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Ordering Information
Graphic Card
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High Power DC-DC Regulators
RT9214
Package Type
S : SOP-8
SP : SOP-8 (Exposed Pad-Option 1)
Operating Temperature Range
P : Pb Free with Commercial Standard
G : Green (Halogen Free with Commercial Standard)
Pin Configurations
(TOP VIEW)
BOOT
PHASE
UGATE
OPS
GND
FB
LGATE
VCC
Note :
SOP-8
`RoHS compliant and compatible with the current requirements of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020.
BOOT
UGATE
GND
LGATE
NC
9
PHASE
OPS
FB
VCC
DS9214-13
September 2007
www.richtek.com
1
RT9214
Typical Application Circuit
+5V to +12V
D1
1N4148
VIN
+3.3V/+5V/+12V
RBOOT
2.2
R1
10
BOOT
5
C1
1uF
UGATE
VCC
FB
PHASE
RT9214
GND
OPS
LGATE
Disable >
R2
32
C3
1uF
C2
0.1uF
RUGATE
Q1
MU
2.2
L1
3uH
ROCSET
Q2
ML
C4
470uF
VOUT
R
C
C6 to C8
1000uFx3
Q3
3904
VOUT = VREF (1 + R3 )
R2
VREF : Internal reference voltage
(0.8V 2%)
R3
68
R4
200-1k
C5
0.1-0.33uF
FB (Pin 6)
UGATE (Pin 2)
Upper gate driver output. Connect to the gate of highside power N-Channel MOSFET. This pin is monitored by
the adaptive shoot-through protection circuitry to
determine when the upper MOSFET has turned off.
GND (Pin 3)
Both signal and power ground for the IC. All voltage levels
are measured with respect to this pin. Ties the pin directly
to the low-side MOSFET source and ground plane with
the lowest impedance.
LGATE (Pin 4)
Lower gate drive output. Connect to the gate of low-side
power N-Channel MOSFET. This pin is monitored by the
adaptive shoot-through protection circuitry to determine
when the lower MOSFET has turned off.
VCC (Pin 5)
Connect this pin to a well-decoupled 5V or 12V bias
supply. It is also the positive supply for the lower gate
driver, LGATE.
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2
DS9214-13
September 2007
RT9214
Function Block Diagram
VCC
EN
PH_M
Power On
Reset
Reference
0.1V
1.5V
0.8VREF
3V
0.6V
UV_S
Soft-Start
&
Fault Logic
40uA
OC
OPS
0.4V
+
BOOT
UGATE
FB
PHASE
EO
GM
Gate
Control
Logic
VCC
LGATE
Oscillator
(300kHz)
GND
DS9214-13
September 2007
www.richtek.com
3
RT9214
Absolute Maximum Ratings
(Note 1)
(Note 3)
Electrical Characteristics
(VCC = 5V/12V, TA = 25C, unless otherwise specified)
Parameter
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
--
15
mA
POR Threshold
VCCRTH
VCC Rising
--
4.1
4.5
Hysteresis
VCCHYS
0.35
0.5
--
0.784
0.8
0.816
Switcher Reference
Reference Voltage
VREF
VCC = 12V
To be continued
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4
DS9214-13
September 2007
RT9214
Parameter
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Oscillator
Free Running Frequency
fOSC
VCC = 12V
250
300
350
kHz
Ramp Amplitude
VOSC
VCC = 12V
--
1.5
--
VP-P
gm
--
0.2
--
ms
AO
--
90
--
dB
0.6
--
--
IUGATE
RUGATE
ILGATE
0.6
--
RLGATE
--
Dead Time
TDT
--
--
100
ns
Protection
FB Under-Voltage Trip
FBUVT
FB Falling
70
75
80
OC Current Source
IOC
VPHASE = 0V
35
40
45
Soft-Start Interval
TSS
--
3.5
--
ms
Note 1. Stresses listed as the above "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are for
stress ratings. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the
operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended
periods may remain possibility to affect device reliability.
Note 2. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution recommended.
Note 3. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions.
Note 4. JA is measured in the natural convection at T A = 25C on a low effective thermal conductivity test board of
JEDEC 51-3 thermal measurement standard.
