Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
3D/Volumetric
Temporal
discover patterns in the distribution of that property along the network, but it may obscure its
global structure
18. Define Force-directed and Energy-based layouts.
A force-directed layout draws analogies from a physical structure of rods and springs
connecting spheres with the links and nodes in a network. Forces are designed to satisfy lowlevel properties that guarantee minimal overlap of nodes and proximity of related nodes. For
example, attractive forces are often dened between any pair of connected nodes, while
repulsive forces are dened between all pairs of nodes. The equilibrium state of such a system
of forces results in the optimal placement of nodes under that definition.
19. What are the advantages and disadvantages of force-directed layouts?
Advantages:
Forces are designed to satisfy low-level properties that guarantee minimal overlap of nodes and
proximity of related nodes. For example, attractive forces are often dened between any pair
of connected nodes, while repulsive forces are dened between all pairs of nodes. The
equilibrium state of such a system of forces results in the optimal placement of nodes under
that definition.
Disadvantages:
On one hand, they are expensive to compute, since the time to compute grows cubically with
the number of nodes in the network. This makes them impractical even for simple real-life
social networks, in the order of only thousands of nodes. On the other hand, maybe more
critically, a force directed layout often results in a hairball for most moderately sized
networks, due to the power law distribution. Brandes and Pich presented an experimental study
that shows that multidimensional scaling approaches to graph layout can satisfy aesthetic
properties better than force-directed placement
20. Write notes on spectral layouts.
This type of algorithms are based on spectral algebra on key matrices that can be extracted
from the social structure. It was shown that the eigenvectors of certain matrices can be used as
lower dimensional, typically2D, embeddings of the graph. The most widely application of this
technique uses the eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix. In other cases, the eigenvectors
of the Laplacian matrix are used as the embedding coordinates
21. Write notes on matrix-oriented techniques.
Since a social network graph consists of nodes connected with edges, it can be transformed
into a simple Boolean matrix whose rows and columns represent the vertices of the graph.
Moreover, the Boolean values in the matrix can be further replaced with valued attributes
associated with the edges to provide more informative network visualizations.
Since a matrix presentation can help minimize the occlusion problems caused by the node-edge
diagram, the matrix-based representation of graphs offers an alternative to the traditional nodeedge diagrams.
22. Give the benefits of matrix representation of social networks.
Matrices provide powerful overview visualization since the time to create them is low and
since they are always readable. They constitute a good representation to initiate an exploration.
Matrices do not suffer from node overlapping, if the task requires to always read the actors
labels, this representation is more appropriate.
Matrices do not suffer from link crossing each other; therefore they are a viable alternative for
dense networks.
CS6010- SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS
23. List the online social network visualizations based on different views of social
relationships.
Ontology-based Visualization.
Temporal Visualization
Statistical Visualization
24. Write short notes on Web Communities.
Since the start of SixDegrees.com, various social network websites and Web-based dating
services have been established to provide people more convenient ways to build up their social
relationships and communities.
In addition, many social network websites are developed with interactive visualization
interfaces to facilitate people connecting their communities and maintaining social
relationships.
25. What are digital libraries?
A digital library is a special library with a focused collection of digital objects that can
include text, visual material, audio material, video material, stored as electronic media formats
(as opposed to print, microform, or other media), along with means for organizing, storing, and
retrieving the files and media contained in the library collection. Digital libraries can vary
immensely in size and scope, and can be maintained by individuals, organizations, or affiliated
with established physical library buildings or institutions, or with academic institutions.The
digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. An
electronic library is a type of information retrieval system.
26. What is a co-authorship network?
On the aspect of authors, co-authorships can be mined from the existing publications
and organize the co-authorship networks.
With the visualization of co-authorships, some characteristics, such as clustering coefficient
and average path length, can be analyzed in co-authorship networks.
27. What are called Co-Citation Relations?
On contrary to the authorship view, social networks in digital libraries can be discovered
from the citations and co-citations among writings themselves.
Since references are a crucial part of a document for readers to obtain information source,
Co-citation social networks can be formed through the continuously accumulated publications.
28. What do you mean by Content-centric visualization?
As the boosted development and evolution of Internet applications, particularly in the era of
Web 2.0, an explosive amount of Web information was rapidly produced via various social
network communities.
Therefore, from the view of visualizing content-centric social relationships, various kinds of
contents can be properly presented to facilitate people analyzing social networks.
For example, at least the following three sorts of social network contents can displayed with
content-centric visualization:
29. What is the purpose of User-centric visualization?
From the perspective of actors, visualizing user-centric social relationships can present various
characteristics of actors and helps explore different subjects and relationships
CS6010- SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS
of interests.
For example, visualizing user-centric social relationships can help people discover individuals
and communities that meet the following expectations:
1. actors or groups with similar/complementary features,
2. key actors or those with high social impacts, and
3. actors with popular interpersonal relationships or active social interactions.
30. What is meant by hybrid visualization?
Social activities among actors are generally more than one form and thus may consist of
different kinds of relationships and interactions.
Therefore, besides the user-centric visualization and content-centric visualization interfaces,
still many visualization interfaces are designed according to hybrid relationships.
Hybrid visualization is to visualize social networks from different aspects of attributes, e.g.
people and contents. Particularly, online social activities, such as email and dating
services, usually include such elements.
PART B
1. What is visualization? Explain Social Network visualization on the Web.
2. Discuss the taxonomy of visualizations of social networks.
3. Explain the following:
a. Clustering
b. Centrality
c. Node-link diagrams
4. Explain the Node-edge diagrams to visualize social networks.
5. Explain how to visualize social networks with matrix-based representation. Also discuss the pros
and cons of matrix-based representation.
6. Discuss the various approaches to scale node-link diagrams to large networks with several
thousand or millions of nodes.
7. Briefly explain the hybrid representation of visualization.
8. Briefly explain the concept of modeling and aggregating social network data.
9. Explain how clustering is performed with random walk based measures. Also discuss the
algorithms for computing proximity measures.
10. a) Discuss the applications of random walks approach.
b) Briefly explain the use of Hadoop and Map Reduce.