel
Synthesizes all data in
sizing & aligning channel
Justify the use of all
variables

Level

Weight

C3

1.0

C4

1.0

C4

1.0

C4

1.0

C5

0.5

C6

0.5
Total (%)

Score

/25.0

CLO2: Discuss technically the given open channel hydraulics problem (P3, PLO2)
Assessment

Criteria
Technical
investigations on
study area

Report &
Presentation

Utilizing information
and equations in
sizing channel

Use/adapt appropriate
channel size for the
study area

Subcriteria
Level
Descriptions on study area
P1
based on provided data
Extracting data for use in
P2
calculation and analyses
Careful selection of equations
P3
based on instructions
Solutions are clearly
P3
described
Calculations carried out are
P4
ensured correct (validated)
Choice on complexity of
P5
design variables selection
Adapting appropriate
P6
channel size technically

Weight

Score

0.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
0.7
0.3
Total (%)

7.5

/37.5

CLO3: Respond in group effectively in solving uniform and non-uniform flows problems (A3, PLO5)
Assessment

Criteria

Convey information
in group
Report &
Presentation
Convey spoken ideas
in group

Subcriteria
Follows given format of
project report
Shows contribution from all
members
Demonstrate the utilization
of provided information
Demonstrate the importance
of documented information
Organisation of group work
and presentation
Support members in Q&A
session

Level

Weight

A1

1.5

A2

1.5

A3

1.5

A3

2.0

A4

0.7

A5

0.3

Score

Total (%)

7.5

/37.5

Overall Marks (%)

20

/100

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
BFC21103 Hydraulics Project Semester II Session 2015/2016
Weekly Reflection on Personal and Group Learning Experience
Week: _________
Date: ________________ to _________________

1.

Reflect on your group weekly learning experience;

Book/article read: ______________________________________________________________
Other learning activities:__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(you may attach additional sheet if required)

2.

Reflect on your group weekly activities/performance

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(you may attach additional sheet if required)

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
BFC21103 Hydraulics Project Semester II Session 2015/2016

Overall reflection on learning experience for this project

(To be filled by student at the end of project)
1. Content

2. Learning Activities

3. Instructor (s)

4. Group Members

5. Generic/Soft Skills

6. Overall/Others

(you may attach additional sheet if required)