DS9214-13
September 2007
www.richtek.com
5
RT9214
Typical Operating Characteristics
Efficiency vs. Output Current
0.95
0.95
0.9
0.9
Efficiency(%)
Efficiency(%)
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.65 VCC = 5V
VIN = 5V
0.6
0
5
VCC = 12V
VIN = 5V
0.6
0
10
15
20
25
25
VCC = 12V
VIN = 5V
330
0.808
0.806
0.804
0.802
310
290
270
0.8
250
0.798
-40 -25 -10
20
35
50
65
80
-40
95 110 125
-10
20
50
80
140
VCC Switching
4.75
Rising
4.5
110
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
20
350
Frequency (kHz)
0.81
15
10
(100mV/Div)
VOUT
IOUT
4.25
(10A/Div)
UGATE
Falling
(20V/Div)
V CC
3.75
VCC = 12Vto 5V
IOUT= 10A
VIN = 5V
3.5
-40
-10
20
50
80
110
140
(10V/Div)
Time (10ms/Div)
Temperature (C)
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6
DS9214-13
September 2007
RT9214
Power On
VCC Switching
(100mV/Div)
VOUT
(500mV/Div)
VOUT
IOUT
(10A/Div)
UGATE
(2A/Div)
IOUT
(20V/Div)
V CC
VCC = 5V to 12V
IOUT= 10A, VIN = 5V
(10V/Div)
UGATE
(10V/Div)
Time (10ms/Div)
Time (500us/Div)
Power Off
V CC
VCC = VIN = 5V
IOUT = 25A
(10V/Div)
VOUT
UGATE
(2V/Div)
VIN
PHASE
(2V/Div)
(5V/Div)
UGATE
LGATE
(10V/Div)
IOUT = 2A
Time (5ms/Div)
Time (25ns/Div)
VCC = 12V
VIN = 5V
IOUT= 25A
UGATE
UGATE
(10V/Div)
VOUT
(100mV/Div)
PHASE
(5V/Div)
LGATE
IL
(10A/Div)
Time (10ns/Div)
DS9214-13
September 2007
L = 2.2uH
C = 2000uF
Time (5us/Div)
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7
RT9214
Transient Response (Falling)
L = 2.2uH
C = 2000uF
UGATE
(10V/Div)
VOUT
(100mV/Div)
IL
(10A/Div)
Time (25us/Div)
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8
DS9214-13
September 2007
RT9214
Application Information
Inductor Selection
The selection of output inductor is based on the
considerations of efficiency, output power and operating
frequency. Low inductance value has smaller size, but
results in low efficiency, large ripple current and high output
ripple voltage. Generally, an inductor that limits the ripple
current (IL) between 20% and 50% of output current is
appropriate. Figure 1 shows the typical topology of
synchronous step-down converter and its related
waveforms.
iS1
L
iS2
VIN
S2
VIN VOUT = L
V
IL
D
; t = ; D = OUT
t
fs
VIN
L = (VIN VOUT )
VOUT
VIN fs IL
(1)
Where :
VIN = Maximum input voltage
VOUT = Output Voltage
t = S1 turn on time
IL
+ VL S1
+
VOR
VOC
-
+
RL
VOUT
fS = Switching frequency
D = Duty Cycle
rC
IOUT
iC
COUT
TS
Vg1
TON TOFF
Vg2
VIN - VOUT
VL
diL VIN-VOUT
=
L
dt
iL
diL
VOUT
dt =
L
IOUT
- VOUT
TS
iL
iC
IL
IL = IOUT
iS1
1/2IL
IL
VOC
VOC
iS2
VOR
IL x rc
0
September 2007
t1
t2
RT9214
The AC impedance of output capacitor at operating
frequency is quite smaller than the load impedance, so
the ripple current (IL) of the inductor current flows mainly
C1
(2)
C2
R1
(3)
(4)
VOUT = IL x rc
VOUT
GM
+
+
EA+
EA-
(5)
VOUT
RO
GM
Input Capacitor
The selection of input capacitor is mainly based on its
maximum ripple current capability. The buck converter
draws pulsewise current from the input capacitor during
the on time of S1 as shown in Figure 1. The RMS value of
ripple current flowing through the input capacitor is
described as :
Irms = IOUT D(1 D) (A)
FP =
1
1
; FZ =
2 R1C 2
2 R1C1
We can see the open loop gain and the Figure 3 whole
loop gain in Figure 5.
(6)
Gain (dB)
A
FZ
The transconductance :
dI
GM = OUT
dVm
FP
Gain = GMR1
100
1000
10k
100k
Frequency (Hz)
DS9214-13
September 2007
RT9214
OPS (Over Current Setting, VIN_POR and Shutdown)
1.OCP
Sense the low-side MOSFET s RDS(ON) to set over-current trip point.
