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    Malebranche - The Search After Truth

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    469 Ansichten39 Seiten

    Malebranche - The Search After Truth

    Hochgeladen von

    Lorenz49
    Malebranche - The Search After Truth

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
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    CAMBRIDGE TEXTS IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY Sores ebrs KARL AMERIKS Profesor of Php at the Unser of Nove Dame DESMOND M, CLARKE Profs of Pipa Unerty Coleg Cork “Themsn cto Cami Tein sae Ppt atexpindshege, ey and ay fein the ber of pp whee gh The {saddle ey limes ath ears and Kandla ne. {Sonn aus Whee pote posed nope nd nabegd or, tates we permed fr th er Tach ome oan ra ‘Srnnto gether with ge to facer rang nd ay nosy mai ad {Sader The vlan we de ose ae erp sd pa ‘Ponte ee wl be of sett states boy brates ‘Sens adern te tery asco bir ogy aed eis es Part of ies ied inthe, le od boo, NICOLAS MALEBRANCHE, The Search afier Truth THOMAS M. LENNON hig Wot Onin AND, PAUL J. OLSCAMP Elucidations of The Search after Truth ‘THOMAS M. LENNON CAMBRIDGE, URIVERSITY PRESS “The ming of mani by its ne stated, a i were, Bete its Crestor and ore creme, fr, coding o Sunt Aogusing* there is noting bat God Dive it and nothing bot bodies below #, Buss te mind's poston above ll, Imaal things does aot proven trom being oil them, and even depend {hg a away ona yt of mat, 0 the infinite distance between the sovereign ‘lng sod theming of man oes no preven it roms being immediatly joined 10 itis vey intimate way. The later smi res te mind above all igs ‘Tamugh he mind celeste, fight, pd sete feliiy and at many ‘ima his works Sant Augotne speak ofthis nion athe one mst nasa Thu santa to the mind The mins ioe with te body, on te conta. ‘nny debses man nd isda the man case o all hier and miscri Tam not sorpesed tha ordinary meno pagan pilsopbers consider only the sout'stlation and union with he body, wibout recognizing the elaon andion ‘Rhus wth God ut am supisodthat Christan lowophers, who ght preter fhemind of God to te miné of sn, Moves © Arist nd Saint Auge Some worlisss commentaor on a pagin plosopber, should regard the so ‘hon 2 efor ofthe body tan ge Beng made inthe image and for the nage Ur God, Le ccoding to Sunt Aagostne. for te Truth which alone ii ‘tuned joined. ist that he ous joined othe body ands ately ts fom: bat tins ue ha sulted to Godin smh close and more essen ‘nay The raion it hast Boy may cease; Bt the relation thas to God is ‘cil that Go could not concivably crete a mind witout it it pn amr” 2300S. “nd inne be coats amr een eee cre Lp aren ee vw eee pe be Te va" At (De met a Preface eis evident tat Go cana only for Hise that He an creat minds only ‘know and love Him, and that He ean endow them with no knowledge or love that ao for Him or at dos note oman Hi but He need yt have joined to bodies the minds now joined wo the. Hence, the relation tht minds have © Gadi natural, ecesnary, ad abolutely inapeoaes et our mind's relation to our body, alooph mtr fo our mind, is ale solely necessary noe indispensable. This sot the place wade all the aguments and apes to ary hal ‘ight ead one to blive that ts more of the nature of the mind e joined 0 (God than he pind wo the body these mates woul ead ue oo fared. To preset this ith propery, would be necenay to overtow the fendamctal Pacis of pagan philosophy, to explicate he donde of sn, 0 combat wh Sr fately called experience, and to age agus the pees an illusions of the senses, Hence soo dificult an undertaking in preface o make thi uh pfecy compreensbe to ordinary men. But itis mots ic to prove this t atentve minds who hve been lasted inthe tue Phlosopby. For sues i have them real tha tthe will of God onder th matte ofeach thing, its moc ofthe nate ofthe sul © te joined o God tough its knowledge ofthe tth and its Tove of good than be joined t the body, nce tix cei, as we hve jst ai, tat God male ‘minds to know and love Him rater thn for informing bes, This proof is capable of inl rousing minds tat ar somewhat elightened, making Bh stentive and then convincing them; but is ory ipsa that minds of ‘esh nd blood, which ar capable of owing only what can be sense, shoud ever be convinced hy sch emsoning, For thse srt of poop, goss tense oot ate requited, because them mohing spears sold unless makes some !mpression on thir enes, "Te first man's sin ass Weakened aur miss won with God that team be fet nly by bose whose her spur and whose min is alighted, fr snion appear imaginary 4 all tose who Badly fallow te