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W RI T I N G T I P S

LEVEL: ADVANCED 2

EXPRESIN E INTERACCIN ESCRITA: NIVEL AVANZADO (B2)


All the guiding points are fully covered.
Communicative aim achieved: immediate comprehension (requires no re-reading).
Required number of words (150 or 275 words: >10%< ).
Adequate layout:
e.g. In an article/essay: title, introduction (states topic), body (presents information
in detail), conclusion (summarizes and is not a repetition of the introduction).
e.g. In an email of complaint: completes all fields in the online form, starts with
FORMATO
appropriate greeting (e.g. Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Ms Brown), introduction (reason
for writing), body (specific complaints)/ conclusion (e.g. asks for compensation),
ends with appropriate ending (e.g. Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely), signs with full
name.
Paragraphs are visually clear.
Clean and legible overall presentation.
Ideas organized into well-structured paragraphs: each paragraph starts with a topic
sentence and refers to a single (NOT two/three) topic.
Paragraphs relate to one another and are cohesive.
ORGANIZACIN
Varied and appropriate choice of connectors a wide variety of linking words. See
y COHESIN
below for examples of linkers.
Efficient use of punctuation. (e.g. ? / ! + CAPITAL letter, NOT: ?. or ! .)
Vocabulary is highly varied and appropriate for B2 level and for the task (related
to the topic).
LXICO
No use of simplistic vocabulary (e.g. good/bad/thing)
Use of synonyms, no repetition of words and expressions.
ORTOGRAFA Correct spelling.
No mistakes that lead to misunderstanding.
Proper use and wide range of B2 structures.
Correct use of tenses, of modal verbs (e.g. I would appreciate it if you could; I
would have gone but), of infinitives and gerunds, of passive voice and impersonal
structures (It was said that, It is often claimed that, X is thought to be)
Correct use of subordinate clauses: relative clauses, participle clauses, noun
clauses, adverb clauses (e.g. condition, manner, cause, purpose)
Correct use of comparative/superlative structures (e.g. The more I think about it,
GRAMTICA
the worse I feel; X is getting cheaper and cheaper but)
Correct use of emphatic forms:
- emphatic do
- cleft-sentences: it-clefts (e.g. It is because that) and what-clefts (What is
worrying is the fact that)
- inversion (e.g. Never + aux + S + verb; Were + S + to infinitive, S + would; Had+ S
+ past particle, S + would have p.p.; Only when did + S + infinitive)
Correct use of reported/direct speech (e.g. in a story); wishes and /or regrets (e.g.
in a complaint: I wish I had not bought, I should not have been so rude)
Correct use of introductory it as subject (e.g. Its difficult to know whether
Its obvious that) or object (e.g. I consider it a mistake that, I hate it that)
The register and tone is appropriate for the task:
- Formal (e.g. an email of complaint, a letter applying for a job, a report): uses no
contractions, abbreviations or exclamation marks, formal structures and vocabulary,
REGISTRO
avoids personal/subjective comments
- Informal (e.g. an email to a friend/relative): uses contractions, colloquial
CONSIGNA

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W RI T I N G T I P S

LEVEL: ADVANCED 2

vocabulary and informal structures, emotional and chatty way of expressing ideas

EXAMPLES OF LINKERS:
Listing points: In the first place, First of all, To start with, Secondly, Thirdly,
Finally
Adding points: Furthermore, Moreover, as well as, not only but, Besides, What is
more, In addition to this
Examples: for instance, such as, especially, in particular
Opinion: In my opinion, In my view, It seems to me that, I am inclined to believe
that
Contrasting viewpoints: Opponents of this view say, Contrary to what most
people believe, On the other hand, However, Nevertheless, Nonetheless, in spite
of (preposition), despite (preposition).
Subordinating contrast conjunctions: despite the fact that, in spite of the fact
that, whereas, while, even though , even if Avoid although / but.
To refer to viewpoints/sources: DO not use about : about education
- As far as sth (a noun: economy/ education/ health/ money) is concerned,
- As for the (adjective: artistic/educational/psychological/scientific ) aspect,
- From a/n (adjective: economic/ historical/personal/religious) viewpoint,
- With regard to (adjective: educational/moral/political/social) matters,
- With/In reference to sth (a noun): I am writing in reference to the job opening in your
department.

- According to sth/sb:
a) According to sth: If you do sth according to a plan/ a set of rules, you do it in a
way that agrees with the plan/ rules: We should try to play the game according to
the rules.
b) According to sth/sb: used for saying where information or ideas come from:
According to newspaper reports,
According to John,
FREQUENT MISTAKE: According to health (???)
Conclusion: to conclude, to sum up, in conclusion, all in all, all things considered,
taking everything into account, as was previously stated
Cause and effect: consequently, therefore, as a result, for this reason, because of
(preposition). Conjunctions: as, since, due to the fact that, owing to the fact that
(avoid: because)
Purpose: in order to, in order that, so as to
Time: as soon as, before, after, since, until, whenever, while (avoid: when)
Condition: if, in case, whether, whether or, unless, even if, providing that,
provided that, as long as, on condition that
Comparison: asas, not so as, not asas, comparative + than
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W RI T I N G T I P S

LEVEL: ADVANCED 2

Manner: as if, as though.

AVOID BASIC VOCABULARY (very, good, bad):


Adverbs like very: absolutely, completely, fairly, quite, really
Adjectives like good: amusing, amazing, attractive, breathtaking, brilliant,
entertaining, exciting, extraordinary, fascinating, hilarious, interesting, modern,
peaceful, successful, stunning
Adjectives like bad: appalling, awful, boring, corrupt, crowded, degenerate,
evil, hopeless, horrible, horrendous, humourless, inferior, incompetent, immoral,
mediocre, predictable, terrible, unimaginative, useless, wicked
Adjectives like big: enormous, huge, immense, king-size, large, vast
Adjectives like small: minute, microscopic, minuscule, tiny

Exam tasks:

Task 1 (120-150 words):


a formal letter/ email (e.g. of complaint (about a restaurant/a
holiday), a job application, requesting information about sth (a hotel,
a course in England)
an informal letter/email (e.g. to a friend)
a web/blog post (e.g. a description of sb/a place/ a book/etc., giving
advice to your readers, etc.)
a film/book review
Task 2 (230-275 words):
an article to be published on a magazine, blog/web, newspaper.
Articles can be descriptive, narrative or discursive. Descriptive:
describing a place, event, experience. Narrative: narrating an
experience, a holiday Discursive: an opinion article (e.g. about topics
like technologies, healthy habits, etc.) or a for/against article.
an essay (e.g. an opinion essay)
a report (e.g. a survey report, an assessment report)
a story

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W RI T I N G T I P S

CARMEN LUISA PREZ AMARO

LEVEL: ADVANCED 2

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