Connecting a resistor (ROCSET) from this pin to the source of the upper MOSFET and the drain of the lower MOSFET
sets the over-current trip point. ROCSET, an internal 40A current source, and the lower MOSFET on resistance, RDS(ON),
set the converter over-current trip point (IOCSET) according to the following equation :
I OCSET =
OPS pin function is similar to RC charging or discharging circuit, so the over-current trip point is very sensitive to
parasitic capacitance (ex. shut-down MOSFET) and the duty ratio.
Below Figures say those effect. And test conditions are Rocset = 15k (over -current trip point = 20.6A), Low-side
MOSFET is IR3707.
OCP
OCP
UGATE
(10V/Div)
UGATE (10V/Div)
IL (10A/Div)
IL (10A/Div)
OPS (200mV/Div)
Time (5s/Div)
Time (5s/Div)
OCP
OCP
OPS
(200mV/Div)
UGATE (10V/Div)
UGATE
(10V/Div)
IL (10A/Div)
IL (10A/Div)
VIN = 12V, VCC = 12V
VOUT = 1.5V
Time (2.5s/Div)
DS9214-13
September 2007
Time (2.5s/Div)
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11
RT9214
2. VIN_POR
3V
40uA
ROCSET
OC
OPS
0.4V
10pF
+
-
VIN POR_H
PHASE_M
Cparasitic
UGATE
1.5V
PHASE
Q2
DISABLE
COMP
VRAMP_Valley
Cross-over
SS_Internal
VCORE
SSE_Internal
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12
DS9214-13
September 2007
RT9214
Under Voltage Protection
The voltage at FB pin is monitored and protected against
UV (under voltage). The UV threshold is the FB or FBL
under 80%. UV detection has 15s triggered delay. When
OC is trigged, a hiccup restart sequence will be initialized,
as shown in Figure 7 Only 4 times of trigger are allowed
to latch off. Hiccup is disabled during soft-start interval,
but UV_FB has some difference from OC, it will always
trigger VIN power sensing after 4 times hiccup, as shown
in Figure 8.
SS
Internal
COUNT = 1
COUNT = 2
COUNT = 3
COUNT = 4
4V
2V
0V
Inductor Current
OVERLOAD
APPLIED
0A
T0 T1
T2
T3
T4
TIME
Power Off
UGATE
FB
(20V/Div)
UV
(500mV/Div)
VIN Power
Sensing
VOUT
VIN
(2V/Div)
(2V/Div)
IOUT = 2A
Time (10ms/Div)
September 2007
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13
RT9214
IQ1
IL
VOUT
5V/12V
IQ2
Q1
LOAD
Q2
GND
GND
LGATE VCC
RT9214
UGATE
FB
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14
DS9214-13
September 2007
RT9214
According to our test experience, you must still notice two items to avoid noise coupling :
1.The ground plane should not be separated.
2.VCC rail adding the LC filter is recommended.
DS9214-13
September 2007
www.richtek.com
15
RT9214
Outline Dimension
C
I
D
Dimensions In Millimeters
Dimensions In Inches
Symbol
Min
Max
Min
Max
4.801
5.004
0.189
0.197
3.810
3.988
0.150
0.157
1.346
1.753
0.053
0.069
0.330
0.508
0.013
0.020
1.194
1.346
0.047
0.053
0.170
0.254
0.007
0.010
0.050
0.254
0.002
0.010
5.791
6.200
0.228
0.244
0.400
1.270
0.016
0.050
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16
DS9214-13
September 2007
RT9214
H
M
EXPOSED THERMAL PAD
(Bottom of Package)
Y
J
C
I
D
Dimensions In Millimeters
Symbol
Dimensions In Inches
Min
Max
Min
Max
4.801
5.004
0.189
0.197
3.810
4.000
0.150
0.157
1.346
1.753
0.053
0.069
0.330
0.510
0.013
0.020
1.194
1.346
0.047
0.053
0.170
0.254
0.007
0.010
0.000
0.152
0.000
0.006
5.791
6.200
0.228
0.244
0.406
1.270
0.016
0.050
2.000
2.300
0.079
0.091
2.000
2.300
0.079
0.091
2.100
2.500
0.083
0.098
3.000
3.500
0.118
0.138
Option 1
Option 2
Headquarter
DS9214-13
September 2007
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17