judgments ofthe Senses andthe impulses ofthe passions (Om the contrary, Orginal Sin is a0 strengthened ou sous union with oe body that it sems fo us that these wo pars of ware Bat one and the sane substance or eter, thas subjected soar senses and psn in sch ay that wear led Blee that our Bod ise ae portant ofthe two pas of ‘whlch we ue compote. ‘Wen we consider the vats ecupations of men, we have every eon © ‘ive that they ave seh low apdcroge opinion of themselves, ra they al love felicity and the pefeton of tei being, and they tive only i make thomsches happier and more perfect, are we not compelled ge tat fey have higher estimate of thir Boy and the goods of thei dy than of ther gue Ue Wage pa rp Sn fa fade Ge ae 0 + Preface av mind sod i gods? For we sce them alanst constantly occupied with things ‘elated tothe bay, std hey hardly think tall abot things at ae absolutly ecesaty for he perfection of hae mind ‘Most of them ti and srgle onl woke outa miserable existence, and to teave to ter children sme ofthe atsitance necessary for he preservation of thei bods “Tose ho, Wuoogh food forte or tough heck abit, ae not sujet to this necesiy, give to tr erence by tei condat that hey ropa ele Sout asthe most able prof heirbeing Hunting, dancing gambling and good living ar their tal purus, Thee sol he slave ofthe bod, prizes hse: iverson, though they are completely uaworty oft. But becaas thei body i ‘elated to all senile objects, theirsoul mo onl the lave ofthe body bats, Ipoteoet, te slave ofall seanbe things though or Beaute of te body. For rough the body, ty ar lated othe fail, heir fends, teitowy, their [ostons, and to al seasle goode whose preservation sem t thea as hoe ‘Sry and worth the preservation of tei own ting. Thus, et for eit foods and dese to Increase them, the pasion fo glo) and grander, move them and occupy them infately more than the preston of their sul Even the araed and tote who pie themselves on tee inteligence spend ‘more than hei ie uly anal actions or ones ht ead eae bebe they cae tote fr their heath, theie goods, abd hel eptations thn fr te pevecton of hi ind, Tey stay more © segs a spurious grander in the Frwpnation of her men than to tention and extend their mind. They ta thei ead into kind of fritanewarebouse ao whic dey indiscriminately ‘am anything bearing sxe nuk of eriton, i. anything tat might appear ‘are and extaordnary and that mip exc oer men's amin. They ghey Inssembling thos collections of cross ané antiques, which have ao Yale Srsolity and whove price depends oaly on whim, passion, and chance; they hry ever sive att thet mind in onder apd con the lpalses oftheir hear ‘Yee men ae aot oeter unaware tht they have a soul and that he sols the most important part oftheir being* They have aso been convinced & ‘ousand tines over by both eon abd expvene tat itso great advantage Ihe fame, ihe, and beslth for «few yer, and, gneral, tht all Bolly ‘sods and thse we poses only tough o because of the body ae passing, imaginary goods, Men now tha is tee w be just than Ye ech © BES ‘sonable thant be are have ively and penetrating ind thai bave ‘oft and ale body. These rth eaot be eed fom their mindy and they inflibly digover hen whe pleases thom think abou thr. Far example, / Home, wo paste rife of his hr, could have seca, hal he wished, that hs the pase one shld pve f ting dogs and hoses, Alexander, 50 ‘cecbraed in Bitory for hs plundering exploits, sometimes hear in the ost Preface secret ecesses of his reason he same reprosche tht dees a hicks ea, inspite ofthe tumultuous dn made by te crowd of fatererssumouadng him ‘And Caesar crossing the Rubicon cald mo conceal the rpeoaches hat feild him when be nally resolved to sacrifice is cousti's fedom thi own sion, 7 aitough cosy joined the body he ou il joined © God, and even hile it esives these lively and consed seasons tough the body tnd Poved by i passng, formed of Ks day and i disndes bythe cea ‘Truth hat presides ove is mind" When is oy mised, Go se ight when the body aters God eastgtes when the bay pies and acai it, God afi i intemaly with biter epoaces and onder iby the man ifeatoas of law tat sper and more oly tha he law ofthe sh Ie has followed, ‘Alexander didnot ned the Seyians to come and teach hn his ty in foreign tongue; he knew theres of justice he sould have followed fr the ‘same one wo instocts the Seythians andthe mort babi aon, The ight of ‘ruth that iuines everyone tamined his as wel; ad the voice of wate, which peaks eter Greck or Sethian nor any barbarian tng, poke him, 1 it does wo he rst of me, 2 very clear and very fli language. The Scythians epoached hi in vain forbs ood