1.) What perspective(s) of organizational effectiveness best describe the application of
lean management practices? Describe how specific elements of that perspective related to the interventions described in this case study. The best perspective of organizational effectiveness that best describes the application of lean management is the Open Systems, Open Systems used an external source and developed a new knowledge in improving an efficient and service quality. Organizational efficiency (productivity), which is the ratio of input to outcomes, the more output could accomplish with comparable amounts of inputs, the more profitable it is. Adaptive makes the organization's transformation process more response to changing conditions and customer needs. Innovation enables the processes design work processes that are superior to what competitors can offer. 2.) Does lean management ignore some perspectives of organizational effectiveness? If so, what are the unintended consequences of these practices that might undermine, rather than improve, an organizations effectiveness? Lean management involves seeking ways to reduce and remove waste from work processes. Some perspectives of organizational effectiveness was ignored in the different situations, like in the Sunderland Royal Hospital they have ignored the Human Capital by getting ideas in the Nissan factory and not using their own stock knowledge to minimized their time in work processes to have more time in giving surgery with the other more patients. 3.) In what situations, If any, would it be difficult or risky to apply lean management practices? What conditions make these practices challenging in these situations? This is risky to apply in lean management practices is the influence of employee leaving the company in the advance level of lean management. Employees skill, knowledge, and experience necessary for working specific
tasks throughout the organization can be difficult to copy and hence provide a platfor for sustainable competitive advantage.