they spoke oa to his ex ‘Since God di ot speak wo his Heart rater, since Gad did spk to his ear, ‘but while he was tein ony to the Seyi, who succeded but in sous his pasions and in dcting his ateation away om himself he alle to bathe voice of tah (ough it had srk him), and to sce ight bough it ha penetrated hin), Teste hatou union with God is diminished ad weakened the extent tht ‘our union wit sensible things is increased and stengtiend bu tis possible tha this nn soul be eazely broken witht he desist four beng, fr wile hose plunged in vce nd inoxcated with pears might be inne ‘he oath, they are yet oid to i The wath doesnot sande hem they ‘who abandon the wu Hs ght shines nthe darkness bt doesnot always dispel 1, just asthe sun’ light surounds ase who are blind or wha sh tees, altiough it eles neither of them." ‘The same is te of oor mind's union With ur boy." This ion diminishes ‘our union with God increases, bt iis eniely broken aly by our death, For slp ron cas ca ders ‘Tom wpr ud wir tang Cnr be osha sin oc & Engine arpa sae epi soem "Aap Cf Be h-eh > ‘Eke pet oie cmt hp te” Aon 2 23 st terse Ss Syn Det Dw fan Cet Paseo use ‘iter bee Sapte a Tr 8 “hey et ei sh ut my — Preface ven ifwe were a aligned and ax detached fom al ses hag a wes the Apo, tee tl the necessity semuming fo Orginal Sin that or mind Sou depend on or boy, and tht we hou fe he law of ou sh resisting ‘ai constanly opposing the aw of ea nd. "The mind besomes ps, ore minows, stronger, an of greter ope a its onion wit God inceney, because his union constiues is entire peeerton. It tecomes corp, bind, weakened, and rested inion with i ody increased and srengthencd, because this union conte all is imperfection, "Tyan who age al things by his senses, ho follows the impulses of is sions inal hogs, wh pecsves only what he sener and lover only what Fer hm, isin the moat wrecked sta of mind posible, Inti tat he Infinitely removed from the wu and fom his good. But when a man jodges, thiags only according to the minds ure ideas, when be carefully avis the ‘oy confision of ees, an, when esting int himself, he Isteas bis ‘loveeign Mater wit is senses and pesson en, ts impossible for him 7 fal i ene “God aeverdeceve hose who conn Him with serious purpose and with thei mind tered filly foward Hi, altough He doesnot slays make them hea His esponses; bat when the mind tums from Gad an expends ie exer ‘ally, when consults only 8 body be insteted inte eth, when i ses ‘onl tos sense, imagination, and patios, which peak constant, tent Imus of necessiy he deceived. Wislom and perfction an ety ae not gods {0 be hoped for rm te body; He who alone is above us, and from wham we fave received ou ela, i the only one who can perfect "This what Saint Auguste eahee vr with hee elegant Woes.” “Etroal wisdona” be says, “isthe source [incpe ofall reatues capable of entanding, and this imutabe wisdom never cares speaking t His reas Inthe moa scret recess of hl feasoa soda thy might be inlined toward ‘im, tee sure, because ony the vision of tema windom gives niads Being, only femal wisdom can comple them, speak, and give them he ui perfection of wich they ae eapable." "When weste Gods Heisin inset we ‘il be like ono Him, ay th apostle Sunt ohn, * Throng his contemplation ‘tetrad th, we shal be exaed 0 che heights tard which all spitual ‘rears ted by the cea of thst mais, Bul we we are 08 car, the In ny depend oto i And do ep he ay, ly SASS Naeteed ctor nenag nono waar Fa rb one (TSfpasnee ena tr ats wilte mare so oe “Soin fa cn a ig tise, uae sae raseuca aa bone tae ga econ san ‘Sve Sr gue gas forma pre so pa” inp de a irre : ons te ie Ou, 3 2 x mew Preface ‘ody “weighs down the mind, "®contanlywithraws i from the presence of God othe inne ight tht lomins i it tvs constantly to sengten uno vith seanible objets, and i forest to repesent things mt a they ae ‘hemstves, but acoriag to the rlaton they have fo the preservation of ie “The body, ascoding the Book of Wis? ils the mind with 50 mcy enstons that bsomes Incapable of knowing things that ae at all Hiden, Compre vison dizsles and distract the mind's visions tat there egret situ in clearly sein a given ruth withthe sol’ eyes hie We ae wing the body's yet o know i. This shows that oly bythe mind's tention that any ths are discovered or any sciences acquired, because te mids ateaton 55 fact only its conversion and return © God, who is ou sole Master who lone teaches us all wth though te manifestation of His obance, a8 Sat [Aupatine yaad witout te mervenon of any rete "rom allt it clea that we must conta ress te body's inlence on the mind, and that Beaute we should no pase over, or occupy ourselves with, ‘nyhing that belongs the senile order, we mut gradually become nat: tomed 6 dabelevng the repos our senses make abot all the bodes ond ing s, which they always portray as worty of our applaton and eepct. This ‘Sone of he ats date etal Wisdom aparently wished each o ty is Tncamaton for afer ving exaled body tothe bigest concevable dial, He showed us trough he degradation which He reduced thi same Body ‘trough he depradatin of the mow estimable of eile things the #00 should have forall he objects of our Senses. Saint Pal pekape had the tame reason for saying that he no lager know Chri according Yo the fh! Not the ‘es of Chi, bu the mind concealed bythe sh should be the obec of our tention "Ca Yas fut, quod babshat send, non god ert” sys Saint ‘Augustine * Wharrer of Christ is prcepable deserves our reverence only Be ‘auteof ts union withthe Word, wich canst be te cect of anything bu the tind alone. Tis aol neces for hose who wish o tecome happy and wis be convinced to te cov of what have jst sid It's pot enough tha they should co qd sani gt nia.” Wa 1035, ar ic nt & i mm gn on agp De mag 1. “Cea lg gn, sp, eg ini et, ue alge toma Pe = ir wer nm mn me nen ni, i, ‘Ror Gone 3. [eee ese ann tsb us vr ign, ood ict oe re, ‘Soe ym es cri a pa eRe eo, (py ocmin mnie |p se cmt cae novi ee | Preface vs {ake my word, or that ty shoul! be pemuad bythe Ise of ome Aeeting Tig they must be convinced of i by « tousind unquestionable proofs and Cafetiencts. Tce tthe must be nde in thir mind aad mast aways be [petent to them while they pusue ter stdies an al he other activites of heir Iie "Those who tke he trouble to ead arf te work that Tam now pblsing wil enfes Tat mistaken, ener int this ram of mind fora iL deastate in ‘Several ways tit our senses, ou imagination, an our passions are allogether ‘Seles for dscoverng the tth and ou god, tha, on the contrary, they dazzle (Sand seduce win vey instance, and general tha athe kw ledge th mind ecxives tough the boy, or on acount of sme motion oecuring inthe Body is fale and coofusod in relation to the objects it represents altough his kno ‘edge is quite ofa the preservation ofthe body and of goods reed the toa) ia this work I combat several eros and expecially those most universally coved ot those that ease agree ioeder of the min, and T sow that hese ‘Sosa aoa all comsequences ofthe mad’ unio wih te body. In several Ploes [iy to make the tind realie it servade and dependence eave all, Sensible hag so that might be awakened fom its somnolence and make an ‘tor fee sl Tam at content simply 10 peeseat ou enor, bat I go farther and patil explain the mod's nature, Ido not bob, for example, make a detailed “oumerton of al be patil ens ofthe senses or ofthe imagination, but I ‘Sonsder aly the eaees of hoe er. Inthe explanation of these faculties tnd the general errs ito which we fall I show ina single penpective the nos afte numberof prtaar errs ito which we ean fall. Thon, he Steet ofthis wodk the mind of man ins ete. Lenser tia ise ‘ation to the body, andi slaon t God. T examine the ature of all facies and set out the ues we ooght © make of them i oder avd ere. Finally, Texplin most f he things T have belived ful for alvanciag the nome of man. "The rst bea, the most peasant, sd the most necessary of al ur nonedge i, undoubtedly, the kiowledge of ourselves. OF all the human nce: the since of man i the most worthy. Yet ts sciences nether the most ‘ufivted noe the most complete tat we possess; ordinary men neglect tngeher, Even among thse who take pig a Slenoe, tee are very Te ho tly themselves fo thi lence, and thee are ewer who apply henseles tolewithany sce, Mos of hose whom everyone regards as competent sen ‘only very ctafsed fasion the esenial ference betwen the mind and the ody Saint Angstine hist, who distinguished these two beings 20 well, Confesses tat fora long while he was unable to se the difference” And Sitough mast heaped tht Be explo’ the proper of he soul ad the tedy beter than all hose who prcueded him and who have flowed im inti, Cons te ens a Price fur own time, nontiess, he would uve done tater not atibute tthe bodies surrounding all the senile qualities we peresve by means of them, {orn he final analysis these quale ae not clearly contained fa the es tha be dof matter. Av reat stean be eid with some surance ta the ference teen the ming athe body has bon known wih suficient clatty fro few yeu ‘Some people imapine that hey fully anertand the aatr f the mind others are convinced tht impossible to know anything about but the retest ‘umber do nt sce of what use this owe woah! be and therefore sco it Skopster But these views, which are so widespread ate more the eet of ‘men's imagination ad iacliation than the conseqpences of lear ad ditt perepion of tei mind, They have these views bein te Ha itbotersome tnd dsastefl to eater ino themselves inode to eek ot hee weakness and Infants, and because they take plese neni ies and in those sient ‘hata glamorous. Never being within themselves, hey do mse the Gonder cocurng thee; they think they re well because they donot sense themses, ‘They even find felt with thse who, ia realizing their oven les, begin 0 remedy i they ay they make themosies sick case they ty to core them tebes, ‘at hese great gealuss who unlock asur's most hidden srs, and wh a spin rach the beaeos and decend ino th aye, abou rember what they ate. These reat objects might ely dazzle them. in onder t aa sac ‘higs, he mind must go Out of tl bat ean do ony atthe coat of sown ingaton ‘Me were not bom to become astonomers or ches, spending their wine ‘fe hanging ono telescope or taco toa but, a thea draving useless ‘conclusions fom their pasting obseratsng. I grant tht an stoma mt iat “iscovered the egos, seas, and mountxnson te oon, ist otc the spot ‘on the sun and calculated thei peccise motion. I grant that chemi lly Ascovered dhe scert of biking merry ad bested the alkaet by mes Df which Van Helmon! boare he cold dsl ll exes. Have they become ‘ny wiser or happier for having done They have mde uname foresees fn he wort, pers, bu let them beware leet puion oly extend their seve Astonom, chemistry, and practically all he other scenes might be regarded as pstines of an upiit man; but mea shuld ott oemacves be Soceived by {ek glamour, nor should hey profer thm o the scene of man. For alough the imagination ataches a cerain idea of grandeur atopomy beet tis science considers pea and magniient objects, which ae ifaiely above ev. {ryting around ws, le mind need ot blindly eevernse th es. Rather shold come i ge and master, sad should up ito tis sensible disp ay ‘hat so impresses reason. The mind mux jae all things according oI ane lights, paying feed tothe false and confused ttinony ofits sentes and Imaginn; and i examines all the puma sicoes i the pute Uight of the Preface ati ‘eth that llumine then assorey wll som patil al of hem a wi Ihave a higher reparé forthe sence tht teaches ue what wear i for al te ‘ters combined pref, ten, ex those who have any love fr rath to dg the soieet ofthis work seording othe respons they cer rom the sovereign Mater of ltt after hey have consuted Him trough vome serous election [It eler this rater ta pejuleing tem with some reat dscoure that they might take {or either mere commonpices or forthe vais oramentaion of x preface. But should they judge this subject be worthy ofthc serious atetion, Tagan bee, them oti jag the thing consid i this work according how well heya ‘epreved, but sag eter in thetaeves inorder ear the decisions ey ‘must follow and acordng © whieh thy most ogg, ‘Convinced ax we aretha men czaat teach on another and that those who listen us do nt lea the trate we aes ter eas ass He wp a revealed thr ou the Same tne feveals them thle maid as well we tl find ourelves obliged to warm the who wish W anderen this work nt 10 ‘elev us a our werd though itcization, nor oppose what We sy tough sverin, For while 1d nt thik Thave proposed anjing new without hating cen convinced oft afer serous thought, sll it ould be very regretable for thers 6 content heseles with merely remembering and bebeving my views ‘without really knowing them, of for them 1 fll io enor ether for misun. entanding my views or Becase Twas mistakes. ‘The pie of contin scholar who would hae us believe them on hee Word sets © ws latoletale, They omplain shold we consult God afer they ave ‘poke, because they themselves aves consled Hi they boome ayed 1 soon a any of thei views ar opposed and hey really want the dake of thei mapinatin to be given reference over the pe ight of tth hat amines the ming, "Tiss fr fom cur sort of behavior, thnks be 16 Go, aoogh itis ofen stibted tu. We consider prvios authors a xt promoters.” We woald be ‘oy unjust and vai, then, 1 Wish be Fstened wo Uke doctors and masts, We {SK hte fact and expeences we relate be believed (for hee things ea Teamed by aplying the mind 0 sovereign and nivel Reason); bt afr the true tht ate dacoveed within the te ideas of things (which the cemal “Truth represents tw nthe most seret reset of our eon), We expreay ‘war that our opinions about hem should wo be tkea as inal, for we ake it © = sce ee Tate qu doen ine Be epar mc Ang. on taf

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